pheromones tami kopperud catherine miller jacqueline sheppard

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Pheromones Pheromones Tami Kopperud Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard Jacqueline Sheppard

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Page 1: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

PheromonesPheromones

Tami KopperudTami Kopperud

Catherine MillerCatherine Miller

Jacqueline SheppardJacqueline Sheppard

Page 2: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

Definition:Definition:

Chemicals produced and emitted by Chemicals produced and emitted by animals and plants as messengers animals and plants as messengers that affect the behavior of other that affect the behavior of other individuals of the same species.individuals of the same species.

Derived from Greek words Derived from Greek words phereinpherein, , to transfer and to transfer and hormonhormon, to excite., to excite.

Page 3: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

Who uses them?Who uses them?

InsectsInsects - Moths - Moths Other Invertebrates – Spiders, AntsOther Invertebrates – Spiders, Ants Vertebrates – Mice, GoldfishVertebrates – Mice, Goldfish Other animalsOther animals

Page 4: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

What are the messages for?What are the messages for?

Finding a MateFinding a Mate Taking Advantage of Food Taking Advantage of Food

Resources – Resources – AggregationAggregation

Defense Against PredationDefense Against Predation Social BehaviorsSocial Behaviors

Page 5: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

ForagingForaging

Imported Red Fire Ant (Imported Red Fire Ant (Solenopsis Solenopsis invictainvicta))

Uses a complex trail pheromone in Uses a complex trail pheromone in order to find foodorder to find food

First ant on the scene finds foodFirst ant on the scene finds food Releases pheromone to mark Releases pheromone to mark

the trail back to the nestthe trail back to the nest

Page 6: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

Other ants find the trail and follow it Other ants find the trail and follow it to the food sourceto the food source

Recruited ants leave a trail signal of Recruited ants leave a trail signal of their owntheir own

Value of food source judged by Value of food source judged by number of trailsnumber of trails

Good food = Lots of trailsGood food = Lots of trails

Page 7: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

The ant uses five The ant uses five different different pheromones:pheromones:

4-heptanone4-heptanone 2-methyl 4 heptanone2-methyl 4 heptanone 6-methyl-5 heptene-2-6-methyl-5 heptene-2-

oneone 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-

pentanonepentanone IridodialIridodial IridomyrmecinIridomyrmecin

6-methyl-5 hepten-2-one

Page 8: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

Prey CapturePrey Capture

Some animals mimic Some animals mimic pheromones to trick pheromones to trick prey prey

Bolas Spider Bolas Spider ((Mastophora Mastophora hutchinsonihutchinsoni) mimics ) mimics the mating pheromone the mating pheromone of the mothof the moth

When the male moth When the male moth searches for a suitable searches for a suitable female…female…

Page 9: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

The hungry spider is The hungry spider is waitingwaiting

No need to track No need to track food, food comes to food, food comes to youyou

The Bolas spider The Bolas spider mimics the sex mimics the sex pheromone of two pheromone of two different types of different types of mothsmoths

Page 10: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

Mating Mating

Goldfish have no defined territoriesGoldfish have no defined territories Females spawn among vegetationFemales spawn among vegetation Males fight in order to get close Males fight in order to get close

enough to fertilize the females’ eggsenough to fertilize the females’ eggs Pheromones are chemicals emitted to Pheromones are chemicals emitted to

communicate reproductive readiness communicate reproductive readiness and stimulate other behaviorsand stimulate other behaviors

Page 11: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

Female goldfish release two Female goldfish release two sets of pheromones ; sets of pheromones ; preovulatory and postovulatorypreovulatory and postovulatory

Male goldfish can discriminate Male goldfish can discriminate among the steroid components among the steroid components of preovulatory pheromones of preovulatory pheromones because each steroid elicits a because each steroid elicits a distinctive pattern of behaviordistinctive pattern of behavior

For 1720BP –low-level For 1720BP –low-level behavioral effects which last behavioral effects which last through exposure to the steroidthrough exposure to the steroid

For 1720BP-S –higher levels of For 1720BP-S –higher levels of courtship were seencourtship were seen

For androstenedione –For androstenedione –aggressive behavior was seen aggressive behavior was seen in males.in males.

Page 12: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

According to a study by According to a study by Dr. Poling, males Dr. Poling, males regulate seminal fluid regulate seminal fluid and sperm production and sperm production in response to in response to stimulatory stimulatory pheromones from pheromones from ovulatory females, but ovulatory females, but also in response to also in response to unknown stimulatory unknown stimulatory and inhibitory cues and inhibitory cues from male competitors.from male competitors.

Page 13: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

Dr. Olsen from Uppsalla Dr. Olsen from Uppsalla University in Sweden has University in Sweden has shown the crucian carp shown the crucian carp (closely related to the (closely related to the goldfish) share the same goldfish) share the same system with hormonal system with hormonal pheromones.pheromones.

Salmon also release odors Salmon also release odors which effect behavior, sex which effect behavior, sex hormone levels and sperm hormone levels and sperm volumes. volumes.

Dr. Olsen wants to see if Dr. Olsen wants to see if hormonal pheromones act hormonal pheromones act as barriers for hybridizationas barriers for hybridization

Page 14: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

Social BehaviorSocial Behavior

Mice use pheromones Mice use pheromones for social and for social and reproductive behaviorreproductive behavior

The main pheromones The main pheromones are 2-are 2-secsec-butyl-4,5--butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole dihydrothiazole

and 3,4-dehydro-exo-and 3,4-dehydro-exo-brevicominbrevicomin

Page 15: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

MUPsMUPs Pheromones are excreted in urine from mice Pheromones are excreted in urine from mice

bound to major urinary proteins (MUPs). bound to major urinary proteins (MUPs). MUPs are a group of semiochemical binding MUPs are a group of semiochemical binding

proteins that carry the mouse pheromones. proteins that carry the mouse pheromones. The MUP is made of a small protein and a The MUP is made of a small protein and a

ligand with room in the middle for the ligand with room in the middle for the pheromone molecule. pheromone molecule.

All parts of the MUP are considered to have All parts of the MUP are considered to have pheromonal affects.pheromonal affects.

Page 16: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

2-sec.butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole 2-sec.butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole represents an example of represents an example of mouse pheromones. The mouse pheromones. The molecule was found to bind to molecule was found to bind to proteins excreted into urine proteins excreted into urine (major urinary proteins).(major urinary proteins).

Among approximately of a Among approximately of a dozen of major urinary dozen of major urinary proteins, the protein classified proteins, the protein classified as MUP-I, is one of the most as MUP-I, is one of the most abundant. abundant.

Page 17: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

VNOVNO Vomeronasal organ (VNO) contains Vomeronasal organ (VNO) contains

receptor sites to detect pheromones.receptor sites to detect pheromones. Found in the nasal cavities of mice Found in the nasal cavities of mice

and many other animals.and many other animals. VNO is anatomically and functionally VNO is anatomically and functionally

distinct from the olfactory system distinct from the olfactory system

Page 18: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

Pheromones Modulate Pheromones Modulate Social & Reproductive Social & Reproductive

Behavior in MiceBehavior in Mice

Social BehaviorsSocial Behaviors Male vs. Male AggressionMale vs. Male Aggression Nursing Female vs. Mice Nursing Female vs. Mice

AggressionAggressionNavigation AidsNavigation Aids A mouse sniffing at urine A mouse sniffing at urine

scent "posts" left by scent "posts" left by another mouse. The scent another mouse. The scent marks of male mice appear marks of male mice appear to act as "scarecrows" in to act as "scarecrows" in the dark, when mice are the dark, when mice are normally active. normally active.

Page 19: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

BibliographyBibliography

    Solenopsis invicta (Red Fire Ant)   Solenopsis invicta (Red Fire Ant)   http://animaldiversity.ummzy.umich.edu/accounts/http://animaldiversity.ummzy.umich.edu/accounts/

The trail pheromone of the Red Imported Fire Ant The trail pheromone of the Red Imported Fire Ant www.zoo.utoronto.ca/zoo344s/groupe/www.zoo.utoronto.ca/zoo344s/groupe/

Chemical ecology in the red imported fire ant Chemical ecology in the red imported fire ant www.colostate.edu/Depts/Entomology/courses/en570/papers_1998/weeks.htmlwww.colostate.edu/Depts/Entomology/courses/en570/papers_1998/weeks.html

Hubbard P.C., Barata E.N., and Canario A.V.M, Possible disruption of pheromonal Hubbard P.C., Barata E.N., and Canario A.V.M, Possible disruption of pheromonal communication by humic acid in goldfish, Aquatic Toxicology, 60 (2002) 169-83. communication by humic acid in goldfish, Aquatic Toxicology, 60 (2002) 169-83. 

Poling, K.R., Fraser E.J., and Sorenson, P.W., The three steroidal components of the Poling, K.R., Fraser E.J., and Sorenson, P.W., The three steroidal components of the goldfish preovulatory pheromone signal evoke different behaviors, Comparative goldfish preovulatory pheromone signal evoke different behaviors, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B 129(2001) 645-51. Biochemistry and Physiology Part B 129(2001) 645-51. 

Stacey N., Fraser E.J, Sorenson, P., Van Der Kraak, G., Milt production in goldfish: Stacey N., Fraser E.J, Sorenson, P., Van Der Kraak, G., Milt production in goldfish: regulation by multiple social stimuli, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C regulation by multiple social stimuli, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C 130(2001) 467-76.130(2001) 467-76.

http://www.semiochemica.org.uk/articles/elepbut4.htmlhttp://www.semiochemica.org.uk/articles/elepbut4.html   http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/isfe/abstracts/ISFE-ab4.20.00.1383.htmlhttp://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/isfe/abstracts/ISFE-ab4.20.00.1383.html http://www-cru.http://www-cru.sluslu.se/.se/membindmembind/Olsen_/Olsen_HakanHakan..htmhtm

Page 20: Pheromones Tami Kopperud Catherine Miller Jacqueline Sheppard

Bibliography cont.Bibliography cont.

www.brooklands.co.nz/gold/breeding.htmwww.brooklands.co.nz/gold/breeding.htm

www.geocities.com/RainForest/ 4076/index49.html www.geocities.com/RainForest/ 4076/index49.html www.glasgowwestend.co.uk/ images/goldfish.jpgwww.glasgowwestend.co.uk/ images/goldfish.jpg http://www.hms.harvard.edu/news/releases/897pheromone.htmlhttp://www.hms.harvard.edu/news/releases/897pheromone.html

http://www.rockefeller.edu/pubinfo/090402http://www.rockefeller.edu/pubinfo/090402

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Pheromones.hthttp://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Pheromones.htmlml

http://www.hhmi.org/news/dulac.htmlhttp://www.hhmi.org/news/dulac.html

http://www.laurushealth.com/HealthNews/reuters/NewsStory090420021http://www.laurushealth.com/HealthNews/reuters/NewsStory0904200211.htm1.htm

http://www.tau.ac.il/lifesci/courses/chemical_communication/shkafim06.http://www.tau.ac.il/lifesci/courses/chemical_communication/shkafim06.pdfpdf

http://www.semiochemica.org.uk/articles/WorkshopX.htmlhttp://www.semiochemica.org.uk/articles/WorkshopX.html