phd seminar presentation
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Taxonomical, Ecophysiological and Taxonomical, Ecophysiological and Phytochemical Studies Phytochemical Studies
onon Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L. L.
and and Desmodium tortuosumDesmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC. (Sw.) DC.
Presented byPresented by
Fatma AbdFatma Abd--Allah Mohamed HamadaAllah Mohamed Hamada
![Page 4: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Supervised bySupervised by
ProfProf. . Mohamed GMohamed G. . Sheded ProfSheded Prof. . Arafa I. Arafa I. HamedHamed
Prof. of Plant Ecology Prof. of Plant Ecology Prof. of Prof. of PhytochemistryPhytochemistry
Botany Department Botany Botany Department Botany DepartmentDepartment Faculty of Faculty of Science Science
Faculty ofFaculty of Science Science AswanAswan University Aswan University University Aswan University
Late DrLate Dr. . Abdel Samai MAbdel Samai M. . ShaheenShaheenAssistant ProfAssistant Prof. . ofof Taxonomy and FloraTaxonomy and Flora
Botany DepartmentBotany DepartmentFaculty ofFaculty of Science atScience at AswanAswan
AswanAswan UniversityUniversity
DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE, DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE, OF ASWANOF ASWAN UNIVERSITY FOR THE DEGREE OFUNIVERSITY FOR THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHYDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHYASWAN UNIVERSITYASWAN UNIVERSITY
![Page 5: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Part 1Part 1
Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L. L.
![Page 7: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Local DistributionLocal Distribution
![Page 8: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Shoot
Another shoot
A B
Vertical main root
Underground lateral connection
Shoot
Underground lateral connection (root lateral)
A) A) Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L. Root L. Root . .
![Page 9: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
A) A) Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L. Middle-Aged Root. B) Old Root L. Middle-Aged Root. B) Old Root (Bar = 0.05 mm)(Bar = 0.05 mm)..
AB
![Page 10: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
B
C
D
E
F
A
Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L. Stem L. Stem
![Page 11: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L. Trichomes L. Trichomes
A B
![Page 12: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L. Leaf L. Leaf
A
C D
B
![Page 13: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Solanum diphyllum Solanum diphyllum L. PetioleL. Petiole
![Page 14: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Analysis of Different MetabolitesAnalysis of Different Metabolites
![Page 16: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Solanum diphyllum Solanum diphyllum L. StomataL. Stomata
A B
![Page 17: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Solanum diphyllum Solanum diphyllum L.L. Pollen GrainPollen Grain
![Page 18: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Solanum diphyllum Solanum diphyllum L. SeedL. Seed
![Page 19: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
In vitroIn vitro Cytotoxicity Test Cytotoxicity Test
Using SBR AssayUsing SBR Assay Roo
t
Shoot
Fruit
![Page 20: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
PhytochemicalPhytochemical
![Page 21: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
11 H-NMR Spectrum of Compound H-NMR Spectrum of Compound 11 (600 MHz) (600 MHz)..
![Page 22: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
1313C-NMR Spectrum of Compound C-NMR Spectrum of Compound 11 (100 MHz) (100 MHz)..
![Page 23: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Structure of CompoundStructure of Compound 1 1..
(3 – O - {[α - L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-[α - L -rhamnopyranosyl- (1→2)]- β - D-glucopyranosyl} - (25R) furost -5- en- 3β, 22α, 26- triol -26- β- D- glucopyranoside).
![Page 24: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
11 H-NMR Spectrum of Compound H-NMR Spectrum of Compound 22 (600 MHz) (600 MHz)..
![Page 25: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
1313C-NMR Spectrum of Compound C-NMR Spectrum of Compound 22 (100 MHz) (100 MHz)..
![Page 26: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Structure of Compound Structure of Compound 22. .
(3 – O - {[α - L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-[α - L -rhamnopyranosyl- (1→2)]- β - D-glucopyranosyl} - (25R) furost -5- en- 3β, 22α, 26- triol -26- β- D- glucopyranoside).
![Page 27: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Full Mass Spectra for Compound 3 and 4 Using ESI Full Mass Spectra for Compound 3 and 4 Using ESI (Electro Spray Ionization)(Electro Spray Ionization)..
![Page 29: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
11 H-NMR Spectrum of Compound H-NMR Spectrum of Compound 33 (500 MHz) (500 MHz)..
![Page 30: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
1313 C-NMR Spectrum of Compound C-NMR Spectrum of Compound 33 (100 MHz) (100 MHz)..
![Page 31: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Detection of Solanum diphyllum L. Root Compounds Using Different Reagents on the Preparative TLC.
![Page 32: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Mass spectra for compound Mass spectra for compound 55 using ESI using ESI..
![Page 33: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Structure of Compound Structure of Compound 55..
3 – O - (β – D – glucopyranosyl) etioline [ (25S) - 22, 26 – epimino - 3β - ( β – D -glucopyrranosyloxy) cholesta – 5 , 22 (N) – dien – 16 α - ol)] (C33H53O7N).
![Page 34: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Mass spectra for compound Mass spectra for compound 66 using ESI using ESI..
![Page 35: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Structure of Compound Structure of Compound 66..
3 – O - (β – D – glucoronic acid) etioline [(25S)-22, 26 – epimino - 3β - (β-D-glucopyrranosyloxy) cholesta-5, 22 (N)-dien-16α-ol)] (C33H53O8N )
![Page 36: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
EcophysiologicalEcophysiological
![Page 37: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Effect of Light on Germination percentage ofEffect of Light on Germination percentage of Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L. under Different Light Periods L. under Different Light Periods
![Page 38: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Effect of Temperature on Germination Percentage of Effect of Temperature on Germination Percentage of SolanumSolanum
diphyllumdiphyllum L. Seeds at the End of the Experiment Period L. Seeds at the End of the Experiment Period
![Page 39: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Effect of Soil Texture Type and Planting Depth onEffect of Soil Texture Type and Planting Depth on S. S.
diphyllumdiphyllum L. Seed GerminationL. Seed Germination..
![Page 40: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
The Effect of Different Concentrations of PEG 6000, and NaCl on The Effect of Different Concentrations of PEG 6000, and NaCl on
Seed Germination of Seed Germination of Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L L..
![Page 41: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
The Effect of Different Concentrations of PEG 6000, The Effect of Different Concentrations of PEG 6000,
and NaCl onand NaCl on Root/Shoot Ratio ofRoot/Shoot Ratio of S. diphyllumS. diphyllum L L..
![Page 42: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Analysis of Certain Analysis of Certain Metabolites ofMetabolites of
Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L. L.
SeedsSeeds
![Page 43: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
PART 2PART 2 Desmodium tortuosumDesmodium tortuosum
![Page 44: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Local DistributionLocal Distribution
![Page 45: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Different Shapes of Desmodium tortuosum Root.
![Page 46: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
T.S in T.S in Desmodium tortuosumDesmodium tortuosum Root Root..
![Page 47: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
T.S inT.S in Desmodium tortuosumDesmodium tortuosum Stem Stem
![Page 48: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
T.S inT.S in Desmodium tortuosum Desmodium tortuosum PulvinusPulvinus
![Page 49: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
T.S inT.S in Desmodium tortuosum Desmodium tortuosum PetiolePetiole
![Page 50: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Desmodium Desmodium tortuosum tortuosum TrichomesTrichomes
![Page 51: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Desmodium tortuosumDesmodium tortuosum Pollen GrainPollen Grain
![Page 52: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Stomata onStomata on D. tortuosumD. tortuosum Leaf Leaf
![Page 53: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
T.S inT.S in D. tortuosumD. tortuosum Leaf Leaf..
![Page 54: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Desmodium tortuosumDesmodium tortuosum Fruit Fruit.. A
B C
![Page 55: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Desmodium tortuosum Desmodium tortuosum SeedSeed..
![Page 56: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
In vitroIn vitro Cytotoxicity Test Cytotoxicity Test Using SBR AssayUsing SBR Assay
![Page 57: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Screening for Antimicrobial Activity
Screening for Antimicrobial Activity
![Page 58: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Antimicrobial Activity as Mean Zone of Inhibition (mm ± SD) Antimicrobial Activity as Mean Zone of Inhibition (mm ± SD) of the Tested of the Tested Desmodium tortuosumDesmodium tortuosum Extract Samples Against Extract Samples Against
the Tested Microorganismsthe Tested Microorganisms..
![Page 59: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Antimicrobial Activity as MICs (μg/ml) of Tested Antimicrobial Activity as MICs (μg/ml) of Tested Desmodium Desmodium
tortuosumtortuosum Extract Samples Against Tested Microorganisms Extract Samples Against Tested Microorganisms..
![Page 60: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
PhytochemicalPhytochemical
![Page 61: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
11H-NMR Spectrum of Compound H-NMR Spectrum of Compound 11′′..
![Page 62: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Mass Spectrum of Compound 1Mass Spectrum of Compound 1′′..
![Page 63: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Structure ofStructure of Compound Compound 11. . ′′
7-methoxy- apegenin- 6-C- glucopyranosyl-O- β- (2″→1‴)- glucopyranoside (Spinosin).
![Page 64: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Mass Spectrum of Compound 2Mass Spectrum of Compound 2′′..
![Page 65: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Preliminary Structure ofPreliminary Structure of Compound Compound 22. . ′′
Spirosolane-3-O-glycopyranoside
![Page 66: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
EcophysiologicalEcophysiological
![Page 67: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Germination Percentage atGermination Percentage at Seed Seed Different Pre-Different Pre-Treatment Methods Treatment Methods ( Release of Dormancy).( Release of Dormancy).
![Page 68: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
D. tortuosumD. tortuosum Seed Structure Seed Structure A) Cuticle Layer and the Proposed Cracks in theA) Cuticle Layer and the Proposed Cracks in the D. tortuosumD. tortuosum Seed Seed
Epidermis.Epidermis.
B) Hilum, Micopyle and Strophiolar Fissure of B) Hilum, Micopyle and Strophiolar Fissure of D. tortuosumD. tortuosum Seed. Seed.
![Page 69: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
![Page 70: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Effect of Temperature on Effect of Temperature on Desmodium tortuosumDesmodium tortuosum Seed GerminationSeed Germination..
![Page 71: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Germination Percentage of Germination Percentage of D. tortuosumD. tortuosum under under Different Light PeriodsDifferent Light Periods..
![Page 72: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
SeedSeed Germination Percentages of Germination Percentages of D. tortuosumD. tortuosum in in Different Soil Types and Soil DepthsDifferent Soil Types and Soil Depths
![Page 73: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
The Effect of Different Concentrations of PEG 6000 and The Effect of Different Concentrations of PEG 6000 and NaCl on Seed Germination of NaCl on Seed Germination of D. tortuosumD. tortuosum..
![Page 74: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Analysis of Certain Metabolites in Analysis of Certain Metabolites in D. tortuosumD. tortuosum SeedSeed
![Page 75: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
PublicationsPublications
![Page 76: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
PublicationsPublications
![Page 77: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
AcknowledgementsMy gratitude to all whose support has contributed to
this work.
![Page 78: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
it is your turn, guys!it is your turn, guys! NowNow,,
![Page 79: PhD seminar presentation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/549037beb47959dc6a8b4ad9/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Thank you very much for your attention, and hopefully you enjoyed it.
شــــــكراً جزيالً