phenological variation and frost damage in a european beech provenance trial dušan gömöry &...
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Phenological variation and frost damage in a European beech
provenance trial
Dušan Gömöry & Ladislav Paule
Technical University in Zvolen, Faculty of Forestry, TG Masaryka 24, SK-96053 Zvolen, Slovakia
European beech provenance trial 1995 and 1998(coordinated by Federal Forestry Research Institute,Grosshansdorf, Germany)
Provenances
Trial plots
S2 > 100 seed sources
S1 < 100 seed sources
Provenances represented in the Slovak trial plot
HeightSurvivalBudburst phenology (01/04–01/06, 13 dates)
1. dormant buds2. buds swollen and elongated3. buds begin to burst, first green is visible4. folded and hairy leaves begin to appear5. individually visible folded and hairy leaves6. leaves unfolded, still fan-shaped, pale scales present7. leaves unfolded, smooth and bright
Autumn discoloration (05/09–01/11, 6 dates)1. green leaves2. beginning of autumn coloured of individual leaves3. beginning of autumn leaves colouring on a mass scale (5-
10 % of leaves coloured)4. mass autumn leaves colouring (about 50 % of leaves coloured)5. completed leaves colouring6. leaves started to be brown and dried.
Frost damage (23/04, 01/05)0. no damaged leaves (less than 5%)1. < 1/3 of leaves damaged2. < 2/3 of leaves damaged3. < 95% leaves damaged4. all leaves (> 95%) damaged
Scoredtraits
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
day
phen
olog
ical
sta
ge
sigmoid
data
center
width
2
21widthcenterday
pheno
tanh
Phenological stages fitted to the sigmoid function
assessed: mid stage duration
Vegetation period = mid stage cessation (Julian day) – mid stage flushing (Julian day)
Variable Height Diameter
d0.2
Frost damage
Flushing
mid stage
-0.342***
-0.195
-0.236***
-0.152
-0.786***
-0.903***
Flushing
duration
0.068**
0.211
0.111***
0.340*
-0.065**
0.004
Cessation
mid stage
0.217***
0.431**
0.290***
0.392*
NA
Cessation
duration
0.066**
0.020
0.137***
0.074
NA
Vegetation
period
0.462***
0.504***
0.414***
0.429**
NA
Frost damage 0.147***
0.045
0.045*
0.051
NA
Results Correlations (single tree level / provenance level)
Results Rangewide altitudinal trends in adaptive traits
Flushing mid stage = 36.05 – .0075 alt P<.0001 R2=.287Cessation mid stage = 40.75 – .0036 alt P=.0006 R2=.119Cessation duration = 44.28 – .0091 alt P<.0001 R2=.413Frost damage = .311 + .00087 alt P<.0001 R2=.290
No significant models for survival and flushing durationNo significant non-linear models
Results Rangewide geographic trends
Frost damageFlushing mid-stageFlushing durationCessation mid-stageCessation durationSurvivalVegetation period flush_dur = –10.149 + 1.593*flush_mid – 0.025*flush_mid2
max = 127.44 days P=0.0001 R2=0.1829
cess_dur = 20.913 + 0.472 cess_midP<0.0001 R2=0.0947
Results Rangewide geographic trends
00.005
0.010.015
0.020.025
0.030.035
0.040.045
0.05
0 200 400 600 800 1000
distance class (m)
Va
r (s
urv
iva
l)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 200 400 600 800 1000
distance class (m)
Va
r (f
lus
hin
g_
mid
sta
ge
)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 200 400 600 800 1000
distance class (m)
Va
r (f
lus
hin
g_
du
rati
on
)
02468
101214161820
0 200 400 600 800 1000
distance class (m)
Va
r (c
es
sa
tio
n_
mid
sta
ge
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 200 400 600 800 1000
distance class (m)
Va
r (c
es
sa
tio
n_
du
rati
on
)SurvivalDay of leaf-discoloration mid-stageDuration of flushingDuration of leaf discolorationDay of flushing mid-stage
Conclusions
• stationary patterns rather than rangewide geographic trends in most traits• flushing date is the main determinant of late frost damage