PHASE II PLAN & STATUS OF THEGLOBAL HUMAN BODY MODELSCONSORTIUMJenne-Tai Wang, General Motors

2014 Government & Industry Meeting, Jan. 22 – 24, 2014, Washington, DC

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• An international consortium of automakers & suppliers working withresearch institutes and government agencies to advance human bodymodeling technologies for crash simulations.

Introduction of GHBMC

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Toward HBM-aided Vehicle Crash Safety

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GHBMC Business and R&D Plan

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Funding SourcesMembership & Participation feesGovernment sponsorship and model licensing fees

Phase I (2006 – 2011)NHTSA Cooperative Agreement DTN22-09-H-00273Deliverables:• M50 occupant CAD model and FE model in LS-Dyna,

PamCrash and Radioss• Medical image data for F05, F50, M50, M95

Phase II (2012 – 2017)NHTSA Cooperative Agreement DTN22-13-H-00425Deliverables:• 5 CAD models + (Enhanced M50 occ. model + 12 FE models)

in LS-Dyna, PamCrash, Radioss

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Established Six COEs (Centers of Expertise)

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Full Body Model COE

Virginia TechHongik University

Lower ExtremitiesModel COE

University of Alabama

Thorax Model COENeck Model COE

Abdomen Model COE

Head Model COE

Virginia Tech

CEESARUniversity of

Waterloo

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Timeline & Major Milestones of Phase I

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GHBMC Phases I & II Deliverables

GHBMC

Occupant

SimplifiedModels

DetailedModels

Pedestrian

F5

M95

M50

6-yo

F5

M95

M50

F5

M95

M50

F5

M95

M50

Occupant

Pedestrian

Phase I Phase II

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Evolvement of GHBMC Modeling Approach

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Phase II Master Schedule for CAD & LS-Dyna Models Development

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Tasks , Project Quarters Q1 Q3 Q5 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q19 Q21

1.0 M50 Model Development Work1.1.1 Enhanced detailed M50 occupant models - FBM COE1.1.2. Enhanced detailed M50 occupant models - BRM COE1.2. M50 pedestrian CAD models1.3. Simplified M50 pedestrian models1.4. Simplified M50 occupant models1.5. Detailed M50 pedestrian models2.0 F5 Model Development Work2.1. F5 occupant & pedestrian CAD models2.2. Detailed F5 occupant model - FBM COE2.3. Detailed F5 occupant model - BRM COE -

2.4. Simplified F5 pedestrian model (scaled from M50 model)2.5. Simplified F5 occupant model2.6. Detailed F5 pedestrian models3.0 M95 Model Development Work3.1. M95 occupant & pedestrian CAD models3.2. Detailed M95 occupant model (scaled from M50) - FBM COE w/refinement using M95 CAD3.3. Detailed M95 occupant model (scaled from M50) - BRM COE w/refinement using M95 CAD3.4. Simplified M95 pedestrian model (scaled from M50 model)3.5. Simplified M95 occupant model (scaled from M50 model)3.6. Detailed M95 pedestrian model (scaled from M50 model includingdata from CAD as necessary)4.0 6 yr-old Child Model Development Work4.1. Simplified 6 yr-old child pedestrian model (scaled from M50 model)

20132012Q2 Q4

-

2014 2015 2016 2017Q6 Q10 Q14 Q18 Q20

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Growth Forecast of GHBMC Model Family by Year

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Growth Forecast of GHBMC Model Family by Year

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Growth Forecast of GHBMC Model Family by Year

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Growth Forecast of GHBMC Model Family by Year

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Growth Forecast of GHBMC Model Family by Year

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• M50 v4.1• 2.2M elements• 1.3M nodes• “0” Intersection• 76.9 kg

GHBMC M50 Occupant Model

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Crash-Induced Injury (CII) Prediction Capability

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• To assess the injury prediction capability of GHBMC models, we haveestablished 7 capability levels as defined below:

Level Capability Subcategories

0Model detail sufficient, test data available, injury mechanismunderstood, correlation carried out

1Model detail sufficient, test data available, injury mechanismunderstood, but validation work is incomplete or inconclusive

2 Model detail sufficient, but test data unavailable or insufficient

3Model detail insufficient, test data available, additionalmodeling should help predict this CII

4Model detail insufficient, test data unavailable; additionalmodeling effort and test data should help predict this CII

5 Injury mechanism needs some more investigation

6 Injury mechanism needs extensive additional investigation

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M50 Model v4.1 – CII Capability: Level “0”

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Main Sub

Head Skull Fracture Cortical Layer, Diploe Layer, Vault, Base 0Head Facial Bone Fracture 0Neck Intervertebral Disc Disc Injury 0Neck Ligament Injury 0Thorax Rib Cage Injuries Rib Fracture 0Abdomen Solid Organ Injury Liver Injury 0Abdomen Solid Organ Injury Spleen Injury 0Plex Pelvis Pelvis, pubic rami fracture 0Plex Pelvis Pelvis, hip fracture 0Plex Thigh, Knee, Leg Proximal femur fracture 0Plex Thigh, Knee, Leg Mid-shaft femur fracture 0Plex Thigh, Knee, Leg Distal femur fracture 0Plex Foot Calcaneus fracture 0Plex Foot Talus fracture 0Plex Foot Ankle and sub-talar joint injury 0

Body RegionCrash-Induced Injury (CII) Description GHBMC

M50Capability

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M50 Model v4.1 – CII Capability: Level 1 and/or 2 (1/2)

Main Sub

Head Acute Subdural Hematoma Bridging Vein Rupture 1Head Cerebral Contusion Cerebral Injury 1-2Head Diffuse Axonal Injury Cerebrum, cerebellum, mid-brain injury 1-2Neck Cervical Spine Injury Vertebral & Odontoid Fracture 2Neck Cervical Spine Injury Facet Fracture 2Thorax Pectoral Girdle Injuries Clavicle Fracture 1-2Thorax Pectoral Girdle Injuries Scapular Fracture 1-2Thorax Lung/Pleural Cavity Injuries Pulmonary Contusion 1-2Thorax Rib Cage Injuries Sternal Fracture 1-2Thorax Rib Cage Injuries Costal Cartilage 1-2Thorax Rib Cage Injuries Flail Chest 2Thorax Upper Extremity Injuries Humeral Fracture 1-2Thorax Upper Extremity Injuries Radius Fracture 1-2Thorax Upper Extremity Injuries Ulna Fracture 1-2Thorax Heart/Greater Vessel Injury Aortic Laceration/Rupture 1-2Thorax Heart/Greater Vessel Injury Heart Crush/Avulsion/Laceration 1-2Thorax Other Diaphragmatic Injury 1-2

Body RegionCrash-Induced Injury (CII) Description GHBMC

M50Capability

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M50 Model v4.1 – CII Capability: Level 1 and/or 2 (2/2)

Main Sub

Abdomen Solid Organ Injury Kidney Injury 1-2Abdomen Solid Organ Injury Pancreatic Injury 2Abdomen Blood Vessels Aorta Failure 1-2Abdomen Blood Vessels Vena Cava Failure 1-2Abdomen Hollow Organ Injury Stomach Injury 2-3Abdomen Hollow Organ Injury Duodenum Injury 2-3Abdomen Hollow Organ Injury Jejunum Injury, Ileum Injury 2-3Abdomen Hollow Organ Injury Colon Injury 2-3Plex Pelvis Pelvis, pubic symphysis fracture 1-2Plex Pelvis Pelvis, sacro-iliac fracture 2-3Plex Thigh, Knee, Leg Knee ligament injury 1Plex Thigh, Knee, Leg Proximal Leg fracture 1Plex Thigh, Knee, Leg Mid-shaft leg fracture 1Plex Thigh, Knee, Leg Distal leg fracture 1Plex Thigh, Knee, Leg Meniscus injury 2Plex Foot Tibial plafond fracture 2Plex Foot Malleoli fracture 2

Body RegionCrash-Induced Injury (CII) Description GHBMC

M50Capability

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CII Coverage of GHBMC M50 Model based on 1998-2009NASS-CDS Data

• GHBMC M50 model is validated for38% of all crash-induced AIS2+ injuries13% AIS5+ injuries

• GHBMC M50 model is detailed enoughfor simulating

80% of all crash-induced AIS2+ injuries63% AIS5+ injuries

• Phase II targets CII capability equal orbetter than M50 Model

• Should additional funding becomeavailable in the future, we will

Conduct more validation work for Level1&2 CIIsIncrease the detail level of the model topredict Level 3&4 CIIs

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Free Academic Licenses to Institutions of Higher Education– Current GHBMC M50 Occupant Model v4.1 Users

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U. of Michigan

IIT Delhi

U. Of Technology - Sydney

U. Of Colorado - DenverTsinghua U.

Sogang U.California S. U. - LA

Medical C. of Wisconsin

Hongik U.Wayne S.U.

Wake Forest U. Valladolid U.

UVA

U. of Waterloo

Virginia Tech

U. Of Alabama

Chalmers U. of Technology

Texas Tech University Kyungil U.

INRIA

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Development Status of Phase II

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Development Status: 50th %ile Male Pedestrian CAD Model

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• Based on data from the averagemale subject used for the occupantmodel development

• Confirmed bone locations withexternal anthropometry landmarksand external surface data

• Soft tissues developed from medicalimages in the standing posture

• Posture will be adjusted for use inEuroNCAP pedestrian protocol

• Target delivery- CAD: April 2014- Simplified pedestrian

model: July 2014

M50 Standing

Organ and Muscle

MRI with pelvis andhip bone outline (red)

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Development Status: 5th %ile Female CAD Model

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1. Gordon et al. 1988 ANSUR 2. HIII 5th female dummyWFU IRB # 5705

• Recruited and scanned female whoclosely matched 5th female in heightand weight1,2

- 48.6 kg, 149.9 cm• Multi-modality scans used: MRI,

upright MRI, CT and externalanthropometry

• Segmented bones, fit to landmarks• Verified alignment with seated scan

data• Symmetrized bones• Target Delivery

• CAD (July 2014)• FEA model (mid-2015), includes

regional model developmentapproach as in Phase I

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Development Status: Simplified Occupant Models

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Less More

• Rapid run time (50x faster)• Rapid kinematics and kinetics• Modularity, ease of positioning• ATD type outputs• Target delivery M50 simplified

occupant (mid 2014)

• Version 4.1.1 delivered• Fine mesh and high biofidelity• Crash Induced Injury evaluation• Inputs from simplified model,

used to drive detailed model

Detailed GHBMC M50 OccupantSimplified GHBMC M50 Occupant

~2.0M deformableelements

~150k deformableelements

Modeling Detail Considered

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Development Status: Simplified Pedestrian Models

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• Target Application:- EuroNCAP pedestrian protection pre-test requirements

• Performance Requirements:- For vehicles with a deployable hood which requires kinematics &

inertial/contact load predictions using human body models- Required body sizes: F5, M50, M95 and 6 yr-old- A basis for hybrid models (to form models with mixed fine and coarse

body region models; e.g., with the detailed head model)• Modeling Approaches:

1. Create a M50 pedestrian CAD model (reuse a part of M50 occupantCAD model)

2. Create a simplified M50 pedestrian model (reuse a part of simplifiedM50 occupant model)

3. Scale the M50 model to create the other three different size models• Target Delivery: Q1 of 2015

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Development Status: Scaled M95 Occupant Model

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• Scaling approach used to rapidlydevelop models based on the M50model

• Leverage large amount of existingphase I data: external anthropometry,medical imaging data, in multiple bodysizes

• Facilitate comparisons betweenmodels (i.e. M50 & M95)

• Homologous landmarks from M50data placed on data from M95, thinplate splines used to morph

• Target delivery: mid 2014

Homologous surface landmarks

M50 M95

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GHBMC Contact Info

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• Membership & General Inquires- GHBMC Steering Committee Chairman – Mr. John Combest

(john.combest@nissan-usa.com)- GHBMC Steering Committee Assistant Chairman – Mr. Mark S. Torigian

(Mtorigian@hatci.com)- GHBMC Technical Committee Chairman – Dr. Jenne-Tai (J.T.) Wang

(jenne-tai.wang@gm.com)• Model Licenses & User Support

- Elemance, LLC – Dr. Joel Stitzel (joel.stitzel@elemance.com) andDr. Scott Gayzik (scott.gayzik@elemance.com)