Phases of Matterand

Phase Changes

HEAT

Heat is one form of ___________________

Other forms of energy include: Light Sound Nuclear Kinetic (energy of motion) Potential (stored energy)

HEAT

Heat is one form of ENERGY

Other forms of energy include: Light Sound Nuclear Kinetic (energy of motion) Potential (stored energy)

Heat is...

A measure of how much ____________ energy matter has

Particles with high heat are moving at a ____________ average speed

Particles with low heat are moving at a ___________ average speed

Heat is...

A measure of how much kinetic energy matter has

Particles with high heat are moving at a HIGH average speed

Particles with low heat are moving at a LOW average speed

Heat Transfer

When we talk about the transfer of heat, we are really talking about transferring ___________.

Heat always moves from the ____________ object to the _____________ object.

Heat Transfer

When we talk about the transfer of heat, we are really talking about transferring ENERGY

Heat always moves from the HOTTER object to the COOLER object.

Heat and the Motion of Molecules

When we add heat (energy to molecules), it does WHAT to their motion?

Heating water animation: http://mutuslab.cs.uwindsor.ca/schurko/ani

mations/waterphases/status_water.htm

Heat and the Motion of Molecules

When we add heat (energy to molecules), it does WHAT to their motion?

Heat increases the motion and energy level of the molecules

Heating water animation: http://mutuslab.cs.uwindsor.ca/schurko/ani

mations/waterphases/status_water.htm

Phases of Matter

There are four main phases of matter: Solid Liquid Gas ______________?

________ is the phase where molecules have the most energy

________ is the phase where molecules have the least energy

Phases of Matter

There are four main phases of matter: Solid Liquid Gas PLASMA...we will not study in depth, but technically

has the most energy

GAS is the phase where molecules have the most energy

SOLID is the phase where molecules have the least energy

Phases of Matter: Solid

Particles have little motion/energy; they are packed/joined together tightly

Particles are very organized Do NOT move to fit the shape of

their container and do not fill the container (they keep their original shape)

It is hard to compress orchange the shape of a solid

Phases of Matter: Liquid

Particles have more motion/energy; joined together more loosely

Particles WILL take on the shape of their container but will not fill it entirely

Molecules of a liquid like

to stick together. Liquids

are hard to compress.

Phases of Matter: Gases Particles have a great deal of

energy and do not stick together closely; they bounce around a lot!

WILL spread out to fill entire container and fit the shape of the container they are in

Gases=vapor Gases are easily

compressed

Phases of Matter: Plasma

Similar to gases, but made up of ions and electrons of an element

Examples: Northern lights, neon lights, stars

Require a special environment to exist

Phase Changes

A phase change is when we change from __________ state of matter to _____________________.

Example: _______________________

Phase Changes

A phase change is when we change from one state of matter to another

Example: A solid changing to a liquid

Phases of Matter

In the boxes below draw the three phases of matter. Use 20 molecules for each phase.

SOLID LIQUID GAS

Phases of Matter

http://mutuslab.cs.uwindsor.ca/schurko/animations/phasesofmatter/phasesofmatter.html

Names for Phase Changes

Solid to liquid: Liquid to gas: Solid to gas: Gas to liquid: Liquid to solid: Gas to solid:

Names for Phase Changes

Solid to liquid: MELTING Liquid to gas: VAPORIZATION/BOILING Solid to gas: SUBLIMATION Gas to liquid: CONDENSATION Liquid to solid: FREEZING Gas to solid: DEPOSITION

Names for Phase Changes

HIGH ENERGY: GAS

MEDIUM ENERGY: LIQUID

Low energy: solid

REMOVEENERGY

ADDENERGY

Phase Changes

To go to a state of matter involving MORE energy, we must ___________ energy. We can do this by _________ the substance.

Examples: If we heat ice (____), it will turn into water (______), and will eventually boil and turn into water vapor (_____)

Phase Changes

To go to a state of matter involving MORE energy, we must ADD energy. We can do this by HEATING the substance.

Examples: If we heat ice (solid), it will turn into water (liquid), and will eventually boil and turn into water vapor (gas)

Phase Changes

To go to a state of matter involving LESS energy, we must ___________ energy. We can do this by _________ the substance.

Examples: Water vapor (______) from your hot shower condenses on a cold mirror (________). If you leave a window open, it might turn into ice droplets (________).

Phase Changes

To go to a state of matter involving LESS energy, we must REMOVE energy. We can do this by COOLING the substance.

Examples: Water vapor (gas) from your hot shower condenses on a cold mirror (liquid). If you leave a window open, it might turn into ice droplets (solid).

Check your understanding

What are the three main states of matter?

__________ ___________ ___________ List these three states of matter from the state

with the LEAST amount of energy to the state with the MOST energy:

___________ ___________ ___________ To go from a gas to a liquid, would you need to

ADD energy (heat) or RELEASE energy (cool)?

____________________

Check your understanding What are the three main states of matter?

___GAS___ ___LIQUID___ ___SOLID___

List these three states of matter from the state with the LEAST amount of energy to the state with the MOST energy:

___SOLID___ ___LIQUID___ ___GAS___

To go from a gas to a liquid, would you need to ADD energy (heat) or RELEASE energy (cool)?

___RELEASE___

Melting Points and Boiling Points are Properties of Matter

We observed that water __________ at 0 degrees Celsius

We observed that water ________ at 100 degrees Celsius

Water’s natural state at room temperature (25 degrees Celsius) is as a __________

Melting Points and Boiling Points are Properties of Matter

We observed that water MELTS/FREEZES at 0 degrees Celsius

We observed that water BOILS/CONDENSES at 100 degrees Celsius

Water’s natural state at room temperature (25 degrees Celsius) is as a LIQUID

Different Substances will have Different Boiling Points and Melting

Points

What is the natural state of oxygen at room temperature?

Could we condense nitrogen? Could we freeze nitrogen?

Can you name three substances that are solids at room temperature?

Check your Understanding

Why are melting points and boiling points considered to be properties of matter?

Can you look at a Phase Change Graph and tell at which temperature the substance begins melting and begins boiling?

Phase Change Graphs

Phase Change Graphs