PhET: States of Matter

Name _ Period -----

Introduction: There are more states of matter than just three. One such example is plasma, present in your plasma TV, or in the stars, and it is the most common state of matter in the universe. ln Chemistry, however, we are mainly concerned with the most common states of matter on planet Earth: Solids (s), Liquids (I), and Gases (g).

Directions: Search for PhET in google, and it should be the first one that pops up. Search for States of Matter: Basics, and run the program. First click on "States", and Answer the questions below.

States 1. The program should start with solid Neon. Describe the spacing and motion of the particles in a solid.

2. What happens as you cool the solid?

3. What happens as you heat the solid?

4. Next, select the liquid phase. Describe the spacing and motion of the particles in a liquid.

5. What happens as you cool the liquid?

6. What happens as you heat the liquid?

7. Next, select the gas phase. Describe the spacing and motion of the particles in a gas.

5. What happens as you cool the gas?

6. What happens as you heat the gas? Directions: Click on the box at the bottom of the page marked "Phase Changes"

Phases Changes 1. What happens when you pump some new particles in?

2. Why do you think they stick to the substance?

3. Heat up the solid, and describe what happens?

4. When does the Pressure (in atm) start to go up? Repeat if necessary.

5. If we continue to heat it, what happens to the Pressure?

6. Stop heating it for a bit. What happens to the Pressure as you use the finger to push down on the container? Why do you think this happens?

7. What eventually happens if you heat up the container too much or push down too much?

8. What happens to the particles if the container explodes?

9. Summarize what you've learned about phase changes and states of matter below.

Ch. 16:3

States of Matter The following chart uses water to teach you about the three most common states of matter.

Loss of energy (drop in temperature)

F Point e-------- Point

t to become "F ,, A liquid asolid. ~ -----~ will

e o L D E R

SOLID

"I ,, ..__ Solid water is called

to become "C ,, A ~as a liquid.~ --------- ..,_ will

LIQUID

◄◄---- "WATER" ------►►

t

GAS Gaseous -...."S water 1s called or

Vapor

"

H o T T E R

A solid "M ,, _.. to become will _.. --- a liquid.

,, ~ to become a gas

or evaporate

M Point

(32° F/_ºC for water)

B Point

(212°F/ __ ºC for water)

"Sublimation"

When a solid changes directly to a gas (like ice cubes shrinking in the freezer)

Gain of Energy (rise in temperature)

Retains Shape or Does it retain Is it Speed its Distance takes the shape of its volume? Compressible? of Atoms Between it's Container? Atoms

Solid

Liquid

Gas

www.aisd.net/smurray Copyright © 2003, C. Stephen Murray

Ch. 16:3

States of Matter and Their Energy

Spacing of atoms Energy of atoms

High Energy­ High Temperature

LowEnergy­ Low Temperature

e 0 0 0

Properties of Solids

VOCAB. English Usage and Science Definition Words that are Close

Brittleness:

Hardness:

Tensile Strength:

Viscosity:

Elasticity:

Malleability:

www.aisd.net/smurray Copyright© 2003, C. Stephen Murray