pharmacology of ginger
DESCRIPTION
Pharmacological effects of constituents of ginger described with references.TRANSCRIPT
Ginger
Zingiber OfficinaleFAMILY: ZINGIBERACEAE
GINGER PLANT• Erect perennial herb with tuberous rhizomes
which are commonly called the ‘root’.
• Extensively cultivated throughout the tropics
• Originated SE Asia
• Three main types found in Jamaican ginger are :
• China blue, Frog blue, Jamaican native
GINGER PLANT
GINGER (Zingiber Officinale) RHIZOME
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF GINGER
Essential oil:
•Zingiberone
•Beta-phellandrene
•Alpha-curcumene
•Zingiberol
•Linalool
Pungent constituents (phenylalkylketones or vanillyl ketones) : gingerols** and shogaols***
• Gingerinone
GINGEROL AND SHOGAOL ISOFORMS
•6-gingerol
•8-gingerol
•10-gingerol
• 6-shogaol
• 8-shogaol
•10-shogaol
GINGER OIL: RHIZOME CONTAINS 1-4% VOLATILE OILS EXTRACTED VIA STEAM DISTILLATION
FOLKLORIC USES
1. Relieves joint pain
2. Aids digestion
3. Settles upset stomach
4. Relieves motion sickness
5. Protects against ulcers
6. Expectorant
PHARMACOLOGY OF GINGER
1. Hypolipidemic
Ethanol extract of ginger lowered serum LDL and TG levels in rabbit model of hypercholestoremia
PHARMACOLOGY OF GINGER
2. Nausea and vomiting
In pregnancy: Altern Health Med 2002 8(5): 89-91
Post operative: Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2013 December; 15(12): E12268
Possible antagonism of 5HT receptors
PHARMACOLOGY OF GINGER
3. Anti-oxidant effects
Ginger extracts protect against oxidative stress
Main y phenolic compounds and Pinostrobin from Thai ginger
PHARMACOLOGY OF GINGER
4. Anti-viral effects
Ginger extracts show inhibitory activity against Rhino viruses
Mainly Beta-Sesquiphillandrene
PHARMACOLOGY OF GINGER
5. Anti-Ulcerogenic
Protetive effect of ginger powder against aspirin induced ulcers in rats
Mainly shogaol and gingerol also beta sesquiphellandrene, beta bisasolene
Yonago Acta medica 2011;54:11–19
PHARMACOLOGY OF GINGER
5. Anti-Migraine
Efficacy of ginger powder comparitive to that of sumatriptan in migraine patients
PHARMACOLOGY OF GINGER
6. Anti-inflammatory
Powdered ginger-RA
Ginger extract- OA
Shogaol – CFA arthritis (A. levy, 2006)
6-SHOGAOL levy et al
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE :
C17H24O3
n=4
CHEMICAL FAMILY: PHENOLIC ACIDS
CONCENTRATION IN FRACTION2=0.089 mg/ml
Fig.1 The effect of ginger oil on knee swelling in rat adjuvant arthritis model
post injection time (days)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
ch
an
ge
in
kn
ee c
irc
um
fre
nc
e (
mm
)
0
2
4
6
8
10
ginger oil treated animals
controls
*P=0.002
*
CARTILAGE STRUCTURE – NORMAL ANIMAL
CARTILAGE STRUCTURE- SHOGAOL
CARTILAGE STRUCTURE-CONTROL ANIMAL
Bliddal. H, et al (2000)- significant alleviation of pain inosteoarthritis by ginger extract.
Sharma. JN et al(1994)*- ginger oil caused significant suppression of both paw and joint swelling in chronic adjuvant arthritis
Srivastava, et al(1992)-powdered ginger inhibited pain and swelling in patients with RA.
These investigations reported inhibition of Cox enzymes and lipoxygenases as a possible route of gingers anti- inflammatory action.From these reports there seems to be a high probability that ginger may be a useful source of compounds with antagonistic propertiesagainst pro-inflammatory agents .
EXISTING LITERATURE
GINGER IS USED WORLDWIDE AS A SPICE
dried ginger is usually sold in form of an off-white to very light brown powder.
Ginger leaves are occasionally used for flavouring in ginger producing countries
Description: 5% gingerols
Size: 60ct 250mg
Serving Size: 1 Capsule