phdlinux: a linux crash course for phd students
DESCRIPTION
A linux crash course for PhD Students, covering the basics of Linux and providing the knowledge needed to start with a distro installation.TRANSCRIPT
Davide Eynard David Laniado
[email protected] [email protected]
PhDLinux: a Linux crash course for PhD Students
2
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
Introduction Which distro? Linux basics Our first installation And now? Conclusions
Table of contents
3
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
Richard Stallman and the Free Software
1983: GNU project (GNU's Not Unix)1985: Free Software Foundation
Free as in freedomas in “free speech”, not “free beer”
1989: General Public License (GPL)copyleft -> to protect sw freedom
0. Freedom to run the program for any purpose.
1. Freedom to study and modify the program.
2. Freedom to copy the program so you can help your neighbor.
3. Freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits.
4
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
Linus Torvalds and the Linux kernel
1991: “Just for fun”, Linus Torvalds, a finnish young student, decides to develop the linux kernel
Hello everybody out there using minix -
I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones.
Linus shares his code on the internet: hundreds of users-developers begin to collaborate
1992: Linux under the GNU GPL licence1994: release 1.0, 500.000 users
5
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
The Cathedral and the Bazaar
• “experts”• hierarchy• isolation
• “users-developers”• decentralization• collaboration• sharing• natural selection of ideas
6
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
Linux distros
7
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
Some Linux basics
There are some concepts you should be aware of, even before your very first installation:
filesystem and devices the shell apps and packages
8
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
Filesystem and devices
Devices: everything's a file• Hard disks: hda, hdb, sda1, ...• Network cards: eth0, wlan1, ...• Other devices: usbdev, stdin, null, ...
Filesystem structure
Linux as a multiuser system: permissions and sudo
9
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
The Linux shell
the login help!
• man
• try to write ”commandname help”
main file commands• ls, cd, cp, mv, rm, mkdir, rmdir, touch
view/edit• cat, more, less, vi, grep
processes• top, ps, kill
archive• tar, gzip, bzip
10
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
Applications and packages
applications are packaged, and (almost) every distro has its own package format
• ours is .deb different tools are used to manage packages
• shell is power, learn apt-get, dselect or aptitude apt-get
• apt-cache search name• apt-get install name• apt-get remove name• apt-get update• apt-get dist-upgrade
11
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
Ubuntu installation
12
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
... and now?
Once the system is installed, you can: see what's inside it configure your apps install new software
Need help? Ubuntu Guide Ubuntu Forums Windows replacements
13
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
Software configuration – old skool
14
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
Software configuration – new skool
15
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
Software installation
Add/Remove apps
Synaptics
16
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
Synaptics: add repositories
choose “partner” repository add: deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ hardy free non-free
see also: http://www.medibuntu.org/
17
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
Software installation
Internet software• Thunderbird, Opera, Azureus, Amule• GFTP, XChat, Skype
Write papers• LaTeX and Kyle
Scientific software• Abaqus, Labview, Matlab, MSC Patran for Linux• Scilab, GNUplot
Development• Eclipse
... add your software here• Still need windows apps? Try Wine!
18
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
Matlab installation
or: here's how things work here ;-)
get ISO at http://cdserver.cia.polimi.it/iso/matlab/unix
the file is a multipart RAR archive: uncompress it withunrar x Matlab_2007b_linux_mac_solaris_nov2007_3001.rar.part1.exe
once you have the ISO, you can burn it or mount it on your current filesystem
mkdir tmpsudo mount -o loop Matlab_2007b_linux_mac_solaris_nov2007_3001.iso tmp/
for the license file, remember to use the very last version!(it has been sent to us by email recently)
19
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
So, now?
Gaining a full knowledge of Linux in a couple of hours is pretty difficult.We hope that now, at least:
you have an idea about what Linux is you have some curiosity towards it you are able to get started with an easy distro you know there's other people here at DEI using it
... why don't we network and share info and help about Linux?
20
Davide Eynard – David LaniadoDEI
Conclusions
Questions? ;)