Linda Galloway, Librarian

June 2, 2016

Search & Cite with style!

Pharmacy students toiling with research…

www.theguardian.com gsabusiness.com

There is a better way! Defining a research topic

Searching PubMed Search strategies using MeSH Evaluating literature

Intro to Endnote Creating your EndNote library Saving citations Generating a bibliography

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http://chapman.libguides.com/pharmacy

ASK ACQUIRE APPRAISEFormulate a researchable question, find relevant articles, and evaluate articles for suitability

Truths about Literature ResearchScientific knowledge builds on previous researchLiterature search will reveal seminal articles/authors in a field

A strong research proposal ALWAYS begins with awareness of what has been studied and what questions remain to be answered

ASKFormulate a researchable question

Defining a researchable question…1. Choose a topic that interests you2. Gain a working knowledge of your topic3. Identify areas of further research – controversies,

unanswered questions4. Develop your research question5. Write your introduction or thesis statement – what do

you want to accomplish with this research?

Defining a researchable question…1. Choose a topic that interests you

Medical marijuana2. Gain a working knowledge of your topic

Micromedex, Natural Medicines DB, other tertiary sources 3. Identify areas of further research – controversies,

unanswered questions PubMed, Web of Science, most current research

4. Develop your research question Consult with your advisor, remember to edit if you need to!

5. Write your introduction or thesis statement – what do you want to accomplish with this research? What do you want to prove/disprove and how will you do it?

ACQUIREFind relevant articles

Specialized Databases PubMed

Database from the National Library of Medicine that includes MEDLINE citations in the areas of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, public health, allied healths. Provides links to some full text articles.

SciFinder Research discovery tool that provides access to research from many

scientific disciplines, including biomedical sciences, chemistry, engineering, etc.

Web of Science Scholarly literature in the sciences, social sciences, arts, and humanities.

Navigate with cited reference searching and author finders

Developing a search strategy1. Define a researchable question 2. Find background information – use a tertiary source3. Develop a search strategy using keywords and

phrases4. Search, and refine search terms as you retrieve results5. Use the tools in the database to help with your search!6. Evaluate the results obtained, and further refine if

necessary

Remote Access to Library Resources

Almost all electronic resources are available off campus via our proxy server

Log on once and until you close your browser are recognized as Chapman student

Navigate to databases/resources via the Libraries website so you are recognized as an affiliated person

Entering search terms in PubMed Don’t use any punctuation until you have tried your

search first PubMed inserts AND between all terms The more terms you enter, the more specific your

search will be Search term hierarchy (Automatic Term Mapping):

Subjects (using the Medical Subject Headings) Journals Authors

PubMed automatically searches for phrases during Automatic Term Mapping

How does marijuana ingestion interact with orlistat taken for weight loss?

How did PubMed interpret my search??

MeSH headings from a review article

MeSH Terms are magical!

Full text of PubMed articles

APPRAISEEvaluate literature for relevancy

Evidence-based Medicine Ask: Convert the need for information into an answerable

question. Acquire: Track down the best evidence with which to answer that

question. Appraise: Critically appraise that evidence for its validity and

applicability. Apply: Integrate the critical appraisal with clinical expertise and

with the patient's unique biology, values, and circumstances. Evaluate: Evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency in executing

steps 1-4 and seek ways to improve them both for next time.

Quality of evidence – filtered (or evaluated)

1. A systematic review is a comprehensive survey of a topic in which all of the primary studies of the highest level of evidence  have been systematically identified, appraised and then summarized according to an explicit and reproducible methodology.

2. Critically-appraised topics – evidence is synthesized and presented for practitioners by experts in the field.

3. Critically-appraised articles - original research article reviews, debate, & commentary.

Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries: Resources. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/guides/ebm_resources.shtml. Accessed April 29, 2016.

Quality of evidence - unfiltered4. A randomized controlled study is one in

which there are two groups, one treatment group and one control group. The treatment group receives the treatment under investigation, and the control group receives either no treatment or some standard default treatment. Patients are randomly assigned to all groups.

5. A cohort study involves two groups (cohorts) of patients, one which received the exposure of interest, and one which did not, and following these cohorts forward for the outcome of interest.

6. Case studies/series/reports describe a series of patients with an outcome of interest without using a control group.

7. Background information and expert opinion can be found in textbooks, opinions of respected authorities and information based on clinical experience

Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries: Resources. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/guides/ebm_resources.shtml. Accessed April 29, 2016.

Introduction to citation managers What they are, what they doCreate your endnote librarySave citations

What do these tools do? Create collections of articles, books, webpages (and lots more)

for use in research Format and create bibliographies using a particular citation

style Link to the source materials Store the source materials Insert in-text citations and bibliography entries while writing in

Microsoft Word  Collaborate and share collections with others

Citation Management ToolsAsk your professor, advisor or lab director which tool they prefer…

EndNote – Web version (lite) free & available through Web of Science; can also purchase more robust desktop version

Zotero – open source citation manager Mendeley – open source citation manager and discovery

tool

http://chapman.libguides.com/citations 29

Add citations from PubMed to your EndNote Library Open up your EndNote library by logging in via this link

EndNote OR by accessing via the research guide: http://chapman.libguides.com/endnote

Conduct your search in PubMed and save citations of interest to your ‘Clipboard’

Export the clipboard to your EndNote library by following directions on the next few slides

Check that your citations have correctly imported and create a ‘Group’ (folder, or collection) of these citations

Select the citation(s) and Send to -> Clipboard then Add to Clipboard

To add citations to EndNote, click the Send to menu at the upper right corner of your results or Clipboard.  Select Citation manager.  Then, click the Create File button. 

Login to EndNote, select Collect and Import References

Browse for the file, Import Option is PubMed and choose destination folder

Reference(s) should import smoothly

EndNote works differently on computers with various software versions and operating systems. Consult this guide for help with EndNote: http://chapman.libguides.com/endnote

Find American Medical Association (AMA) citation style – here it is JAMA

Create your bibliography in JAMA style

1. Brooks SV, Bigelow S. Preparing students for research: faculty/librarian collaboration in a pre-doctoral physical therapy research course. Health Info Libr J. 2015;32(4):332-338.

2. Devraj R, Butler LM, Gupchup GV, Poirier TI. Active-Learning Strategies to Develop Health Literacy Knowledge and Skills. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 2010;74(8).

Always check your citations to make sure they are correct – JAMA style requires abbreviated journal titles….2. Devraj R, Butler LM, Gupchup GV, Poirier TI. Active-Learning Strategies to Develop Health Literacy Knowledge and Skills. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 2010;74(8).In this case, the journal title was not properly abbreviated. I need to check the correct abbreviation using JOURNALS IN NCBI DATABASES website in PubMed; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals

2. Devraj R, Butler LM, Gupchup GV, Poirier TI. Active-Learning Strategies to Develop Health Literacy Knowledge and Skills. Am J Pharm Educ. 2010;74(8).

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My NCBI Save searches Receive email when new articles matching search are

indexed in PubMed Many more features!

All students search for articles in PubMed, populate your EndNote Library and create a bibliography of at least 5 articles.

Questions?