phi lo stratus the life of apollonius of tyana, i (loeb)

HANDBOUNDAT THE

UNIVERSITY OF

TORONTO PRESS

r^royTHE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY

EDITED BY

T. E. PAGE, M.A. AND W. H. D. ROUSE, Litt.D.

PHILOSTRATUSI

APOLLONIUS OF TYANA. (?)

BUST IN THE CAPITOLINE MUSEUM ,ROME

\&>V i U S

PHILOSTRATUSTHE LIFE OF APOLLONIUS

OF TYANAThe Epistles of Apollonius and the

Treatise of Eusebius •

WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BYF. C. CONYBEARE, M.A.

LATE FELLOW AN.D PRELECTOR OF UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, OXFORD

IN TWO VOLUMES

I

\*

f1Vi%4

LONDON : WILLIAM HEINEMANNNEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN CO.

. :..'?

PI

11/2-

v./

INTRODUCTION

The Life of Apollonius of Tyana has only been

once translated in its entirety into English, as long

ago as the year 1811, by an Irish clergyman of the

name of E. Berwick. It is to be hoped therefore

that the present translation will be acceptable to the

English reading public ; for there is in it much

that is very good reading, and it is lightly written.

Of its author, Philostratus, wTe do not know much

apart from his own works, from which we may

gather that he was born in the island of Lemnos

about the year 172 of our era, that he went to Athens

as a young man to study rhetoric, and later on to

Rome. Here he acquired a reputation as a sophist,

and was drawn into what we may call the salon of

the literary and philosophic Empress Julia Domna,the wife of Septimius Severus. She put into his

hands certain memoirs of Apollonius, the sage of

Tyana, who had died in extreme old age nearly

INTRODUCTION

100 years before during the reign of the Emperor

Nerva, and she begged him to use^them for the

composition of a literary life of the sage in question.

These memoirs had been composed by a disciple and

companion of Apollonius named Damis, a native of

the city of Nineveh, whose style, Philostratus says,

like that of most Syrian Greeks, was heavy and

wanting in polish. Besides these memoirs Philo-

stratus used for his work a history of the career of

Apollonius at Aegae, written by an admirer of the

name of Maximus. He also used the many letters

of Apollonius which were in circulation. His

collection of these agreed partly, but not wholly,

with those which are preserved to us and translated

below. He tells us further that the EmperorHadrian had a collection of these letters in his villa

at Antium. Philostratus also possessed various

treatises of Apollonius which have not come down to

us. Beside making use of the written sources here

enumerated Philostratus had travelled about, not

only to Tyana, where there was a temple specially

dedicated to the cult of Apollonius, but to other

cities where the sage's memory was held in honour,

in order to collect such traditions of the sage as he

found still current. From these sources then the

work before us was drawn, for although Philostratus

INTRODUCTION

also knew the four books of a certain Moeragenes

upon Apollonius, he tells us he paid no attention to

them, Jpecause they displayed an ignorance of many

things which concerned the sage. The learned

Empress seems never to have lived to read the work

of Philostratus, for it is not dedicated to her and can-

not have been published before the year 217.

It has been argued that the work of Damis never

really existed, and that he was a mere man of straw

invented by Philostratus. This view was adopted as

recently as the year 1910 by Professor Bigg, in his

history of the origins of Christianity. But it seems

unnecessarily sceptical. It is quite true that Philos-

tratus puts into the mouth of the sage, on the

authority of Damis, conversations and ideas which,

as they recur in the Lives of the Sophists of

Philostratus, can hardly have been reported by

Damis. But because he resorted to this literary

trick, it by no means follows that all the episodes

which he reports on the authority of Damis are

fictitious, for many of them possess great veri-

similitude and can hardly have been invented as late

as the year 217, when the life was completed and

given to the literary world. It is rather to be

supposed that Damis himself was not altogether a

credible writer, but one who, like the so-called

vii

I INTRODUCTION

aretalogi of that age, set himself to embellish the

life of his master, to exaggerate his wisdom and

his supernatural powers ;if so, more than one of

the striking stories told by Philostratus may have

already stood in the pages of Damis.

However this be, the evident aim of Philostratus

is to rehabilitate the reputation of Apollonius, and

defend him from the charge of having been a

charlatan or wizard addicted to evil magical practices.

This accusation had been levelled against the sage

during his life-time by a rival sophist Euphrates, and

not long after his death by the author already

mentioned, Moeragenes. Unfortunately the orations

of Euphrates have perished, and we know little

of the work of Moeragenes. Origen, the Christian

father, in his work against Celsus, written about

the year 240, informs us that he had readit^

and that it attacked Apollonius as a magician

addicted to sinister practices. It is certain also that

the accusations of Euphrates were of similar

tendency, and we only need to read a very few

pages of this work of Philostratus to see that his

chief interest is to prove to the world that these

accusations were ill-founded, and that Apollonius

was a divinely-inspired sage and prophet, and a

reformer along Pythagorean lines of the Pagan

INTRODUCTION

religion. It is possible that some of the stories

told by Byzantine writers of Apollonius, notably

by John Tzetzes, derive from Moeragenes.The story of the life of Apollonius as narrated by

Philostratus is briefly as follows. He was born

towards the beginning of the Christian era at Tyana,in Cappadocia, and his birth was attended according

to popular tradition with miracles and portents. At

the age of sixteen he set himself to observe in the

most rigid fashion the almost monastic rule ascribed

to Pythagoras, renouncing wine, rejecting the married

estate, refusing to eat any sort of flesh, and in

particular condemning the sacrifice of animals to the

gods, which in the ancient world furnished the

occasion, at any rate for the poor people, of eating

meat. For we must not forget that in antiquity

hardly any meat was eaten which had not previously

been consecrated by sacrifice to a god, and that

consequently the priest was the butcher of a village,

and the butcher the priest. Like other votaries

of the Neo-Pythagorean philosophy or discipline,

Apollonius went without shoes or only wore shoes

of bark, he allowed his hair to grow long, and never

let a razor touch his chin, and he took care to wear

on his person nothing but linen, for it was accounted

by him, as by Brahmans, an impurity to allow any

ix

INTRODUCTION

dress made of the skin of dead animals to touch the

person. Before long he set himself up as a reformer,

and betaking himself to the town of Aegae, he took

up his abode in the temple of Aesculapius, where

he rapidly acquired such a reputation for sanctity

that sick people flocked to him asking him to heal

them. On attaining his majority, at the death of

his father and mother, he gave up the greater part

of his patrimony to his elder brother, and what was

left to his poor relations. He then set himself to

spend five years in complete silence, traversing, it

would seem, Asia Minor, in all directions, but never

opening his lips. The more than Trappist vow of

silence which he thus enforced upon himself seems

to have further enhanced his reputation for holiness,

and his mere appearance on the scene was enoughto hush the noise of warring factions in the cities of

Cilicia and Pamphylia. If we may believe his

biographer he professed to know all languages

without ever having learned them, to know the

inmost thoughts of men, to understand the language

of birds and animals, and to have the power of pre-

dicting the future. He also remembered his former

incarnation, for he shared the Pythagorean belief

of the migrations of human souls from body to body,

both of animals and of human beings. He preached

INTRODUCTION

a rigid asceticism, and condemned all dancingand other diversions of the kind ; he would carry no

money on his person and recommended others to

spend their money in the relief of the poorer classes.

He visited Persia and India, where he consorted

with the Brahmans; he subsequently visited Egypt,

and went up the Nile in order to acquaint him-

self with those precursors of the monks of the

Thebaid called in those days the Gymnosophists or

naked philosophers. He visited the cataracts of the

Nile, and returning to Alexandria held long conver-

sations with Vespasian and Titus soon after the

siege and capture of Jerusalem by the latter. Hehad a few years before, in the course of a visit to

Rome, incurred the wrath of Nero,, whose minister

Tigellinus however was so intimidated by him as to

set him at liberty. After the death of Titus he

was again arrested, this time by the Emperor

Domitian, as a fomenter of sedition, but was

apparently acquitted. He died at an advanced age

in the reign of Nerva, who befriended him;and

according to popular tradition he ascended bodily

to heaven, appearing after death to certain persons

who entertained doubts about a future life.

Towards the end of the third century when the

struggle between Christianity and decadent Paganism

INTRODUCTION

had reached its last and bitterest stage, it occurred

to some of the enemies of the new religion to set up

Apollonius, to whom temples and shrines had been

erected in various parts of Asia Minor, as a rival

to the founder of Christianity. The many miracles

which were- recorded of Apollonius, and in particular

his eminent power over evil spirits or demons, made

him a formidable rival in the minds of Pagans to

Jesus Christ. And a certain Hierocles, who was a

provincial governor under the Emperor Diocletian,

wrote a book to show that Apollonius had been as

great a sage, as remarkable a worker of miracles,

and as potent an exorcist as Jesus Christ. His work

gave great offence to the missionaries of the Christian

religion, and Eusebius the Christian historian wrote a

treatise in answer, in which he alleges that Apollonius

was a mere charlatan, and if a magician at all, then

one of very inferior powers ;he also argues that if

he did achieve any remarkable results, it was thanks

to the evil spirits with whom he was in league.

Eusebius is careful, however, to point out that before

Hierocles, no anti-Christian writer had thought of

putting forward Apollonius as the rival and equal of

Jesus of Nazareth. It is possible of course that

Hierocles took his cue from the Emperor Alexander

Severus (a.d. 205-235), who instead of setting up

xii

. INTRODUCTION

images of the gods in his private shrine, established

therein, as objects of his veneration, statues of

Alexander the Great, Orpheus, Apollonius of Tyana,

Abraham, and Christ. This story however in no waycontradicts the statement of Eusebius, and it is a

pity that this significant caution of the latter has

been disregarded by Christian writers of the last

three centuries, who have almost unanimously adopted

a view that is utterly unwarrantable, namely, that

Philostratus intended his life of Apollonius as a

counterblast to that of the Christian gospel. The

best scholars of the present generation are opposed

to this view, for they realise that demoniac possession

was a common feature in the ancient landscape, and

that the exorcist driving demons out of afflicted

human beings by use of threats and invocations ot

mysterious names was as familiar a figure in old

Pagan society as he was in the early church.

We read that wherever Apollonius travelled, he

visited the temples, and undertook to reform the

cults which he there found in vogue. His reform

seems to have consisted in this, that he denounced

as derogatory to the gods the practice of sacrificing

to them animal victims and tried to persuade the

priests to abandon it. In this respect he prepared

the ground for Christianity and was working along

INTRODUCTION

the same lines as many of the Christian missionaries.

In the third century Porphyry the philosopher and

enemy of Christianity was as zealous in his con-

demnation of blood-offerings, as Apollonius had been

in the first. Unquestionably the neo-Pythagorean

propaganda did much to discredit ancient paganism,

and Apollonius and its other missionaries were all

unwittinglyworking for that ideal of bloodless sacrifice

which, after the destruction of the Jewish Temple,

by an inexorable logic imposed itself on the Christian

Church.

It is well to conclude this all too brief notice of

Apollonius with a passage cited by Eusebius 1 from

his lost work concerning sacrifice. There is no goodreason for doubting its authenticity, and it is an apt

summary of his religious belief:—" In no other manner, I believe, can one exhibit a

fitting respect for the divine being, beyond any other

men make sure of being singled out as an object of

his favour and good-will, than by refusing to offer to

God whom we termed First, who is One and separate

from all, as subordinate to whom we must recognise

all the rest, any victim at all; to Him we must not

kindle fire or make promise unto him of any sensible

1Eusebius, On the Preparation for the Gomel, Bk. iv.

Ch. 13.

xiv

INTRODUCTION

object whatsoever. For He needs nothing even

from beings higher than ourselves. Nor is there

any plant or animal which earth sends up or nourishes,

to which some pollution is not incident. We should

make use in relation to him solely of the higher

speech, I mean of that which issues not by the lips ;

and from the noblest of beings we must ask for

blessings by the noblest faculty we possess, and that

faculty is intelligence, which needs no organ. On

these principles then we ought not on any account

to sacrifice victims to the mighty and supreme God."

The text followed by the translator is that of

C. L. Kayser, issued by B. G. Teubner, at Leipzic

in 1870.

xv

PHILOSTRATUS

BOOK I

VOL. I.

<J>IA02TPAT0Y

TA ES TON TTANEA AnOAAHNION

A'

cap. Ot tov ^dfuov Hvdayopav eiraivovvTes TaBe

eV avrS <j>a&tv C09 "lav fiev ov7rco etr), yevoiTO Be

ev Tpoia itore Ei;<£op/3o9> dva/3 ioltj re a7ro0avcov,

diroOdvoi Be, co? wBal 'Ofxrjpov, ecrdrjrd re rrjv diro

6vr)(reiBi(ov TrapdiTouro Kal KaOapevou ftpcbaecos,

oitoctt] ep^vyasv, Kal Ovaiar fir) yap alfidrreiv

T01/9 /3w/jlov<;, dWa r) fieXcrrovra Kal 6 Xi/3avcoTo9 daird^oivTO

rd rocavra at Oeol fjudWov r) rd? eKaTopbfias Kal

rr)v ixdyaipav eirl tov kovov. ^vvecvat yap Br)

tois Oeol? Kal fiavQdveiv Trap avTcbv, 07rrj tois

dvdpGiirois yaipovai Kal oirr) a^Oovrat, irepu re

(ftvo-ecoseKeWev Xeyecv tou9 fiev yap aWovs

TeKfiaipeaOau tov Oeiov Kal Boljas dvofioiovs dWrj-

2

PHILOSTRATUS

THE LIFE OF APOLLON1USOF TYANA

BOOK I

I

The votaries of Pythagoras of Samos have this chap.

story to tell of him, that he was not an Ionian at all,1

but that, once on a time in Troy, he had been 2,ceKmofEuphorbus, and that he had come to life after death, Pythagoras

but had died as the songs of Homer relate. Andthey say that he declined to wear apparel made fromdead animal products and, to guard his purity,abstained from all flesh diet, whether of animals or

of sacrificial victims. For that he would not stain

the altars with blood; nay, rather the honey-cake

and frankincense and the hymn of praise, these theysay were the offerings made to the Gods by this

man, who realised that they welcome such tribute

more than they do the hecatombs and the knife laid

upon the sacrificial basket. For they say that hehad of a certainty social intercourse with the gods, /'

and learnt from them the conditions under which

they take pleasure in men or are disgusted, and onthis intercourse he based his account of nature. Forhe said that, whereas other men only make con-

jectures about the divinity and make guesses that

B 2

FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

Cap. Xaw Trepl avrov Bo^d^eiv, eavrw Be tov re 'AttoXXg)

r)K6Lv 6/noXoyovvTa, &)? clvtos etrj, gvvelvac Be fcal

jit) 6fioXoyovvTa<; tt)v \'A6r]vav /cal ras Movaras

fcal Oeovs erepovs, &v ra elBrj zeal ra ovofxara ov7T(o

tov? dvQpdnrov^ yiyvoocriceiv. teal 6 tl dirofyrfvaiTO

6 Tlv6ayopa$, vofiov tovto ol OfiiXrjTal rjyovvTO teal

eTLfjicov avrov ft)? etc Ato? rj/covTa, tealr) accoTrr) Be

virep tov Oeiov o~(f>Lcnv eirrjaKriTO' iroXXa yap 6eld

re teal dTTopprjra tftcovov, wv icparelv ^aXewov r)v

fir) TTpcorov fiadovaiv, otl teal rb aocoTrdv X0709.

teal fir)v teal tov'

Atcpayavrlvov 'EfiTreBoteXea /3a-

BLcrai cpaal rr)v cro<piav ravrrjv, to yap

XalpeT, iya) B' vfifiiv #eo? a/uftpoTos, ovteen

Ovtjtos

fcal

rjBrj ydp ttot iya) yevofirjv teopr) re teopo? re

teal 6 ev 'OXvfiiria /3ot)?, ov XeyeTac mrefifia

Troirjad/juevos Ovaac, tcl Jlvdayopov eiraivovvTos

ecrj dv. zeal TrXeico erepa Trepl twv tov YivOayopov

Tpoirov (j)i\oo-o(f)r]o-dvTO0v io-Topovaiv, <ov ov irpoa-

7]K.ei p,e vvv diTTeaQai airevBovTa enrl tov Xoyov, ov

diroTeXeaai nrpovdefirjv.

LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

contradict one another concerning it,—in his own chap.

case he said that Apollo had come to him acknow- l

ledging that he was the god in person ; and that

Athene and the Muses and other gods, whose formsand names men did not yet know, had also con-

sorted with him though without making such

acknowledgment. And the followers of Pythagorasaccepted as law any decisions laid down by him,and honoured him as an emissary from Zeus, but

imposed, out of respect for their divine character,a ritual silence on themselves. For many were thedivine and ineffable secrets which they had heard,but which it was difficult for any to keep who hadnot previously learnt that silence also is a mode of

speech. Moreover they declare that Empedocles of

Acragas had trodden this way of wisdom when hewrote the line

"Rejoice ye, for I am unto you an immortal God,

and no more mortal."

And this also :

" For erewhile, I already became both girl and boy."

And the story that he made at Olympia a bull outof pastry and sacrificed it to the god shews that he

approved of the sentiments of Pythagoras. Andthere is much else that they tell of those sages whoobserve the rule of Pythagoras ; but I must not nowenter upon such points, but hurry on to the workwhich I have set myself to complete.

II

c^p-

*A&e\(f)a yap tovtols iwCTrjBevcravTa'

KttoK-

Xcovlov, teal Oecorepov rj6 TlvOayopas rfj acxpLa

irpocreXOovra TVpavviScov re virepdpavra, teal yevo•

fxevov Kara %p6vov<; ovr apyaiov^ ovr av veovs

ov7rco oi dvOpcoTTOL ycyvcoo-teovacv diro ttjs dXrjOivrjs

ao<j)Las, r)v <piXocr6^>co<; re teal vytcos eirrjo-Krjo-ev,

aXX o jjuev to, o be to eiraiveu tov avbpos, ol be,

iirecSr) fidyois J$af3vXa>vla)v /cal *IvBwv Vipayjiaaiteal roi9 ev A.lyvTTT<p Tv/juvoIs avveyevero, fidyov

i)yovvTai avTov teal BiaftaXXovaiv <w? /3tat&)?

o-0(f)6v, teate&s yiyvcoor/covTes' 'E/A7reSo/c\?;9 t€ yapteal Tlvdayopas avTos teal ArjjjLOiepiTOS, ofiiXrjcravTes

fjuayois teal ttoXXcl Batfiovca elirovTes, ovrrrco

virrj^jdriaav Ty Teyyr), UXaTcov Te fiahlo-as e'9

AcyvTTTOV teal 7roXXa tcov iteei Trpocjyrjrcov re teal

lepecov iyteaTafjLii;a<; tois eaVTod Xoyocs, teal teaO-

dnrep %coypd(f)0<;'

eo-tecaypacprj/jbevo^ €7TL{3aXa)v

Xpco/juaTa, ov7rco fiayevecv kSo^e, teaiTOi irXelara

dvOpdairwv (feOovrjOels eirl crocfyia. ovSe yap to

7rpoaio-Oeo-0ai 7roXXd teal irpoyvwvai hiaftdXkoi civ

tov'

AttoXXcovoov 69 T7)v ao<pLav TavTrjv, rj $ia/3e-

ftXrjcreTai ye teal ^cotcpaTr)? e<£' 0I9 irapa tov

Baifjioviov 7Tpoeyiyvcoo-fce, /ecu.'

Ava%ayopa<; i<j> 0Z9,

irpovkeye' teaiToi tl<z ovte olSe tov 'Ava^ayopav

'OXvfjLTTiao-L p,ev, ottotc rfKiara ve, TrapeXSovra viro

KG)$L<p 69 TO O-TaBlOV 67rl 7rp0pp7JCT6l, OflfipOV, OlKiaV

6


II

For quite akin to theirs was the ideal which chap.

Apollonius pursued, and more divinely thann

Pythagoras he wooed wisdom and soared above ijj'no1"8

tyrants ;and though he lived in times not long gone

wizard

by nor again quite of our own day, yet men knowhim not because of the true wisdom, which he

practised as a sage and sanely ; but one man singlesout one feature for praise in him and another another

;

while some, because he had interviews with thewizards of Babylon and with the Brahmans of India,and with the nude ascetics of Egypt, put him downas a wizard, and spread the calumny that he was a

sage of an illegitimate kind, judging of him ill. For

Empedocles and Pythagoras himself and Democritusconsorted with wizards and uttered many super-natural truths, yet never stooped to the black art

;

and Plato went to Egypt and mingled with his owndiscourses much of what he heard from the prophetsand priests there ; and though, like a painter, he laid

their colours on to his rough sketches, yet he never

passed for a wizard, although much envied of mankindfor his wisdom. For the circumstance that

Apollonius foresaw and foreknew so many thingsdoes not in the least justify us in imputing to himthis kind of wisdom

; we might as well accuse Socrates

of the same, because, thanks to his familiar spirit, heknew things beforehand, and we might also accuse

Anaxagoras because of the many things which heforetold. And indeed who does not know the storyof how Anaxagoras at Olympia in a season of intense

drought came forward wearing a fleece into the

stadium, by way of predicting rain, and of how he

cap. re, CO? rreaelrat, rrpoeiirovra fir) yjrevo-aaOai,, rreaelv

yap, vv/cra re &)9 ef r)fiepa<; earat, zeal &)? XtOoi irepi

Alybs Trora/JLovs rod ovpavov i/cBo6r)o-ovrai, rrpo-

ava<f>(jdvrjcravTa dXr)6evaat; ical cro<f>La ravra rov

'Avaâyopov 7rpoo~rL6evre<; d(f>aipovvrac rov'

ArroX-

Xcovcov to Kara o~o<f>Lav irpoyiyvdicnceiv ical <âatv,

ft>9 f*>dyq) reyyr) rovr errparrev. Boicel ovv fioi fir)

rrepaBelv rr)v rwv ttoXXmv dyvoiav, dX)C eâicpi-

/3wo-ai rov avBpa rol<; re %povoi<;, /ca0' ovs elrre tl

r) errpage, tol<; re rrj? <ro<f)ia<; rporrois, v<f>o)V

k'yjravae rov Baifiovtos re ical 6elo<$ vo/nco-drjvat.

gvveiXeicraL Be fiou to, fiev i/c rroXewv, oiroaai

avrov rjpwv, rd Be ef lepcov, orroaa vrr avrov

eiravrj^dr] irapaXeXvfieva rovs decr/iov? rjBrj, ra Be

ef o)v elrrov erepot rrepl avrov, ra Be i/c rcov e/cei-

vov emaroXoiv. erreareXXe Be paatXevai aoîaral^

(f>i\oo-6(f>ot<; 'HXeto*? AeXôt? 'IvBois Alyvrrriois

virep Oecov vrrep edwv virep vo/icov, Trap oh o ri

dfiaprdvotro, errr^voopOov. ra Be d/cpLêarepa

wBe avveXe^dfirfv.

Ill

cap. 'EêêTO Ad/M$ dvrjp ov/c aaotyos rrjv dpyaiav irore

ol/cwv Nlvov ovros ra>'

AiroXXwvicp rrpoo-cfyiXo-

aocftrjcras dTroBrj/julas re avrov dvayeypa<f)ev, wv

8


foretold the fall of the house,—and truly, for it chap.

did fall;and of how he said that day would be

turned into night, and stones would be dischargedfrom heaven round Aegospotami, and of how his

predictions were fulfilled ? Now these feats are set

down to the wisdom of Anaxagoras by the same

people who would rob Apollonius of the credit of

having predicted things by dint of wisdom, and saythat he achieved these results by art of wizardry.It seems to me then that I ought not to condone or Such accus-

acquiesce in the general ignorance, but write a true foJ°a true*

account of the man, detailing the exact times at which Life of

he said or did this or that, as also the habits and p°

temper of wisdom by means of which he came near

to being considered a supernatural and divine being.And I have gathered my information partly from The sources

the many cities where he was loved, and partly from phiiostratui

the temples whose long-neglected and decayed rites

he restored, and partly from the accounts left of

him by others and partly from his own letters. Forhe addressed these to kings, sophists, philosophers,to men of Elis, of Delphi, to Indians, and Egyptians ;

and his letters dealt with the subjects of the gods,of customs, of moral principles, of laws, and in all

these departments he corrected the errors into whichmen had fallen. And the precise details which I

have collected are as follows.

Ill

There was a man, Damis, by no means stupid, chap.

who formerly dwelt in the ancient city of Nineveh.

He resorted to Apollonius in order to study wis- memoirs of

dom, and having shared, by his own account, his Damls used

9

cap. KOivcovrjaai fcal avro<; (brjcrc, teal yvcbfias tealIII -n / \ t r > /

'

* \

Xoyovs tcai oiroaa e? irpoyvcoaLv eiire. /cat irpocr-

TjhCWV Tt? TO) Ad/M8t, T«? BeXTOV$ TWV VTTOfLVT)-

fidrcov tovtcov ovttq) yiyvcoo-fco/JLeva*; e? yvwalv

rjyayev 'JovXia rfj fiaatXiBt,. /Jbereôvn Be p,oi

tov Trepl avrrjv kvkXov—koX yap tou? pr]Topifcov<;

•navTas Xoyovs eiryvet /cal rjaTrdêro—

/xeTaypdâire irpoaeraê ra<; BiaTpiftds Tavra? /cal ttjs

airayyeXias avrcov eTnfjLeXrjOrjvcu, t&> yap Nivlw

cra^xw? fiev, ov jxt]v Be%iw<$ ye dirr^yyeXXero. eve-

tv%ov Be teal M.a^LfMOV rod Alyieco? ftiftXiq)

jjvveiXrjcfiOTL ra ev Alyals'

AttoXXcdviov irdvTa,

/cal BtadrjKat Be tw'

AttoXXov'md yeypdârat, Trap'

wv virdpyei /JbaOelv, &>? virodeud^cov rr/v (piXoaocfaav

iyevero. ov yap NLoLpayevei ye irpoae/creov,

fiiftXia jxev %vvdevTL e? 'A/jloXXgovcov Terrapa,TroXXa Be TOiv Trepl tov avBpa dyvorjaavTi. &)<?

[lev ovv ^vvrjyayov TavTa BtecrTrao-pAva, ical &><?

eTrefJLeXr)6r)v tov %vv6elvai avTa, etprj/ca, eêTco Be

6 Xoyos T&) re dvBpl Ti/Jbtfv, e'9 ov tjvyyeypaiTTai,Tot? Te (f)LXo/jLadeo-Tepoi<; axfreXeiav rj yap av

/judOoiev, a iirjTrw yiyvcbcr/covaiv.

IV

cap.'

AttoXXcovig) toivvv TraTpls fiev rjv Tvava ttoXisr

EtXXd<; iv t& KaTTTraBo/ctov eOvei, TraTrjp Be

6jjlq)vv/jlo<;, yevos dpâiov /cal tcov oI/cio-twv dvrjfi-

fievov, ttXovto? virep tov$ e/cei, to Be edvo<; fiaOv.

/evovar) Be avrov ttj fjurjTpl fyda/jua rjXOev AlyvTTTiov

10

LIFE OF APO.LLONIUS, BOOK I

wanderings abroad, wrote an account of them. And chap.

he records his opinions and discourses and all hism

prophecies. And a certain kinsman of Damis drew at the

the attention of the empress Julia to the documents S the106

containing these memoirs hitherto unknown. Now empress

I belonged to the circle of the empress, for shewas a devoted admirer of all rhetorical exercises ;

and she commanded me to recast and edit these

essays, at the same time paying more attention to

the style and diction of them;for the man of Nine-

veh had told his story clearly enough, yet somewhat

awkwardly. And I also read the book of Maximus Also

of Aegae, which comprised all the life of Apollonius ^axir

in Aegae ;and furthermore a will was composed by

Apollonius, from which one can learn how rapturousand inspired a sage he really was. For we must not The work of

pay attention anyhow to Moeragenes, who composed ^ored6"68

four books about Apollonius, and yet was ignorantof many of the circumstances of his life. That thenI combined these scattered sources together andtook trouble over my composition, I have said ; butlet my work, I pray, redound to the honour of theman who is the subject of my compilation, and also

be of use to those who love learning. For assuredly

they will here learn things of which as yet theyare ignorant.

IV

Apollonius' home, then, was Tyana, a Greek city chap.amidst a population of Cappadocians. His father IV

was of the same name, and the family was ancient and6ntage

and directly descended from the first settlers. It miraculous

excelled in wealth the surrounding families, though Apollonius

the district is a rich one. To his mother, just before

cap. BaLpuovos, 6 Upcorevs 6 irapa tg> 'OpLrjpq) eâX-XdrTcov t) Be ovBev Beiaacra rjpero avrov, tl

airoKvrj<Toi' o be epue eLire' o~v be ti?;

elTTovar)?"Tlpcorevs" ecf>r),

"6 KlyvTTTLos #eo<>."

o<7Tt9 fiev Br) rr)v <ro$Lav 6 Tlpcorevs iyevero, tl av

i^rj<yoL/jLr]v tols ye a/covovari rwv Trotrjrcov, &)?

ttol/clXos re r)v /cal aXXore aXXos /cal /cpeirrcov rov

aXcovaL, yiyvGoa/ceiv re ft)9 eBo/ceL /cal irpoyiyvco-

a/eeiv iravra; /cal piepLvrjaOaL ypr) rov JJpcoreo)^,

jAakicrTa iireiBdv irpolwv 6 Xoyos BeL/cvvr) rov

dvBpa irXeia) [xev r) 6 Upcorevs irpoyvovra, ttoXXwv

Be cLTropcov re /cal dpjY)yavwv /cpeiTTco yevopuevov ev

a\)T& pLaXia-ra ra> direCKr]^>Oai.

cap. TeÔrjvai Be ev XeLpL&vi XeyeraL, 7r/>o? co vvv to

lepov avTco eKireirovr^Tai. /cal firjBe 6 t/307to? ciyvo-

euad(o, ov cnreTeyd'Y)' ayovert) yap rfj pLrjrpl tokov

copav ovap iyevero /3aBio~ai e'9 rov Xeifitova /cal

favOif] /celpai, /cal Brjra d(f>i/cofievrjat fiev Bpueoal irpoer-

elypv rots avdeaiv ier/ceBaerpievai /caret rov XeLpucova,

avrr) Be e? ^virvov dir^yOi) /ckvdeZcra ev rfj iroa.

kv/cvol tolvvv, ot>? o XeL/ieov ej3oer/ce, x°P0V i°"rrl~

aavro irepl avrrjv KaOevBoverav, /cal ra$ irrepvyas,

wenrep elcoOaenv, apavres adpoov rj^rjerav, /cal yaptl /cal ê<pvpov rjv ev tS> XeLpLWVL, r)

Be iêdope re

viro T?}? (pBr)<;/cal airere/cev, l/cavr) Be iraera


he was born, there came an apparition of Proteus, chap.

who changes his form so much in Homer, in theIV

guise of an Egyptian demon. She was in no way-

frightened, but asked him what sort of child she

would bear. And he answered : "Myself." "Andwho are you ?

"she asked. "

Proteus," answered he,"the god of Egypt." Well, I need hardly explainto readers of the poets the quality of Proteus andhis reputation as regards wisdom ; how versatile he

was, and for ever changing his form, and defying

capture, and how he had the reputation of knowingboth past and future. And we must bear Proteus

in mind all the more, when my advancing storyshews its hero to have been more of a prophet than

Proteus, and to have triumphed over many difficulties

and dangers in the moment when they beset himmost closely.

Now he is said to have, been born in a meadow, chap.hard by which there has been now erected a v

sumptuous temple to him;and let us not pass by J^uncS-

the manner of his birth. For just as the hour of his tion to

birth was approaching, his mother was warned in a

dream to walk out into the meadow and pluck the

flowers;and in due course she came there and her

maids attended to the flowers, scattering themselves

over the meadow, while she fell asleep lying on the

grass. Thereupon the swans who fed in the

meadow set up a dance around her as she slept, and

lifting their wings, as they are wont to do, cried out

aloud all at once, for there was somewhat of a breeze

blowing in the meadow. She then leaped up at the

sound of their song and bore her child, for any v

13

cap. e/C7r\r]gi<; jjLaievaaadai /cal irpb ttjs &pa<;. ol 8e

i<y%G)p(,OL <f>a<nv, a>? 6/jlov re ti/ctoito, /cal 0-/077^7-09

6V TJj ryfj7T€(76ta0at, 80/CCOV €/Jbfl6T6C0pi,Cr6€irj TG>

aWepi /cal dcf)avio~0€ir] avco, to, olfxai, e/cfyaves /cal

virep iravTa ra iv rrj . yfj /cal to dy%ov Oewv /cal

biroaa o8e 6 dvrjp iyevero, (jxtivovres ol 0eol /cal

7rpoo-r}p,aivovT€<;.

VI

cap. "E<jt£ 8e ti irepl Tvava vBcop 'Op/ciov Ato9,

W9 (f>aaL, KCtkovai 8e avrb 'KafiapLalov, ov irrjyr)

avahlhorai tyv^pd, iracfrXd^ei 8e, coairep 6 Oep/nai-

vofievos Xe/3?79. tovto evop/cois fiev t\.eoSi> re /cal

rj8v v8(op, €7n,6p/coi<; 8e irapd ir68a$ r) 8l/ct)' diro-

o-KTjTTTec yap /cal e? 6(j>0a\p,ov<; /cal e? %e£/?a9 /cal

€9 7r68a<;, /cal v8epoi<z dXla/covrat /cal <f)06ais, /cal

ov8* d7re\6elv 8vi>ar6v, a\\' avroOi e^ovrat /cal

oXo^vpovrat 77-/009 ra> v8ari o/juoXoyovvres ci iiri-

cbp/crjcrav ol puev 8rj iyyjj&pioi (pao~i iral8a rod

Ato9 tov !KttoWcovlov yeyovevau, 6 6" dvrjp 'AttoX-

Xcovlov iavrbv /ca\et.

VII

cap. Tlpoicbv 8e 69 r)\i/ciav, iv rj ypd/nfiara, jwrjp^^T€ la^vv i8r]\ov /cal fjueXerrj^ /cpdros, /cal

r) yXcorraAtti/cws €l%ev, ov8' dirrj'ypr] rrjv (j)covr)v virb rod

eOvovs, 6(f>0a\/jLoi re 7rdvT€<i €9 avrbv icfyepovro, /cal

yap TrepifiXeTTTOs r/v rrjv &pav. yeyovora 8e avrbv

14


sudden fright is apt to bring on a premature delivery,chap.

But the people of the country say that just at themoment of the birth, a thunderbolt seemed about to hi?birth*

fall to earth and then rose up into the air and dis-

appeared aloft;and the gods thereby indicated, I

think, the great distinction to which the sage was to

attain, and hinted in advance how he should transcendall things upon earth and approach the gods, and

signified all the things that he would achieve.

VI

Now there is near Tyana a well sacred to Zeus, the chap.

god of oaths, so they say, and they call it the well of VI

Asbama. Here a spring rises cold, but bubbles up jjjjjjjj1 of

like a boiling cauldron. This water is favourableand sweet to those who keep their oaths, but to

perjurers it brings hot-footed justice ; for it attacks

their eyes and hands and feet, and they fall the preyof dropsy and wasting disease ; and they are not evenable to go away, but are held on the spot and bemoanthemselves at the edge of the spring, acknowledgingtheir perjuries. The people of the country, then,

say that Apollonius was a son of Zeus, but the sage l/called himself the son of Apollonius.

VII

On reaching the age when children are taught chap.their letters, he showed great strength of memory

vn

and power of application ; and his tongue affected fy Butiy-the Attic dialect, nor was his accent corrupted by demusin

the race he lived among. All eyes were turned upon

*5

cap. err] Teo-o-apea/calBe/ca dyei e? Tapaoix; 6 7rarr)p napILvOvBrj/jLov tov e/c <&ot,vi/cr]<;. 6 Be ^vdvBrjp,o<;

prjrcop re dyadbs r)v /cal eiralBeve tovtov, 6 Be tov

p,ev BcBacr/cdXov elyeTO, rb Be t^? 7roXeoj? r)0o<;

aroirov re r)yeiTO /cal ov yjpr)o-TOV e/jucjyiXoo-o^crai,

Tpvcfrfjs re yap ovBapbod fiaXXov diTTOVTai, a/cco-

TTToXac re /cal v/3pKrral irdvTes, /cal BeBco/caaL rrj

oOovrj fiaXXov r) rfj <ro<f)La

'

A6rjva2oi, irorafjuos

re avrovs Biappei KvBvos, & 7rapa/cd6rjVTai,

KaOairep tcov opviScov ol vypoL to too"irav-

aaade fiedvovTes tg3 vBaTi"1

'AttoXXcdvlo) 7r/)o?

avTOVs ev eTriaToXfi etpriTat. pLeOiaTrjaLV ovv tov

BiBda/caXov BerjOels tov 7raTpb<; e? Alyas Ta<;

TrXrjaiov, ev ah r)o~vyia Te irpbcrfyopos tw (f)tXoo-o-

(f>7]o-ovTL /cal cnrovBal veavLKGOTepai /cal lepbv

Âa/cXriTTLov, /cal 6 Âa/cXr^Trib^ avTos €7TiBr]Xo<; tol$

dv6p(07roa. evTavOa %vve<f>CXocr6<f>ovv fiev a\JT(p

UXaTcoveiot T6 /cal ILpvaiwireioi /cal ol dirb

tov TrepnrciTov, BurjKove Be /cal tcov 'JLinicovpov

Xoycov, ovBe ydp tovtov? direaTrovBaê, tovs Be ye

UvOayopeiovs dpprjTco tivI cro<pia gvveXafte' BtBd-

cr/caXos fiev ydp rjv ai/Tco tcov Yivdayopov Xoycov

ov irdvv cnrovBalos, ovBe evepyco Trj cpcXocrocpta

Xpoifievos, yaaTpos T6 yap tjttcov rjv /cal dcf>po~

Bicricov Kal /card tov 'EwL/covpov eo-^fidTLaTO' rjv

Be ovtos E#£ez/09 6 ei; 'Hpa/cXelas tov YIovtov, rd?

Be Uvdayopov B6j;a<; eyiyvcoa/cev, coairep ol opvtOes

16

LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 1

him, for he was, moreover, conspicuous for his chap.

beauty. When then he reached his fourteenth year,his father brought him to Tarsus, to Euthydemusthe teacher from Phoenicia. Now Euthydemus wasa good rhetor, and began his education ; but, thoughhe was attached to his teacher, he found the

atmosphere of the city harsh and strange and little

conducive to the philosophic life, for nowhere are

men more addicted than here to luxury : jesters andfull of insolence are they all

;and they attend more

to their fine linen than the Athenians did to wisdom;

and a stream called the Cydnus runs through their

city, along the banks of which they sit like so manywater-fowl. Hence the words which Apolloniusaddresses to them in his letter : "Be done with

getting drunk upon your water." He therefore Removajto

transferred his teacher, with his father's consent, to uvfmttcthe town of Aegae, which was close by, where he temple of

found a peace congenial to one who would be a phil-8C epms

osopher, and a more serious school of study and a

temple of Asclepius, where that god reveals himself

in person to men. There he had as his companions in

philosophy followers of Plato and Chrysippus and

peripatetic philosophers. And he diligently attended

also to the discourses of Epicurus, for he did not

despise these either, although* it was to those of

Pythagoras that he applied himself with unspeakablewisdom and ardour. However, his teacher of the His Pytha-

Pythagorean system was not a very serious person, gJSSi.nor one who practised in his conduct the philosophy Euxenus

he taught ;for he was the slave of his belly and

appetites, and modelled himself upon Epicurus. Andthis man was Euxenus from the town of Heraclea in

Pontus, and he knew the opinions of Pythagoras just as

17

VOL. I. C

cap. a /xavOdvovac irapd twv dv0pa)7rcov, to yapJ(aip€ KCLl TO €V TTpCLTTe Kdl TO Zi€U9

tXeo)?"

teal tcl TOiavTa ol opviOes evyovTai, ovTe

elBoTes 6 tl \eyovo~Lv otrre htaKeifievoL nrpos rou9

avdp(D7rov<;, dXXa eppvOfitcrjJievot ttjv yX&TTav6 Be, cbcnrep ol vkoi twv deTcov ev aTraXw fiev tco

7TTepa> TrapaireTovTat to?? yeLva/j,evoi<; avTov? /xeXe-

T(DjMeVOL V7T CtVTCDV TT)V TTTr\0~lV, iireiBaV Be (lLp€-adav BvvrjOcocrcv, virepireTOVTai tovs yoveas, aXXcosT€ kclv Xi^vov^ aiadcovTai /cal Kvicrrj<; eve/ca 7T/30?

ttj yfj 7T€TOjjLevov<;, ovtco /cal 6 'AttoXXcovlos TTpOCT-

elê T€ T<p Evêvw irals ere, /cal tfyeTo vir clvtov

ftdLVCDV 67Tt TOV XoyOV, TTpoeXOobV Be €? €TOS

Be/caTov /cal e/CTov wppâev eirl tov tov Uvdayopovftiov, TTTepcoOels eV avTov vtto twos /cpetTTOVos.ov

fjLrjv tov ye JLvgevov eiravaaTo dyaircov, dXX*

eâLTrjcras avTW irpodo~Teiov irapa tov iraTpos, ev

a> KYjiroi Te airaXdl rj&av koI Trrjyai," av fxev ^rjOo

tov aeavTOv TpoirovT €(f>rj,

"eyob Be tov Uvdayopov

tyo-opai"

VIII

r

Hyov/jLevov Be avTov tov Evêvov fieydXrjs Bia-

viii voias aiTTecrOai koX epo/nevov, oiroOev apgoiTo," odev irep ol laTpoir ecj>r),

"teal yap e/ceivot, icad-

aipovTes Ta? yacrTepas tovs fiev ovBe vocrelv ecocrc,

tou? Be IcovTao." ical elircov tovto ra? fiev efiyfrv-

%ou? fip<*>creL<; &>? ovtc /caOapa? fcal tov vovv

ira^vvovaas iraprfTrjcraTO, TpayrjfiaTa Be koX

Xdâva eaiTetTO, /cadapd elvai(ftdcr/ccov, oiroaa

rj

• 18


birds know what they learn from men;for the birds chap.

will wish you "farewell/' and say" Good day

"or "Zeus

help you/' and such like, without understanding what

they say and without any real sympathy for mankind,

merely because they have been trained to move their

tongue in a certain manner. Apollonius, however,was like the young eagles who, as long as they are

not fully fledged, fly alongside of their parents andare trained by them in flight, but who, as soon as

they are able to rise in the air, outsoar the parentbirds, especially when they perceive the latter to be

greedy and to be flying along the ground in order to

snuff the quarry ;like them Apollonius attended

Euxenus as long as he was a child and was guided byhim in the path of argument, but when he reached

his sixteenth year he felt an impulse towards the life

of Pythagoras, being fledged and winged thereto bysome higher power. Notwithstanding he did not

cease to love Euxenus, nay, he persuaded his father

to present him with a villa outside the town, wherethere were tender groves and fountains, and he said

to him;

" Now you live there your own life, but I

will live that of Pythagoras."

VIII

• Now Euxenus realised that he was attached to a chap.

lofty ideal, and asked him at what point he would vni

begin it. Apollonius answered :" At the point at

which physicians begin, for they, by purging the

bowels of their patients prevent some from beingill at all, and heal others." And having said this he Apollonius

declined to live upon a flesh diet, on the ground that ™eXc£et

8 ^it was unclean, and also that it made the mind gross ;

and wine

so he partook only of dried fruits and vegetables,

19

c 2

cap. yrj avrr) BiBracrL, /cal rbv olvov icaOapbv fiev ecpa-

cr/cev elvai irtofxa Ik (j>vrov ovrcoq rj/juepov rols

dv6pd>iroi<; ij/covra, ivavriovaOai Be rfj rod vov

crvardaet BiaOoXovvra rbv iv rfj ifrvxj}a^^Pa '

fjuera Be rr)v /cdOapaiv rrjs yaarpbs rocavrrjv

yeyofAevrjv dwrroBr^aiav re rroielrai /cocr/jLr)p,a /cal

Xivov eaOrjra dpuricr'yerai 7rapairrjadfjbevo<; rr)v dirb

rcov %cpwv, dvrj/ce re rrjv KOpurjv /cal iv rco lepco e^rj.

i/CTreirXr)yp,evtov Be avrbv rcov irepl rb lepbv /cal

rov 'Acrfc\r]7riov rrore rrpbs rbv lepea cprjeravros,

a>9 yaipoi Oepairevcov rov<; voaovvras xnrb 'A.rroX-

Xcovlcp fxdprvpLy %vvr)ecrav e? ras Alyas ifi laropia

"KiXi/cis re avrol koL ol irepc^, o re KtAx/cto? Xoyos"irol t/)6%€^? ; rj eVl rbv efyrjftov ;

"eir i/ceivco

re iXeyero /cal irapoi/jLtooBr) rifir)v eayev.

IX

cap. "Aljiov Be /j,r]Be ra iv rep lepco irapeXOelv fiiov ye

ci(p7)yovfjLevov avBpos, 09 /cal rot? 6eol<; r)v iv Xoycp'

pueipaKLOV yap Br) ^Acrcrvpiov irapd rbv 'Ao-feXrjTTLov

rj/cov irpvcpa voaovv ical iv irorois ety, fidXXov

Be direOvrja/cev vBepco Be dpa efyero /cal fiedy %at-

pov av)(/Jbov r/fieXet,. rj/MeXelro Br) virb rov *A<r-

KXryinov Bid ravra, /cal ovBe ovap avrco icpolra.

LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK J

for he said that all the fruits of the earth are clean, chap.

And of wine he said that it was a clean drink because

it is yielded to men by so well-domesticated a plantas the vine

;but he declared that it endangered the

mental balance and system and darkened, as with

mud, the ether which is in the soul. After then Wears linen

having thus purged his interior, he took to walk-a ou<

iug without shoes by way of adornment and clad

himself in linen raiment, declining to wear anyanimal product ;

and he let his hair grow long andlived in the Temple. And the people round about

the Temple were struck with admiration for him,and the god Asclepius one day said to the priest that

he was delighted to have Apollonius as witness of his

cures of the sick;and such was his reputation

that the Cilicians themselves and the people all

around flocked to Aegae to see him. Hence the

Cilician proverb :" Whither runnest thou ? Is it to

see the stripling ?"

Such was the saying that arose

about him, and it gained the distinction of becominga proverb.

IX

Now it is well that I should not pass over, in my chap.

narrative, the life led in the Temple by my hero,IX

who was held in esteem even by the gods. For an *n"f8

ents

Assyrian stripling came to Asclepius, and though he life in the

was sick, yet he lived the life of luxury, and being aS^us.continually drunk, I will not say he lived, rather he Cures a

was ever dying. He suffered then from dropsy, and patient

finding his pleasure in drunkenness took no care to

dry up his malady. On this account then Asclepiustook no care of him, and did not visit him even

21

CAP.67ri/JL€/JL(})0/jL€V<p

Be TCLVTCl 67TtCTTa<? #609"

el'

AwoX-

Xcovi(p" etfir),

"BiaXeyoio, pacov ear)." irpoaeXOdiv

ovv T(p'

AiroXXayviw "ft dv"etyr),

"ttjs 0-779 cro^ta?

eyco diroXavaatfMt; /ceXevec ydp fie 6*

A<ricXr)7no<$

avveivai croi. o, r) 09, ecrrat aoi irpos ra

irapovTCt iroXXov dfyov vyieia? yap irov Bey ;*

"vrj AC" elirev,

"rjv ye 6 'Kcnc\r)7riof} ydp BiBovs 6^0 (f)aylav eirea-

dyei? vypots koX Bte(j>6op6ai T0t9 GirXdyyvoi^koX vBart eiravrXels irrfXov." ravrl fiev <ra(f)e-

ajepa y olfiai, rr)^ 'HpafcXelrov aortas eyjit]-

(TfMpBer 6 /juev ydp BelcrOaie<f)r)

rov TroirjaovTO^

ef eirofjuftpias av^fiov, iaeXOovro? avrbv rovrovl

rod irdOovs, ovk ev^vverd ttov Xeywv, ovBe BrjXa,

6 S' rjyayev €9 vyieiav to /jueopd/cLOV rd ao<pd

aacfrws epjjLrjvevo-as*

X

xCAP. *1B(*)V Be dOpbov irore. ev tw

/3ci)p,(p alfjua, /cat

BtafceLfieva eirl rov /3cq/jlov rd lepd, redvpevovs re

ftovs Alyv7TTLOvs /cal 0-7)9 fxeyaXovs, /cat rd fiev

Bepovras avrovs, rd Be KoirTovras, XpvalBas re

dva/cetfjuevas Bvo /cal Xl6ov$ ev avrals tcoj> 'IvBikco-

raT(ov teal OavfiacrLcov, 7rpocreX@cov tw lepel"tl

ravra;" e(f>r), "XafiTrpws ydp Tt9 yapi^erai tw

22


in a dream. The youth grumbled at this, and there- chap.

upon the god, standing over him, said," If you were

IX

to consult Apollonius you would be easier." Hetherefore went to Apollonius, and said :

" What is

there in your wisdom that I can profit by? for

Asclepius bids me consult you." And he replied :

* I can advise you of what, under the circumstances,will be most valuable to you ;

for I suppose you wantto get well." "

Yes, by Zeus," answered the other, .

"I want the health which Asclepius promises, but

never gives."" Hush," said the other,

" for he givesto those who desire it, but you do things that irritate

and aggravate your disease, for you give yourself upto luxury, and you accumulate heavy meals uponyour water-logged and worn-out stomach, and as it

were, choke water with a flood of mud." This wasa clearer response, in my opinion, than Heraclitus,in his wisdom, gave. For he said when he wasvisited by this affection that what he needed wassome one to substitute a drought for his rainy weather,a very unintelligible remark, it appears to me, and

by no means clear ; but the sage restored the youthto health by a clear interpretation of the wise saw.

One day he saw a flood of blood upon the altar, chap.and there were victims laid out upon it, Egyptian

x

bulls that had been sacrificed and great hogs, and Ostracises

some of them were being flayed and others were CiSand

being cut up ;and two gold vases had been dedicated

set with jewels, the rarest and most beautiful that

India can provide. So he went up to the priest andsaid :

" What is all this ;for some one is making a

2 3

N


cap. #e&>." 6 Be"Oavfidarr)" etyrj,

"fiaWov, on purjre

lK€T€V(ra<; irore evravOa fxrjTe BiarpLyjras, bv ol

aWot xpovov, fjLTjre vyidva^ irw irapd rod Oeov,

purjB* direp alrrjo-wv rjXOev eywv. %#€9 yap Brj

a$iyp,kv(p eoiicev, 6 £' ovrax; d<f>66va)s Qvei. (fzrjal

Be irXei(o puev Ovcreiv, rrXelw Be dvaOrjaeiv, el irpo-

croiTO avrbv o%

'AaK\r)7ri6<;. earn Be rwv ifXov-

<TiQ)TaT(ov' Ke/crrjTCU yovv ev KiXc/cla ftiov irXeia)

rj KtXt«€9 OfJLOV iravres' i/cerevet Be rbv debv diro-

Bovvai ol rbv erepov r&v 6cj)6aXpLcbv egeppvrjfcora"

6 Be 'AttoWoWo?, axrirep yeyrjpa/C(b<? elobOei, rovs

6<j)0aXp,ov<; 69 rrjv yrjv arrjaas"ri Be ovopua auTW,"

7]pero. eirei be rj/covcre ooKei jxoi, 6977, ay

lepev, rbv avOpcoirov rovrov pur) rrpoo-BeêaOai

ra> lepcp, fiiapb? yap res rj/cei ical Ke^pr^puevo^ ovk

errl %pr)o-Toi<; ra> iraOei, teal avrb Be rb irplv

evpeaOao rt rrapa rov Oeov 7to\utg\&>9 Oveiv ov

Ovovrbs eariv, aXX? eavrbv rrapacrovpuevov cr%€-

rXucov re Kal âXeirwv epywv." ravra puev 6

'AiroXXcbvios. 6 B?'

Ao-fc\r)7ri,b<; einara^ vv/croyp

r<a iepel"

cutt'ito)"e(f>r),

"6 Btlva ra eavrov eywv,

aff.09 ydp pLTjBe rbv erepov rayv 6(p0aXpLa)v eêiv."

dvapbavddvwv ovv 6 lepevs rbv avdpcoirov , yvvrj

puev ra> KlXikl rovrw eyeyovec Ovyarepa eyovaa

irporepcov ydpLcov, 6 Be rjpa rrjs /coprjs Kal dicoXa-

o"to>9 elê gvvrjv re ovB' a>9 XaOecv eincrraaa

24


very handsome gift to the gods ?" And the priest chap.

replied :" You may rather be surprised at a man's x

offering all this without having first put up a prayerin our fane, and without having stayed with us as

long as other people do, and without having gainedhis health from the god, and without obtaining all

the things he came to ask for here. For he appearsto have come only yesterday, and yet he is sacrific-

ing on this lavish scale. And he declares that hewill sacrifice more victims, and dedicate more gifts,if Asclepius will hearken to him. And he is one of

the richest men in existence; at any rate he owns in

Cilicia an estate bigger than all the Cilicians togetherpossess. And he is supplicating the god to restore

to him one of his eyes that has fallen out." But

Apollonius fixed his eyes upon the ground, as he wasaccustomed to do in later life, and asked :

" Whatis his name ?

" And when he heard it, he said :

" It

seems to me, O Priest, that we ought not to welcomethis fellow in the Temple : for he is some ruffian whohas come here, and that he is afflicted in this way is

due to some sinister reason : nay, his very conduct in

sacrificing on such a magnificent scale before he has

gained anything from the god is not that of a genuinevotary, but rather of a man who is begging himselfoff from the penalty of some horrible and cruel

deeds." This was what Apollonius said : and

Asclepius appeared to the priest by night, and said :

"Send away so and so at once with all his possessions,and let him keep them, for he deserves to lose theother eye as well." The priest accordingly madeinquiries about the Cilician and learned that his wife

had by a former marriage borne a daughter, and hehad fallen in love with the maiden and had seduced

her, and was living with her in open sin. For the

25

cap. yap r) /JLtjrrjp rfj evvfj rfjs pbev a/Acfyco, rov Be tov

erepov rtov 6tf>0aXp,tbv egeKoyjrev evapdâaa rd?

irepovas.

XI

cap. To ye /jurjv OvovTas r) dvanOevra^ pir) virep-

ftdXXetv to pArpiov toBe aimp etjaXoo-oêlro' irXeu-

bvtov yap rrore ^vveXrjXvOortov e? to lepbv aprt

eêXrjXapuevov rov KiXi/cos rjpero tov lepea ovrtocrr

"apa" etprj,

"ol 6eol BiKaiou ;

" " BiKaibraToi puev

ovv eiire. tl be' ^vveroi ; /cat n, etpr),

"^vvertorepov tov deiov ;

" " rd Be rtov avOptoirtov

Xtratriv, rj direipoi avriov eiai ; .

" Kal pur)v tovt"

€<jyr),

" irXeoveKTOvcri fiakiara ol deol rtov dvdpto-

ttcov, on ol fjuev V7T atrOeveia^ ovBe rd eavrtov,

laacri, rois Be yiyvtotTKeiv VTrdpyei rd eKeivtov re

Kal rd avrtbv."" irdvra"

etpr),"apctrra, to lepev,

real dXrjdicrrara. eVa rolvvv rrdvra yiyvcba/covcri,

Bo/cel pLOi rov r\KOvra e? Oeov Kal xprjcrrd eavrtp

^vvecBora rotdvBe evxvv cv'êtrOar to deol, Bolrjre

fjLOi rd 6tf)eiX6/jLeva' btjêiXerai yap irov, to lepev,

rots piev ocriois rd dyaOd, rols Be cpavXois ravavrla,

Kal ol Beol ovv ev iroiovvres, ov puev dv vyid re Kal

arpcoTOv KaKias evptotri, rrepbirovai, Brjirov are<pa-

vtocravre? ov XPV<70^ are<f>dvoi<;,dXX* dyaBols

26


mother had surprised the two in bed, and had chap.

put out both her eyes and one of his by stabbingx

them with her brooch-pin.

XI

Again he inculcated the wise rule, that in our chap.

sacrifices or dedications we should not go beyond the XI

just mean, in the following way. On one occasionmoraiityiii

several people had nocked to the Temple, not long Religion

after the expulsion of the Cilician, and he took theoccasion to ask the priest the following questions." Are then," he said, ". the gods just ?

" "Why, of

course, most just," answered the priest."Well,

and are they wise ?" * And what," said the other,

" can be wiser than the godhead ?" * But do they

know the affairs of men, or are they without ex-

perience of them ?" "

Why," said the other, "thisis just the point in which the gods excel mankind,for the latter, because of their frailty, do not under-

stand, their own concerns, whereas the gods have the

privilege of understanding the affairs both of menand of themselves." "All your answers," said

Apollonius," are excellent, O Priest, and very true.

Since then, they know everything, it appears to methat a person who comes to the house of God andhas a good conscience, should put up the following

prayer :f O ye gods, grant unto me that which I The Prayer

deserve.' For," he went on,u the holy, O Priest, Apollonius

surely deserve to receive blessings, and the wicked the

contrary. Therefore the gods, as they are beneficent,if they find anyone who is healthy and whole andunscarred by vice, will send him away, surely, after

crowning him, not with golden crowns, but with all

27

CAP. TTCLGIV, OV S' C%V KaT€(TTL<yfjb€VOV L$G)(TL KOI $16-

(j)6op6ra, KaraXeltrovai rfj Sl/cy, roaovrov avrois

€7ri/j,r]vi,(TavTes, baov eroX/jbrjaav' teal lepa ecrefcoirav

/jlt) KaOapol 6We9." teal ajua 69 rbv 'Ao-fcXrjTribv

/SXe-^ra?"<£tAoo-o</>et9." e(f)7]

"&>

'

AateXryrrie, rrjv

apprjrov re teal avyyevr) cravrw <f>Cko<ro<\>iav /jltj

avy^copcov tols <f>avXois Bevpo rjtceiv, yu.^8' av iravra

doi ra ctirb *\vhu>v teal SapSwcov ^vfjucpepcoaiv ov

yap TLjJL&VTe? to Oeiov dvovat ravra teal dvd-

irrovacv, aX)C duvovpêvoi rrjv Slterjv, rjv ov ^vyxw ~

pelre avrols hiKaioraroL 6We9." iroXXa roiavra

ev tg> lepeo i(j)i\ocr6(j)€i eve<f>r)(S(p ert.

XII

cap. Kdteelva 7-779 ev Alyals BiaTpLJ3r)<;' KiXitccov

$PX€V vfipMTTVS avOpMTTOS KCtX fCCL/CO? TO, epWTltcd'

e? tovtov rjXOe Xoyos 7-779

'

AttoXXcovlov copas, 6 Be

eppwadai <f>pdo-a<$ ols eTrparrev ev Ta/ocrot? he dpa

dyopav rjyev eôapfjurjOr) e? ra? Alya<? voaelv re eav-

rbv (frtferas teal rod 'AcrfcXr}7ri,ov helaOai, recti irpocr-

eXOcbv ra>'

AttoXXcovlw ftahiôvn IBla "avo-rrjaov

fie" e(f>rj"tw #ea>." 6 Be viroXafiwv "teal tl o~ol

hel rov crvcrTr}o-ovTo<$," elirev,"

el xprjo-rb? el; rov?

yap crirovhaiovs ol 6eol teal dvev rcov irpoêvovvrwv

a<r7rd£ovTcu.n "on vr) A"," e<f>r),

"'AiroXXoiVLe,

28


sorts of blessings ;but if they find a man branded chap.

with sin and utterly corrupt, they will hand him XI

over and leave him to justice, after inflicting their

wrath upon him all the more, because he dared to

invade their Temples without being pure." And at

the same moment he looked towards Asclepius, andsaid :

" O Asclepius, the philosophy you teach is

secret and congenial to yourself, in that you suffer

not the wicked to come hither, not even if theypour into your lap all the wealth of India and Sardis.

For it is not out of reverence for the divinity that

they sacrifice these victims and kindle these fires,

but in order to purchase a verdict, which you will

not concede to them in your perfect justice." Andmuch similar wisdom he delivered himself of in

this Temple, while he was still a youth.

XII

This tale also belongs to the period of his chap.

residence in Aegae. Cilicia was governed at the xn

time by a ruffian addicted to infamous forms of f

t^pts

passion. No sooner did he hear the beauty of vicious

Apollonius spoken of, than he cast aside the matters of°Ciiioia

he was busy upon (and he was just then holdingap°11°

a court in Tarsus), and hurrying off to Aegae pre-tended he was sick and must have the help of

Asclepius. There he came upon Apollonius walkingalone and prayed him to recommend him to the god.But he replied :

" What recommendation can youwant from anyone if you are good ? For the godslove men of virtue and welcome them without anyintroductions." "Because, to be sure," said the

other,« the god, O Apollonius, has invited you to be

29

onnius

cap. are fiev 6 #eo9 ireirolrjrai %evov, epue he oviro)."" dXXd tca/jLOv," ecf>r},

"/caXo/cdyaOLa irpovêvrjaev,

fj xptefievos, Co? Bvvarbv vew, depdirmv re eifii rov'

A(T/c\7]7nov teal eraipos- el Be /cal orol /caXo/cdya-

dias pueXeu, %copet dappcov irapa rbv Oebv /cal evyov,ft >/» /-v »> it V A n " t ll * '

o Tt eueXeis. vr) At , ewrev, rjv aoi ye irpo-

T6/0&) evgco/jLai. icai tl, e<prj, €p,oi evgrj ; o,

rj 8' 09,"evyeadat Sec rots /caXot<;' evyppueQa he.

avrols /coLvcoveiv rov /cdXXov? /cal fxr) fydovelv tt}9

wpas" eXeye Be ravra virodpvrrrwv eavrbv ical

rov$ 6(f>6aX/iov? vypauvcov, teal ri yap ovy eXirrwvTtov ovtcos acreXycov re /cal eirippr)TWv' 6 Be ravpt]-Bbv virofiXe-fyas avrbv

"iia'tvy" e<f>7],

"o) /cdOap/jua."

rov S' ov fibvov irpbs opyrjv ravra d/covaavros,dXXa /cat direCXrjcravros, &)9 drroKO"ôi avrov rrjv

/ceaXrjv, fcarayeXdaas 6 'A7ro\\&Wo9 "ft) rj Belva

r}p,epa" aveftorjere' rplrrj Be dpa rjv air e/ceivrjs, ev

fj Br)p,Loi Kara rrjv 6Bbv direKreivav rbv vftpio-rrjv

e/celvov, &>9 ljvv

'

KpyêXday ra> K.a7T7raB6/aa<>

ftacriXeZ vecorepa eirl(

V(OfMaiov<; irpdrrovra. ravra/cal TroXXd roiavra Maf£//,&>

ru> Alyuel ^776-ypairrai, r/ijicodr) Be /cal f3a(ri,Xe[(DV einaroXSyv

0UT09 evBo/ci/jLtov rrjv (pcovrjv.

XIII

cap. 'Eêl Be reOvecora rbv rrarepa ri/covaev, eBpaixevXIII > \ rp / >~ \ f ,, \

69 ra ivava, /ca/ceivov fiev rats eavrov yepcriv

edatye irpbs ra> rrj<; fjurjrpbs arj/xari, ereOvtJKec Be

KUKelvj) ov irdXai, rrjv Be ovaiav XapLirpdv ovaav

30


his guest, but so far has not invited me." "Nay," chap.

answered Apollonius,"

'tis my humble merits, soxn

far as a young man can display good qualities, whichhave been my passport to the favour of Asclepius,whose servant and companion I am. If you too

really care for goodness, go boldly up to the god andtender what prayer you will." "

By heaven, I will,"

said the other," if you will allow me to address you

one first." "And what prayer," said Apollonius,"can you make to me?" "A prayer which can

only be offered to the beautiful, and which is that

they may grant to others participation in their

beauty and not grudge their charms." This he said

with a vile leer and voluptuous air and all the usual

wriggles of such infamous debauchees ; but Apollon-ius with a stern fierce glance at him, said :

u You are

mad, you scum." The other not only flamed up at

these words, but threatened to cut off his head,whereat Apollonius laughed at him and cried out

loud,"Ha, that day is to come !

" And in fact it

was only three days later that the ruffian wasexecuted by the officers of justice on the high road

for having intrigued with Archelaus the king of

Cappadocia against the Romans. These and manysimilar incidents are given by Maximus of Aegae in

his treatise, a writer whose reputation for oratorywon him a position in the emperor's Secretariat.

XIII

Now when he heard that his father was dead, he chap.

hurried to Tyana, and with his own hands buried xmhim hard by his mother's sepulchre, for she too had reKrmshtodied not long before

;and he divided the property,

eider

3i

cap. 8ieXa%e 7T/0O9 tov dBeXcpov a/coXaarov re tealxmJ. \ ' " \ « \ / v

tpiXoTroiriv ovra. kcu tco fiev rpirov re koli

eltcocrTOv r)v eT09 Kal ffkiicia ota fir) eiriTpoireveo-Oai,

6 8* av etfcocn yeyovei Kal ol vofioi avTov virelyov

to?9 eiriTpbiTois. BiaTpiâ^ ovv ev Alyals iraXtv

Kal to lepbv KvKeibv re dirocprjvas Kal 'AKaSrj/uiav,

cpiXoarocplas yap r)x<*>7r L<Til^ €V aura) rjv, eirav-

rjXdev €9 ra Tvava civrjp r)8rj Kal Kvpios tcov eavrov'

el'irovTOs Be irpo<; avTov twos, &>9 acocppovlcraL tov

aBeXcpbv irpocrrjKOi avTco Kal fieTa/3aXe2v tov

Tpoirov," tovtI fiev Opacrv," ecf>r),

"86%ei, irpea-

ftvTepov yap veos ircos av trcofypovLôifii; &)9 Be fioi

BvvaTov, latrofiai avTov tovtcovI tcov iraOcov^

BiBcoai Br) avTco ttjv rjfii'aeiav ty)<; eavTOV fioipas,

tov fiev TrXeiovcov Beladai cj>r]aas, eavTov Be oXlycov,

ecj)Lo-Tas Be avTov Kal crocfrax; virayofxevos €9 to

acocf>povtôvTi ireiOeaBai "6 fiev TraTrjp," ecj>r],

'*

fieOeaTrjKev, 09 eiraiBeve re r)fid<; Kal evovOeTec,

Xolttos Be av ifiol Kal aol Btfirov eyco' cot ovv

eyco ti a/uapTavoi/uii,, avfi/3ovXo<; yiyvov Kal Ico

Tafia, etr avTos ti cifiapTavois, aveôv BiBdaKov-

T09." KcuKelvov fiev, coairep ol KaTayjrcovTes tovs

Bvarfvlovs T€ Kal fir) evaycoyovs tcov Xttttcov, €9

iretOco rjyaye Kal fieTeppvOfiiae tcov dfiapTrjfiaTCOv

iroXXcov ovtcov, Kal ydp kv(3cov i]TTr)To Kal olvov,

Kal ecf> eTalpas eKcofiaêv, eiraipovarfs avTov KOfirjs,

r)v Kal ftacpaLS rjaKet, ao/3cov T€ Kal dvco ftalvcov.

32


which was very ample, with his brother, who was an chap.

incorrigibly bad character and given to drink. Now xmthe latter had reached his twenty-third year, andwas of an age no longer to need a guardian ; Apol-lonius, on the other hand, was only twenty, and thelaw subjected him to guardians. He therefore spentafresh some time in Aegae, and turned the templeinto a Lyceum and Academy, for it resounded with all

sorts of philosophical discussions. After that hereturned to Tyana, by this time grown to manhoodand his own master. Some one said to him that it

was his duty to correct his brother and convert himfrom his evil ways ; whereon he answered :

" This

would seem a bold enterprise ;for how can I who

am the younger one correct and render wise an older

man ? but so far as I can do anything, I will heal

him of these bad passions." Accordingly he gave to

him the half of his own share of the property, onthe pretence that he required more than he had,while he himself needed little ; and then he pressedhim and cleverly persuaded him to submit to the

counsels of wisdom, and said :" Our father has

departed this life, who educated us both and corrected

us, so that you are all that I have left, and I imagine,I am all that you have left. If therefore I do any-thing wrong, please advise me and cure me of myfaults

;and in turn if you yourself do anything wrong,

suffer me to teach you better." And so he reducedhis brother to a reasonable state of mind, just as webreak in skittish and unruly horses by stroking and

patting them ; and he reformed him from his faults,

numerous as they were, for he was the slave of playand of wine, and he led a riotous life and was vain of

his hair, which he dressed up and dyed, strutting

33

cap. eVel Be Kal ra 7r/oo? tov dBeX(f>6v avrw ev elêv,

iirl tovs aWov? i]8rj crvyyevels irpdirero Kal tovs

Beo/juevov^ o~<f>a)v ave/CTrjo-aro rfjXoiTrfj ovaia fiiKpa

eavrw v7ro\t7r6/jL€vo<;, ore Br) rov fiev KXaô/xevcov1

Avagayopav dyeXat<; re Kal /jurjXois ra eavrov

dvevra Trpoftdrois €<f>r) fidXXov rj av0pa)7roi<; (f)tXoao-

(jyrjcrac,tov Be Srj/3acov KpdrTjra KarairovrcoaavTa

tt\v ovaiav ovre dvOpcorrois yeveadai eTTiTrjBeiov

ovre Trpo/SdroLS. evBoKifirjaavTO^ Be rov Uvdayopovirrl tw Xoy<p, ov eXeye rrepl tov firj Belv Trap dXXrjv

ievai yvvaixa rj tt)v eavrov, rovrl fiev erepois ecprj

viro UvOayopov Trpoeipr)adai, avrbs Be pbrjr av

yij/nai /jltJt av e? ofiCXlav dcfii/ceadaL rrore a<f>po8t-

alcov, vTrepftaXXofAevos Kal to tov *Zo<f>oicXeovs' 6 fxev

yap XvTTWvra e(j>r} /cal dypiov Beo-Trorrjv diro^vyelv

e? yr)pas iXOcav, 6 S' vtt aperi)? re Kal aw^pocrvvr)ôvB

f

ev /jLeipa/CLQ) r)TT)]0rj tovtov, aXXd Kal veos cov

Kal to aoifia eppco/jbevos eKpaTei re Kal Xvttwvtos

iBeaTTOêv. dXX* o/jlco$ o-vKoâvTOval rive? eirl

d(f>po8io-Loi,<; avrov, &>9 Bcajâprla ipcorcKrj xprj-

adfievov Kal Bid tovto dTreviavTiaavra e? to

%kv0cjv edvos, 09 ovre ecpolrrjcre irore e'9 !&Kv6a<$

ovre e'9 ipcoriKa Trddr) aTrrjvex^V ovkovv oi/Be

JLv(f)pdTr)<; irore eavKO^dvrrjaev eVl dtypoBialoLS

rov dvBpa, KaiToi êvB?) ypd/xfiara Kar avrov

%vvQei<$, ft>9 ev rols irepl Evcf>pdrov Xoyois Belôfiev,

Biefyepero Be Trpos tov 'AttoXXcovoov, errecBr] rrdvO^

virep xprffidrcov avrov irpdrTovTa erreKOTrrev 0UT09

34


about like an arrogant dandy. So when all was well chap.

between him and his brother, he at once turnedin

his attention to his other relatives, and conciliated

such of them as were in want by bestowing on themthe rest of his property, leaving only a trifle to him-

self; for he said that Anaxagoras of Clazomenae

kept his philosophy for cattle rather than for menwhen he abandoned his fields to flocks and goats,and that Crates of Thebes, when he threw his moneyinto the sea benefited neither man nor beast. Andas Pythagoras was celebrated for his saying that % a Rejects

man should have no intercourse except with his own marnae°

wife," he declared that this was intended by Pytha-

goras for others than himself, for that he was resolved

never to wed nor have any connexion whatever with

women. In laying such restraint on himself he

surpassed Sophocles, who only said that in reachingold age he had escaped from a mad and cruel

master; but Apollonius by dint of virtue and temper-ance never even in his youth was so overcome.

While still a mere stripling, in full enjoyment of his

bodily vigour, he mastered and gained control of

the maddening passion. And yet there are those

who accuse him falsely of an addiction to venery,

alleging that he fell a victim of such sins and spenta whole year in their indulgence among the Scythians,the facts being that he never once visited Scythia nor

was ever carried away by such passions. Not even

Euphrates ever accused the sage of venery, thoughhe traduced him otherwise and composed lyingtreatises against him, as we shall shew when wecome to speak of him below. And his quarrel with

Apollonius was that the latter rallied him for doing

everything for money and tried to wean him of his

35d 2

cap. teal dirrjye tov \pr)p,aTit,eo-6aiTe Kai Tr

)v o~o(j)cav

XIII i : / w ^ \'

~ \ » • V >«KairrfKeveiV. (iWa ravra fiev e? tov9 avrcou

Xpovov? dva/3e/3\rjo-0co jjloi.

XIV

cap. 'Epofievov Be 7rore tov'

AttoWcoviov tov Eu£e-

vov, tl hrjTd ov gvyypdtyot kclItol yevvalax; Bo^d-

£wv fcal dirayyeXia %p(bfievo<; BoKifiw teal eyrjyep-

fievrj "ore, "ec/>?7,

"ovttco eaia)7rr]aa.^ teal evdevBe

dp^dpuevos aiwirav uttjOr] Belv, Kai Tr)v p,ei> cjxovrjv

KaTelyev, ol 8 6<f>da\/jiol Kai 6 vovs irXelara itev

aveylyvcoGKov, irXelaTa Be e? /jLvrjfirjv dveXeyovTo-

to toi fivrj/juovcKov eKaTovTovTrjs yevofievos Kai

virep tov %ipb(OvlBriv eppcoTo, Kai vfivos avTtp Tt? e?

tt)v fivrj/jLocrvvTjv rjBeTo, ev co ircivra /JL6V V7TO TOV

yjpovov pbapatveadai cprjacv, avrov ye fjur)v tov

%povov dyrjpco Te koX dddvaTov irapa Tr)<; fjuvrj/ubo-

crvvrj? elvai. ov p,r)v axaP i(i T <*< 7e & %vvovo~ia<s

rjv Trap ov eo-ioaira yjpbvov, aXka 7T/oo? tcl \eyo-

fxeva Kai ol 6<f>da\/Jio£ tl eirearifiaLVov Kair) %elp

Kai to Tr)<; Ke(f>a\r}s vevfia, ovBe d/xeiBr)^ r)

akvOpco7rb<; ecfraiveTo, to yap <f)t\eTaip6v Te Kai to

evfj,eves elfte.tovtov eiriirovodTaTov avTqi <f>r)cri

yevecrOat tov (3'iov oXcov irevTe ctcov do-KrjOevTa,

TroWd fjuev ydp elnelv eyovTa fir) elirelv, iroWa he

7T/30? 6py)jv (iKovcravTa fir) aKovaai, iroWols V

€7rc7r\r)^ai irpoayQevTa" TeTXaOt, Br) KpaBlrj tc

36


love of filthy lucre and of huckstering his wisdom, cuai

But these matters I must defer to the times to which

they belong.

xrn

XIV

On one occasion, Euxenus asked Apollonius why chap.

so noble a thinker as he and one who was master of XIV

a diction so fine and nervous did not write a book.years'Tpeii

He replied: "I have not yet kept silence." And of silence

forthwith he began to hold his tongue from a sense

of duty, and kept absolute silence, though his eyesand his mind were taking note of many a thing, and

though most things were being stored in his memory.Indeed, when he reached the age of a hundred, he

still surpassed Simonides in point of memory, and he

used to chant a hymn addressed to memory, in whichit is said that everything is worn and withered awayby time, whereas time itself never ages, but remains

immortal because of memory. Nevertheless his

company was not without charm during the periodof his silence

;for he would maintain a conversation

by the expression of his eyes, by gestures of his handand nodding his head ; nor did he strike men as

gloomy or morose ;for he retained his fondness for

company and his cheerfulness. This part of his life

he says was the most uphill work he knew, since he

practised silence for five whole years ; for he says heoften had things to say and could not do so, and he

was often obliged not to hear things the hearing of

which would„have enraged him, and often when hewas moved and inclined to break out in a rebuke to m^m. y. is

others, he said to himself: "Bear up then, my heart

37

cap. /cal yXcorra" 777309 eavrbv <j>dvai, Xoycov re

TTpoancpovardvTOdv avro) nrapelvai rd? eXeyjjets

XV

cap. Aierpiyfre re Tot/9 T/79 <TL(oirr)<; %povov<; rov

/j,ev ev Tlafi(f)v\oL<i, rov Be ev KiXiKia, /cal f3aBi^wv81 ovrot) Tpv(j>Goi>TG)v iOvodv ovBap,ov e<f>6eyâro,

ovB' V7T7]^07] ypvâi. 6tt6t6 /jur)v aracriaôva-rj

iroXei evrvÔL, iroXXal Be eajaaiaôv inrep

Oeafjudrcov ov awovBalrov, irapeXOwv civ ical

Bellas eavrov, tcai ri teal fieXXovar]^ eTrnrXrjêwsTV XeiP i' Kai T*P ^po(TQ)7rw evBei^dfievos, e^yprjrdv dra^ta iraaa, /cal coairep iv p,vaTV]ploi^ eaiwTrcov.

ical to /juev rov? 6p%r)GTOiv re /cal Xiriroav eve/ca

aracridêiv Gop/jbrj/cora? avaayelv ovttco fieya, 01

yap virep toiovtcov dra/cTovvTes, civ irpo<; dvBpaXBwauv, epvdpioxri re teal avroov eirCXapi^dvovTai,

fcal paara Brj e? vovv rjKovat, Xi/juop Be Treiriecr/JLevTjv

itoXlv ov paBiov evrjviop teal 7ri0ava> Xoyw /jberaBt-

8d%ai /cal 6pyi)<$ iravaac. dXX*''

KiroXXcovioo real

7) o-LWirr) 7T/0O5 rov? ovtg) Bia/ceifxevovs rjp/cet.

d(j)LKero puev yap e? "AairevBov rrjv Yla/xcfyvXcov—

7r/oo<? ILvpvfieBovTi, Be ol/ceirac irorapLw rj ttoXi,*;

avTTj, rpCrr) rcov etcel—opoftoi $' covioi teal ra e'9

fipooaiv dvay/caca Biej3oaKev avrovs, rov yapalrov ol Bvvarol %vy/cXelo-avre<; elxov, n/ eKKairr)-

XevQeir) 7-779 X^Pa<*' dvrjpeBiaro Brj eVt rov

38


and tongue ;

"and when reasoning offended him he chap.

had to give up for the time the refuting of it.

XV

These years of silence he spent partly in Pam- chap.

phylia and partly in Cilicia;and though his paths lay

xv

through such effeminate races as these, he never The selfish&

#

* corn-mer-

spoke nor was even induced to murmur. Whenever, chants of

however, he came on a city engaged in civil conflict spen us

(and many were divided into factions over spectaclesof a low kind), he would advance and show himself,and by indicating part of his intended, rebuke bymanual gesture or by look on his face, he would

put an end to all the disorder, and people hushedtheir voices, as if they were engaged in the

mysteries. Well, it is not so very difficult to

restrain those who have started a quarrel aboutdances and horses, for those who are rioting aboutsuch matters, if they turn their eyes to a real man,blush and check themselves and easily recover their

senses;but a city hard pressed by famine is not

so tractable, nor so easily brought to a better mood

by persuasive words and its passion quelled. Butin the case of Apollonius, mere silence on his partwas enough for those so affected. Anyhow, whenhe came to Aspendus in Pamphylia (and this cityis built on the river Eurymedon along with two

others), he found nothing but vetch on sale in the

market, and the citizens were feeding upon this andon anything else they could get ;

for the rich menhad shut up all the corn and were holding it up for

export from the country. Consequently an excited

39

cap. apyovva rfkucla iraaa kclI irvpos eir avrov

TjlTTOVTO KCLLTOL 7TpO(TfC€lf.(€VOV TOfc? (3a<Tl\eiOL<;

avhpiaaiv, 01 kclI tov Aibs tov ev '0\vpbiria

(j)o/3epcoTepoL rjaav tot6 koi davXoTepot, Tiftepiov

ye ovres, e<f>ov Xeyerai ta? aaefirjacu BoâL

TV7TT /

i]aa<; tov eavrov BovXov (f>6povra Bpa^fxr)v

dpyvpdv vevofiiafievrjv e? TLJ3epLuv. TrpoaekOoov

ovv toS apyovTi tfpero avrbv rfj yeipi, °' Ti €^V

tovto, tov Be uSlkelv [lev ovBev (brjaavTos, dBiKel-

aOcLL Be fiera tov Brjfiov, \6yov 8' el fir) Tvyoi,

%vvaTro\ela6cLL too Brj/juw, /jLereaTpd(j)r] re et? tov?

TrepLearrjKOTa? 6 'AttoWgjvios kcu, evevaev oj? %pr)

aKovaaL, ol Be ov pbovov eo-LcoTrrjo-av vtt eKirXi]ê&><?

tt}? 7rpb$ civtov, dWd kcu to irvp edevTO eirl tu>v

fico/jLCOv to)v avTodi. avadapprjGas ovv 6 ap^cov"6 Belva"

€(f>7),

"kcli o Belva,^ TrXelovs eliroov,

" tov

XifjLov tov Ka6eaT7]KOTO^ clltiol, tov yap o~ltov

a7ro\a/36vTe<; (f>v\aTTOvo-L kclt aWo? aXKo Trjs

ycapa^r BiaKeXevo/mevcov Be tcov'

Ao-irevBiwv

aWrjXocs eirl tovs dypovs (ôltclv, dvevevaev 6

'AtToWcOVLOS fJbr) TTpCLTTeLV tovto, /neTaKaXelv Be

fidXXov tovs ev tj} aWia kcu Trap €k6vto)v

evpeaOac tov gItov. d<j>LKo/jbevMV Be fiiKpov fiev

eBerjo-e kclI cj>covr)v eV clvtov<; prjtjai, iraOaiv tl

7TpO? TCL T(OV TToXX(OV BaLKpVCL KCLL yap TTCuBlCL

£weppv}]K€L kcil yvvcua, kcu wi\o(f)vpovTo 01

yeyr)pa,KOTe<i, &)<? clvtikcl Br) diroOavovfievoL Xl/aw—

40


crowd of all ages had set upon the governor, and CHAP,

were lighting a fire to burn him alive, although hewas clinging to the statues of the Emperor, whichwere more dreaded at that time and more inviolable

than the Zeus in Olympia ;for they were statues of

Tiberius, in whose reign a master is said to have beenheld guilty of impiety, merely because he struck his

own slave when he had on his person a silver drach-

ma coined with'

the image of Tiberius. Apolloniusthen went up to the governor and with a sign of his

hand asked him what was the matter;

and heanswered that he had done no wrong, but wasindeed being wronged quite as much as the popu-lace ; but, he said, if he could not get a hearing, hewould perish along with the populace. Apolloniusthen turned to the bystanders, and beckoned to

them that they must listen;and they not only held

their tongues from wonderment at him, but they laid

the fire they had kindled on the altars which werethere. The governor then plucked up courage andsaid : "This man and that man," and he namedseveral, "are to blame for the famine which has

arisen;for they have taken away the corn and are

keeping it, one in one part of the country andanother in another." „ The inhabitants of Aspendusthereupon passed the word to one another to makefor these men's estates, but Apollonius signed with

his head, that they should do no such thing, but

rather summon those wrho were to blame and obtain

the corn from them with their consent. And when,after a little time the guilty parties arrived, he very

nearly broke out in speech against them, so muchwas he affected by the tears of the crowd

;for the

children and women had all flocked together, and the

4i

cap.TLfJbOiV Be to ttjs o-MDTrr}? B6yp,a ypdfyei e? ypafi-

fiarelov eirLTrXrjîv, Kal BiBwo-iv dvayv&tvai tw

apyovri' tj Be eirLifK^t^ 6iBe eiêv" y

AiroXXoov10$

GLTOKaTrrfkois'

AairevBiwv. rj yij ttclvtwv /ju^rrjp,

Bi/caia yap, vfJLels Be clBlkol ovres ireiroirâde

avrrjv avrcov /jlovcov firjrepa, /ecu el/jlt) Travaeade,

ovk edao) vfjLCL? eir* avTrjs eardvcn," ravra

BeiaavTe? eveirXrâav rrjv dyopav airov Kal dveftla)

rj ttoXis.

XVI

cap. *7&TTe<$)OiTr]Ge Kal'

AvTtoêia ry /ueydXrj ireirav-

/juevos tov (TLGyjrav, Kal iraprjkOev e? to lepbv rod

Aacpvalou'

AttoXXcovos, w irepiaTTTovaiv 'AcavpLottop ijlvOov tov 'ApKaBa' ttjv yap tov AdBcovos

Ad(j)vr)v €Kei fieTafyvvai Xeyovai, Kal TroTafib?

avTols pel AdBcov, Kal <\>vtov TifxaTat Trap avTols

Bdcpvrjs, tovto Brj to dvrlTrjs irapOevov, KvirapiTTWvT€ v-^rrj dfjurjâva irepieaTrjKe kvkXw to lepov, Kal

7rr)yd<; eKBcBcoacv 6 %oopos d(f)06vov<; Te Kal rjpefiov-

o-a?, al? tov*

A7roXX(o <f)aorl palveaOai. evravda kv-

irapiTTov ti epvos r) yr} dvaBeBcoKev, eirl Kv7rapLTT(p

(ftaalv e<$>r)(3<p 'Aaavplo), Kal TTiGTovTai ttjv fieTa-

fioXrjv rj copa tov (J)vtov. Kal^ to~co<; veavtKOJTepovairTeaOat, Bokcq tov Xoyov BiajjuvOoXoycov to, toi-

avTa' aXX oir% virep fjuvOoXoyias TavTa. ti Be /not

42

lifp: of apollonius, book i

old men were groaning and moaning as if they were chap.

on the point of dying by hunger. However, hexv "

respected his vow of silence and wrote on a writingboard his indictment of the offenders and handed it

to the governor to read out aloud;and his indict-

ment ran as follows :"Apollonius to the corn-dealers

of Aspendus. The earth is mother of us all, for she

is just ; but you, because you are unjust have

pretended that she is your mother alone; and if you

do not stop, I will not permit you to remain uponher." They were so terrified by these words, that

they filled the market-place with corn and the cityrevived.

XVI

After the term of his silence was over he also chap.

visited the great Antioch, and passed into the TempleXVI

of the Apollo of Daphne, to which the Assyrians Jntioch of

attach the legend of Arcadia. For they say that Syria

Daphne, the daughter of Ladon, there underwent herU1

metamorphosis, and they have a river flowing there,the Ladon, and a laurel tree is worshipped by themwhich they say was substituted for the maiden

;and

cypress trees of enormous height surround the

Temple, and the ground sends up springs both ampleand placid, in which they say Apollo purified himself

by ablution. And there it is that the earth sends upa shoot of cypress, they say in honour of Cyparissus,an Assyrian youth ;

and the beauty of the shrub

lends credence to the story of his metamorphosis.JWell, perhaps I may seem to have fallen into a

somewhat juvenile vein to approach my story bysuch legendary particulars as these, but my interest

43

cap. 6 Xoyos ftovXerai ;

'

AttoXXcovios LBoov ro lepov

yapiev /jlev, cnrov8r)v 8' ev avra> ovBepiiav, dXX? av-

0pco7rov$ rj/Aiftapftdpovs Kal dfiovaovs ""AttoXXov"

ecjyrj,

"/juerd/3aXe rovs a<p(ovovs e? BevBpa, i'va /cav

&>? KVirdpiTTOL rj%cocnv" ras Be irrpyas irriaKeyfrd-

ixevos, co? yaX^vrjv ayoval Kal KeXapvêt (rcfrcov

ovoefiia, i] (MpcDvia, eirrev, rj evravua ovoe

rals irr)yal<; ^vy^copel tyOeyyeaOaL" 7T/30? Se roy

AaSft>m IBcov"ov\ rj dvydrrjp" e(f)r),

"aol /jlovt)

jxerefiaXev, dXXa Kal av rq} Boât ftdpftapos

ef 'HLWtjvos re zeal 'Ao/atSo?." ejrel Se eyz>ft>

BiaXeyeaOai, ra fiev 6/xcXovfieva rcov %(opicov

Kal draKTOvvra rrapyrelro, (fitfo-as ovk dvOpcorroov

eavrqo 8ecv, a\V dvBpcov, ra Be o-ejjuvorepa eae(j)OLra

Kal oqk€l rwv iepwv ra fxrj KXrjcard. rjXiov fiev

Brj dv'uryovTos e<£' eavrov rwa eirparrev, a fiovoi?

eirotet BrjXa rots ir&v rerrdpoov aiwirav yeyvfxva-

afjLevois, rov Be fierd ravra /eaipov, el fiev 'EXXa?

7] 7roXi<; €L7j teal ra lepa yvoopcfia, £vyKaXcov av

toi><? lepeas etyiXoaotyei irepl rcov deoiv Kal Bicop-

Qovro avrovs, elirov rdv vo/jutôfievcov eâXXdrroiev,

el 8$ fidpfiapd re Kal IBuorporra etrj, Bie/xdvOave

rovs l8pv<ra/j,evov<; avra Kale'e/)' orcp IBpvdr],

irvdofAevos re, otttj Oeparreverat ravra Kal viro-

Oefievos, el ri ao(f)corepov rov Bpoofievov evOv/uLyOeirj,

44


is not really in mythology. What then is the chap.

purport of my narrative ? Apollonius, when he XVI

beheld a Temple so graceful and yet the home of

no serious studies, but only of men half-barbarous

and uncultivated, remarked :" O Apollo, change

these dumb dogs into trees, so that at least as

cypresses they may become vocal." And when hehad inspected the springs, and noted how calm and

quiet they were, and how not one of them made the

least babble, he remarked :

" The prevailing dumb-ness of this place does not permit even the springsto speak." And when he saw the Ladon he said :

" It is not your daughter alone that underwent a

change, but you too, so far as one can see, havebecome a barbarian after being a Hellene and anArcadian." And when he was minded to converse,he avoided the frequented regions and the dis-

orderly, and said, that it was not a rabble he wantedbut real men

;and he resorted to the more solemn a day of

places, and lived in such Temples as were not shut AntJoch11

up. At sunrise, indeed, he performed certain rites

by himself, rites which he only communicated to

those who had disciplined themselves by a four

years' spell of silence ; but during the rest of the

day, in case the city was a Greek one, and the

sacred rites familiar to him, he would call the

priests together and talk wisely about the gods, andwould correct them, supposing they had departedfrom the traditional forms. If, however, the rites

were barbarous and peculiar, then he would find out

who had founded them and on what occasion theywere established, and having learnt the sort of cult

it was, he would make suggestions, in case he could

think of any improvement upon them, and then he

45

FLAV1US PHILOSTRATUS

cap. fierrjec eirl tou9 o/uAr;Ta9 /cat etceXevev epcordv, a

fiovXovraL. fyaa/ce yap ^prjvat rovs ovrco (f>iXo-

aocfrovvTas 7701)9 pey apyo\xkvy)<$ ^vvelvat 6eols,

TTpolovGT]^ Be irepl Oewv, rbv Be fjuera ravra Kaipbvav6pwTreicov wept to.? tjvvovaias irotelaOai. elircov

S' av 7T/90? tol><? eraipovs, oirocra fjpcorwv, teal

[/cava)? rrjs rotavrr)<; ^vvovala^ eywv eirl rrjv Bid-

Xe^cv aviGTCLTO Xotirbv rrjv e'9 iravra^, ov irpb

/jLearjfiftpias, aXX' oirore /ndXcara rj r)/j,epa ianjicoi.

/cal BiaXe%@el<; av C09 dirap/celv wero, rfXeiêro re

/cat Tpityd/JLevos Xei eavrbv e'9 vBcop yjrv)(p6v, yrjpas

dvOpcoTTCov /caXwv ra ftaXaveia' -7-779 yovv 'Aptlo-

yeias d7ro/cXeiadelar]<i e'9 avra eirl p,eydXoi,<;

d/j,apnj/naaiv"

eBco/cev vfilv," ecfrrj,

"/3ao~tXev<;

/ca/coi<; ovai j3cwvai irXeiova err)" 'Eêo-tW Be

ôvXofxevwv KaraXtOcoo-ai rbv apypvia eirl rco /xr]

eKTrvpovv rd ftaXavela"

v/LLeis /nev rbv apôvra"

e^trj,

"alridade, eireiBr) Trovrjpcos Xovade, eyoo Be

vfids, ore Xovade."

XVII

cap. Aoycov Be IBeav eirr]o~icr)Gev ov BiOvpapb^coBr)

/cal (^Xeyfiaivovaav TroirjTLfCois 6v6/jLao~iv, ovt? av

fcaTeyX(0TTia/jL€vr)v /cal vireparriKiôvaav, d?]Be<;

yap to V7rep rrjv /juerpiav 'KrOiBa rjyelro, ovBe

XeTTToXoyia eBlBov, ovBe Bcrjye rov^ Xoyov$,

46


would go in quest of his followers and bid them ask chap.

any questions they liked. For he said that it was XNI

the duty of philosophers of his school to hold con-

verse at the earliest dawn with the gods, but as the

day advanced, about the gods ;and during the rest

of the day to discuss human affairs in friendly inter-

course. And having answered all the questionswhich his companions addressed to him, and when hehad had enough of their society, he would rise and

give himself up for the rest of the day to the general

public, not however before mid-day, but as far as

possible just when the day stood still. And when he

thought he had had enough of such conversation, hewould be anointed and rubbed, and then fling him-self into cold water, for he called hot baths the old

age of men. At any rate when the people of condemns

Antioch were shut out of them because of the hotbaths

enormities committed there, he said :" The Emperor,

for your sins, has granted you a new lease of life."

And when the Ephesians wanted to stone their

governor because he did not warm their baths

enough he said to them :

" You are blaming yourgovernor because you get such a sorry bath

;but

I blame you because you take a bath at all."

XVII

The literary style which he cultivated was not chap.

dithyrambic or tumid and swollen with poetical

words, nor aga\n was it far-fetched and full of am|* erary

affected Atticisms;for he thought that an excessive oratorical

degree of Atticising was unpleasant. Neither did he

indulge in subtleties, nor spin out his discourses; nor

47

cap. ovBe elpcovevofjuevov Tt? Tj/covaev r)it-epimen ovvros

e? rov<i d/cpow/uuevovs, afOC axTirep e/c rpL7roBoôre BiaXeyocro

" olBa" eXeye ical" Bo/eel fioi"

/cal"

ttoI (pepeaOe ; /cal"XPV elBevai." /cal

at 86%ai fipayelai teal dBafiavrtvoi, /cvpid re

ovo/juara /cal irpoaire^vKora rols Trpdy/xaat, real

ra Xeyofieva r)X*° €^Xev> wcr7rep diro crKYjirrpov

d€fMt(TT€v6/JL€Va. ipO/JL6VOV Be CLVTOV TCOV <TT€Vo\€-

(TXOVVTCDV TLVOS, OTOV 6V6Ka OV ^r]TOi7J,"OTL," €(Ji7J,

"/neipd/ciov cov e^rjrrjaa, vvv Be ov xph ^VT€ ^V >

dXXa BiBda/cecv a evprj/ca" "iroys ovv,'

KiruXXddVie,

BiaXeêrac 6 crocpos ;

"irdXtv eirepofxevov avrbv

"o)9 vojAoOeTr)?" ecprj,

"Bel yap rbv vofioOeri^v,

a ireireiKev eavrov, raura eirirdyfiara e? rovs

ttoXXovs TroielaOai" wBe avrw ra iv Âvrtox^taio-rrovBdêro, koX irreo-rpefyev e? eavrov dvQpoarrov^

dfiovcrordrov;.

XVIII

cap. Merd Be ravra Xoytafibv eavrw BiBovs diroBr]-

jxias fJLelôvos, ivOv/juelrat to 'IvBt/cbv eOvos /cal

tovs iv aura) aocpovs, of Xeyovrai JSpaxjjLaves re

/cal 'Tp/cdvLOt, elvat, rrpocnj/ceiv cf>7Jaa<; vea> dvBpl

diroBrjfielv re /cal virepoplfp alpeadai. evpr^fia Be

rovs fidyovs irroielro, ot RafivXoova /cal Sovaaol/covcri, /cal yap dv /cal ra i/cetveov BiafjuaOelv 68a)

Xpoo/juevos. /cat rrpbs tovs ofiiXrjra^ errrd ovras

dveobrjve rrjv yvcofirjv. 7reipco/j,eva)v Be avrcov

48


did anyone ever hear him dissembling in an ironical chap.

way, nor addressing to his audience methodical argu-xvn

ments ; but when he conversed he would assume anoracular manner and use the expressions, ", I know,"or "It is my opinion," or, "Where are you driftingto ?

"or,

" You must know." And his sentences wereshort and crisp, and his words were telling and closelyfitted to the things he spoke of, and his words had a He spoke aa

ring about them as of the dooms delivered by aauthority*

sceptred king. And when a certain quibbler asked

him, why he asked no questions of him, he replied :

f Because I asked questions when I was a stripling ;

and it is not my business to ask questions now, butto teach people what I have discovered." " Howthen," the other asked him afresh, "O Apollonius,should the sage converse?" "Like a law-giver,"he replied, "for it is the duty of the law-giver to

deliver to the many the instructions oi whose truth

he has persuaded himself." This was the line he

pursued during his stay in Antioch, and he convertedto himself the most unrefined people.

XVIII

After this he formed the scheme of an extensive chap.

voyage, and had in mind the Indian race and XVITI

the sages there, who are called Brahmans and vStto8 a

Hyrcanians ;for he said that it was a young man's India

duty to go abroad and to embark upon foreigntravel. But he made a great deal of the Magi, wholive in Babylon and Susa. For, he said, he wasdetermined to acquaint himself thoroughly with their

lore, even if it cost him a journey. And heannounced his intention to his followers, who were

49voj.. I.

cap. IjvfiftovXeveiv erepa, ec irt] dfyeXyQeir) t^? opfir}?

ravTr)<;}

"eyw jjueu Oeovs," e<f>r},

"avfiftovXovs

ireTToirjixai Kal ra BeBoy/xeva ecprj/ca, v/ucov Be

ftdcravov eTrocovfirjv, el 7rpo9 direp eyco eppwaOe'eirel roivvv fiaXaKw? e^ere, v/iels fiev vyiaivere^

e<j>r),

" Kal <f)i\o(io(f>eLT€' ifiol Be fiaBto-rea, ol

ao(f>ia T€ Kal Baifxwv fie ayei." ravra elircov

egeXavvei t>}?''

Avrco^ela^ fierd Bvolv Oepa-

ttovtolv, olirep clvtu) irarpLKoo rjarr^v, 6 fiev e?

Ta%o<; ypdcf>cov, 6 Be e? KaXXos.

XIX

xU Kat d^cKvetrat e? ttjv dpyalav Nivov, ev y

dyaXfia iBpvrat rpoirov ftdpfiapov, earc Be apa*Ico

7) ^\vdyov Kal Kepara rcov Kpord(f)a)v eKKpovei

fiiKpa Kal olov fieXXovra. evravOa BiaTpiftovri,

Kal irXet(o ^vvtevri irepl rod dydXfiaros rfol lepel?

Kal irpo(f)rjTat, 7rpoo-e<f>OLT7)o~e Aa/u? o NiWo?, bv

KaTapyas e^rjv ^vvairoBrjfxrjcrai ol Kal ^vvkfiiropov

yevecrOai rrj<; aofyias irdcrr]^ Kal TroXXa, rod dvBpbs

Biacrobaacrflai, o? dyao~6el<; avrbv Kal ^rjXooo'as ttjs

6Bov "Lcjfiev" ecjyrj,

" '

A7roXXcovie, av fiev Oeco

eirbfievos, eyu) Be aol, Kal ydp fie Kal 7roXXov

a^tov evpois av el fiev aXXo re ovk olBa, to B' ovv

e\ Jia{3vX(ova tjkov, TroXets re, oTroaai elaiv, olBa

5°

.LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

seven in number;bnt when they tried to persuade c

^f-him to adopt another plan, in hopes of drawing himoff' from his resolution, he said :

(< I have taken the followers

gods into counsel and have told you their decision ;

refuse

and I have made trial of you to see if you are strong

enough to undertake the same things as myself.Since therefore you are so soft and effeminate, I

wish you very good health and that you may go on

with your philosophy ;but I must depart whither

wisdom and the gods lead me." Having said this he

quitted Antioch with two attendants, who belongedto his father's house, one of them a shorthand writer

and the other a calligraphist.

XIX

And he reached the ancient city of Nineveh, where chap.he found an idol set up of barbarous aspect, and it is,

XIX

they say, Io, the daughter of Inachus, and horns short^JJeveh

and, as it were, budding project from her temples. TheimageWhile he was staying there and forming wiser con- of io

elusions about the image than could the priests and

prophets, one Damis, a native of Nineveh, joined him Damis joins

as a pupil, the same, as I said at the beginning, who him

became the companion of his wanderings abroad andhis fellow-traveller and associate in all wisdom, andwho has preserved to us many particulars of the sage.He admired him, and having a taste for the road,said: "Let us depart, Apollonius, you following God,and I you ;

for I think you will find me of con-

siderable value. For, if I know nothing else, I haveat least been to Babylon, and I know all the cities

E 2

cap. ave\0(bv ov ircCkai real rcoouas, iv at? iroXkdXIX

dyadd, real fjurjvreal t<x? (fxovas rwv ftapffapcoVj

oirocrai elcriv, elal Be aXXrj /xev ^Kpfxevieov, aXkr)

Be MrjBcov re real Uepcrcov, a\\r) Be KaBovcricov,

/jL€Ta\afjuf3dvco Be irdaa^r "67a) Be" elirev,

"a>

eralpe, iravosv tjvvirj/M, /jlclOodv fjurjBe/jLLav." Oav/jud-

aavros Be rov Nlviov "fir) Oavfidarjs," elirev,

"el

7rdcra<; olBa efycovas dvdpdnrwv olBa yap Br) real

ocra aico7T(b(Tiv avQpeoiroi" 6 fiev Br)

'

Acrcrvpios

7rpo<rr)vgaTO avrov, ax; ravra tfrcovcre, real caairep

Balfiova ejSXeire, crvvrjv re avrw eTriBiBov? rr)v

crofylav koX o re tidOoi fivrjfiovevcov. (fxovr) Be rjv

TO)'

A(T<TVp[q) fjVfjL/jL€TpG)S 7TpdTTOV(Ta, TO yOLp

XoyoetBe? ovrc elêv, are iraiBevOels ev ftap/Sdpots,

Biarpi/3r)v Be dvaypdyjrai teal crvvovcrlav ical 6 tl

r)Koyaev r) elBev dvarvTroiaai ical vir6fivr)fia twv

toiovtcov %vvQelvai o-(f>6Bpa Ircavbs r)v, ical eirerr)-

Beve tovto dpiara dvdpcoTrcov. 7) yovv Be\ro<; r)

twv €K<f>aTVoafjLdrcov tolovtov t<£ AdfiiBt, vovv

el%ev Aa/w? i/3ov\ero firjBev twv''

AiroWwviov

dyvoelaOat, dX)C ei tl teal 7rape<f)0eyâro rj

dfxeXo)? elirev, dvayeypdÔai ical tovto, ical

aîov ye elirelv, a ical 777)09 top fiepr^fdfievov Trjv

BiaTpi(3r)v TavTTfv dire^deyâTo. BuacrvpovTos

yap avTov dvOpdoirov paOv/xov re ical /3aarcdvov,

real tcl fiev aXka opOo)? dvaypdfyeiv fyrjaavTo?,

oirocrai yvoifiai re elai, real Boâi tov dvBpos,


there are, because I have been up there not long chap.

ago, and also the villages in which there is much XIX

good to be found;and moreover, I know the

languages of the various barbarous races, and there

are several, for example the Armenian tongue, andthat of the Medes and Persians, and that of thenatives of Kadus, and I am familar with all of them."

". And I," said Apollonius, "my good friend, under- Apoiiomus'

stand all languages, though I never learnt a single ?laim to

uone." The native of Nineveh was astonished at tongues

this answer, but the other replied :** You need not

wonder at my knowing all human languages ; for, to

tell you the truth, I also understand all the secrets

of human silence." Thereupon the Assyrian wor-

shipped him, when he heard this, and regarded himas a demon

;and he stayed with him increasing in

wisdom and committing to memory whatever helearnt. This Assyrian's language, however, was of a

mediocre quality, for he had not the gift of express-

ing himself, having been educated among the Damis*

barbarians; but he kept a journal of their intercourse, Xpoiioniufand recorded in it whatever he heard or saw, and he Their style

was very well able to put together a memoir of suchmatters and managed this better than anyone else

could do. At any rate the volume which he calls

his scrap-book, was intended to serve such a purposeby Damis, who was determined that nothing about

Apollonius should be passed over in silence, nay,that his very solecisms and negligent utterancesshould also be written down. And I may mentionthe answer which he made to one who cavilled andfound fault with this journal. It was a lazy fellow

and malignant who tried to pick holes in him, andremarked that he had recorded well enough a lot of

53

Cap. ravrl Be ra ovtcd fxacpd tjvXXey ojxevov irapa-

TrXrjGLOV ttov reus Kval TrpdrreLv TOO? GITOV-

fJL&VOLS TO, €K7rL7TT0VTa tt}<; Sairos, v7roXaj3cbv 6

Aa/xi?"

el Satre?," €(f>r),

" 6ecov elcri koX crirovvrai

deot, TrdvTCOs ttov /cat OepdirovTes avTois elaiv, ols

[xeXet rod firjBe ra TrtirTovra ttj? afx(3poaia<; diroX-

XvaOai."

XX

cap. TotovBe fiev iraupov kcli epaarov ervêv, o5 to

7t6Xv rod ftlov crvveiropevdy). irapiovras Be

avrovs €? tt)v pbearjv twv Tforaficbv 6 TeXw^?6 e7nf3e{3Xr]/jLevo<; ra> Zevyfiart irpb? to tuvclkiov

r)ye ical rjpoaTa, ti dirdyoiev, Be 'AttoX-

Xcovios"dndyco

"e<prj

"acocppoavi^rjv BiKaioo~vv7]v

dpeTTjv ejKpaTeiav dvBpeiav dcrKYja-iv^ iroXXd

koX ovtq) drjXea etpas ovopLCLTa. 6 S' tjBt] j3Xe7rcov

to eavTOv /cepBos"diroypaâi ovv

"e(f>rj

"ra?

BovXas" 6 Be " ovk egecrTiv,'' elirev," ov yap

BovXas dirdyw TavTas, dXXa Beo~7roiva<;" Tr\v

Be tcov nroTafjLcov fiearjv 6 Tiypis dirofyaivei

koX 6 Et^/oaT^?, peovTe? fiev eg Âpfjbevia? real

Tavpov XrjyovTos, TrepiftaXXovTes Be rjireipov, ev y

xal 7roX,et9 p>ev, to Be irXeiaTov KOifiat, eOvrj tc

54


things, for example, the opinions and ideas of his chap.

hero, but that in collecting such trifles as these he XIX

reminded him of dogs who pick up and eat the

fragments which fall from a feast. Damis repliedthus :

" If the banquets are those of gods, and it is

gods who are being fed, surely they must haveattendants whose business it is that not even the

parcels of ambrosia that fall to the ground should belost."

XX

Such was the companion and admirer that he had chap.

met with, and in common with him most of his

travels and life were passed. And as they fared on oAheinto Mesopotamia, the tax-gatherer who presided Bridge

over the Bridge (Zeugma) led them into the

registry and asked them what they were taking out

of the country with them. And Apollonius replied :

" I am taking with me temperance, justice, virtue,

continence, valour, discipline." And in this way he

strung together a number of feminine nouns or

names. The other, already scenting his own per-

quisites, said :" You must then write down in

the register these female slaves." Apolloniusanswered :

"Impossible, for they are not female

slaves that I am taking out with me, but ladies of

quality."Now Mesopotamia is bordered on one side by the Character of

Tigris, and on the other by the Euphrates, rivers J^f"

which flow from Armenia and from the lowest slopesof Taurus ; but they contain a tract like a continent,in which there are some cities, though for the most

part only villages, and the races that inhabit them

55

FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS4

cap. 'Apfievia /cal'

Apdftia, a %vy/c\eLaavTe<; ol Trora/ioLxxeyovaiv, <ov /cal vofidBes ol ttoWoI aTeiyovaiv,

ovto) ti vrjauoras eavTovs vopaôvTe^., &>9 eirt

OdXarrdv re /caTaftaiveiv <f)do-/ceiv, or eirl rovs

Trora/bLovs ftaBiôtev, opov re iroielaQai rrj^ 77)9

tov t6)v irora/jbcbv icvickov diroTopvevaavTe^ yaptt)V TTpoeipr\jxkvr)v rjireipov eVl rrjv avrrjv tevrat

OdXarrav. elal B\ oi tyaaiv e'<? eA-o? dâvlêaSatto ttoXv tov ILixfipaTOV /cal TeXevTav tov iroTafiovtovtov ev ttj yfj. \6yov S' evioi dpaavTepovifydTTTOVTCLL, <f>do-/COVT€$ dVTOV V7T0 TJj yf) peOVTCL

69 Aijvtttov dva<f)atvea0ao /cal NetXw crvy/cepdv-vvadac. d/cpt/3o\oyia<; fiev Br) eve/ca ical tov

fjirfiev irapa\e\el<f>6ai puot TOiv yeypa/JL/uevwv virb

tov Aa/uSo9 e/3ovX6/jLrjv av /cal tcl Bia tmv

ftap/3dp(Dv tovtcov iropevofjuevois airovBaadevTa

eliretv, %vve\avv€L Be r)fxa^ 6 \6yo<; e'? to, fielô) T€

/cal Oav/juaaLcoTepa, ov fjir)v &>9 Bvolv ye dfjLeXrjaai

tovtocv, TTj<i T€ dvBpelas, rj xpcofievos 6 'AttoaAco-

vlo<; Bceiropevdr) fldpftapa eOvrj /cal XyarTpi/cd, ovB'

viro 'Vco/juaiois ttco ovto,, tt)<; tc co0/a9, y tov

'ApdftcOV TpOTTOV e'? %VVeO~lV TTjS TWV £q)G)V <f)(DVr)<s

rjXdev. efiade Be tovto Bia tovtcovI twv 'Apafi'uov

Tropevofxevos apio~Ta ycyvcocr/covTcov T€ clvto /cal

TrpaTTovTcov. eaTi yap twv Âpaftlwv r)Brj kolvov

Kal tojv opviOcov d/coveiv fiavTevofjuevcov, oiroo~a ol

XprjafioL, gv/iftdWovTai, Be twv dXoycov gltov-

fievoL to)V Bpa/covTcov ol fiev KapBiav <f>ao-iv, ol Be

rjirap.

56

LIFE OF APOLLONIJJS, BOOK I

are the Armenian and the Arab. These races are so chap.

shut in by the rivers that most of them, who lead the xx

life of nomads, are so convinced that they are

islanders, as to say that they are going down to the

sea, when they are merely on their way to the rivers,

and think that these rivers border the earth and en-

circle it. For they curve round the continental tract in

question, and discharge their waters into the samesea. But there are people who say that the greater

part of the Euphrates is lost in a marsh, and that

this river ends in the earth. But some have a bolder

tale to which they adhere, and declare that it runs

under the earth to turn up in Egypt and mingleitself with the Nile. Well, for the sake of accuracyand truth, and in order to leave out nothing of the

things that Damis wrote, I should have liked to

relate all the incidents that occurred on their jonrney

through these barbarous regions ;but my subject

hurries me on to greater and more remarkable

episodes. Nevertheless, I must perforce dwell upontwo topics : on the courage which Apollonius showed,in making a journey through races of barbarians and

robbers, which were not at that time as yet subjectto the Romans, and at the cleverness with whichafter the manner of the Arabs he managed to under- Apollonius

stand the language of animals. For he learnt this aSsuS"1

on his way through these Arab tribes who best language

understand it and practise it. For it is quite com-mon for the Arabians to listen to the birds prophesy-

ing like any oracles, but they acquire this faculty of

understanding them by feeding themselves, so they

say, either on the heart or the liver of serpents.

57

FLAVIUSfPHILOSTftATUS

XXI

XXIcap. KrrjcncfitoVTa Be virepftaXtoV teal irapiwv e'9 ra

T$a/3vXwvo<; opta, (f>povpa fiev avroOi tjv etc (SaatXews,

i)v ovk av iraprjXOe ris pr) ovk ipcorrjOeh eavrov re

/cat iroXiv zealecf>

6 re tjkol. craTpdirr}^ Be rfj eppovpa

TavTy eirereraKTOy /3aaiXeco<; Tt9, ol/jlcu, ocfrOaXpLos,

6 yap M77S09 apre e'9 to dpyeiv tjkcov ov ^vve^dtpei

eavrtp dBews %VV > dXXd ovra re koX ovk ovra BeBiax;

e? cf)6f3ov<;fcaT€7r€7rT(i)/ceL teal inoia^. dyovrac

Toivvv irapa tov aarpdirrjv 'AttoXXoovlos re icai 01

dficji avrov, he eTf%e puev a/crjvrjv ec/>' app,ap,d%r)s

7r€7roir)/jLevo<; ical e^eXavvcov iroi, IBcov Be dvBpa

av^fiov irXewv dve/cpaye re wairep ra BetXa rcov

yvvalcov koX ^vveKaXv^raro, poyis re dva^Xe^jra^

e? avrov "iroOev rjpulv eiriirep^Oel^ rjiceis ;

"olov

Balfiova r)p(£>ra. 6 Be"vir epavrov" ecf)7],

"el irr]

teal afcovres avBpes yevoiaOe" irdXtv rjpero, oarcs

cjv eacfjoira ttjv ftao-iXecos ydipav, 6 Be "ep,rj" ecf>r],

"7rao~a rj yrj /cal dvetrai puot Bt avTr)<$ Tropeveo-Qai"

rod Be"

ftaaravio) o"e," elirovTOS"

el pur) Xiyocs,""

el yap rals cravrov j(epo~iv" elnrev,"

C09 avrbs

f3acravLO-6eir)<;, diycov avBpos" ifcirXayels Be avrbv

6 evvovxQS, iirel pirjBe epp,r]ve(o<; eoopa Beo/ievov,

aXX! VTToXapL^dvovra ttjv cfxovr)V dXv7rco<; re teal

5»


XXI

He left Ctesiphon behind, and passed on to the chap.

borders of Babylon ;and here was a frontier garrison

XXI

belonging to the king, which one could not pass by ctesfpho™™without being questioned who one was, and as to to Babylon

one's city, and one's reasons for coming there. And Demeanour

there was a satrap in command of this post, a sort of frontier"Eye of the King," I imagine ;

for the Mede had just satrap

acceded to the throne, and instead of being contentto live in security, he worried himself about thingsreal and imaginary and fell into fits of fear and

panic. Apollonius then and 'his party were broughtbefore this satrap, who had just set up the awningon his wagon and was driving out to go somewhereelse. When he saw a man so dried up and parched,he began to bawl out like a cowardly woman andhid his face, and could hardly be induced to look upat him. " Whence do you come to us," he said,

" andwho sent you ?

"as if he was asking questions of a

spirit. And Apollonius replied :"

I have sent myself,to see whether I can make men of you, whether youlike it or not." He asked a second time who he was to

come trespassing like that into the king's country,and Apollonius said :

" All the earth is mine, and I

have a right to go all over it and through it." Where-

upon the other said :

" I will torture you, if you don't

answer my questions."" And I hope," said the other,

" that you will do it with your own hands, so that

you may catch it well, if you touch a true man."Now the eunuch was astonished to find that

Apollonius needed no interpreter, but understoodwhat he said without the least trouble or difficulty.

59

PLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

cap. evKoXco?"

7T/309 dewv" elwe,"Tt9 el ;

"Xnrapwv

rjBr] /cal fieraftaXonv rov rovov. vTroXaftwv Be 61

AttoWoovios"

eireiBr) fjuerpLw*;" e<pr]," ravra koX

ovk aTravdpcoTrcos tfpov, cttcove, 09 eifir el/u puev 6r

Yvavev<$ 'AttoWwvlos, r) Be 0S09 rrapd rovy

\vBwv

ftaaiXea kcl6" laropiav twv eice2, ftovkoipLriv 8' av

zeal rw <to) fiaa/Xel evrvyelv (petal yap avrov ol

gvyyeyovores ov rdv (pavXcov elvai, el Br) Ovap-

Bdvr)<; outo9, 6 rr)v dp^r/v diTo\(o\vldv iror avra>

vvv avaKeKTr)p,evos?"etcelvos," tyV'

" ^€^e 'AttoA-

Xoovie' iraXai yap o~e rj/covofiev. aofyw Be dvSpl kclv

avrov jrapa^coprjaece rov yjpvaov Opovov, xal ire/Jb-

7tol 8' av vfid^ e'? 'IvBovs eirl /cap,rj\ov e/caarov. eyu>

Be Kai ijevov e/juavrov iroiovfjuai o~e teal BlBcojull aoi

rovrcov rcov ^prj/ndrcov,**

afia Orjaavpbv yjpvaov

Bellas" oiroaa ftovXei BpdrreaOai, zeal fir) e'9

airal~, dWa Be/catcis" irapairrio-afievov Be avrov

rd xprffiara" av B' dWa olvov" e^rj,

"Ba/3u-

Xcovlov, irpoirivei Be avrov fiaaCkevs Beica rj/nlv

aarpdirai^, d/i<f>opea e)(e, avcov re naX BoptcdBcov

rejud^rj oirrd, aXevpd re koX aprovs teal 6 neOeXeis. r) yap fierd ravra 0809 iiri iroXka

ardBia Kcofial elaiv ov irdvv evairoi." teal

Xafiofievos eavrov 6 evvov^os," olov"

e(f>i],

"a>

Oeoi, eiraOov dicovcov yap rov dvBpa firjr dirb

£a>a)v airelaOai firjre olvov iriveiv, rraykfo^ avrov

teal d/jbaOa)? eart(b."" aXX' earc ool," ecpr),

"/cal

60


"By the gods/' he said, "who are you ?" this time chap.

altering his tone to a whine of entreaty. And

Apollonius replied: "Since you have asked me civilly

this time and not so rudely as before, listen, I will

tell you who I am : I am Apollonius of Tyana, and

my road leads me to the king of India, because I

want to acquaint myself with the country there ;

and I shall be glad to meet your king, for those

who have associated with him say that he is no bad

fellow, and certainly he is not, if he is this Vardanwho has lately recovered the empire which he had

lost."" He is the same," replied the other,

" Odivine Apollonius ; for we have heard of you a longtime ago, and in favour of so wise a man as you he

would I am sure, step down off his golden throne and

send your party to India, each of you mounted on a

camel. And I myself now invite you to be myguest, and I beg to present you with these

treasures." And at the moment he pointed out a

store of gold to him saying: "Take as many handfuls

as you like, fill your hands, not once, but ten times."

And when Apollonius refused the money he said :

"Well, at any rate you will take some of the Baby-

lonian wine, in which the king pledges us, his ten

satraps. Take a jar of it, with some roast steaks

of bacon and venison and some meal and bread and

anything else you like. For the road after this,

for many stades, leads through villages which are Apollonius'

ill-stocked with provision." And here the eunuch vegetarian-

caught himself up and said :" Oh ! ye gods, what

have I done ? For I have heard that this mannever eats the flesh of animals, nor drinks wine,and here I am inviting him to dine in a gross and

ignorant maimer." "Well," said Apollonius,"you

CAP. Xe7TTW9 fM€ kcfTldv, TjV CLpTOVS T€ Sft>9 Kal Tpayr)-

p,ara."" Bojaco"

ecfyrj,

"^vpLiras re aprovs /ecu

(poivtKOs ftaXavovs rjXefCTpcoSeis re /ecu pueydXas.

Saxro) Kal \dyava, biroaa 6 Tiypis KTjirevet^

" dX)C i)BL(o" elirev 6 'A7ro\\&Wo?," rd dypia

Kal avrbpara Xdâva twv rjvayKao-fievwv Kal

Te'xyqrmv""

f)Bio) fiev" e<pr) 6 aarpdirvj^,"

r)

X^Pa &£ fjfuv r) eirl Ba/3f\coi/o? dyjrivBiov irXrjprjs

overa drjBr) avrd (frvec Kal iriKpd^ irXrp) dXXa

rod crarpdirov. ye direBeâro, Kal dirtwv i]Br)" w

\(po-T€," €(f>r), "fi?) Xrjye puovov KaXcbs, dWd Kal

apxpv" vovOercbv irov avrbv eirl ra>"ftacravia)

o~e," Kal oh iv dp%f} ftapftapiôvros rjKovae.

XXII

cap. YlpoeX66vre<$ Be eiKoo-o ardBta Xeaivy ivrvyyd-vovcriv direa-âypAvr) iv Orjpa, Kal rjv to 6r)piov

pueya Kal oaov ovttco elBov, ifiooov re oi Ik 7-779

Kcb/jLrjs o-vveppvrjKores, Kal, vrj At\ ol reOrjpaKores,

a>9 tl pAya Oavpua iv avra> opwvre?- Kal r)v dre%-vm Oavpia- crKvpjvovs yap dvarpirjOelaa oktoh

eZê*/. 6 he rr)<; Xeaiv^ tokos, at Xeaivai pLrjvwv

puev Kvto-Kovacv ef, rpU Be dirorlKTovo-LV, dpidpubs

Be rebv aKvp,vwv irapd puev rrjv Trpcorrjv rpets, eirl

62


can offer me a lighter repast and give me bread and chap.

dried fruits." "I will give you/' said the other,

XXI

w leavened bread and palm dates, like amber and of

good size. And I will also supply you with

vegetables, the best which the gardens of the Tigrisafford." "Well," said Apollonius,

" the wild herbswhich grow free are nicer than those which are

forced and artificial." "They are nicer/' said the

satrap,"

I admit, but our land in the direction of

Babylon is full of wormwood so that the herbs

which grow in it are disagreeably bitter." In the

end Apollonius accepted the satrap's offer, and as hewas on the point of going away, he said : (f- Myexcellent fellow, don't keep your good manners to

the end another time, but begin with them." This

by way of rebuking him for saying that he wouldtorture him, and for the barbaric language whichhe had heard to begin with.

XXII

After they had advanced twenty stades they chap.chanced upon a lioness that had been slain in a chase ;

xxn

and the brute was bigger than any they had ever oUh^shXifseen

; and the villagers rushed up and cried out, and lioness

to tell the truth, so did the huntsmen, when theysaw what an extraordinary thing lay before them.And it really was a marvel

;for when it was cut

asunder they found eight whelps within it. Andthe lioness becomes a mother in this way. Theycarry their young for six months, but they bringforth young only three times

;and the number of the.

whelps at the first birth is three and at the second

63

cap. Be rr)<; Bevrepas Bvo, rpirov Be dirroyuevr) roKov

fiovrfpi] a/cvfJLVOv airoTiKTU juueyav, olpuai, Kal

dyptdorepov rr)s (f)vcr€(o$. ov yap rrpoaeKrea toZs

Xeyovacv, &>? grjvavres oi ctkv/jlvol ras rcbv Xeai-

vwv fjurjrpas eKBeBovrat rov cnrXdyxyov. Bokci

yap rfj <f)vaeu ra> riKro/jLevw 7r/?o? to tiktov eTrcrrj-

Beta elvau virep acorripia^ rov yevovsi. evtBwv ovv

6 'AttoXXcdvios rw Or]play zeal rroXvv yjpovov em-

o-%gov V co Aayu-t," €cj)7],"6 -^povo^ t/}? irapa ftaaiXea

airoBr^jjiia^ eviavrov ecrrai /cal fjurjvoov oktco, ovre

yap e/celvos dvr]o~ei Odrrov, ovre rjfjulv Xwov direX-

Oelv irpo rovrov. reKfialpeadac Be %pr) rcov fiev

o-/cvfiva>v e? firjvas, rrjs Xeaivrj? Be e? eviavrov, re-

Xeia yap reXeiois 7rapa/3\r}Tea."" oi Be Br) arpov-

doir €(f>7]6 Aa/u?,

"oi irapa tw 'O/jurjpa) ri <j>rjaov-

crcv, ot><? 6 Bpd/ccov fxev ev rfj AvXlBi eBalaaro oktco

ovras, evvdrrjv eir avrol? rr)v purirepa eXcov; KaXâ?S' eîiyovfievos ravra evvea eviavrols dvelire Kara-

iroXefjuriaeadaL rrjv Tpolav koX opa fir)/caO*

''OfXTjpov re Kal KdXâvra e? evvea tj/jlcv err) r\

diroBrjfXLa reivy.""

ical el/coTcos," ecfrr),

lla) Aa/u,

Kal rov$ veoTTOvsr

'Ofjur]po<; evtavrols elxdêi, yeyo-vao~t yap rjBr) icai elcnv, eyco Be dreXr) 6r\pia Kal

firjTro) yeyovora, tcro)? Be/jLtjB'

av yevo/xeva, 7r&>? av

eviavTois el/edôifii; rd yap irapa (pucrcv ovr av

yevocTo, rayeldv re lo-yei Biacf>6opdv, kclv yevrirat.

dX)C eirov Br) tw Xoyro, koX lw/jlcv evtjo/ievot toi$

0eoi<; o'i ravra (paivovai"

64


two, and if the mother makes a third attempt, it chapbears only a single whelp, but I believe a very big

XXTI

one and preternaturally fierce. For we must notbelieve those who say that the whelps of a lioness

make their way out into the world by clawing throughtheir mother's womb

;for nature seems to have

created the relationship of offspring to mother for

their nourishment with a view to the continuance of

the race Apollonius then eyed the animal for a longtime, with attention, and then he said :

" O Damis,the length of our stay with the king will be a year and

eight months;for neither will he let us go sooner

than that, nor will it be to our advantage to quithim earlier. And you may guess the number of themonths from that of the whelps, and that of the

years from the lioness ;for you must compare wholes

with wholes." And Damis replied: "But what of

the sparrows in Homer, what do they mean, the oneswhich the dragon devoured in Aulis, which were

eight in number, when he seized their mother for a

ninth ? Calchas surely explained these to signifynine years and predicted that the war with Troywould last so long; so take care that Homer maynot be right and Calchas, too, and that our stay maynot extend to nine years abroad." "Well," replied

Apollonius," Homer was surely quite right in com-

paring the nestlings to years, for they are alreadyhatched out and in the world ; but what I had in

mind were incomplete animals that were not yetborn, and perhaps never would have been born : howcould I compare them to years? For things that

violate nature can hardly come to be ;and they any-

how quickly pass to destruction, even if they do comeinto existence. So follow my arguments, and let us

go and pray to the gods who reveal thus much to us."

65VOL. I. F

XXIII

cap. UpoeXOovTi Be avrw 69 tt)v ^K-icralav yjapav ko\

717)0? JSafivXwvt, ijBrj ovtl, Boga evvirvlov ecfroLTrjcrev

a>Be ra> cf>7]vavrt Sew ^vvreOelaa' lj(6v<$ ifC7T€7rTco-

/core? t?}? OaXarrr)*; ev rfj yfj râiraLpov, Oprjvov

dv0pa>7rcov levres koI oXotyvpofievoi to e/cfteftr)-

fcevat tov r)6ovs, BeXfylvd re rrj yfj irapaveovraIk6T€vov dfjuvvai a<f)icriv eXeecvol 6We?, odairep rcov

dv0p(t>7ro)v ol ev rfj %evr) icXaiovTes. e/CTrXayels Be

oi/Bev virb tov evvrrvlov, ^vpuftaXXeTai fiev avrov

07T6>? Koi ottt] eiye> BiaTapaTTeiv Be fiovXopbevos

tov AdfiLv, koX yap twv evXaftearepcov avrbv eyi-

yvwaicev, dirayyeXXei irpbs avrbv ty)v oyjriv, Beos

irXacrdfievos ob? iirt Trovrjpots, oh elBev 6 Be dve-

ftoycre re &)? avrb? IBgdv ravra, teal dirrjye tov'

AttoXXcovlov tov Trpocrcd"

/jurj irr]" e<pr),"

/cat

rjjjbels wo-jrep lÔv? eKireaovTes twv fjdwv aTroXco-

fjueOa, teal 7roXXd iXeeivd ev ttj aXXoBairfj elircopbev,

/cat ttov /cal e? dfirjâvov ifiTrecrovres iKeTevacofxev

BvvdorTrjv Tiva r\ ftao-iXea, 6 Be ?$/xa? dTi/jbdarj,

KaOdirep tovs lÔvs ol BeX<j)ive<?" yeXdaas Be 6'

A7roXXcovio<;"

o~v p,ev ovirco <j)iXoao(f)€i<;," elirev,"

el BeBias TavTa, eyo) Be ol to evvirviov Teivei Brj-

Xcoaco' 'E/96T/3iet9 yap ttjv K.io-o~lav TavTijv yoapavoIkovglv ol eg Et»/3ota? iroTe Aapeiw dva%0evT€<;

eTrj TavTa irevTaKoata, teal XeyovTai, coairep rj

oyfn? ecf)dv7), IxOvcnv nrdQei irepl ttjv aXcoaiv XPV'o~ao~0ar o-ayrjvevOrjvai yap By teal d\wvai irdvTas.

66


XXIII

And as he advanced into the Cissian country and chap.

was already close to Babylon, he was visited by a

dream, and the god who revealed it to him fashioned abo^tSTits imagery as follows : there were fishes which had captive

been cast up from the sea on to the land, and theywere gasping, and uttering a lament almost human,and bewailing that they had quitted their element

;

and they were begging a dolphin that was swimmingpast the shore to help them in their misery, just like

human beings who are weeping in a foreign land.

Apollonius was not in the least frightened by his

dream, but set himself to conjecture its meaning anddrift ; but he was determined to give Damis a shock,for he found that he was the most nervous of men.So he related his vision to him, and feigned as if

it foreboded evil. But Damis began to bellow as

if he had seen the dream himself, and tried to dis-

suade Apollonius from going any further, "Lest," he

said," we also like the fishes get thrown out of our

element and perish, and have to weep and wail in a

foreign land. Nay, we may even be reduced to

straits, and have to go down on our knees to some

potentate or king, who will flout us as the dolphinsdid the fishes." Then Apollonius laughed and said :

" You've not become a philosopher yet, if you are

afraid of this sort of thing. But I will explain to

you the real drift of the dream. For this land of

Cissia is habited by the Eretrians, who were brought

up here from Euboea by Darius five hundred years

ago, and they are said to have been treated at their

capture like the fishes that we saw in the dream ;for

they were netted in, so they say, and captured one

67

PLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

oap. eoiteaaiV bvv ol Oeol teeXeveiv fie e? avrovs irapeX-'

Oovtcl eirifjLeXr)9r)vai o~(j)(bv, et it hvvaifirjv. lawshe teal al ^vâl rwv 'EXXrjvoov, oiirep eXayov rrjv

evravOa fiolpav, eirdyovral fie eV ocxpeXela rrj<;

7%' Iwfiev ovv e%aXXa$;avTes rrjs bhou irepl fiovov

epcorwvTes tov (ppearos, irpbs £ oltcov.o-i." Xeyeraihe tovto tee/epdaOai puev aacpdXrov teal eXcdov teal

vharos, eteêavTO^ he tov dvifirjaavTOS airoywpelvtclvtcl teal air dXXrjXwv tcpiveaOai. irapeXOelv

fxev hr) e'9 rr)v Ktcraiav teal avrbs cbfioXbyrjicev ev

ot? 77730? tov K.Xa&fieviov aotpiarrfv ypacket,XpTlo-Tos yap ovrco tl teal îXoTifio^ rjv, &)9 eireihr)

Êperpieas elhe, go$igtov re dvafivqaOiwai teal

ypdyjrai 737)09 avrbv a re elhev a re virep avToav

ewpatjev teal irapateeXevejai ol irapa ty)v eiri-

aroXrjv irdaav eXeelv robs 'Eperpteas, teal biroTe

fieXercprj tov irepl avTcbv Xoyov, firjhe to teXdeiv eir

avrois irapaiTelaOai.

XXIV

cap. awtohd he tovtols teal 6 Aa/x^? irepl raw 'Epe-

rpiecov dvayeypaepev olteovat yap ev rfj Mrjhttef],

BaftvXcbvos ov iroXv direxovre? fjfiepas bhbv

hpo/jLLteG) dvhpi, r) x^Pa ^ airoXcs, r) yap Ktao-ia

tewfiai iraora, teal ri teal vofidhcov ev avrfj yevos

fiitepd twv 'uirircov diroftalvovTes. 1) he rebv 'Epe-

rpiewv ol/eelrai fiev rwv aXXcov fiecrr), irept-

fieftXrjTai he irorafiov rd(ppov, rjv avrol /3aX-

68


and all. It would seem then that the gods are in- chap.

structing me to visit them and tend their needs,xxm

supposing I can do anything for them. And perhapsalso the souls of the Greeks whose lot was cast in

this part of the world are enlisting my aid for their

land. Let us then go on and diverge from the high-road, and ask only about the well, hard by whichtheir settlement is." Now this well is said to con-

sist of a mixture of pitch and oil and water, and if

you draw up a bucket and pour it out, these threeelements divide and part themselves from oneanother. That he really did visit Cissia, he himself

acknowledges in a letter which he wrote to the sophist Letter

of Clazomenae ;for he was so kind and munificent, gophfst of

that when he saw the Eretrians, he remembered the Clazomenae

sophist and wrote to him an account of what he about themhad seen, and of what he had done for them ;

and all

through this letter he urges the sophist to take pityon the Eretrians and prays him, in case ever heshould compose a discourse about them, not to

deprecate even the shedding of tears over their fate.

XXIV

And the record which Damis has left about the chap.

Eretrians is in harmony with this. For they live in

the country of the Medes, not far distant from o^DatS7

Babylon, a day's journey for a fleet traveller ; butgj^t^®n

their country is without cities;

for the whole of carried

Cissia consists of villages, except for a race of nomads jSodiathat also inhabits it, men who seldom dismount fromtheir horses. And the settlement of the Eretrians

is in the centre of the rest, and the river is carried

69

cap. eo~6ai irepl ttJ Kco/jbrj XeyovTai, Teiô? avrrjv iroiov-

fieVOl 7T/909 TOl>9 iv TTJ K.LCTO'la /3ap(3dpOVS. VTTOfJL-

/5/0O9 Be dacpdXTco r\ X (*}Pa KaL 7r^/ ^ e/MpVTevaai,

fipaxyfttcoTaTOL re ol i/celvrj avOpcoTroi, to yap

dacfraXTCoBes ttotov e'9 TroXXd tcov cnrXdyyycov

l^dvei. Tpecpet, 6" clvtovs Xocpos iv opioid rfjs kco/jlt}^,

bv virepaipovTa rod wapecpOopoTOS xcoplov airel-

povai re Kal r)yovvTai yrjv. cpacrl Be dfcovaai, tcov

iy)(copicov, oj? kiriaKOdioi fiev tcov 'EpeTpiecov 777)09

tols oyhorjKOvra rjXcocrav, ovtl ttov /judîfjuoc

irdvTes, rjv ydp tl zeal OrjXv iv a\)Tol<$ yevos Kal

yeyrjpa/cos, rjv B\ oljxal, tl zeal TraiBla, to ydp ttoXv

tt}9 'EpeTplas tov Kacprjpea dvecjyvye Kal 6 tl aKpo-TaTOv t^9 Ev/3ola<;. dvfyOrjcrav Be avBpes fxev

d/jucpl tov? T€TpaKoaLovs, yvvaia Be taco<; BeKa, ol Be

XoLTroi dir ^\covia<$ Te Kal AvBlas dp^dfjuevoi Boe<pOd-

prjaav eXavvbixevoi dvco. XtOoTOfxiav Be avTols irape-

'XPfievov tov Xocpov, Kal Tives Kal XiOovpyovs elBoTes

Te%va<;, lepd Te eBelpuavTO 'JLXXrjviKa Kal dyopdv,

OTToarjv eiKos rjv, ftcofjuovs Te IBpvcravro Aapelco p,ev

Bvo, aep^r) Be eva, AapiBaico Be irXelovs. BieTeXeaav

Be 69 AapiBalov eTrj jieTa Tr)v aKcoaiv oktco Kal

oyBorjKOVTa ypdcpovTes tove

RXXrjvcov Tpoirov, Kal

ol Tacpoi Be ol dpyaloi acpcov"6 Belva tov Belvos

"

yeypdcpaTac, Kal to. ypapupuaTa 'JLXXrjvcov puev, dX)C

ovirco TavTa IBecvcpacri,

Kal vav$ iyKeâpay-

70


round it in a trench, for they say that they them- chap.selves diverted it round the village in order to form XXIV

a rampart of defence against the barbarians of the

country. But the soil is drenched with pitch, andis bitter to plant in

;and the inhabitants are very

short lived, because the pitch in the water formsa sediment in most of their bowels. And they gettheir sustenance off a bit of rising ground on theconfines of the village, where the ground rises abovethe tainted country ; on this they sow their cropsand regard it as their land. And they say that

they have heard from the natives that 780 of the

Eretrians were captured, not of course all of them

fighting men ; for there was a certain number of

women and old men among them; and there was, I

imagine, a certain number of children too, for the

greater portion of the population of Eretria hadfled to Caphereus and to the furthest extremes of

Euboea. But anyhow the men whp were brought upnumbered about 400, and there were ten womenperhaps ; but the rest, who had started from Ionia and

Lydia, perished as they were driven up. And theymanaged to open a quarry on the hill; and as some of

them understood the art of cutting stone, they built

temples in the Greek style and a market-place large

enough for their purpose ;and they dedicated various

altars, two to Darius, and one to Xerxes, and several

to Daridaeus. But up to the time of Daridaeus, 88

years after their capture, they continued to write in

the manner of the Greeks, and what is more, their

ancient graves are inscribed with the legend :u So Apoiionius

and so, the son of so and so." And though thethSrgraves

letters are Greek, they said that they never yet hadmade them out. And there were ships engraved on

7i

cap. fievas roc? rd(f)ot,<;, &>? e/cacrros ev Evftola etyj

TropOfxevcov 7) 7rop<f>vpev(ov 7) OaXdrrwv rj teal dX-

ovpybv irpdTTWv, /cat n teal eXeyelov dvayvwvai

yeypapupLevov eirlvavT&v re Kalvav/cXrjpcov cnjfiarr

OlBe 7T0T Alyacow fiaOvppoov olBfia irXeovres

'EfcftardvcDv ireBUo /cetfieO' evl /jLeadrq).

Xa^Pe kXvttj irore Trarph 'Eperpta, yalpeT

^KOrjvat,

yetroves Ev/3oli]<;, %cupe ddXaacra(jiiXrj.

T0U9 p>ev Btj rd(f)Ov<; Bte^Bopora^ dvaXa/3ecv re

avrov 6 Aa/it? (prjcrl/ecu ^vy/cXelaaiy ykaaQai re

real eirevey/cecv afyicnv, oirbara vofii/Jba, trXrjv rov

repuelv to t) /caOayiaat, Batcpvaavrd re ical vtto-

TrXrjaOevra oppurj^ rdBe ev fJuecroLS dva<f>0eyâa0ac

"'Eperpieis ol KXrjpcp tu^? Bevp aTreveÔevTes,

vfjieis fiev, el K.a\ iroppw t% avrcov, reOacjÔe yovv,

ol B' v/jl&<; evravda pityavres dircoXovro irepl ryv

v/nerepav vr)aov arafyoi BetcaT(p pueP vfid^ erer to

yap ev KoiXy EvfioLa irdOo^ Oeol (palvovaiv."'

AttoXXcovios Be 7rpo? rov aocpio-rrjv eVl reXet rf}?

e7naToXr)<;"

/cal eirefjLeXr)6r)v^ <f)r)aiv,"

eo S/eo7re-

Xtave, rwv acov 'Eperpiecov veos oyv en, real

dxjyeXrjaa o re eBvvdfirjv fcal tov<? reOveayras avroyv

koI tovs £gWo.?." 71 Brjra eirepbeXÔr] rebv ^covrcov;

ol iTpocroiKOi tw Xocfra) (3dp(3apoi airetpovTayv rebv

'Eperptecov avrbv eXijtôvTo rd cpvopeva irepl to

72


the tombstones, to show that the various individuals chap.

had lived in Euboea, aud engaged either in seafaringXXIV

trade, or in that of purple, as sailors or as dyers ;and

they say that they read an Elegiac inscriptionwritten over the sepulchre of some sailors and sea-

farers, which ran thus :

Here we who once sailed over the deep-flowingbillows of the Aegean sea

Are lying in the midst of the plain of Ecbatana.

Farewell, once-famed fatherland of Eretria, farewell

Athens,Ye neighbours of Euboea, farewell, thou darling sea.

Well, Damis says that Apollonius restored the

tombs that had gone to ruin and closed them up,aud that he poured out libations and made offeringsto their inmates, all that religion demands, exceptthat he did not slay or sacrifice any victim ; then after

weeping and in an access of emotion, he delivered

himself of the following apostrophe in their midst :

" Ye Eretrians, who by the lot of fortune havebeen brought hither, ye, even if ye are far from yourown land, have at least received burial ; but those

who cast you hither perished unburied round the

shores of your island ten years after yourselves ;for

the gods brought about this calamity in the hollows

of Euboea."And Apollonius at the end of his letter to the

sophist writes as follows :" I also attended, O

Scopelianus, to your Eretrians, while I was still a

young man;and I gave what help I could both to

their dead and their living." What attention thendid he show to their living ? This—the barbarians,in the neighbourhood of the hill, when the Eretrians

73

cap. 6epo$ rjKovres ical weivfjv eBei yecopyovvras erepois.XXIV t t i «j \ o -v ' » j / tr > ~ottot ovv irapa paacXea acptKero, evpero clvtols

to %pr)o~dai jjlovovs rcoXocf)(p.

XXV

xxvcap. Ta Be iv 3a/3vXwvc rov avBpbs rovrov nai

OTrocra T$a/3vX(bvo<; irepi Trpoo-rj/cet yiyvdxriceLv,

rocdBe evpov r) JSaftvXcbv Teretîo-rat puev oyBorj-

kovtcl zeal T€Tpa/c6o~t,a ardBia, roaavrr) kvkXco,

T6t%o? Be avrr)<; rpla juev to tn/ro? rffxiirXedpa,

irXeOpov Be fielov rb evpos, Trora/jiw Be ILixfipdry

rsfivercu %vv ofioLor^ri rov e'iBovs, bv diroppriro^

viroo-Telx^ yecfrvpa, rd flaalXeia rd eVt rals

o%0aL<; dcpavobs ^vvaTrrovaa. yvvr] yap Xeyerat

M.r)Be[a twv eiceivr) Trore dpyovcra rov irorafibv

viroêvât rpoirov, bv jirjira) Tt? iroTa/jubs iêuÔrj'

XiOovs yap Br) /cal %aXfcbv ical aatyaXrov koX

biroaa e? e<f>vBpov %vvBecnv dvdpoairoi^ evprjrac,

Trapd Ta? o%0as rod iroTafiov vrjaaaa to pev/xa e?

XipLvas erpe^re, £r)p6v re r)Brj rov iroTafibv copvyev

bpyvtds e? Bvo arjpayya epyaôfievq tcoiXriv, Xv e?

rd /3aaiXeia rd irapd Tat? oyQcus cbairep etc yrjs

dvaâivoLTO, ical rjpe-^rev avrrjv laws tg> tov

pev/jLaros BaTreBw. ol fiev Br) OepAXtot e/3e/3r)/ceo-av

/cal ol Tolyoi rr}<; o~rjpayyos, are Be rrjs dacf>aXrov

Beo/uLevrjs rov vBaros e? to Xt6ova6ai re koX

TrrjyvvaOat 6 Ev^/oaV?;? eiraêiQr] vypGs tgS opocfxp,

74


sowed their seed upon it, would come in summer- chap.time and plunder their crops, so that they had XXIV

to starve and see the fruits of their husbandry goto others. When therefore he reached the king, hetook pains to secure for them the sole use of the

hill.

XXV

I found the following to be an account of the sage's chap.

stay in Babylon, and of all we need to know about xxv

Babylon. The fortifications of Babylon extend 480 g ygnstadia and form a complete circle, and its wall is and account

three half pletkrons high, but less than a plethron \

of that city

in breadth. And it is cut asunder by the river

Euphrates, into halves of similar shape; and there

passes underneath the river an extraordinary bridgewhich joins together by an unseen passage the palaceson either bank. For it is said that a Median womanwas formerly queen of those parts, who spanned theriver underneath in a manner in which no river wasever bridged before ;

for she got stones, it is said, and

copper and pitch and all the materials which menhave found set under water, and she piled these

up along the-banks of the river. Then she diverted

the stream into lakes;and as soon as the river was

dry, she dug down two fathoms, and made a hollow

tunnel, which she caused to debouch into the palaceson either bank like a subterranean grotto ;

and she

roofed it on a level with the bed of the stream. Thefoundations were thus made stable, and also the

walls of the tunnel ; but as the pitch required waterin order to set as hard as stone, the Euphrates waslet in again to flood the roof, and so the bridge

1 A plethron was equal to 101 English feet.

75

cap. teal wBe earrj rb êvypa. rd Be fiacriXeia ^cCXkw,

yu,ez> iqperrrai kcli air avrcov aarparrrei, uaXapuoc

Be /cal dvBpcoves Kal aroac, rd pev dpyvpw, rd Be

Xpvaois v<f>dafjLaGi, rd Be y^pvotp avrw Kaddirep

ypa<f>ai<; r)y\dlarai, rd Be iroiKiXpara ra>v ireirXcov

€K T(hv 'RXXrjVlKOOV (7<f>l<JLV T}K€l \6jCOV,'

AvBpOpLeBat

/cal 'A/jLV/jLwvai Kal 'Oyoêi)? TroXXaôv. yaipovaiSe ra> 'Opcpel, ridpav IVw? teal dva^vplBa ripLoyvres,

ov yap fxovaiKrjV ye, ovBe wBds, al? eOeXyev.

evvfyavrai ttov /cal 6 Adn<; rr)v Nafoz/ e/c t%OaXdrrrjs dvaarrcov, /cal 'Apra(f)epvr)<; irepiearrjKOi^

rrjv 'JLperpiav, /cal rwv dfupl aep^r/v, a vlkclv

e<f>a(T/cev 'A6r)vat yap Br) eôpieval elai /cal (deppo-

irvXai Kal rd Mr/8i/ccorepa en, irorapuol eâipov-

jxevoi r/}? yr)9 er/JbrjOrj. <f>ao~lBe Kal dvBpcovi evrvêlv, ov rbv

opocfeov e? OoXov dvrjÔai a^rjpa ovpavcp rivi

eiKaapevov, crairêipivr) Be avrbv Karr)pi(f)Oai XlOo) —

Kvavcordrr) Ber) XtOos Kal ovpavia IBelv—Kal

Oecov dydX/Aara, ovs voplôvcnv, IBpvrai ctvco Kal

Xpvcrd (paLverai, Kaddirep/ ef aWepos. BiKaêi

fiev Brj 6 fiao-iXevs evravOa, y^pvaal Be ivyyes

drroKpepavrai rod 6p6<f>ov rerrapes, rrjv 'ABpd-areiav avrtp irapeyyvoyaai Kal rb p,r) virep rovs

dvdp(07rov<; acpeaOai. ravras ol pdyoi avroi

(paaiv dppuorreaOai, (frotrwvres e? rd ftaalXeia,

KaXovac Be avrds dewv yXoorras,

76


stood solid. And the palaces are roofed with bronze, chap.

and a glitter goes off from them;but the chambers xxv

of the women and of the men and the porticos are Greek

adorned partly with silver, and partly with golden ^r

^s of

tapestries or curtains, and partly with solid gold in Babylon

the form of pictures ; but the subjects embroideredon the stuffs are taken by them from Hellenic story,Andromedas being represented, and Amumonae, and

you see Orpheus everywhere. And they delight in

Orpheus, perhaps out of regard for his peaked capand breeches, for it cannot be for his music or the

songs with which he charmed and soothed others.

And woven into the pattern you perceive Datis

drawing up Naxos out of the sea, and Artaphernesbeleaguering Eretria, and such battles of Xerxes as hesaid he won. For a little further off, of course, there

is Athens and Thermopylae, and other pictures still

more to the Median taste, such as rivers drained from Juvenal x.

off the land and a bridge over the sea and the piercingof Athos. But they say that they also visfbed a

man's apartment of which the roof had been carried

up in the form of a dome, to resemble in a mannerthe heavens, and that it was roofed with sapphire,a stone that is very blue and like heaven to the eye ;

and there were images of the gods, which theyworship, fixed aloft, and looking like golden figures

shining out of the ether. And it is here that the

king gives judgement, and golden wrynecks are hungfrom the ceiling, four in number, to remind him of

Adrastea, the goddess of justice, and to engage himnot to exalt himself above humanity. These figuresthe Magi themselves say they arranged ;

for theyhave access to the palace, and they call them the

tongues of the gods.

77

XXVI

cap. Tlepl Be rwv fidycov *AttoW(dvios pev to airo^pwv

etprj/ce, avyyeveaOai yap avrols /cat ra pev fiaOelv,

ra Be dire'X.Oelv BiBd^as, Aa/u? Be tou? fxev \6yovs,oloi eyevovro ra> dvBpl 7T/0O9 tovs pdyovs ov/c dlBev,

dirayopevaai yap avro) pr) avpucfyoirdv irap avrovs

16vn, \eyet 6° ovv (froirdv avrbv to£? fidyois

fjbearrjfiftpias re /cal afi(j>l fieaa? vv/cras, ical epeaOai7tot€

" n oi pudyoi;" rov Be diroKplvacrOai "ao<f)ol

fiev, a\X' ov iravra?

XXVII

CAP. Tavrl jxev varepov. dcpi/copuevG) Be avrd) e?

BaftvXcova 6 aarpd7T7]<; 6 eirl rwv pueydXcov

irvktov fiadcov on virep laTopias tjkol, opeyei

yjpvar)v el/cova rov flao-iXecos, fjv el pJr) irpoaKV-

vrjcreie nsy ov Oeparbv rjv ea(f)otrdv eo~co. irpea-

(Bevovn fiev ovv irapd rov 'Pcopbalcov dpyovTOS

ovBepia dvdy/cr) tovtov, irapd ftapftdpcov Be tjicovti

y) dfyiQ-ropovvn ttjv %d)pav, el purj rr]v el/cbva

nvpoQepaizevaeiev, drifiov direCkrj^Oai' /cat aarpa-ireverai irapd rots 0ap/3dpoL<; ra ovtw? evrjO?].

ewel Tolvvv rrjv el/cova elBe"

Tt?," e(f>7],

"ovros ;

"

d/covo~a<; Be on 6 ftao-iXevs" ovro?" elirev,

" ov

v/iel? 7rpoa/cvve?re, el eiraiveQeir) vtt e/xov A-aXo?

/cdyaOos B6£a<; fieydkcov Tevjjerar" /cal elircbv

78


XXVI

With respect to the Magi, Apollonius has said all chap.

that there is to be said, how he associated with them I

and learned some things from them, and taught them interviews

others before he went away. But Damis is not the Ma£*

acquainted with the conversations which the sageheld with the Magi, for the latter forbade him to

accompany him in his visits to them; so he tells us

merely that he visited the Magi at mid-day and about

mid-night, and he says that he once asked his master :

"What of the Magi?" and the latter answered:"They are wise men, but not in all respects."

XXVII

But of this later on. When then he arrived at chap.

Babylon, the satrap in command of the great gatesxxvn

having learnt that he had come to see the country, ^worshipheld out a golden image of the king, which everyone the king's

* imagemust kiss before he is allowed to enter the city.Now an ambassador coming from the RomanEmperor has not this ceremony imposed upon him,but anyone who comes from the barbarians or

just to look at the country, is arrested with dishonourunless he has first paid his respects to this image.Such are the silly duties committed to satraps amongbarbarians. When therefore Apollonius saw the

image, he said: "Who is that?" And on beingtold that it was the king, he said :

" This king whomyou worship would acquire a great boon, if I merelycommended him as of an honourable and good re-

putation." And with these words he passed through

79

cap. ravra Bid rrvXwv rjei. Oavjxdcra^ Be 6 aarpairr]^

avrov €7rr)Ko\ov07]o-e re /cal /caraaôov rrjv yelpa

rov''

KttoXXcdviov BS eppir)veo<; rjpero ovo/jlcl re avrov

/cal ol/cov /cal 6 ri eTTirrjBevoi /cali(fi'

6 ri<j)oiT<prj,

/cal diroypa-^dpievo^ ravra e? ypajjbjjiarelov aroXyvre avrov /cal elBos e/ceivov p>ev irepi/xeivai /ceXevei,

XXVIII

cap. Apa/jbcbv Be avrbs irapa robs avBpas, oi Bij vo/u-

ôvrai fiaaiXecos wra, dvarvrrol rov 'AwoXXcoviov,

irpoeoircov on fir/re rrpoaKvvelv fiovXerai /xrjre ri

av6pQ)7TG) eoi/cev ol Be dyeiv KeXevovcn rifioyvrd re

/cal firjBev vftpet, rrparrovra, errei Be rfxOev, rjpero

avrov 6 irpea/Bvraros 6 re fiaOcbv Kara^povyaeierov ftao-iXews, 6 Be

" ovrra)"€(prj,

"Karefypovrjaa."

"/caracf)pov7]o-eta<; 8' av ;

*rrdXiv epofievov,

"vr]

At'," elirev,"

r}v ye gvyyevofievos //,?)/caXov re /cal

ayaOov evpco avrovT "dirdyeis Be hrj rlva avr&

Boipa ;

"rov Be av rr\v re dvBpeiav /cal Bi/caioavvrjv

real ra roiavra (f>rjo-avro<;"rrorepov? ecprj,

"&>?

ovk eyovri ; fia Hi , eiirev, aXX C09 p,avi]-

ao/jbev(p %p?]o-0ai,r)v eyrj avrds"(</cal puyv ypcoêvog

TouTOi?," ecjyrj,

"rrjv re (BaaiXeiav, r)v opas, diro-

XcoXvlav avrw dve\a/3e, rov re ol/cov erravriyaye

rovrov, ov/c drrovoa^ ovBe paQvjxw^y "iroarov Be

By rovro eVo? rf) dva/crrjOeicrr} dpyrj ;

" "rpirov"

80


the gate. But the satrap was astonished, and cap.

followed him, and taking hold of his hand, he asked xxvn

him through an interpreter his name and his familyand what was his profession and why he camethither ;

and he wrote down the answers in a bookand also a description of his dress and appearance,and ordered him to wait there.

XXVIII

But he himself ran off to the persons who are chapknown as the " Ears of the King

"and described xxvm

Apollonius to them, after first telling them both that £rfng

U

he refused to do homage and that he was not the towards

least like other men. They bade him bring him king™'

along, and show him respect without using anyviolence

;and when he came the head of the

department asked him what induced him to flout

the king, and he answered :" I have not yet flouted

him." " But would you flout him ?"was the next

question.(i

Why, of course I will," said Apollonius,"

if on making his acquaintance I find him to beneither honourable, nor good."

"Well, and what

presents do you bring for him ?"

Apolloniusanswered afresh that he brought courage and justiceand so forth. " Do you mean," said the other, "to

imply that the king lacks these qualities ?" "

No,indeed," he answered,

" but I would fain teach himto practise them, in case he possesses them." "Andsurely it was by practising these qualities," said the

other," that he has recovered the kingdom, which

you behold, after he had lost it, and has restored his

house,—no light task this nor easy."" And how

many years is it since he recovered his kingdom ?"

81

VOL. I. G

FLAVIUS PH1LOSTRATUS

cap.€<f>r),

ff apfto/JLeOa, Bvo tjBtj ttov fxrjve^r avaarrjaa^

ovv, ooonrep eloodeu, rrjv yvcofirjv" w o-cop,aTo<f)vXa!;,"

eiirev,"

rj 6 rl ae irpoarjicei teaXelv, Aapeios 6 K.v-

pov teal Âpraêpôv 7rarr]p tcl (BacrLXeia ravra

Karaa^wv efjtfteovTa, olfiai, errj XeyeTai TeXevTtjv

v7ro7TT€vo-as tov ftiov rfj Baeaioavvr) dvaai, teal

"0) BeaTroiva," elirelv,

"r\ ri9 7tot€ eZ*" cocnrep

eTndvfitfaas fxev iraXai t^9 Bucaioavvrjs, ovttco Be

avrrjv yiyvcoa/ccov, ovBe Botceov K€KTr)(T$ai, too iralBe

re ovrcoâfiaOo)^ eiralBevaev, co? oirXa eir' akXrjkovs

apaaQai, teal 6 puev rpooOrjvai, 6 Be diroOavelv virb

tov eripov, o~v B* r}Br) tovtov tea? ovB' iv rep (Ba-

aiXeicp 6pov(p teadrjaOai, elBora ^vvetXr)(f>evaL 6/jlov

iraaas apera? (SovXei teal enralpeis avTov aol

(fyepcov, ovte 4/jlol, teepBos, el fteXTicov yevocTO."

B\€^ra9 ovv 6 ftdpftapos e? tov ttXtjgiov"epjuai-

ov"€(f>r),

"Oecov T£9 ayei rovrovl tov avBpa evTavda,

dyaOo? yap Ijvyyevofievos dyaOcp iroXXq) fteXTioo

tov ftaaiXia rjfuv dtroâvel teal aoo(j)poveaT€pov

teal t/Bloo, TavTl yap BiafyaiveTai tov dvBpos"eaeOeov ovv evayyeXiô/juevoi 7racnv, oti dvrjp eirl

Tat? ftaaiXecos Oupaa eaTojteoi o-o</>09 Te ical "ILXXtjv

teal ^v/n/3ovXo<; dyaOos.

82


" This is the third year since/' answered the chap.

other," which year began about two months ago."

xxvni

Apollonius, then as was his custom, upheld his

opinion and went on :" O bodyguard, or whatever I

ought to call you, Darius the father of Cyrus and of

Artaxerxes was master of these palaces, I think, for

60 years, and he is said, when he felt that his endwas near at hand, to have offered a sacrifice to Justice

and to have addressed her thus :'O lady mistress, or

whosoever thou art.' This shows that he had longloved justice and desired her, but as yet knew her

not, nor deemed that he had won her;and he brought

up his two sons so foolishly that they took up arms

against one another, and one was wounded and the

other killed by his fellow. Well, here is a kingwho perhaps does not know that he is firmly seated

on the throne, and you would have me believe that

he combines already all virtues, and' you extol him,

though, if he does turn out fairly good, it is you andnot I that will gain thereby."The barbarian then glanced at his neighbour and

said :" Here is a windfall ! 'tis one of the gods who

has brought this man here;

for as one good man

associating with another improves him, so he will

much improve our king, and render him more

temperate and more gracious ;for these qualities are

conspicuous in this man." They accordingly ran

into the palace and told everybody the good news,that there stood at the king's gates a man who waswise and a Hellene, and a good counsellor.

83

G 2

XXIX

cap. 'Eêl Be too /3acriXeL dvr/yyeXr) ravra, ervê fievXXIX n / t > ^ ~ / \\f\riavcov Trapovrcov aura) tcov /naycov, ra yap lepa vtt

e/celvocs hparai, /caXeaas Be avrcov eva "rj/cei," ecferj," to evviTViov, o Birjyovfirjv croi Trj/j,epov Ittio-ko-

irovfievw /me ev jfi euvfj."' ovap Be dpa tw (BaariXel

TOiovrova<f)

nucTO' eBo/cei, 'Aprafe/5^79 elvai 6 tov

Eepôv /cal fiedeo-TrfKevai e'<? eicelvov to elBos,

7T6/3tSe&)? T€ e2%6, fit) e? fjL€Ta/3o\r)v rfBrj tcl irpdy-

fjucLTa rj/crj avTtpy e? tovto e^yovfievw ttjv fxeTa-

poXi^v tov ecBov ?. eVel Be rj/covaev "FtXXrjvd re

/cal aocjibv elvai tov rj/covra, eorfxOev avTov ®e/u-

aTO/cXr)? o'

AOrjvalos, 09 curb 'JLXXtjvcov iroTe rj/ccov

%vveyeveTO t<w 'ApTagepgy /cal 7roXXov d^tove/celvov Te eirolrjaev eavTov Te irapeo-yeTO. ical

TrpoTdvas tt)v Be^Lav"

/cciXet," ecf)r],

"/cal yap av

/cat airo tov /caWicrTov apâiTO %vv6vaa$ Te /cal

^vvev^dfievos"

XXX

cap. Qlo-yei fiev By irapaireîivojxevo^ virb 7T\ei6vcov,

tovti yap wovto /cab to) paoriXet yapiêovai fia-

OovTes C09 yâipoi dfyiyjxevcp, Bttcov Be e? tcl ffaalXeiaov BieftXetyev e? ovBev tcov Oavfiaô/nevcov, a\VtOGirep oBoLTvopodv Bcrjei avTti, /cal /caXeaa? tov

Adfiiv"rjpov yite," e(j>r),

"7rp(br)v, 6 to ovo/na rjv tt}

Uafi(j)vXo) yvvai/cl, r) Br) %air(f>oZ Te ojjitXrjaai

84

XXIX

When these tidings were brought to the king, he chap.

happened to be sacrificing in company with ther

XXIX

Magi, for religious rites are performed under their weiCom<fs

supervision. And he called one of them and said :him a

*j

a

" The dream is come true, which I narrated to you Themisto-

to-day when you visited me in my bed." Now the cles

dream which the king had dreamed was as follows : he

thought that he was Artaxerxes, the son of Xerxes,and that he had altered and assumed the latter' s

form ;and he was very much afraid lest some change

should come over the face of his affairs, for so he

interpreted his change of appearance. But when heheard that it was a Hellene, and a wise man, that

had come, he remembered about Themistocles of

Athens, who had once come from Greece and hadlived with Artaxerxes, and had not only held the

king in singular esteem, but had made himself

equally esteemed by him. So he held out his righthand and said :

" Call him in, for it will make the

best of beginnings, if he will join with me in mysacrifice and prayer."

XXX

Accordingly Apollonius entered escorted by a chap.

number of people, for they had learnt that the kingxxx

was pleased with the new comer and thought that ^sensible*

this would gratify him; but as he passed into the to the

palace, he did not glance at anything that others splendours

admired, but he passed them by as if he was still

travelling along the high-road, and calling Damis to

him he said :" You asked me yesterday what

85

cap. XeyeTCU Kal rot>9 vfivovs, ovs e? tt)v "Aprefiiv ttjv

Tlepyaiav aBovai, fjvvOelvac rbv AloXecov re Kal

Ua{i(j)v\a)v rpo-KOvT"

r}p6/jL7)i>" e(f)rj,

" to Be

ovo/jlcl ovk elira^y"ovk, w ^prjo-re, elirov, aXX*

€^7]yOVfJU7]V (JOL TOVS VO/JLOV^ TWV VjJbVWV KCU TO,

OVO/jLCLTCI, KOI 0TT7] TOL AloXeCOV 6? TO VLKpOTCLTOV T€

real to tBiov Ua/jL(f)v\cov iraprjXXage' 777)09 dXXw

/JL6TCL TCLVTO, eyeVO/JLeOd, KOI OV/C6T TjpOV /JL€ 7T€pl TOV

ovo/JLaTov /caXetTac tolvvv r) ao<j)r] avTrj AafzocfrvXr),

Kal "XzyeTdL tov âirfyovs Tpoirov irapOevovs Te

6fjLL\r)Tpia<s KTijaaaOat Troirf/jbaTci re gvvdelvai to,

/J,€V €p(DTl/cd, TCL Be VfJLVOVS. TCI TOL €9 TT)V "ApT€/MVKal 7rapoj&r}Tai avTrj Kal dirb tcov %a7T(f)a>oov

f)GTai" oaov fiev Br} dnrelê tov eKireirXr)'^dai

/3aacXea T€ Kal oy/cov, iBrjXov tw /xrjBe 6(f)daX/JL(bv

afjia rjyecadai tcl Totai)Ta, aXXa eTepcov irepi

BiaXeyeaOac KaKelva Brjirov. ov% r)yela6ai bpav.

XXXI

cap. UpoiBcbp Be 6 ftaaCXevs irpocnovTa, Kal yap tl

Kal fxrjKos r) tov lepov avXr) elê, BieXaXrjare Te

777)09 to l>9 eyyv<;, olov dvayiyvooaKcov tov avBpa,

irXrjaLov T€ rjBr) ytyvofievov fieya dva/3oi]o~as,"0UT09," e<f>r],

"6 'AttoXXojvios, bv M.eyaf3aTrj<; 6

86


was the name of the Pamphylian woman who is chap.

said to have been intimate with Sappho, and toxxx

have composed the hymns which they sing in

honour of Artemis of Perga, in the Aeolian and

Pamphylian modes." "Yes, I did ask you/' said

Damis," but you did not tell me her name." "

I

did not tell you it, my good fellow, but I explainedto you about the keys in which the hymns are

written, and I told you their names ; and how the

Aeolian strains were altered into the highest key of

all, that which is peculiar to the Pamphylians. After

that we turned to another subject, for you did not

ask me again about the name of the lady. Well, she

is called,—this clever lady is,

—Damophyle, and she

is said, like Sappho, to have had girl friends andto have composed poems, some of which were love-

songs and others hymns. The particular hymn to

Artemis was transposed by her, and has been sung

by the following of Sappho." How far then he

was from being astonished at the king and his pompand ceremony, he showed by the fact that he did

not think such things worth looking at, but wenton talking about other things, as if he did not

think the palace worth' a glance.

XXXI

Now the king caught sight of him approaching, chap.

for the vestibule of the Temple was of considerable

length, and insisted to those by him that he attend the

recognised the sage ;and when he came still nearer

Orificehe cried out with a loud voice and said: "This is of a horse

Apollonius, whom Megabates, my brother,* said he

87

cap. e/A09 dBeX<f)bs IBetv ev'''

hvrtoyeta cfyrjcrl 6av/j,a£6-

fxevbv re teal TrpoaKWovfxevov inrb rcov cnrovBatcov,

teal drre^coypd^rjae /jloi rbre rotovrov avrov,

oirolo? rj/cei.'* rrpoaeXOovra Be teal do-iraaafxevov

Trpoaelrrre re 6 j3aac\€v<; (f)o)vfj 'JLXXdBt, teal Bye/ceXevae Bvetv puer avrod' Xevicbv Be dpa lttttov

rcbv o~<^6Bpa Ntaatcov /caradvcretv e/xeXXe rep(

H\i(p <fraXdpot<s /coa/jL7]cra<;, coarrep e? rropbrr^v,

6 S' v7roXaj3o)V"

o~v ptev, co /SacrtXev, 6ve"ecpr),

" rbv aavrov rporrov, iptol Be %vyyj£>pY)aov dvaat

rbv eptavrov'"

teal Bpa^dptevos rov Xt/3avcorov,

""HXte," etfyrfj

"irefiire fie ec/>'

oaov Tr}<? 7779 epuoi

re teal ao\ Bo/cet, teal ytyvayatcot/jLt avBpa? dyaOovs,

(fravXovs Be ptrjre eyoo ptdOotptt ptijre epte <pavXot."teat etrrcov ravra rbv Xtfiavcorbv e'9 to rrvp rj/cev,

emaKe-^rdptevo^ Be avrb 07rrj Btavtararat ical 07rrj

OoXovrat, ical orrbaats icopvfyals arret, /cat ttov ko\

e^arrro/Jbevo^ rov wvpos, otttj evarjpubv re ical

KaOapbv (f>atvotro" 0ve"

ecferj,

"Xotirov, a) ftaatXev,

Kara ret aavrov rrdrpta, xct yap irdrpta rd/xarotavra."

XXXII

cap. Kal dve^copyae rf}%0vaias, &>9 ptv fcotvcovotT] rov

atptaros. pterct Be rrjv Ovaiav rrpoarjXde /cat"

co

ftaatXev," e^rj,"

rrjv (pcovrjv rrjv 'EXXdBa rrdaav

ytyvcioaicets, tj aptticpd avrrj^ vrrep rov evgvptfioXov

tacos Ka\ rov ptrj drjBr)? Botcetv, el rts d<f)i/cotro

. 88


saw in Antioch, the admired and respected of serious chap.

people ;and he depicted him to me at that time just

XXXT

such a man as now comes to us." And when

Apollonius approached and saluted him, the kingaddressed him in the Greek language and invited

him to sacrifice with him;and it chanced that he was

on the point of sacrificing to the Sun as a victim a

horse of the true Nisaean breed, which he had adornedwith trappings as if for a triumphal procession.But Apollonius replied :

" Do you, O king, go onwith your sacrifice, in your own way, but permit meto sacrifice in mine." And he took up a handful of

frankincense and said :" O thou Sun, send me as

far over the earth as is my pleasure and thine, and

may I make the acquaintance of good men, but never

hear anything of bad ones, nor they of me." Andwith these words he threw the frankincense into the

fire, and watched to see how the smoke of it curled

upwards, and how it grew turbid, and in how manypoints it shot up ;

and in a manner he caught the

meaning of the fire, and watched how it appeared of

good omen and pure. Then he said: "Now, Oking, go on with your sacrifice in accordance with

your own traditions, for my traditions are such as

you see."

XXXII

And he quitted the scene of^acrifice in order not chap.

to be present at the shedding of blood. But afterxxxn

the sacrifice was over he approached and said :" O hi?seif"

king, do you know the Greek tongue thoroughly, jJJ^j}®or have you a smattering of it perhaps, in order

to be able to express yourself and appear polite in

89

cap. "EWr/v ;

" "irao-dv^ elirev,

" laa rfj ey^copla)

ravrrjy /cal Xeye 6 ri ftovXei, Bid rovro yap ttov

ejOWTa?' T"Bid touto," e<f>rj,

"/cat a/cove'

r\ puev

opfjurj fjuoL T/79 awoBrj/jLLas 'JvBoi elai, irapeXdelv Be

ov& v/Acis iftovXrjO'qv, ae re a/covcov avBpa, olov e'f

ovw%os 7]Srj opco, crofyiav re, rjirep vjmv earcv

iirv)(Gipi,o? Xeyovrai, <rocf>OL eicri'

<ro<f)ia Be ifiol Uvdayopov %ap,iov dvBpos, 09 deovs

re Oepairevetv a>Be jxe eBcBdâro, /cal ^vvievai o-<f>oyv

opa)/j,evcov re /cal ov% opcopuevayv, (f)oirav re e'9

Biakeîv Oecjv, ical yrjuvro tovtco ipum i<rrdX0ac,

ov yap irpofiaTov erreÔri, aXX' d/cr)paro<$ d/cypd-

rcov (fyverai, vBaro? re /cal yf}$ Bwpa, oOovrj' /cal

avrb Be to averov rfjs Kofjur)? etc TivOayopov eirr]-

a/crjera, /cal to /caOapeveiv %cpov fiopas e/c t%e/ceivov pboi <ro(pLa<; rjKei. ^vfjuiroT^ puev Brj /cal

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Bvaevpercov Boirjv dv Xvaeis, ov yiyvcocrKcov ra

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/cal dXXa twv eavra> e'9 BidXefjov elprjpbevoov €9

eTTio~ToXa<; dvervirdyaaro.

90


case any Greek arrives ?" "I know it thoroughly/' chap.

replied the king," as well as I do my native

xxxn

language ; so say you what you like, for this I

suppose is the reason why you put the question to

me." " It was my reason/' said the other;

" so

listen. The goal of my voyage is India, but I hadno intention of passing you by ; for I heard that

you were such a man as from a slight acquaintance I

already perceive you to be, and was desirous also of

examining the wisdom which is indigenous amongyou and is cultivated by the Magi, and of findingout whether they are such wise theologians as theyare reported to be. Now my own system of wisdomis that of Pythagoras, a man of Samos, who taughtme to worship the gods in the way you see, and to

be aware of them whether they are seen or not seen,^and to be frequent in my converse with them, and to

dress myself in this land-wool;for it was never worn

by sheep, but is the spotless product of spotless

parents, the gift of water and of earth, namelylinen. And the .very fashion of letting my hair

grow long, I have learnt from Pythagoras as part of

his discipline, and also it is a result of his wisdomthat I keep myself pure from animal food. I cannottherefore become either for you or for anybody else

a companion in drinking or an associate in idleness

and luxury ;but if you have problems of conduct

that are difficult and hard to settle, I will furnish youwith solutions, for I not only know matters of

practice and duty, but I even know them beforehand."Such was the conversation which Damis declares the

sage to have held;and Apollonius himself composed

a letter containing them, and has sketched out in his

epistles much else of what he said in conversation.

9i

XXXIII

xxxni'^7r€^ ê XalPeiV o ficuriXevs ecprj teal aydWeaOai

T)KOVTl fJLCbXXoV, Tj el TCL TlepGCOV Kdl 'YvBbiV 7T/0O?

roh ovgiv ai)TG> eKTrjaaro, %evov re iroielaOai ical

koivwvov Trjs fiaaikeiov areyrj^, "el eyco ae,» o)

ftacrCkev," elirev,"

e? irarpiha rrjv e/jLrjv Tvava

r\K,ovra rjîovv ol/cecv ov eyco, ol/crjcrai av r)pa<$ ; 7"fid At'/' elirev,

"el

fjurj Toaavrrjv ye ol/clav oIktj-

crecv efxeXKov, oirocrrjv Bopvcfiopovs re teal acofMaro-

cfivXatcas ifjLOVs avTov re e/xe Xa/jbirpS}^ Be%acr6ai""6 at»T09 ovv," ecfyrj,

"zeal Trap1

ifiov \6yo$' el yap

virep e/jLCLVrbv ol/crjcra), 7rovr)pcos htairrjaofjiai, to

yap virepftdXkov Xvirel tovs crocf)ovs fxaKkov rj

vfias to eWelirov £evt,£eTco jne ovv IShottjs eywvoirocra eyco, crol Be €70) ^vvecrofiai, oirocra ftovXei,"

^vve^copec 6 fiacrtXevs, &>? firj "drjBes tl avTw

XdOot 7rpdi;as, koX (p/cycre 7rap* dvBpl T5a/3v\a)viq)

Xprjo-TG) tc /cal aXXto? yevvaiw. BenrvovvTi he

jjBrj evvovôs etyiGTaTai twv Ta? dyyeXias Bia-

(frepovTcov, /cal irpocreiircbv tov avBpa"ffao-iXevs,"

e<f>r),

"BwpeiTal o~e Betca Bcopeals ical TroceiTat icvpiov

tov eirayyelXau avTas, BeiTai Be crovfirj /utepd

alTrjaai, fieya~ko(f>poavvr)v yap evBetâaOac aol tc

teal i]plv ftovXeTai." eiraivecras Be ttjv eTrayyeXiav'* 7TOT6 ovv xpr) airelv ;

"rjpeTO, 6 Be

"avpiov" e(f>r],

teal a/jua ecfiolTrjcre irapa irdvTas tovs j3ao~i\eQ)$

92


XXXIII

Since the king said that he was more pleased and chap.

delighted with his arrival than if he had added toxxxm

his own possessions the wealth of Persia and India, Sgeintticand added that Apollonius must be his guest and palace

share with him the royal roof, Apollonius remarked :

P Supposing, O king, that you came to my countryof Tyana and I invited you to live where I live,

would you care to do so ?" " Why no," answered

the king, "sinless I had a house to live in that was

big enough to accommodate not only my escort and

bodyguard, but myself as well, in a handsomemanner." "Then," said the other, "I may use the

same argument to you ;for if I am housed above my

rank, I shall live ill at ease, for superfluity distresses

wise men more than deficiency distresses you. Letme therefore be entertained by some private personwho has the' same means as myself, and I will visit

with you as often as you like." The king concededthis point, lest he should be betrayed into doinganything that might annoy him, and Apolloniustook up his quarters with a gentleman of Babylonof good character and besides high-minded. Butbefore he had finished dinner one of the eunuchswho carry messages presented himself and addressedhim thus :

" The king," he said," bestows upon you

ten presents, and leaves you free to name them ;

but he is anxious that you should not ask for small

trifles, for he wishes to exhibit to you and to us his

generosity." Apollonius commended the message,and asked: " Then when am I to ask for them?"And the messenger replied :

" To-morrow," and at

once went off to all the king's friends and kinsmen

93

cap. (j)i\ov<; re teal %vyyevels, irapelvai tceXevcov al%ovvTL

teal Ti/jL(Ofiev(0 tw dvBpl. cfrrjalBe 6 Aa/u? ^vvievai

jxev, otl fArjBev alrrjaoL, tov re rpoirov avrov

Ka6ecopa/coos teal elBcbs evyopuevov ro?9 6eoU ev^Wrocavrrjv'

" w 6eoi, BolrjTe fioc juLtepd e%eiv teal

BelcrOai /jLr)&€v6<z" eêarrjKora fxevrou opcov teal

ev0v/jbov/jLev(p o/jlolov oieadai &)? alrrjaot fiev,

ftacraviÔL Be, 6 tl fieXkei atTrjcreiv. 6 Be eairepa^

r)Br) "w Aa/xt," e<j)7),

"Oecopto Trpos ifiavrov, ef

orov irore ol fidpfiapoi tov<; evvov^pv^ Goatypovas

rjyovvrai teal e? ras yvvaitcoovLTiBas ecrdyovTai."" aXXa tovto," e(j)7],

"<y ^KiroWcovte, kcu iraiBl

BrjXov e7T€iBr) yap o) to/jlt) to dcfrpoBicridêiv

aâipelrai <r<£a9, dvelvral acf>iaiv at yvvaitewvi-

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"t)

to %vyyiyve&6ai yvvaitjlv

eKTeTfirjaOai avTovs oiei ;""

a/jLcfxi)," ecpr],"el yap

crfteo-Oeir] to fxopiov vfi ov BioicrTpeLTao to awfia,

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"<*> Adju, fiddoLS av, oti

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eadyovTai Bia tmv ofyOaXfJLWv, ovte dirofiapaiveTac

aefrcov, aXVe/jL/jLevet, Oepjxov Te teal ^diirvpov, Bel

yap tl irepiireo-elv, o tov abv eXeyêi \6yov. el

Be teal re^vrj tis rjv dvOpwirela Tvpavvo? Te teal

BvvaTt) tcl TOiavTa €%co6e2v tt}? yvco/jir)*;, ovte av

[AOL BoKCO TOl)? eVV0Vy0V<$ 7TOT6 €9 TCL TO)V CTCD<f)pO-

vovvtcov r)0t) irpoaypdâL, teaTr)vayteao~/j.evovs ttjv

94


and bade them be present when the sage should chap.

prefer his demand and receive the honour. But XXXIn

Damis says that he expected him to ask for nothing,because he had studied his character and knew that

he offered to the gods the following prayer :" O ye His form

gods, grant unto me to have little and to want of prayer

nothing." However, as he saw him much pre-

occupied and, as it were, brooding, he determinedthat he was going to ask and was anxiously turningover in his mind, what he should ask. But at

eventide :"Damis," said Apollonius,

" I am thinking Discusses

over with myself the question of why the barbarians ^m^Damishave regarded eunuchs as men sufficiently chaste to

be allowed the free entry of the women's

apartments.""But," answered the other,

" OApollonius, a child could tell you. For inasmuch as

the operation has deprived them of the faculty, theyare freely admitted into those apartments, no matterhow far their wishes may go."

u But do you supposethe operation has removed their desires or the further

aptitude?" "Both," replied Damis, "for if youextinguish in a man the unruly member that lashes

the body to madness, the fit of passion will come onhim no more." After a brief pause, Apolloniussaid :

"To-morrow, Damis, you shall learn that

even eunuchs are liable to fall in love, and that

the desire which is contracted through the eyesis not extinguished in them, but abides alive and

ready to burst into a flame ;for that will occur

which will refute your opinion. And even if there

were really any human art of such tyrannic force

that it could expel such feelings from the heart, I

do not see how we cojrid ever attribute to them anychastity of character, seeing that they would have

95

cap.aodtypoo~vvr)v zeal ftiaLcp reyyrf e? to fir) epav

rjry/UL€VOVS. aQ)(j}pO(TVV7) jap TO 6p€y6fjL€VOV T€ KCLL

opfiwvra fir) r)rrda-6ai acj)po8i(TL(Dv, aX)C direyeo-Qai

Kal /cpeLTTco (fcaiveadai rr)<; Xvrrr)<; ravrr)?."

vrroXaftcbv ovv 6 A«/U9" ravra fiev Kal avQis

eiricrKetyofieQay ecfrrj,

"S) ÂwoXXcovie, a Be ^pr)

airoKpivaadai avpiov 777909 rr)v rov (SacriXews

eirayyeXiav Xapnrpav ovcrav BceaKe(f)0ai nrpoo~r)Kei.

alrr](T6L<; fiev yap tcr&)9 ovBev, to B\ oVft)? av fir)

aXXa), <fiacTL, TV(f)0) rrapairelcrQai BoKOir)?, direp av

6 fiaanXevs BlBo>, rovro opa /cal (pvXdrrov avro,

opcov ol rrj9 vvv fiev efyoBid eornv i)fiiv brrbaa

6? 'IvBous Trepfyai, erraviovoi Be eicelQev ovr av

diro^prfaai ravra, yevoiro Be ovk av erepa."

XXXIV

CAP. Kal roidBe vrreOaXirev avrbv reyyrf, fir) diraf; IGJ-

XXXIVaai Xaflelv, o rt BiBofor, 6 Be

'

AttoXXcovios cbarrep

£vXXa/if3dva)v avr& rod Xoyov"7rapaBeiyfidrcov

Be" elirev,"

co Adfit, dfieXrjcrets ; ev ol? ecmv, o>?

Aicr^Cvrj^ fiev 6 rod Avcraviov irapa Aoovvatov e?

îKeXiav vwep xprjfidrcov Sêro, UXdrcov Be rpls

dva/ierprjaai Xeyerai rr)v xCdpvftBtv virep irXovrov

^LKeXucovS Apiartmro^ Be o*&vpr)valo<; /cal 'EXlkcov

6 e/c Kvfyfcov Kal <&vrcov, or e(f>evyev, 6ri

Pr)yivo<;,

96


no choice, having been by sheer force and artificially chap.

deprived of the faculty of falling in love. For xxxni

chastity consists in not yielding to passion when the

longing and impulse is felt, and in the abstinence

which rises superior to this form of madness."

Accordingly Damis answered and said :

" Here is a

thing that we will examine another time, OApollonius ; but we had better consider now whatanswer you can make to-morrow to the king's

magnificent offer. For you will perhaps ask for

nothing at all, but you should be careful and be on

your guard lest you should seem to decline any giftthe king may offer, as they say, out of mere emptypride, for you see the land that you are in and that

we are wholly in his power. And you must be on

your guard against the accusation of treating himwith contempt, and understand, that although wehave sufficient means to carry us to India, yet whatwe have will not be sufficient to bring us back

thence, and we have no other supply to fall back

upon."

XXXIV

And by such devices he tried to wheedle Apollonius chap.

into not refusing to take anything he might be offered ;

XXXIV

but Apollonius, by way of assisting him in his argu- Jfnf

g?y

S

ment, said :"But, O Damis, are you not going to give gifts, and

me some examples ? Let me supply you with some : Damis

Aeschines, the son of Lysanias, went off to Dionysiusfor h

js

r* > n it»i •-!!• greedinessin Sicily in quest of money, and Plato is said thrice

to have traversed Charybdis in quest of the wealth

of Sicily, and Aristipjftis of Cyrene, and Helicon of

Cyzicus, and Phyton of Rhegium, when he was in

97

CAP. OVTCO Tl 69 TOL>9 AlOVVaiOV KaTeBvaaV 07)aaVpOV<Z,XXXIV

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fievov, virep ^prj/iaTcov re ofioXoyelv rJKeiv Kal

BiaXeyeaOai tw (BaaiXel virep tovtov, /cat Ivafir)

irXeiovs BiaftdXXco, ^TrevaiTrirov tov 'Adrjvatov

ovTco ti epaai^prjfiaTov yeveadai cpaaiv, &>9 eirl

tov KacrdvBpov ydfiov 69 MâKeBoviav Kcofidaai

Troirj/jLCiTa ^jrv^pd %vv6evTa, Kal Br)fioaia tcivO*

virep xprj/jLaTcov aaai. iyco Be r)yodfiai, to Adp,i,

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T69 T€ teal f;vv ottXois fiaypfievoi, cpOovos yap eir

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kclv irpoaeXOr) tco, /cav irpoaeiirr) /cav fir) irpoaeiirr).

Bel Be irecfypdyQai tov dvBpa, ycyvcocr/cetv re cos

dpyias fiev r)TTr)0eU 6 aocf>bs rj %oX^9 rj epcoTOS

rj cpiXoiroaias, rj eToifioTepbv tl tov icaipov irpdâs,

facos civ /cal gvyyvcbfirjv cpepoiTO, ^prjfiaai Be viro-

Oels eavTov ovt av £vyyivcbaKoiTO /cal fiiaoiT

av, ft>9 6/jlov irdaas /ca/clas avveiXrjcficos' fir) yapav r)TTr)6r)vai ^prjfiaTCOv avTov, el fir) yaaTpbstjtttjto Kal dfiire'xpvrjs ical ocvov /cal tov is

eTaipas cpepeaOai. av 8* lacos r)yfj to ev âftvXcovi

dfiapTelv r)TTOv elvai tov 'AOrfvrjaiv rj 'OXvfi-irlaaiv

rj TivOol, Kal ovk evdvfifj oti aocpep dvBplf

E\\a9 irdvTa, Kal ovBev eprjfiov rj ftdpftapov

ycopiov ovt€ r)yr)aeTai aocpbs ovtc vofuel, %cov

ye virb tois rrjs dpeTrjs ocpOaXfiois, Kal ffXeirei

98


exile, buried their noses so deep in the treasure- chap.houses of Dionysius, that they could barely tear XXXIV

themselves away. Moreover they tell of howEudoxus of Cnidus once arrived in Egypt andboth admitted that he had come there in questof money, and conversed with the king aboutthe matter. And not to take away more characters,

they say that Speusippus, the Athenian, was so fondof money, that he recited festal songs, when hereached Macedonia, in honour of Cassander's marriage,which were frigid compositions, and that he sangthese songs in public for the sake of money. Well, 1

think, O Damis, that a wise man runs more risk

than do sailors and soldiers in action, for envy is ever

assailing him, whether he holds his tongue or speaks,whether he exerts himself or is idle, whether he

passes by anything or takes care to visit anyone,whether he addresses others or neglects to address

them. And so a man must fortify himself and under-

stand that a wise man who yields to laziness or angeror passion, or love of drink, or who commits any other

action prompted by impulse and inopportune, will

probably find his fault condoned;but if he stoops to

greed, he will not be pardoned, but render himself

odious as a combination of all vices at once. For

surely they will not allow that he could be the slave

of money, unless he was already the slave of his

stomach or of fine raiment or of wine or of riotous

living. But you perhaps imagine that it is a lesser

thing to go wrong in Babylon than to go wrong at

Athens or at the Olympian or Pythian games ; and

you do not reflect that a wise man finds Hellas

everywhere, and that a sage will not regard or

consider any place to be a desert or barbarous,

99

cap.fiev oXtyov? twv dvOpcoTrcov, fjbvpiois £' o/jbfiaariv

airro? opdrat. el Be Kal ddXrjTr) tjvvrjaOa tovtcov

tivi, w AdfM, oc iraXaieiv re teal irayKpaTidêiv

dcr/cov(Tiv, apa av r)%Lovs clvtov, el fievy

OXvfi7na

dyoovlôiTO koiX e?^

ApKaBlav tot,, yevvalov re Kal

dyaObv elvai, teal vr) A/', el TlvOia dyoiTO r)

Nefiea, eTrtfJueXelaOai tov aoo/AaTOS, eTretBrj (f>avepol

ol dywves Kal rd GTaBia ev (nrovhaicp Trjsf

E\Aa8o?, el Be Ovoi <&i\nnro<; 'OXvfiTria TroXew

rjprjKGos, r) 6 tovtov irais 'AXelijavBpos iirl rat?

eavrov vi/cais dywva dyoi, êlpov r/Br] irapacncevd-

%eiv to croifia Kal fxr) (fyiXovLKG)? eêtv, eTretBr) ev}

OXvv69 ^vyKaXmjrao-0al Tee'<£' oh avTos

elprjKcbs eTV)(e, TrapaiTeladal T€ tov'

AitoXXooviov

^vyyvco/jbrjv avTW eêov, el firjiro) KaTavevorjKQ)*;

clvtov 69 ^v/jLôvXlav T€ fcal 7rei0a) ToiavTrjv

(bpfirjcrev. 6 Be dvaXa/nftdvcov clvtov "ddppei?

ecpr)," ov yap eTriirXîv TTOLOV\xevo^, dXXd tov/jlov

v7roypd(j)6JV aoc TavTa elirov."

ioo


because he, at any rate, lives under the eyes of chap.

virtue, and although he only sees a few men, yet he XXX1V

is himself looked at by ten thousand eyes. Now if

you came across an athlete, Damis, one of those who

practise and train themselves in wrestling and box-

ing, surely you would require him, in case he were

contending in the Olympic games, or went to

Arcadia, to be both noble in character and good ;

nay more, if the Pythian or Nemean contest were

going on, you would require him to take care of his

physique, because these arenas and race-courses are

well known and held in respect by Hellas;would you

then, if Philip were sacrificing with Olympic rites

after capturing certain cities, or if his son Alexanderwere holding games to celebrate his victories, tell the

man forthwith to neglect the training of his bodyand to leave off being keen to win, because the

contest was to be held in Olynthus or in Macedoniaor in Egypt, rather than among the Hellenes, andon your native race-courses ?

"These then were

the arguments by which Damis declares that hewas so impressed as to blush at what he had said,

and to ask Apollonius to pardon him for having

through imperfect acquaintance with him, venturedto tender him such advice, and use such arguments.But the sage caught him up and said: " Never mind,for it was not by way of rebuking and humbling youthat I spoke thus, but in order to give you someidea of my own point of view."

XXXV

xxxv 'Acfri/copbevov Be tov evvovyov /cal /caXovvTO?

avTov rcapd tov ftaaiXea"a^lôfxat,^ elirev,

"€7T€l8aV TCL 7T/00? TOU? #eOU? €V pLOl eXV" 6vcraS

ovv koX ev^dpuevos airyet, TrepiftXeTropievos re ical

6avfjLa%6jjL€Vos tov o-^rjfjiaTO^. &>? Be eaco nraprfkOe,11

BiBco/jLL o~oi," e(pr] 6 fiaaiXevs,"Be/ca Bcopeds,

dvBpa o~e r/yovpuevos, olos oviroo T£? airo 'RWrjvcov

Bevpy

rfkBev?' 6 Be vjroXaftcov" ov Tracra?/' elirev,

"o) /3ao-tXev, irapaiTâopbat, puiav Be, r/v dvrl

7toWcov BetcdBcov alpovpuai, irpoOvpbws alrtjcra)•"

/cal dfjLa tov irepl tcov 'Eperpieayv BirjXOe Xoyov,

dvaXaf3o)v dirb tov AdriBos."alrco ow," e(j)i],

"pur) irepLKOirTeaOai tovs ddXiovs tovtovs tcov

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pueTpov t?}? 7%, o Aapeios evopuccre, Beivbv yap, el

ttjs avTcov e/ciretrovTes purjo^ r)v dvT e/celvrjs eyovatv,

egovcriv." ^WTiOepuevo? ovv 6 (3aaiXevs<(,

Epe-

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TToXepbtoL /cal 7ra,Tepcov epbcov yaav, eireiBr) oirXcov

iroTee<f)' rjpbds rjpâv, /cat, irapecopoiVTo, &)? to

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dya0o<>, 09 Bt/caicbaei tt/v yospav. ra? Be evvea

Bcopeds," tyVy "&ia> tI ov Xijijrr) ;

""on, 8) /3acri\ev,"

elirev,"ovitco cpiXovs evTavOa eKTrjadpurjv.^ "gwto?

102


XXXV

Now when the eunuch arrived and summoned him chap.before the king, he said :

** I will come as soon as I xxxv

have duly discharged my religious duties." Accord- Mercedesingly he sacrificed and offered his prayer, and then with the

departed, and everyone looked at him and wondered SfiJ"at his bearing. And when he had come within, of the

the king said :" I present you with ten gifts,

because I consider you such a man as never before

has come hither from Hellas." And he answeredand said :

" I will not, O king, decline all your gifts ;

but there is one which I prefer to many tens of

gifts, and for that I will most eagerly solicit."

And he at once told the story of the Eretrians,

beginning it from the time of Datis. "I ask then,"

he said," that these poor people should not be driven

away from their borders and from the hill, but

should be left to cultivate the span of earth, whichDarius allowed them

;for it is very hard if they are

not to be allowed to retain the land which wassubstituted for their own when they were driven out

of the latter." The king then consented and said :

"The Eretrians were, until yesterday, the enemies

of myself and of my fathers;for they once took up

arms against us, and they have been neglected in

order that their race might perish ;but henceforth

they shall be written among my friends, and theyshall have, as a satrap, a good man who will judgetheir country justly. But why," he said,

" will younot accept the other nine gifts?" "Because," he

answered,"

I have not yet, O king, made any friends

103

cap. Be ovBevbs Bey";"(ptfaavTOS'

"tcov ye Tpayrj-

puaTcov" e(j)rj,

" Kal tcov apToov, a fie r)Bea)$ re /cat

Xapurpoo^ eo"Tta."

XXXVI

cap. Toiavra Br) XaXovvTcov 7T/oo? dXXrjXovs, KpavyrjlXVI

tcov pacnXeicov e^€(f>OLTrjaev evvovôov toi yvvac-

kcov d/jua' etXrjTrTO Be apa evvov'^ps tis eirl pad

tcov rod ftacnXecos iraXXaKOiv i;vyKaTa/c€Lfiev6<; re

Kal oTrocra ol puotôl irpdrroov, Kal r\yov avTov ol

a/jL(f)l ttjv yvvaiKcoviTiv eTnaTrwvTes tt)? /cofirjs, bv

Br) ayovTai Tpbirov ol /3aatXecos BovXoi. eirel Be

6 TTpeafivTonos tcov evvov\cov epcovra puev t^?

yvvaiKos irakai r)o~6t)a6cu efyi],Kal irpoetpr)Kevat

ol pur) irpoaBiaXeyeaOai avrfj, /jurjBe airreaOai

Beprjs t) xeipos, pbrjBe Koapuelv tclvttjv puovr/v tcov

evBov, vvv Be Kal {jvyKaTaKel/xevov evpr)Kevai Kal

avBpiôjjLevov eirl ttjv yvvatKa, 6 puev 'AttoXXcovlos

e? tov Ad/MV elBev, ft)? Brj tov Xoyov diroBeBeiy-

puevov, o? icpiXoo-ocpeLTO avTols rrepl tov Kal

evvovywv to epdv elvai, 6 Be f3ao~iXevs irpbs tou?

•napbvTas" dXX* alaxpov ye" elirev,

"co avBpes,

7rap6vro<; r)puv !AttoXXwvlov irepl aco^poavvr)^

r)p,a<$, dXXd pur) TOVTOVy diroâivecrOai,' t£ ovv

KeXeveis,''

AiroXXcovie, iraOelv ai/Tov ;

"rl Be aXXo

r) £r)v ;

"elire irapd ttjv ttclvtcov drroKpivdpLevos

Botjav. dvepvdpidaas ovv 6 f3ao~i\evs" elra ov

7roXXcov,v

e<pr),"OavaTcov a%ios, vcpepircov ovtoos

104


here." " And do you yourself require nothing ?"chap.

said the king. "Yes/' he said, "I need dried fruitsxxxv

and bread, for that is a repast which delights meand which I find magnificent."

XXXVI

While they were thus conversing with one another chap.a hubbub was heard to proceed from the palace, of XXXVI

eunuchs and women shrieking all at once. And J^tnitivein fact an eunuch had been caught misbehaving with of the

one of the royal concubines just as if he were an Eunuchs°

adulterer. The guards of the harem were nowdragging him along by the hair in the way they do

royal slaves. The senior of the eunuchs accordinglydeclared that he had long before noticed he had anaffection for this particular lady, and had alreadyforbidden him to talk to her or touch her neckor hand, or assist her toilette, though he was free to

wait upon all the other members of the harem; yet

he had now caught him behaving as if he were the

lady's lover. Apollonius thereupon glanced at

Damis, as if to indicate that the argument they hadconducted on the point that even eunuchs fall in

love, was now demonstrated to be true; but the

king remarked to the bystanders :

"Nay, but it is

disgraceful, gentlemen, that, in the presence of

Apollonius, we should be enlarging on the subjectof chastity rather than he. What then, OApollonius, do you urge us to do with him ?

"

"Why, to let him live, of course," answered

Apollonius to the surprise of them all. Whereonthe king reddened, and said ;

" Then you do not

105

cap. rrjv evvrjv rrjv ep,r)v ;

" " aX\! ov% virep i;vy-

yvcbpur)?" €(j)r),

' '

ftao-i\ev, ravra elirov, aXk' virep

Ti/jLcopias, fj airoKvaiaei avrov el yap ^rjaerai

voacov /cal dBvvdrcov dirropLevos, /cal pbrjre alra

pbrjre 7totc\ rjaeu avrov purfre dedpuara, a ere re /cal

tovs dot avvovras eveppavet, 7rr)BrjaeraL re r)

/capBla Oa/jua e/c$p(Dcr/covTO<; rod virvov, o Br)

pLaXicrra irepl tou? epcovrds (paai ylyveaOat, /cal

Tt? p,ev ovt(i) (pOorj rrjfjei avrov, Tt9 Be ovtw \ipbseirtOpvtyei ra airXdy^va ; el Be pur) rwv <pi\o-

^rv^wv etrj ™? avros, w ftaaiXev, Berjaerai crov

irore /cat diro/CTelvai avrov, r) eavrov ye diroKrevel,

TroXka oko<pvp6p,evos rr)v irapovaav ravrrjv

rjfiepav, evf) pur) evOvs direOaver tovto puev Br)

TOLOVTOV TOV'

AwoWcOVlOV Kol OVTO) 0~0$OV T€ /Cal

r)p,epov, i(p' w 6 fiacri\ev<; dvrj/ce rbv Odvarov t&>

evvovyw.

XXXVII

cap. MeW&w Be irore 7T/oo? Or)pa yiyveaOat, tmv ev

Tot? TrapaBeiaois Or)pL(ov, e? oi>? XeovT&s re diro-

KeivraL tols ftapfidpois /cal ap/croi /cal 7rapBd\ei<;,

r)%Lov tov'

A7roW(oviov irapaTvyelv oi 6r)pwvTi, 6

Be"

e/c\e\r)o-ai, w fiao-ikev" ecprj," on p,rjBe

Ovovti goi irapaTvyydvw ; /cal aW&)? ov% r)Bv

Orjplois /3e/3aaavLapL€voi^ /cal irapa ti)v (pvaiv rrjv

eavrcov BeBovXcofievois €7n,Ti6eo-0ai," epopuevov Be

avrov tov ftao~tXe,a)S , ttws; av /3e/3aL(os /cal

106


think he deserves to die many times for thus trying chap.

to usurp my rights?" "Nay, but my answer, O XXXVI

king, was suggested not by any wish to condone his

offence, but rather to mete out to him a punishmentwhich will wear him out. For if he lives withthis disease of impotence on him, and can never take

pleasure in eating or drinking, nor in the spectacleswhich delight you and your companions, and if his

heart will throb as he often leaps up in his sleep, as

they say is particularly the case of people in love,—

is there any form of consumption so wasting as this,

any form of hunger so likely to enfeeble his bowels ?

Indeed, unless he be one of those who are ready to

live at any price, he will entreat you, O king, before

long even to slay him, or he will slay himself,

deeply deploring that he was not put to death

straight away this very day."Such was the answer rendered on this occasion

by Apollonius, one so wise and humane, that the

king was moved by it to spare the life of his

eunuch.

XXXVII

One day the king was going to hunt the animals chap.

in the parks in which the barbarians keep lions and xxxvn

bears and leopards, and he asked Apollonius to accom- ^mpo"™8

pany him on the chase, but the latter replied : "You the kings

have forgotten, O king, that I never attend you, with the

even when you are sacrificing. And moreover, it is ^^™ certain

no pleasure to me to attack animals that have been frontier

ill-treated and enslaved in violation of their nature."vl agcs

And the king asking him what was the most stable

and secure way of governing, Apollonius answered :

107

cap.acrcjbaXft)? apyoi,

"7roXXov9," etyrj,

"ti/jlwv,

iriGTevwv Be oXiyow" irpecrj3evopLevov Be irore

rod T779 Xvplas ap'XpvTOs irepl kco/jloov, ol/iac, Bvo

TTpOaOLKCDV TW ZeVJfjLClTl,, KCLl (pdafCOVTOS VirCUCY)-

Kokvai puev avras 'Aimo^w real ^ZeXevKco irdXat,

vvv Be vir avrw elvatf

Pco/zato£9 irpoarj/covaa*;, teal

tovs fMev 'Apaftiovs re teal.

'

Apfievlovs fir) evo^elvtcl<$ Kcb/jLas, avTOV Be. virepftaivovra roaavrrjv yrjv

KapirovaOai (TCpas, 009 avrov jxaXXov rj 'Pw/jLcdcov

ovaas, /jLeTCMTTTjadfAevos 6 ftaaiXevs tou9 irpeo~j3ei<;"T»9 /AW /CCO/AdS TaVTCLS," €$7],

" '

AiroXXcovte,

%vvex(*ipr)Gav rofc epuols irpoyovoi? ol ftaaiXels,

01)9 elirov, Tpotyrjs evetea rwv Orjpiwv, a Trap'

rj/jblv aXiGKOfJieva (poira e<z ttjv etceivwv Bid rod

Rvcfrpdrov, ol B\ toairep eteXaOofievoL tovtov

teaivwv re teal dBltccov cltttovtcu. T69 ovv (palveral

o~oi T779 irpeafieias vovs ;""/jLerpios, a> fiaaiXev"

ecf>r],

"teal eirieiter)*; , el, a BvvavTai teal clkovtos

eyeiv ev rfj eavrcov ovra, ftovXovTai irap etcovros

evpia/cecrOai pbdXXov" irpoaeriOet Be teal to/jltj

Belv virep tccofiwv, wv puei^ov^ feeterrjvTat Taya teal

IBicorai,, Bia$epeo~Qai 7r/?o9

(

P(o/jlcilov<;, teal iroXepuov

ovB? virep fieydXwv aipeaOai. vogovvti Be ra>

{3ao-iXei irapcov, roaavrd re teal ovrco Oela irepl

-yjrvxfjs Bte^rjXOev, ft>9 tov ftaaiXea dvairvevaat,,

KCU 7Ty0O9 TOU9 TTCLpOVTCLS elirelv, 071" '

AlToXXcOVlOS

ovte virep rf}<; fiaaiXeLas /jl6vt]<; d$povTLo~Telv

eipyaaral fie, dXXd teal virep rod OavdrovT

1 08


"To respect many, and confide in few." And chap.

on one occasion the governor of Syria sent a mission xxxvn

about two villages, which, I think, are close to the

Bridge, alleging that these villages had long agobeen subject to Antiochus and Seleucus, but at

present they were under his sway, and belonged to the

Romans,and that,whereas the Arabians andArmeniansdid not disturb these villages, yet the king hadtraversed so great a distance in order to exploit them,as if they belonged to himself, rather than to the

Romans. The king sent the embassy aside, andsaid :

" O Apollonius, these villages were given to

my forefathers by the kings whom I mentioned, that

they might sustain the wild animals, which are taken

by us in our country and sent to theirs across the

Euphrates, and they, as if they had forgotten this

fact, have espoused a policy that is new and unjust.What then do you think are the intentions of the

embassy?" Apollonius replied: "Their intention,O king, is moderate and fair, seeing that they

only desire to obtain from you, with your consent,

places which, as they are in their territory, theycan equally well retain without it." And he addedhis opinion, that it was a mistake to quarrel with

the Romans over villages so paltry that probably

bigger ones were owned even by private individuals ;

he also said that it was a mistake to go to war evenover large issues. And when the king was ill hevisited him, and discoursed so weightily and in

such a lofty strain about the soul, that the kingrecovered, and said to his courtiers, that Apolloniushad so wrought upon him that he now felt a

contempt, not only for his kingdom but also for

death.

109

XXXVIII

xxxviii ^v ^ o~rjpayya TVV vtto tw ILv^pdrr) BeiicvvvTos

avT(p 7Tore tov /3ao-i\ea)<; /cat,"

Ti GOV (JHtiveTCLl TO

Oav/jua ;

"eliroVTOS, /caTa/3dWo)v ttjv TepaTOvpyiav

6'

AttoWcdvws "davfia av tjv, ft> ftacriXev'

3

e<f>7),

"el Bid tov TTora/Jbov ftaOeos ovrco kcl\ diropov

ovtos Tre^f) efiaBLêTe" BelâvTO? Be zeal ra ev

'E/cftardvoLS Teiyi) koli Oecov (pdafcovros ravra

elvcu olktjctiv"

decov fiev ov/c eartv oA,&>9 o%Kr)<ji<$"

elirev,"

el Be dvBpcov ov/c olBcc rj yap Aa/ceBaijio-

vucov, w ftaaiXev, 7ro\i<; aTeiyj,o-TO<$ (p/ciarai." /cat

fju-qvkoX Blktjv Tiva BiKdo~avTO<$ avrov /cobfiais real

fjueyaXo^povov/jbevov 717309 tov 'AttoWcdviov, o>9

Bvolv 7]fxep(tiv rj/cpoa/juevos etrj Tr}<; Biktjs"ftpaBeays

7V €<pV>" T0 BlfCCLlOV 6L»/)€?." XPVpUTCdV Be €K

TJ79 virrjKoov (poiTrjadvTcov iroTe dOpocov, dvolâ^

tou9 Orjcravpovs eBeu/cvv t&> dvBpl tcl %pr)fj,aTa,

vTrayofxevo^ avTov e'9 eTrcOvfilav ttXovtov, 6 Be

ovBev wv elBe Oavpudaaû

o~oi TavTa? e<p7]," w

/3ao-i\ev, xprffiaTd, e/jbol Be a^vpa'""tL av ow,"

ecprj,"TrpaTTcov

• icaXcos avTols xpijcrai/jLyv ;

"

"Xpco/juevos," e<j)7j,

"f3ao~t\ev<; yap el."

1 10


XXXVIII

One day the king was showing to him the grotto chap.

under the Euphrates, and asked him what he thoughtxxxvm

of so wonderful a thing. Apollonius in answer the king's*belittled the wonder of the work, and said :

" It palaces and

would be a real miracle, O king, if you went dry-shod through a river as deep as this and as

unfordable." And when he was shown the walls of

Ecbatana, and was told that they were the dwelling-

place of gods, he remarked :"They are not the

dwelling-place of gods at all, and I am not sure

that they are of real men either; for, O king, the

inhabitants of the city of Lacedaemon do not dwell

within walls, and have never fortified their city."

Moreover, on one occasion the king had decided a

suit for some villages and was boasting to Apolloniusof how he had listened to the one suit for two whole

days. "Well," said the other, "you took a mightylong time, anyhow, to find out what was just." Andwhen the revenues from the subject country camein on one occasion in great quantities at once, the

king opened his treasury and showed his wealth to

the sage, to induce him to fall in love with wealth;

but he admired nothing that he saw and said :"This,

for you, O king, represents wealth, but to me it

is mere chaff." " How, then," said the other,'" and

in what manner can I best make use of it ?" "

Byspending it," he said, "for you are a king."

in

XXXIX

cap. UoWa ToiavTa 777)09 rbv /3aai\ea elircbv Kal tv-XXXIX v > « /i / / a *» a r -v "

yozv avrov Trpouvfiov Trparreiv a gwepovkevev, ere

teal tt}? 777)09 tow? pudyov? ^vvovaias iKavcos eyoav"dye, co Adpui,^ ecf>r},

"e? 'IvBovs lw\iev. ol piev yap

TOt<? AcoTO(f)dyoL<; irpocnfXevaavTe^ dirrjyovTo t(ov

oI/c€lo)p 7)dm> virb tov j3pdifiaro^, rjfiels Be fir] yevo-

/jlcvol tlvos tmv evravOa KaOrjfjueda irXeiw ^pbvovTOV etVoTO? T€ Kal tjvpLpL€TpOV."

"tCa/JLOl," €$7] 6

Ad/jLts,"virepBoKel ravra' eirel Be eve0vp,ov/ji7jv rbv

yjpovov, bv ev rfj Xeaivj) BceaKe-^rco, irepiepLevov dvv-

adrjvat avrov ovttq) fjuev ovv e^rjicei 7ra?, evcavrbs

yap fjiMv r)Brj Kal pLrjves rerrape^' el Be r)Brj ko/jli-

^oi/jueoa, ev av eyoi; ovbe avr)aeLr)fia<i, ecprj,a>

Ad/At,, 6 fiacriXevs TrpoTepovrjrbv oyBoov reXevrrjcrat,

fjbTjva' xprjcrrbv yap irov op&s avrbv Kal Kpeirrco r)

ftapftdpcov dpyeiv?

XL

cap. 'E7T€l Be diraXkaTreaOaL Xonrbv eBoKei Kal

^vve^coprjae irore 6 ftaaiXevs dirievai, dvepuvrjo-Or]

rwv Bwpewv 6 'AttoXXgovios, a? dveffaXXero e? t'

av (j)i\ot avrw yevcovrat, Kal "to /3e\TLo-Te,"

e(f>rj,

"ftacnXev, rbv £evov ovBev ev ireiroir^Ka

Kal fxiaObv btyeiXw to£? fidyoi^ o~v ovv eiriiieXr]-

6t)tl avrcov %al tov/jlov irpoOvpurfdr^Ti irepl dvBpas

o~o<j>ov<; re Kal aol o-(f>6Bpa evvovs" vireprjaOels

112


XXXIX

He had addressed many such sayings to the king, chap.and found him ready to do what he advised him

;

XXXIX

when finding that he had had enough of the society of £ gXn tT*the Magi, he said to Damis :

"Come, let us start for India, but

India. For the people who visited the lotus-eaters a year and

in their ships were seduced from their own home- ei£h*\ .

. , i r. -, t , months in

principles by the rood;and we without tasting any Babylon

of the victuals of this land, have remained here a

longer time than is right and fitting." H And I,"

said Damis," am more than of your opinion ;

but as

I bore in mind the period of time which youdiscovered by the help of the lioness, I was waitingon for it to be completed. Now it has not yet all of

it expired, for we have so far only spent a year andfour months

; however, if we can depart at once,it would be as well." "But," said the other, "the

king will not let us go, O Damis, before the eighthmonth has passed ;

for you, I think, see that he is a

worthy man and too superior a person to be rulingover barbarians."

XL

When at last they were resolved on their departure chap.and the king had consented that they should go

XL

away, Apollonius remembered the presents, whichequip^them

he had put off till he should have acquired friends, for further

and he said :" O excellent king, I have in no way

remunerated my host and I owe a reward to the

Magi ;do you therefore attend to them, and oblige

me by bestowing your favours on men who are both

wise and wholly devoted to yourself." The king then

VOL. I. I

cap. ovv 6 ftaaiXevs"tovtovs fiev avpiov ^rjXcorov^,^

€077," Kal fieyd\(ov rjtJHDfievovs drroBelâ) aot,

ai) B' eVel firjBevbs Bey twve/juoiiv, aXXa tovtoi?

ye ^vy^coprjaov ^prj/xara Trap e/xov Xafielv Kal

6 ri ftovkovrcu," tow? a/jL(f)lrbv Ad/Mv Setfa?.

diroarpacpevrcov ovv KaKeiveov rbv \6yov rovrov"opas" €(f)7] f

"<w fiaatkev, ra? e'ytta? %eipa<;, &)<?

TroWai re elat Kal dWrfkats o/juoiai;" "

crv Be

aXXa rjye/jLova ayov" 6 ftacnXevs e<fir),"Kal Kafjurj-

Xof?, e<£' (hv o^rjaeade, rb yap /j,f)KO<; rfjs 6Bov

Kpelrrov rj ftaBio-ai irao-avT "yvyveo-Qco^ e</>r?,

"&>

(BacriXev, rovro, <f>ao~l yap rrjv 6Bbv drcopov elvat

/JL7) ovrcos oyovfjbkvcp, Kal aX\ft>9 to £&W evairbv re

Kal paBtov ftbaKeiv, oirov fit) %A,o? etrj. Kal vBcop

Be, olfiac, xprj eirLo-LTicraaOaL Kal dirdyeiv avrb iv

daKols, oiairep rbv olvov?*"rpLOiv rjfiepcov" e(f)7]

6 ftaaiXevs," avvBpos rj ywpa, fierd ravra Be 7ToXXt)

d(f)6ovLa Trorafjbcov re Kal irrjywv, fiahiêiv Be Bel

rrjv eirl KavKaaov, rd yap eircrrjBeia dfydova Kal

(f)l\rj 7) %(opa." epofievov Be avrbv rov f3aai\eco$ o

TiavTto drrdêi itceiOev "%apiev" eKJyri,"& fiao~L\ev,

Bcopov tjv yap rj crvvovaia ro)V dvBpcov crocfxorepov

fie drro^rjvr) , fteXrlcov d^CôfiaC aoit) vvv eljAi"

irepiefiaXev 6 fiaaiXevs ravra elirbvra Kal"

a</>l/coio" elrre," rb yap Bwpov /j,eya."

114


was more than delighted, and said :"

I will show you chap.

to-morrow how much I value them and what greatXTj

rewards 1 hold them to have earned; but since you ask

for nothing that is mine, I hope you will at least

allow these gentlemen to accept from me whatever

money they like," and he pointed to Damis and his

companions. And when they too declined the offer,

Apollonius said :

" You see, O king, how many handsI have, and how closely they resemble one another."" But do you anyhow take a guide," said the king,"and camels on which to ride

;for the road is too

long by far for you to walk the whole of it."" Be

it so," said Apollonius," O king : for they say that

the road is a difficult one for him who is not so

mounted, and moreover this animal is easily fed andfinds his pasture easily where there is no fodder.

And, methinks, we must lay in a supply of wateralso and take it in bottles, like wine." "

Yes,"said the king,

" for three days the country is

waterless, but after that there are plenty of rivers

and springs ;but you must take the road over the

Caucasus, for there you will find plenty of the

necessities of life and the country is friendly." Andthe king then asked him what he would bring backto him from his destination ) and he answered :

" Agraceful gift, O king, for if I am turned into a

wiser man by the society of people yonder, I shall

return to you here a better man than I now am."When he said this the king embraced him and said :

"May you come back, for that will indeed be a

great gift."

"5

BOOK II

B'

cap. 'Evrevdev e%e\avvovcn irepl to 6epos avroL re

oôv/jLevoi /cal 6 rjye/JLoov, lirrrroKOfios Be fjv rtov

/ca/jLr)\(ov /cal ra iircrijBeia, oiroarwv eBeovTO, r\v

d(j)0ova /3ao-i\eco<; Bovtos, r\re ya>pa, BC 779 eiro-

pevovro, ev eirparrev, eBe%ovTO Be ai/Tovs at KWfiac

depairevovcrai' ^pvaov yap yjraXwv rj TrpooT?]

/cdjuLrjXos eVt rod /nercoTrov ecf>epe, ytyvcoa/ceiv tol<z

evTvy%dvovo~LV, 0S9 TrefiiroL Tiva 6 ftaortXevs roiv

eavrov <f)L\a)v. Trpoanovres Be toS K.av/cdo~(p <f>aaiv

evcoBearepa^ rf)s yf)<; aiaOeo-Oai.

II

cap. To Be o/)09 tovto dpyjqv 7roid)p,e0a Tavpov tov

Bi 'Apfievias re /cal KtXi/ccov eirl TlafityvXovs/cal M.v/caXr)v aTelyovros, rj reXevreoaa €9

OdXarray, ffv Ka/oe? ol/covo~i, Tepfxa tov Kaf-

fcdaov vofxlôtT av, aA-V 01/%, a>9 evcoi (pacrtv,

dpyr}' to T€ yap ttjs Mu*:aA??9 1/^09 ovirco

fieya /cal at virepftoXal tov Kav/cdcrov tooovtov

dveo-Taonv, a>9 o-yiêo-Qai irepl avTas tov rfXtov.

TrepifidXXei, Be Tavpcp eTepw /cal tt)v ofiopov tj}

118

BOOK II

In the summer our travellers, together with their chap.

guide, left Babylon and started out, mounted on I

camels;

and the king had supplied them with a Babvion^

camel-driver, and plenty of provisions, as much as

they wanted. The country through which theytravelled was fertile

;and the villages received

them very respectfully, for the leading camel bore

upon his forehead a chain of gold, to intimate to all

who met them that the king was sending on their

way some of his own friends. And as theyapproached the Caucasus they say that they foundthe land becoming more fragrant.

II

We may regard this mountain as the beginning of chap.

the Taurus which extends through Armenia andCilicia as far as Pamphylia and Mycale, and it ends of'Caucasus

at the sea on the shore of which the Carians live,aud Taurus

and this we may regard as the extreme end of the

Caucasus, and not as its beginning, as some people

say. For the height of Mycale is not very great,whereas the peaks of the Caucasus are so lofty that

the sun is cloven asunder by them. And it encom-

passes with the rest of the Taurus the whole of

119

cap. 'lvBiKrj ^kvOLclv irdcrav Kara Mcu<wtm> re Kalii

apiarepov Uovtov, arahtwv jxakiara Bio-pLvplcov

pLrJKos, toctovtov yap eirkyjzi fierpov ttj^ 7779

ajfcoov tov KavKciaov to Be irepl tov iv rfj

rjpeBairfj Tavpov Xeyofievov, &>9 virep rrjv 'Ap-

fieviav iropevoiTO, j^povw dinaTr}6ev iriaTovvTai

Xolitov at irapBdXeis, a? olBa dXiaKOfievas iv

rfj Hap,(j)v\cQv dpco/jbarocpopq). yaipovai yapTOt9 dpcofiacTi, kclk iroXXov Ta? oa/jias eXKOvaai

(pocTcoaiv e£ ^KpfjLevtas Bid twv opcov 7r/oo?

to BaKpvov rov aTvpafcos, iiretBdv oX Te ave/xoi

air avTod irvevacoai Kal tcl BevBpa dircoBi]

ykvr\Tai. /cal dXcovat iroTe <$>ao~LV iv tj) Tlap<fiv\ia

irdpBaXiv aTpeirTw dfia, ov irepl tj} Beprj e<f>epe,

%pvaov<s Be tjv Kai iireyeypairTo 'ApfievloL? ypdpu-

fiaat BA2IAET2 AP2AKH2 QEill NTSlfll.

flaaiXevs fiev Br)

'

Appuevias totc rjv 'Apo-aw]?, Kal

at/To?, olfiai, IBcov ttjv 7rdpBa\cv dvrJKe tg> Aiovvaw

Bid pueyedos tov Orjpiov. Nvcrws yap 6 At6vvo~o<;

dirb T?}? iv TvBols Nucr?79 TvBols Te ovo/xdêTai

Kal irdai rot9 irpbs aKTtva edvecnv. r) Be %p6vovfjuev Tiva vireêv^V dvOpdiirw, Kal Xe^Pa VvâXero

iiracfxofMevrjv t€ Kal KaTatycoaav, iirel Be dvoi-

crTprjaev ai)Tr)v eap, o're Br) dcppoBiaicov tjttovs Kal

irapBdXeis, dveOopev €9 Ta opi] iroOw dpaevcov, &>?

elê tov koo~/jlov, Kal r)\co irepl tov kutco Tavpovviro tov dpco/uaTGS eXÔelaa. Be KavKacros

Spinet fiev Tt)v 'IvBiKijv Te Kal M.r)BtKi]v, KaOrJKei

Be iirl ttjv 'EpvOpdv OdXaTTav eTepcp dyK&vi.

120

LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

Scythia which borders on India, and skirts Maeotis chap.

and the left side of Pontus, a distance almost of n

20,000 stades ;for no less than this is the extent of

land enclosed by the elbow of the Caucasus. As to the

statement made about such part of the Taurus as is in

our own country, to the effect that it projects beyondArmenia,— it was long disbelieved, but has received

definite confirmation from the conduct of the pards, On leopards

which I know are caught in the spice-bearing

region of Pamphylia. For these animals delight in

fragrant odours, and scenting their smell from afar

off they quit Armenia and traverse the mountainsin search of the tear or gum of the Styrax, wheneverthe winds blow from its quarter and the trees are

distilling. And they say that a pard was once

caught in Pamphylia which was wearing a chain

round its neck, and the chain was of gold, and onit was inscribed in Armenian lettering :

" The king Armenian

Arsaces to the Nysian god." Now the king of mscriptlon

Armenia was certainly at that time Arsaces, and he, leopards

I imagine, finding the pard, had let it go free inco1

honour of Dionysus because of its size. For

Dionysus is called Nysian by the Indians and byall the Oriental races from Nysa in India. And this

animal had been for a time under the restraint of

man, and would let you pat it with your hand andcaress it ; but when it was goaded to excitement bythe springtime, for in that season the pards begin to

rut, it would rush into the mountains, from longingto meet the male, decked as it was with the ring ;

andit was taken in the lower Taurus whither it had beenattracted by the fragrance of the gum. And the

Caucasus bounds India and Media, and stretches

down by another arm to the Red Sea.

121

III

incap. MvdoXoyeirai Be V7rb rwv /3apf3dpa)v rb opos, a

koL "JLXXrjves eir clvtg) aBovcnv, ft>9 UpofirjOevs

fiev eirl (j)i\av0p(O7ria BeOelr) e/cei,e

Hpa/cXf)$ Be

eVepo?, ov yap rbv %r)(Salov ye /3ovXovrai, fir) dvd-

cryoiTO tovto, dXXa roêvcreie rbv opviv, ov ef3oo~/cev

6 TlpofirjOevs T0Z9 o-irXdyyyow Bedrjvai Be avrbv ol

/juev ev avTpco fyaaiv, b Brj ev irpoiroBL rov opovs

BeiKwrai, /ecu Bea/jbd 6 Aa/w? avijÔca rcov Trerpwv

Xeyei ov pdBia £v/jL/3aXeiv rrjv vXrjv, ol S' ev

K0pv(pfj rov 6pov<$' Bi/copv/u/Sos Berj fcopv^>r) ical

(paaiv, co? Ta? %elpa<; air avrwv eBeOr) BiaXec-

irovawv ov juuelov rj crrdBiov, toctovtos yap elvai.

rbv Be opviv rbv derbv ol rm K.av/cdo~q) irpocroi-

kovvt€<; eÔpbv rjyovvrai ical /caXids ye, oiroaas

ev rot? irdyois ol aeiol iroiovviai, Kaiairipbirpdaiv

levies ffeXr) irvpcfropa, Or)parpa re eir aviovs

Icriaviai ri/jLcopetv tw Upo/nr/Oet (pdaKOvre^' wBe

yap rov fjbvOov r\ii7]viai.

IV

IVcap.

Uapa/jLeLyjravTes Be rbv Kav/cao-ov Terpairrjêcs

dvOpobirovs IBelv fyacriv, ovs rjBrj p,eXalveo~6aL, /cal

irevrairrjêis Be erepov? virep rbv 'IvBbv irorafibv

eX06vT€<i. ev Be rfj pA^pu rov irorapôv rovrov

122


III

And legends are told of this mountain by the chap.

barbarians, which also have an echo in the poemsn

of the Greeks about it, to the effect that Prometheus, pJSSetfaeus

because of his love of man, was bound there, and that aud thc

Hercules,—another Hercules and not the Thebanis meant,—could not brook the ill-treatment of

Prometheus, and shot the bird which was feeding

upon his entrails. And some say that he was boundin a cave, which as a matter of fact is shown in a

foot-hill of the mountain : and Damis says that his

chains still hung from the rocks, though you could

not easily guess at the material of which they were

made, but others say that they bound him on the peakof the mountain

;and it has two summits, and they say

that his hands were lashed to them, although theyare distant from one another not less than a stade,

1

so great was his bulk.,But the inhabitants of the

Caucasus regard the eagle as a hostile bird, and burn

out the nests which they build among the rocks byhurling into them fiery darts, and they also set

snares for them, declaring that they are avengingPrometheus ; to such an extent are their imaginationsdominated by the fable.

IV

Having passed the Caucasus our travellers say they chap.saw men four cubits high, and that they were already

Iv

black, and that when they passed over the river vJit?thclm

Indus they saw others five cubits high. But on voyagers

their way to this river our wayfarers found the1 606 English feet.

123

car oBonropiq TaBe evpov acfzrjyrjaecos a%ia- iiropevovTO

/uuev yap iv aeXrjvr) Xapbirpa, (bdapba Be avTOis ifi-

irov(T7]<; iveireae, to Beiva yivo/jbevr] /cat to Beiva av

teal ovBev elvai, 6 Be!'

A7roXX(ovio<z tjvvfj/cev, o ti

eir), teal avTOS tb iXoiBopeiTO tj} ifiTrovcrr), tois tc

afjL<f)avTov irpocreTa^e TavTO irpaTTeiv, TavTi yap

a/cos elvai ttjs 7rpoo-/3oXf}<; TavTr)?' teal to (pda/ia

(j>vyfj (pXeT0 TSTpiyoSy uxnrep tcl eiBcoXa.

cap. K.opvcf)7)v 8' vTrepftdWovTes tov opovs /cat /3aBi-

£bz>Te? avTrjv, iireiBr] diroTo/Jiw^ elyev, rjpeTO ovtco-

al tov Ad/iiv"

elire jjloi," ecprj,"irov %#e? r)\xev ;"

6 Be"iv roi) 7reBi(p" etfyrj.

"Trjfjiepov Be, c5 Adfii,

irov ;

" " iv to) Kav/cdo-G)" elirev,"

el/jltj ifiavTov

ifcXeXTja/JLat""ttotc ovv tcaTO) fiaXXov rjcrBa ;

"

irdXiv r)peTO, 6 Be" tovtI /juev" ec^rj,

" ovBe iirepw-

tclv agiov %#69 fiev yap Bia tcoiXrjs tt}<? yrj$ iiro-

pevofieda, Trj/xepov Be 777)09 tw ovpavq* iajxevT"

oiei ovv? efyr),"

<o Adfii, ttjv /juev %#e? oBonropiav

/caTco elvai, ttjv Be Trj/juepov avco ;""

vr\ AC,'1

elirev,

"el fir] fxaivojjbal ye" "tl ovv rjyfiT e(f>rj, "irapaX-

XaTTeiv to.? 6Bov<$ dXXrjXcov rj tl Trjfjiepov irXeov

elvai o-oi tov %#e?;""oti %#€?," ecferj,

"ifidBifrv

ovirep iroXXoi, arjjjbepov Be, ovirep oXiyoi" "ti

124

.


llowing incidents worthy of notice. For they were chap.

travelling by bright moonlight, when the figure of IV

an empusd or hobgoblin appeared to them, that

changed from one form into another, until finallyit vanished into nothing. And Apollonius realised

what it was, and himself heaped abuse on the hob-

goblin and instructed his party to do the same,

saying that this was the right remedy for such a

visitation. And the phantasm fled away shriekingeven as ghosts do.

V

And as they were passing over the summit of the chap.

mountain, going on foot, for it was very steep,

Apollonius asked of Damis the following question. ^thDaSa"Tell me," he said, "where we were yesterday."

about

And he replied :

" On the plain." "And to-day, O eeringand

Damis, where are we?" "In the Caucasus," said rellgion

he, "if I mistake not." "Then when were youlower down than you are now ?

" he asked again, andDamis replied :

" That's a question hardly worth

asking. For yesterday we were travelling throughthe valley below, while to-day we are close up to

heaven." " Then you think," said the other," O

Damis, that our road yesterday lay low down, whereasour road to-day lies high up?" "Yes, by Zeus," he

replied," unless at least I'm mad." " In what respect

then," said Apollonius, "do you suppose that our

roads differ from one another, and what advantagehas to-day's path for you over that of yesterday ?

"

"Because," said Damis,

"yesterday I was walking

along where a great many people go, but to-day,where are very few." "Well," said the other, "O

125

cap. ydp" e(f>i],

" m Ad/ju, ov /cat ras ev aarei \eco(f>6-

pOV<$ €/CTp€7TO/jL6V(j) ftaBi^CLV CGtIv €V okiyOLS TMV

avopunrwv ; ov tovto, ecpr), eiirov, aXX otl

%#69 f^V Bta /C(0/JL(bv €KO/jLl%O/jL€0a Kttl dv0p(O7TO)V,

o-rjjiepoy Be do-riftes n dva$aivo\xev yodpiov /ecu

Oeiov, d/covets ydp rod rjye/jLovos, otl ol ftdpftapoi,

06COV aVTO TTOLOVVTCU 61/COV," KOl a/JLCL dve/3\€7T€V

6? TT)V KOpV<f>T)V TOV OpOV$. 6 Be €/JL/3c/3d£o)V CLVTOV

e? o e'f «/0%?}9 r}pd>TCt"&£ei$ ovv eiirelv, <w AdfiL, 6

tl gvvfj/cas rod Oeiov ftaBlfov dy%ov tov ovpavov;"" ovBev"

e<j>rj,

"ical firjv e%pfjv 76," elirev,

"eVt

fjLr)xavr)<} Trjki/cavTrjs koX Oelas ovtcos eo-rrjKora

irepi re rov ovpavov o~a(f>eo~Tepa<; rjhr) etccfrepeiv

86gas irepi re rov rfkiov teal rrj<; o-eXijvrjs, oyv yekoX pd/3B(p teas r]yfi yjravaeiv TrpocreaTr]K(b<; tw

ovpavm Tovray." " a %#e?," ecprj,"

irepl tov Oeiov

eylyvcoo-feov, ycyva>o-/cco leal Tij/nepov, koi ovttco puoi

eTepa TrpoaeTreo-e irepl aifTov Sofa."" ovkovv"

ecf)7],

"a> Ad/jbi, KaTco Tvyy^dvevs wv eTi, zeal ovBev

irapa tov v-yfrovs etXrjcfras, direyeis T€ tov ovpavovoiroaov %#€?• /cat el/coTO)? o~e r}p6p,r)v, a ev dp%f}'

av ydp wov yeXoLco? epa)TaaOai" "teal firjv" ecprj,"/caTa^Tjaeo-Oat ye aocpcoTepos (pp,r)v d/covcov,

'ATroWcbvie, tov fiev KXa^ofieviov 'Avaljayopavdirb tov /caTa 'loovuav M.Ljj,avTO<; eireGicefyOai to. ev

t& ovpavw, SdXrjv Te tov MiXdaiov dirb ttj<;

126


Damis, can you not also in a city turn out of the chap.

main street and walk where you will find very few '

people ?" "I did not say that," replied Damis,

" but that yesterday we were passing through villagesand populations, whereas to-day we are ascending •

through an untrodden and divine region : for youheard our*guide say that the barbarians declare this

tract to be the home of the gods." And with that

he glanced up to the summit of the mountain. But

Apollonius recalled his attention to the original

question by saying :

" Can you tell me then, ODamis, what understanding of divine mystery youget by walking so near the heavens?" "Nonewhatever," he replied. "And yet you ought," said

Apollonius." When your feet are placed on a

platform so divine and vast as this, you ought at onceto utter thoughts of the clearest kind about the

heaven and about the sun and moon, which youprobably think you could touch from a vantageground so close to heaven." "

Whatever," said

he,"

I knew about God's nature yesterday, I

equally know to-day, and so far no fresh idea has

occurred to me concerning him," "So then,"

replied the other, "you are, O Damis, still below,and have won nothing from being high up, and

you are as far from heaven as you were yesterday.And my question which I asked you to begin with wasa fair one, although you thought that I asked it in order

to make fun of you." "The truth is," replied

Damis, "that I thought I should anyhow go downfrom the mountain wiser than I came up it, becauseI had heard, O Apollonius, that Anaxagoras of

Clazomenae observed the heavenly bodies from the

mountain Mimas in Ionia, and Thales of Miletus from

127

car irpoaol/cov Mv/cdXrjs, Xeyovrat Be ical tu> Uayyal(pevioi (j)povTiarr)pL(i) ^prjaaaOaL /cal erepot t& *A6(p.

eyco Be fjueyicrrov tovtcov dveXOoov tr^ro? ovBev

ao(j)(t)Tepo<; eavrov /caTafitfaofjuai"" ovBe yap

e/celvoi" ecpTj,

"al yap roiaiBe irepiwiral yXav/co-

repov fiev rbv ovpavov airofyaivovGi /ca-l fxelôvs

tou? aarepas /cal rbv yjXtov dvlo-ôvra i/c vvktos,

a teal TTOL/jueatv rjBr) /cal aliroXois earl BrfXa, otttj

Be to Oelov eTrifjueXeZraL rov avdpayireiov yevovs/cal otttj yaipet vir avrov Oepairevopievov, o tl re

dperr) ical 6 ti Bacaioavvr) re ical (raxfrpocrvvr),ovre

"A#&>? e/cBelêi, to£? dvehOovGiv ovre 6 0av/jba^6-

fievos V7rb rcov TroirjTcov "OXuyurro?, el fir) Biopwrj

avTa r) ^jrv^T], r)v, el /caOapa /cal d/crjparos avrwv

clittolto, iroXXw fjbecôv eycoy av (palrjv arreiv

tovtovI rov K.av/cdcrov"

VI

gap.f

T7T€/9/5a^Te? Be to opos evrvy^dvovaiv eir iXe-'

<j)dvT(Ov rjBr) oyovpAvois dvBpdcnv, el<rl 8 ovtol

pAaoL Kav/cdcrov ical iroTap,ov Kw^w?, dftioi re

teal lirirorat, tt}? dyeXr)$ ravrr)^, /cal /cd/jbrjXoi Be

ivLovs r)yov, ah XP™VTai 'I^^ ^ & T& Bpo/ju/cd,

iropevovrai Be yiXia crrdBia rr)<; r)/jLepa<; ybvv

ovBafiov /cd/ji^raaai. irpoaeXdaa^ ovv rwv 'lvBoov

el? eirl /ca/jurjXov TOiavrr)? r/pcara rbv r)yep,6va ol

(jreiyoiev, eirel Be rbv vovv rr)<$ d7roBr}/jLias rjKovaev,

aTrrjyyeiXe to?? vofidaiv, ol Be dvefforjaav wairep128


Myeale which was close by his home; and some are chap.

said to have used as their observatory mount Pangaeusv

and others Athos. But I have come up a greater

height than any of these, and yet shall go down

again no wiser than I was before.'' "For neither

did they/' replied Apollonius : "and such stargazingsshow you indeed a bluer heaven and bigger stars

and the sun rising out of the night ;but all these

phenomena were manifest long ago to shepherds and

goatherds, but neither Athos will reveal to those

who climb up it, nor Olympus, so much extolled bythe poets, in what way God cares for the humanrace and how he delights to be worshipped by them,nor reveal the nature of virtue and of justice and

temperance, unless the soul scans these matters

narrowly, and the soul, I should say, if it engages onthe task pure and undefiled, will soar much higherthan this summit of Caucasus."

VI

And having passed beyond the mountain, they at chap.once came upon elephants with men riding on them

;

VL

and these people dwell between the Caucasus and ^ the*the river Cophen, and they are rude in their lives Cophen

and their business is to tend the herds of elephants ;

some of them however rode on camels, which are used

by Indians for carrying despatches, and they will

travel 1,000 stades a day without ever bending the

knee or lying down anywhere. One of the Indians,

then, who was riding on such a camel, asked the

guide where they were going, and when he was told

the object of their voyage, he informed the nomads

129

vol. 1. K

cap. âOevTes, eKeXevov re 7r\rjalov7j/c€iv teald(f>i/cofjL€i>oi$

olvov re copeyov, ov diro twv (J)oivlkcov aofyiôvTai,

Kal jxeKi cutto ravrov (f>vrov Kal refid^r] Xeovrwv

Kal TrapBdXecov, S)V Kal ra Bepfiara veoBapra rjv,

Be^dfjuevot Be irXrjv tojv Kpecov iravra dirrjXaaav

esrov? 'IvBovs Kal e^d)povv 7rpo? eft).

VII

CAP.'

ApiaT07T0l0V/JL€V(0V Be CLVTCOV 7T/90? TTTjyf} vBcLTOS,

eyxeas o Aafjus rov irapa rcov lvocov olvov Ato?,

e<f>r},

"Scorr/pos i]Be o~ol,

'

KiroXXdavie, Bid 7roXXov

ye irivovTi. ov ydp, olfiai, 7rapaiTijcrrj Kal tovtov,

uiairep rov diro roiv dpLireXaiv" Kal dfia eaireiaev,

eireiBr) rov Ato? eire/jLvrjcrdr]. yeXdaas ovv 6'

AttoXXcovios" ov Kal Xprj/juaTCOv," €(f>r],

"dire-yo-

fxeOa, co Adfu ;

" "vrj Ai" elirev,

"co? iroXXaôv

ezreSetfa>.""dp ovv," €(f)7),

"^pvarj^ fiev Bpa^firjî

Kal dpyvpas dfyeôpueQa, Kal oi>x r/TTrjao/jLefla

toiovtov vofjiio-fAaTos, Kalroc Keyr\voTa^ e? avro

opobvres ovk IBuoras jjlovov, dXXa Kal ftacriXeas,

el Be %aXKovv ™? ft)? dpyvpovv r) viro^pvaov re

Kal KeKij3BrfXevpbevov rj/julv BiBoir), X^ôfxeOa tovto,

eirel fir) eKelvo earcv, ov ol iroXXol yXiyovrai ; Kal

firjv Kal vofiio-fiard eariv 'IvBols opeiyakKOV re Kal

%aXKov fieXavos, a>v Bel Brjirov iravra oavelaOai

Travras TjKovras 6? rd 'IvBoov rj6r}' ri ovv ; el

130


thereof; and they raised a shout of pleasure, and cum'hade them approach, and when they came up they

V1

offered them wine which they make out of palmdates and honey from the same tree, and steaks fromthe flesh of lions and leopards which they had just

flayed. And our travellers accepted everythingexcept the flesh, and then started off for India

and betook themselves eastwards.

VII

And as they were taking breakfast by a spring of chap.

water, Damis poured out a cup of the Indians' wine,vn

and said :" Here's to you, Apollonius, on the part J?^J

lon

of Zeus the Saviour;for it is a long time since you wine, and

have drunk any wine. But you will not, I am sure, "eetoS&mrefuse this as you do wine that is made from the fruit of

the vine." And withal he poured out a libation, becausehe had mentioned the name of Zeus. Apolloniusthen gave a laugh and said :

te Do we not also abstain

from money, O Damis?" "Yes, by Zeus," said the

other, "as you have often intimated to us." " Shall

we then," said the other," abstain from the use of a

golden drachma and of a silver piece, and be proofagainst temptation by any such coin, although wesee not private individuals only, but kings as well,

agape for money, and then if anyone offers us a

brass coin for a silver one, or a gilded one and a

counterfeit, shall we accept it, merely because it is notwhat it pretends to be, and what themany itch to have?And to be sure the Indians have coins of orichalcus andblack brass, with which, I suppose, all who come to

the Indian haunts must purchase everything ;what

13*

k 2

CAL". xprj/xara r^puv copeyov ol ^prjarol vofidBes, dp' civ,

&> Adfii, irapaiTOvp^vov fie opcov, evovOeTeus re /cat

iSlBaaices, on ^prj/xara [lev eicecvd icrrtv, a 'Vwpbaloi

yapdiTOVGiv rj 6 'MrjSayv fiaaikevs, ravrl Be vXtj

t£9 eripa KeKOfMêvfievT] to£9 'Ii/Sofc ; ical ravra

7T€Lcras Ttva av rjyijaco fxe ; ap* ov KifiBrjXov re ical

ty)v (f)i\o<TO<f>iav aTTOêpKrjKOTa fjidXXov 7) ol irovrjpol

arparLcorat ras dcririBas ; icaiTOi d&irLBos fiev

airofSXÔeiaT]^ erepa yevoiT av ra> dirofiaXovTi

/ca/cLG)v ovBev tt)? irpoikpa^, 009'

hpyCXoyw Boicel,

(j)c\oao(f)ia Be 7rw? dva/crrjrea tw 76 dri/Jbdaavn

avrrjv teal ptyfravri ; ical vvv fxev av ^vyycyvcoaKOC6 Aiovvcros ovBevb? oXvov rjTTrj/jLevo), tov Be diro

rcov <f>otvLK(ov el irpo tov dpnreXivov alpoi/jirjv,

d^6eaerao, ev olBa, /cal TrepivfipicrOai <j>rjaeL rb

eavrov Bcopov. eafiev Be ov iroppco tov Oeov, /cal

yap tov rjye/jLovos d/coveis, ft>9 TrXrjcriov rj Nvaa to

0/909, e^>' ov 6 Acovvao^ iroXXd, ol/juac, /cat 6av-

jjuaaTa irpdiTei. /cal jjltjv/cal to fieOvecv, w Ad/M,

ov/c e/c ftoTpvcov fjLovdov eo-<j)Oi,Ta tov<$ dvOpcoirovs,dXXd /cal dnrb tmv (J)olvl/ccov TrapairXrio-ico^ e/c/3a/c-

êver ttoXXols yovv ijBr) twv 'YvBcov eveTvô/xev

KaTea^fjuevoi^ tu> otva* tovtw, /cal ol fiev opôvvTauTriiTTOVTes, ol Be aBovaiv vTrovvo-TaôvTes, waTrepol irap rj/Mv e/c ttqtov vv/cTCop tc ical ov/c ev

copa dvaXvovTe^. otl Be olvov r/yf) /cal tovto to

7ra)/jLa, BrjXols to) airevBecv re air avTov tw Ail ical

oiroaa eirl otva> evêaQai. ical eXpj)Tai /jloi,c5

Ad/ju, 7T/0O9 ere virep ejmavTov TavTa- ovTe yap ae

132


then ? Supposing the nomads, good people as they chap.

are, offered us money, would you in that case, Damis,vn

seeing me decline it, have advised me better andhave explained, that what is coined by the Romansor by the king of Media is really money, whereas

this is another sort of stuff only in vogue among the

Indians ? And what would you think of me, if youcould persuade me of such things ? Would you not

think I was a cheat and abandoned my philosophyas thoroughly as cowardly soldiers do their shields ?

And yet, when you have thrown away your shield

you can procure another that is quite as good as the

first, in the opinion of Archilochus. But how can

one who has dishonoured and cast away philosophy,ever recover her ? And in this case Dionysus mightwell pardon one who refuses all wine whatever, but

if I chose date-wine in preference to that made of

grapes, he would be aggrieved, I am sure, and saythat his gift had been scorned and flouted. Andwe are not far away from this god, for you hear the

guide saying that the mountain of Nysa is close by,

upon which Dionysus works, I believe, a great manymiracles. Moreover, drunkenness, Damis, invades

men not from drinking the wine of grapes alone, for

they are equally roused to frenzy by date-wine.

Anyhow we have seen a great many Indians overcome

by this wine, some of them dancing till they fell,

and others singing as they reeled about, just like the

people among us, who indulge in drink of a night and

not in season. And that you yourself regard this

drink as genuine wine, is clear from the fact that

you poured out a libation of it to Zeus and offered

up the prayers which usually accompany wine. Andthis, Damis, is the defence which I have to make of

133

cap. rov iriveiv dirdyoifju av ovre tou9 oTraBovs tovtovs,

£vy%G)polrjv 8' av v/jllv koX Kpewv aireladai, to yap

direyecrdai rovrcov vjjliv /xev e'9 ovBev opw irpoftal-

vov, e/jbavTW Be e'9 a cofAo\6yr)Tai /jloi 777)09 (f>i\ocro-

(plav e/c iraiB6<;" eBeâvro rov \6yov rovrov ol

7T€pl rov Ad/jLtv koX rjairdaavTo evooêlaOai,, paov

r)yovyuevoi iropevaeaOaL, r)v d(f)0ovcoT€pov Biat-

Tcovrai.

VIII

VIIIcap. Aiafiavres Be rov K.o)(f)r)va iroTafxov, aurol fiev

eVl veo)V, /cd{ir)\oL Be ire^fj to vBcop, 6 yap 7TOTayao9

ovttcd fieyas, eyevovro ev rfj /3ao-i\evofievr) r}7re'p<p,

evf}dvarelvov ire^vTevrat NOcra 6^09 69 /copvcfrrjv

a/cpav, &o~7rep 6 ev \vBiq TfiwXos, dvaftaiveiv £'

avjo eêcrrcv, ooBoiroirjTai yap otto rov yewpyelcrOai.

dve\@6vre<; ovv tepw Aiovvaov evrvyelv fyacriv, o

Br) Aiovvcrov eavrw (pvrevo-ac Bd<pvat,<; irepieo"Tr)-

fcviais kvk\(o, toctovtov irepieôvaai^ rr)? yrjs,

ocrov diro'yjp'iqvve& ^v/jb/jberpo), klttov re 7repc/3a\eiv

avrbv /cal dfjL7re\ov<; rats Bdcfivais, dyaXfid re

eavrov evBov o-Tr)o-aa6ai,yi,yvd>o-icovTa 0S9 ^vfjufyvaei

rd BevBpa 6 %p6vo<z ical Bwaet nvd air avrwv

6po(j)ov, 09 ovrco %VfjLftef3\i)Tai vvv, ft>9 /jmJt€ veaOat

to lepbv firjT dvefMp eaTrvelaOai. Bpeirava Be teal

dppiyoi /cal Xrjvol /cal rdafjuj>l Xrjvovs avdrceirai

134

„„_,„.„myself against you ;

for neither do I wish to dissuade chap.

you from drinking, nor these companions of ours vn

either ; nay, I would allow you also to eat meat ;

for the abstinence from these things has, I perceive,

profited you nothing, though it has profited me in

the philosophic profession which I have made from

boyhood." The companions of Damis welcomedthis speech and took to their good cheer with a will,

thinking that they would find the journey easier if

they lived rather better.

VIII

They crossed the river Cophen, themselves in chap.

boats, but the camels by a ford on foot ; for the vni

river has not yet reached its full size here. They -0}™®°'were now in a continent subject to the king, In which on the

the mountain of Nysa rises covered to its very top ^Nysa1

with plantations, like the mountain of Tmolus in

Lvdia ;and you can ascend it, because paths have

been made by the cultivators. They say then that

when they had ascended it, they found the shrine of

Dionysus, which it is said Dionysus founded in

honour of himself, planting round it a circle of laurel

trees which encloses just as much ground as suffices

to contain a moderate sized temple. He also sur-

rounded the laurels with a border of ivy and vines;

and he had set up inside an image of himself,

knowing that in time the trees would grow togetherand make themselves into a kind of roof; and this

had now formed itself, so that neither rain can

wet nor wind blow upon the shrine. And there

were scythes and baskets and wine-presses and their

'35

cap. rw Atovvaw yjpvva /cal dpyvpd icaOdirep rpvywvrc.

rb Be ayaXfjua ei/caarai puev i<pr)/3a> 'It'S&), \l0ov

Be' eêarac Xev/cov. opytdôvro^ Be avrov /cal

ct€lovto<z rr)v Nvaav, d/covovaiv ai iroXeis al vrrb

rwopel /cal ^vveâipovrai.

IX

cap. Aiafyepovrai Be rrepl rov Atovvaov rovrov

/cal "JLXXrjves 'IvBois /cal 'IvBol dXXijXoLS' rj/nel^

Hev yap rbv €)i]/3aiov eir 'YvBoijs ekdaat cpafiev

arparevovrd re /cal â/cyevovra re/cfirjpLois yjpto-

puevoL T0t9 re aXXoc<; /cal rco Tlvdoc dvaOrjfxari,

o Br] dirbOerov oi e/cel Orjaavpol laôvatv eanBe dpyvpov 'IvBl/cov Blgkos, a> eiriyeypairrav

AIONTSOS O SEMEAHS KAI AIOS AHOINAHN AnOAAHNI AEA3>m. 3

Iv$&v Be

oi irepl Kav/caaov /cal Ka)(j)r]va irorapbov eTrrjXvrrjv''

'Aaavpiov avrov <âcnv eXOelv rd rod @7j/3atov

elBora' oi Be rr)v 'lvBov re /cat 'TBpaaorov fiearjv

vepbOfievoL /cal rrjv fierd ravra rjireipov, r) Br)

e? woraphv Tdyyrjv reXevra, Aiovvaov yeveadai

Trora/JLOv rralBa 'IvBov Xeyovaiv, <w cfroirrjaavra

rbv e/c %r)f3a)V e/celvov, Ovpaov re d^jraaOai /cal

Bovvai opylois, elirovra Be, &>9 eci] Aibs /cal rw rov

Trarpbs e/j,/3t,a)r) p^rjpw ro/cov eve/ca, Mrjpov re

evpeaOat irap avrov opos, w rrpoa(3ep7]/cev r; Nvcra,

/cal rr)v Nvo~dv ru> Atovvaw eK^vrevaat dirdyovra

136


furniture dedicated to Dionysus., as if to one who chap.

gathers grapes, all made of gold and silver. And theVIn

image resembled a youthful Indian, and was carved

out of polished white stone. And when Dionysuscelebrates his orgies and shakes Nysa, the cities

underneath the mountain hear the noise and exult in

sympathy.

IX

Now the Hellenes disagree with the Indians, and chap.

the Indians among themselves, concerning this

Dionysus. For we declare that the Theban Dionysus

Dionysus made an expedition to India in the role to Illdia

both of soldier and of reveller, and we base our

arguments, among other things, on the offering at

Delphi, which is preserved in the treasuries there.

And it is a disc of Indian silver bearing the inscription :

iC

Dionysus the son of Semele and of Zeus, from the His offering

men of India to the Apollo of Delphi." But the

Indians who dwell in the Caucasus and along the

river Cophen say that he was an Assyrian visitor

when he came to them, who understood the affairs

of the Theban. But those who inhabit the district

between the Indus and the Hydraotes and the

continental region beyond, which ends at the river

Ganges, declare that Dionysus was son of the river Indian

Indus, and that the Dionysus of Thebes having become ofonysushis disciple took to the thyrsus and introduced it in

the orgies; that this Dionysus declared that he wasthe son of Zeus and had lived safe inside his father's

thigh until he was born, and that he found a

mountain called Merus or "Thigh

"on which Nysa

borders, and planted Nysa in honour of Dionysus with

J 37

cap. i/c ®r)(3wv to yovv Tr}$ dpureXov, ov koX 'AXeâv-

Bpos bpyidcrai. ol Be tt)v Nvcrav oiKovvres ov

(fiacre rbv'

AXeâvBpov aveXOelv e? to 6po$, aU'

op/Arjo-ai fjuev, iireiBr] <fii\6rip,6<; re rjv Kal apyaio-

Xoyias t]ttcov, Betaavra Be pur) e'9 dpureXovs nrapeX-

Oovres ol MafceBoves, as %p6vov rjBr) ov% ewpaiceo~av,

e'9 irodov twv olicoi aTrevexOwcriv, rj iirtOvpulav tlvcl

oXvov dvaXd/3(ocr iv eldicrpAvoi r\Br\ r& vBari, irape-

Xciaai rrjv Nvaav, evtjdpuevov r& Aiovvcrw Kal

Ovaavra iv rfj vircopela. Kal yiyvoocrKG) puev ovk

€9 X^pw Tavra iviot? <ypd(f)(Qv, eTreiBr) ol i;vv

'AXe^dvBpo) errpareveravres ovBe Tavra e'9 to

dXrjOe? dveypatyav, Bel Be dXrjOelas ipol yovv, r)v

el fcd/celvot, iiryvecrav, ovk av dcfieiXovro ical rovBe

tov iyKcopbtov rbv ÂXeâvBpov tov yap aveXOelv

e'9 to 0/309 ical fiafC)(evo~aL avrov, a i/celvoi Xeyovcri,

puelôv, olpuai, to virep fcaprepLas tov arparov pbrjBe

dvaf3rjvat.

cap. T^ Be"

Aopvov irerpav ov itoXv direyovcrav ttjs

Nvo-779 IBelv puev ov(firjarcv

6 Adp,is, iv iicfioXf) yapKetcrdat rfjs 6Bov ical BeBtevau tov rjyepiova iicrpe-

ireaOai iroi irapa to evOv, dicovcrai Be, 0S9 «.Xcoto9

fjuev 'AAefdvBpcc yevooro, "Aopvos Be ovopdôtro ovk

i7T€iBr) o-idBia TrevreKatBeKa dveaTrjKe, ireTovrai

'3?


the vine of which he had brought the suckers from chap.

Thebes ;and that it was there that Alexander held his

IX

orgies. But the inhabitants of Nysa deny that Alex- neve?n

ander ever went up the mountain, although he was ascended to

eager to do so, being an ambitious person and fond of

old-world things ; but he was afraid lest his Mace-

donians, if they got among vines, which they had not

seen for a long time, would fall into a fit of home-sickness or recover their taste for wine, after they had

already become accustomed to water only. So they

say he passed by Nysa, making his vow to Dionysus,and sacrificing at the foot of the mountain. Well I

know that some people will take amiss what I write,

because the companions of Alexander on his cam-

paigns did not write down the truth in reporting

this, but I at any rate insist upon the truth, andhold that, if they had respected it more, they would

never have deprived Alexander of the praise due to

him in this matter; for, in my opinion it was a

greater thing that he never went up, in order to

maintain the sobriety of his army, than that he

should have ascended the mountain and have himself

held a revel there, which is what they tell you.

Damis says that he did not see the rock called the chap.

P Birdless"

(Aornus), which is not far distant from

Nysa, because this lay off their road, and their guide Aornus

feared to diverge from the direct path. But he sayshe heard that it had been captured by Alexander,and was called f? Birdless," not because it rises

9,000 feet, for the sacred birds fly higher than that ;

J 39

x'

yap Kal v7T€p tovto ol lepol opviOes, aX)C ev tcopvcpf}

t?7? irerpas pr}y/j,a elvai (paai tol»9 virepireTOfievov^twv opvlOwv e7ria7rcofjLevov, &>9 'A6rjvr)o~b re ISelv

icrTCv ev irpoSo/Kp rov UapOevwvos Kal iroXXaxovT>5? Qpvywv Kal AvScov 7779, v<f ov rrjv 7rerpav

"Aopvov K€K\7Ja0ai re Kal elvai.

XI

XI'

'Eâvvovres Se enl rov 'IvSbv iraiSl evrvyydvovai

TpiaKaiheKa ttov errj yeyovoTi, eir eXecfravTOs oôv-

fjLev<pKal iraiovri to Orjplov. eirel Se eOavfiaaav

opwvres"ti epyovê^rj,

"co Ad/M, dyadov nr7reft>9;"

"Tt 8' a\\o ye," elirev^

"r) l^rjaavra eirl rov Xttttov

dpyeiv re avrov Kal tw %aXivetv Kal koXol-

%eiv araKTOVvra, koi irpoopav, o>9 fir) e'9 (366pov i)

rdcppov r) %d<r/jLa KareveÔeirj Ittttos, ore ye Si

e\ou9 r) tttjXov ^wpoirj;" " aXXo Se ovSev, w Ad/xi,

diraiTrjaofjiev" ecf)7],"rov dyadov lirirea;^

"vr) At,"

elire," to re dva7rrjSo)vn fiev ra> Ittttw 717309 to aifibv

e<pelvai rov yaXivov, Kara irpavov^ Be lovri ol fir)

l^vyywpeZv, cfiOC dvOekKeiv, Kal to Karayfrrjaai Se rd

o>ra r) tt)v âiT7]v, Kal fir) del r) fidcrri^ aocj)ov efioiye

SoKei /7T7reft)9, Kal eiraivoirfv dv rov wSe byovfievovT" tw Se Srj fjuaîfKi) re Kal TroXefiiarrfplw rivcov Sei""tgov ye avroov"

ecfrr),

"&>

''

AiroXXwvie, Kal irpos ye

tovtois rov fidXXeiv re Kal (frvXarreo-Oai, Kal to eVe-

Xdcrai Se Kal to direXdaai, Kal to dveiXrjaai iroXe-

filov<;, koXpur) eav eKirXrjTTeordai rov lirirov, ore

140


but because on the summit of the rock there is, they chap.

say, a cleft which draws into itself the birds which

fly over it, as we may see at Athens also in the

vestibule of the Parthenon, and in several places in

Phrygia and Lydia. And this is the reason why the

rock was called and actuallv is" Birdless."

XI

And as they made their way to the Indus they met chap.a boy of about thirteen years old mounted on an XI

elephant and striking the animal. And when they o/mahSutswondered at the sight, Apollonius said :

"Damis, and

what is the business of a good horseman ?" "

Why, intelligence

what else," he replied, "than to sit firm upon the

horse, and control it, and turn it with the bit, and

punish it when it is unruly, and to take care that the

horse does not plunge into a chasm or a ditch or

a hole, especially when he is passing over a marshor a clay bog?" "And shall we require nothingelse, O Damis, of a good horseman ?

"said

Apollonius."Why, yes," he said,

" when the horse

is galloping up a hill he must slacken the bit ; andwhen he is going down hill he must not let the horse

have his way, but hold him in;and he must caress

his ears and mane;and in my opinion a clever rider

never uses a whip, and I should commend any onewho rode in this way."

" And what is needful for a

soldier who rides a charger ?" " The same things,"

he said," O Apollonius, and in addition the ability

to inflict and parry blows and to pursue and to

retire, and to crowd the enemies together, without

letting his horse be frightened by the rattling of

141

cap. BovTrrjaeiev adrift? i) aarpdtyeiav ai zeopv6e$, rj

iraiavtôvTQiv T€ zeal d\a\a£6vTcov /3oy yevoiTO,

ao<f)La, oifjbdi, iinrizcfi Trpoa/eeiTai."" tovtov ovv,"

€(j)rj,

" tov eirl tov eXecpavTos lirirka tl <j>rjaeLs;

"

"7roWq>," €<f>7],

"davfiaaidoTepov, 'A7roW(ovie, to

yap 07)pi(p ttjXlkovtw eirLTeTdÔaL TrjXizcovBe ovra,

zeal evdvvetv avro zeaXavpoirc, r)v opas avTov

i/jL/3a\6vTa T(p i\e(j)avTL, (oairep ayzevpav, zeal \xrjTe

tt)v oyfriv tov Orjplov BeBtevai fjbrjTe to vyfro? /Jbijre

Trjv pcofirjv Toaavrrjv ovaav, BaifiovLov e/jLOLye Bozeel,

zeal ovB' av eirlaTevaa, fid ttjv 'AOrjvav, el irepov

rjzeovaa.""

tl ovv," e(f>rj,

"el diroBoadat Tt? rjjulv

rov iralBa /SovXolto, ayvrjarj avTov, co Acl/m;" "

vr)

AC," elire," twv ye efxavrov ttcivtcov. to yap

(oairep aKpoirdXtv /caretXrjôTa Becrroêiv Orjplov

fieylarov wv rj yrj ftoazeei, eXevOepas ejioiye Bo/eel

(frvaea)? zeal Xafiirpa? elvai.""

tl ovv XPy°~V t<P

ttcuBL"eeprj,

"el

/jlt)zeal tov eXeepavTa Qovrjarj;

" "fjj

Te olzela," ecprj,"

eTrtaTrjaa) tj) efiavTOV zeal Tot?

olzeeTais zeal 7roWw j3e\TLOV tovtwv r) iyco aptjei."" av Be ov% izeavosT e^trj,

"tu>v aeavTOv apxeiv"

\. 6v ye," elire,"

zeal av Tpoirov, co*

KiroWoDvie'

zcaTa\i7roov yap Ta/jLaTrepLeifjLi, coairep av, epiXofia-

Ocov zeal 7repMppovwv tcl ev tj} i;evrj" "el Be Brj

irpiaLO tov iralBa, zeal Xititw aoi yevoiaOrjv 6 puev

d/jLiWr/Trjpios, 6 Be 7roXe/jLize6<;, dvadrjarj avTov, a>

Ad/jbi, eirl tov? Iititovs""

eirl fiev tov d/iiXXrjTr}-

piov," elirev,"

iaco? av, e7reiBr) zeal eTepovs 6pa>, tov

142


shields or the flashing of the helmets, or by the noise CHAP.

made when the men raise their war-cry and give a XI

whoop ; this, I think all belongs to good horseman-

ship." "What then will you say of this boy whois riding on the elephant?" "He is much more

wonderful, Apollonius. For it seems to me a super-human feat for such a tiny mite to manage so hugean animal and guide it with the crook, which yousee him digging into the elephant like an anchor,without fearing either the look of the brute or its

height, or its enormous strength ;and I would not

have believed it possible, I swear by Athene, if I hadheard another telling it, and had not seen it."

"Well then," said Apollonius," if anyone wanted to

sell us this boy, would you buy him, Damis ?" "Yes,

by Zeus," he said, "and I would give everything I

have to possess him For it seems to me the mark of a

liberal and splendid nature, to be able to capture like

a citadel the greatest animal which earth sustains, andthen govern it as its master." "What then would youdo with the boy," said the other,

" unless youbought the elephant as well ?

" "I would set him,"said Damis,

" to preside over my household and over

my servants, and he would rule them much better

than I can." "And are you not able," said

Apollonius, "to rule your own servants?" "About

as able to do so," replied Damis," as you are yourself,

Apollonius. For I have abandoned my property,and am going about, like yourself, eager to learn

and to investigate things in foreign countries."" But if you did actually buy the boy, and if youhad two horses, one of them a racer, and the othera charger, would you put him, O Damis, on these

horses ?"

"I would perhaps," he answered,"upon

143

cap. Be fjbdîfjbov re /cal birXiTevovTa 7reo9 av dvaftalvol

ovtos; ovt€ yap aairiha BvvaiT av (pepeiv, ^9 Bel

rot? lirirevovaiv, out av Ocopa/ca r) Kpcivos, afyprjvBe 7TW? ovtos, 09 ovBe arpa/crov fiiXovs rj roêv-

/jiaros Kpahaivoi av, -tyeXXLôpbeva) 69 ra iroXepuKa

ioi/cax; en;" "

erepov ovv 74," ecprj,"

0) Ad/u, iarlv,

b tov eXecpavTa tovtov rjVLOêt /cal irepjiret, /cal ou%

r)vioyo<$ ovtos, bv av povov ov itpoa/cvvels virb

OavpLaros" tov Be eiirovTOS"ri av elrj tovto,

'KiroXXowie; opw yap eirl tov Orjpiov jrXrjv tov irat-

809 ovBev €Tepov."" to Orjpiov" ecfrrj,

" tovto evirai-

BevTov Te irapa irdvTa eaTi, KaireiBdv dira^

dvaytcaaOf) viro dvOpooTru* ^rjv, dveyeTai tcl e/c tov

avdpcoirov irdvTa /cal opborjdeiav eiriTrjBevei ttjv

7Ty0O9 avTov, âipei T€ cnTOvpuevov dirb t^9 îpos,

wairep oi pu/cpol tmv kvvwv, irpoaiovTa t€ tjj

irpovopbaia al/cdXXec /cal ttjv /cecftaXrjv €9 tt/v

(j)dpvyya eacoOovvTa dveêTai /cal /ceyr/vev e<$ oaov

tg> dvdpco7rw Bo/cel, /caQdirep iv toI? vopudaiv

ecopcopuev. vv/CTcop Be XeyeTai tt/v BovXeiav oXocjiv-

peaOai.. p,ci AC, ov TeTpiyos, oirolov elcoOev, dXX*

ol/CTpov Te /cal iXeeivbv dva/cXdov, el Be avQpanro<$

eiricTTairi oBvpopuevw TavTa, layeu tov Opr/vov 6 eXe-

cjyas, wairep alBovp,evo<;. at»T09 Br/ eavTov, a> Adpui,

apêi /cal r) ireido) avTov r) rrjs (pvaecos ayei puaXXov

rj6 eiriKelp>evo^ Te /cal direvOvvwvr

144


the racer, for I see others doing the same, but how chap.could he ever mount a war-horse accustomed to carry

XI

armour ? For he could not either carry a shield, as

knights must do;or wear a breast-plate or helmet ;

and how could he wield a javelin, when hecannot use the shaft of a bolt or of an arrow,but he would in military matters be like a

stammerer." "Then," said the other, "there is,

Damis, something, else which controls and guidesthis elephant, and not the driver alone, whom youadmire almost to the point of worshipping." Damis

replied :

" What can that be, Apollonius ? For I

see nothing else upon the animal except the boy.""This animal," he answered, "is docile beyond all

others;and when he has once been broken in to

serve man, he will put up with anything at thehands of man, and he makes it his business to betractable and obedient to him, and he laves to eat out

of his hands, in the way little dogs do;and when his

master approaches he fondles him with his trunk,and he will allow him to thrust his head into his jaws,and he holds them as wide open as his master likes,

as we have seen among the nomads. But of a nightthe elephant is said to lament his state of slavery,

yes, by heaven, not by trumpeting in his ordinary

way, but by wailing mournfully and piteously. Andif a man comes upon him when he is lamenting in

this way, the elephant stops his dirge at once as if hewere ashamed. Such control, O Damis, has heover himself, and it is his instinctive obedience whichactuates him rather than the man who sits upon himand directs him."

145

VOL. I. L

XII

cap. 'E7rl Be rov 'IvBbv i\66vT€<; dyeXrjv eXe(f)dvTcov

IBelv (j>acn 7repaiovfievov<; rov iroTafiov, ical rdBe

(ikovgcu irepl tov Orjplov &)? ol puev avrcov eXetoi,

ol S' av opeioi, ical rpirov r)Brj yevo? ireBivol elans,

aXtaKOVTai re e? ttjv tcov TroXe/Mictov ypelav.

fidyovTai yap Brj eirecriceuao'/iievoi, irvpyovs oiovs

Kara Beica ical 7revT€icalBeica 6/jlov tmv 'IvBcov

Beâadai, afi &v Toêvovai re ical dicovTiôuaiv

ol}

\vBoi, KaOdirep eic irvXSiV fidXXovre*;. ical

avrb Be to Qr)plov yelpa rrjv irpovo/Jbalav rjyetrai,

ical yprjrat avrfj e? to dicovTiêiv. oaov Be Xttttov

Nio-cdov /juel^cov 6 Aiftv/cbs eXecfras, too-ovtov tcov

e/c Ac/3v7)<; ol 'IvBol fielôu*;. irepl Be r)Xiicta$ tov

£a>ov teal (09 fia/cpo/3idi)TaTOi, etprjTcu fiev ical

eTepois, evTvyeiv Be ical ovtol (f>aaiv eXecj)avTt,

irepl TdgiXa fxeyiaT^v tcov ev 'IvBoi? ttoXlv, ov

ILVpLêiv T€ ol eiriyoipioi ical Taiviovv elvai yapBr) toiv 777)09 'AXejjavBpov virep Hcopov fie/jLayr)-

lievtov el? ovtos, ov, eTreiBr) irpoQvybUi^ e/jbe/jLayrjTo,

dvrj/cev 6'

AXetjavBpo? t& 'HXloj. elvai, Be ai/Tco

ical ypvaov eXucas irepl toc<; clt oBovatv etVe

fcepacri,,fcal ypdîxaTaeir avTWV 'EXXrjviicd XeyovTaAAESANAPOX O AI02 TON AIANTATill HAIfil. ovofia yap tovto tw eXefyavTieOeTO, fMeyaXov aguco-a? fieyav. gvveftdXovTO Be

ol eiriyiapioi irevTiqicovTa elvai, ical Tpiaicbcna eTrj

/uueTa tt]v /uidyrjv, ovirw Xeyoine^ ical oiroaa yeyovoj?

efidyeTo.

146


XII

And when they came to the Indus, they saw a chap.

herd of elephants crossing the river, and they say Cerentthat they heard this account of the animals. Some breeds

of them are marsh elephants, others again mountain° e ep antji

elephants, and there is also a third kind which belongsto the plain ;

and they are captured for use in war.

For indeed they go into battle saddled with towers Elephants

big enough to accommodate ten or fifteen Indiansused m wai

all at once;and from these towers the Indians shoot

their bows and hurl their javelins, just as if theywere taking aim from gate towers. And the animal

itself regards his trunk as a hand, and uses it to hurl

weapons. And the Indian elephants are as much

bigger than those of Libya, as these are biggerthan the horses of Nisa. And other authorities havedwelt on the age of the animals, and say that they are

very long-lived ;but our party too say that they came The

on an elephant near Taxila, the greatest city in India, porusat°*

who was anointed with myrrh by the natives and Taxila

adorned with fillets. For, they said, this elephantwas one of those who fought on the side of Porus

against Alexander; and, as it had made a brave

fight, Alexander dedicated it to the Sun. And it

had, they say, gold rings around its tusks or horns,whichever you call them, and an inscription was ontlicm written in Greek, as follows :

" Alexander the

son of Zeus dedicates Ajax to the Sun." For hehad given this name to the elephant, thinking so

great an animal deserved a great name. And the

natives reckoned that 350 years had elapsed since

the battle, without taking into account how old

the elephant was when he went into battle.

147

l 2

XIII

cap. 'Io/3a? Be, 09 rjpê Trore rod Aifivfcov e0vow$,

(f>rjal fjuev tjv/jLTrecreLV dXXtfXois eir eXecfrdvrcov

ircCKai Ai/3v/cov<; linreas—elvcu Be to2<$ fiev

irvpyov e? rov<s oBovras tceyapaypbkvov, tois Be

ovBev—vvktos Be eTriXafiovarjs rr)v jLLa^rjv rjrTTj-

Orjvai puev roik e7rtcrrj/jLov<; (fyrjat, (pvyetv Be e? rov"ArXavra to 0009, avrbs Be eXelv rerpaicoGiwv

fjurj/cei ercov varepov twv Biacf)vy6vT(ov eva /cal

TOVTTio-rjfiov eli'dt (ivT(p KoiKov /cal ov7T(o irepLre-

rpt/JL/jLevov vtto rod y^povov. ovto? 'Io/3a.9 TOVS

oBovras rcepara rjyelrat rd) (pveaOat p,ev avjov<;

odev irep ol /cp6ra(f)oi, TrapadrjyecrOaL Be firjBevl

erepw, [xeveiv B' &>9 e$vo~av /cal pur), oirep ol oBovres,

eKiriTTTeiv elr dva(f>vea0ar iyco 6° ov irpoaBeôfxattov Xoyov /cepard re yap el pur) nravra, rd ye twv

eXd(p(ov eKiriTTTei /cal dva^ver'ai, 6B6vre$ Be ol

puev roov dv0pdo7T(ov eKireaovvTai /cal dva^vaovraiTrdvres, %(p(ov 8* av ovBevl erepqy âvXtoBov; 1)

kvvoBovs avro/judrci}^ e/CTriaoi, ovB* dp e7rave\0oc

i/C7reacov, oirXov yap eve/ca r) <j)vai<; €/ji/3i/3d£et

avTOV? e'9 t<x9 yevv<;. teal aXXcos rd /cepara

ypapLfirjv diroropvevei kvkXw TTpo? rfj pt^r) /car

eviavrbv etcaarrov, 009 alyes re Br/Xovat Ka\ irdl-

fxvai /cal /3oe9, 6Boi><; Be Xeios e/ccfrverai, kol i)v pur)

Trrjpcoar} tl avrov, roioaBe del fxevei, puejeyei yapT779 Xt0d)Bov<; vXrjs re /cal ovular, /cal pbr)v kol

to /cepao-(f)op€LV nrepl rd Bl^rjXa rcov ^gkov puova

148


XIII

And Juba, who was once sovereign of the Libyan chap.

race, says that formerly the knights of Libya fought jj^on thewith one another on elephants, and one division of age of

these had a tower engraved upon their tusks, but thee ephants

others nothing. And when night interrupted the

fray the animals which were so marked had, he says,

got the worst of it, and fled into Mount Atlas ; buthe himself 400 years afterwards caught one of the

fugitives and found the cavity of the stamp still fresh

on the tusk and not yet worn away by time. This

Juba is of opinion that the tusks are horns, because And on the

they grow just where the temples are, and because thei?tusksf

they need no sharpening of any kind, and remain as

they grew and do not, like teeth, fall out and then

grow afresh. But I cannot accept this view;

for

horns, if not all, at any rate those of stags, do fall

out and grow afresh, but the teeth, although in the

case of men those which may fall out, will in everycase grow again, on the other hand there is not a

single animal whose tusk or dog-tooth falls out

naturally, nor in which, when it has fallen out, it will

come again. For nature implants these tusks in

their jaws for the sake of defence. And moreover,a circular ridge is formed year by year at the

base of the horns, as we see in the case of goatsand sheep and oxen ; but a tusk grows out quite

smooth, and unless something breaks it, it alwaysremains so, for it consists of a material and sub-

stance as hard as stone. Moreover the carryingof horns is confined to animals with cloven

hoofs, but this animal has five nails and the sole

149

CAP. 6aT7]K€y to Be %&ov tovto TTevT(£>vvyov Kal iroXv-

o-îSe? ty)V ftdcnv, t)Bia to /jlt) ea(j>iy)(0ai XVâ^

wairep ev vypu> earrjKe. Kal rocs /xev KepaafyopoL?

airaaiv vTrofiaXXovcra r\ §vgi<$ oarix o-rjpayycoBr)

7T€pLcf)vei,to fcepas e^codev, to Be toj^ iXetydvrcov

7rXr)p€<$ d7TO(f>aiV€0 KCLt O/JLOLOV, aVCLTTTV^CLVTl Be

avpiy% avrb Xeirrr) Biepirei, fxeaov, coairep tou<?

oBovras' elo~l Be ol fiev rcov eXeocov oBovres 7reXiBvol

Kal jiavol fieTaêipiaaaOai re cltottoi, iroXXayov

yap avrcop viroBeBiiKaai arjpayyes, iroXXayov Be

dvearaaL yakaâi pJr\ ^vyyoapovaai rjj reyvy,

ol Be tS)v opelcov pbeiov? fiev r) ovtol, XevKol Be

iKavws Kal Bvaepyov irepl avrov? ovBev, aptaroi

Be ol twv ireBivwv oBovres, fêyccrroi re yap Kal

XevKoraroi Kal avainvâi ijBeis Kal ylyvovrai irav

6 tl 6eXeirj X€iP' 6t

' ^ Kai V@V eXecpdvrcov %pr)

dvaypdtyeiv, tot;? pey eK rcov eXojv dXio~KO/jLevov<;

dvorjTOVS rjyovvrai, Kal KOV(pov<; 'IvBoi, rov<; Be eK

T&v opwv KaKor)Qei<$ re Kal einftovXevTds, Kal r}v

/JUT)Becovrai twos, ov fieftaiovs rots dv0p(O7roi,<;, ol

ireBivol Be y^P7)"10

'

1 T€ €tvai XeyovTai Kal evdywyoiKal /jLi/jLrjcrea)? epaarai' ypdôvat yovv fcal

opxpvvTai Kal irapevaaXevovvi 77730? avXov Kal

7rr)Ba)crcv dirb rrjs 7779 eKeivoi.

150

lifp: of apollonius, book u

of his foot has many furrows in it, and not being chap.confined by hoofs, it seems to stand on a soft,

xm

flabby foot. And in the case of all animals that have

horns, nature supplies cavernous bones and causes

the horn to grow from outwards, whereas she makesthe elephant tusk full and equally massive through-out ;

and when in the lathe you lay bare the interior,

you find a very thin tube piercing the centre of it,

as is the case with teeth. Now the tusks of themarsh elephants are dark in colour and porous anddifficult to work, because they are hollowed out into

many cavities, and often knots are formed in themwhich oppose difficulties to the craftsman's tool ;

but the tusks of the mountain kind, though smaller

than these, are very white and there is nothing aboutthem difficult to work

;but best of all are the tusks

of the elephants of the plain, for theSe are very

large and very white and so pleasant to turn andcarve that the hand can shape them into whateverit likes.

If I may also describe the characters of these

elephants ; those which come from the marshes,and are taken there, are considered to be stupid andidle by the Indians

; but those which come from the

mountains they regard as wicked and treacherous and,unless they want something, not to be relied uponby man

; but the elephants of the plain are said to

be good and tractable, and fond of learning tricks ;

for they will write and dance, and will sway them-'selves to and fro and leap up and down from the

ground to the sound of the flute.

IS

XIV

cap. 'iBtov Be toi>? iXetpavras 6'

AttoWcovlos tov

lvoov irepaiov/jLevovs, rjaav be, oifiai, rpiaKOvra,

Kal 'XpwfJLevovs rjye/jbovi rto a/jLLKpordrtp atptbv, Kal

tou? /xetfof? avTtov dveCkrjtporas tou? avrtov ttco-

Xof? eirl t<z? twz' oBovrtov 7rpo/3o\a<; Ta? T6

Trpovo/jLalas eVefeuÔTa? Beap,ov eveKa " ravra

flip" etprj,

"o) &d/M, ovBe eirtTaTTOVTO^ ovBevhs

avTOts dcfi eavrtbv ovrot Bed tjvvecrtv re Kal aotplav

TrpcLTTOvai, Kal opas, ft>? irapair\r]aito^ to?? a/cev-

aytoyoveriv dveiXrjtyacTi tovs irtoXovs kcli /cara-

&7)o~dfjL€VOi, slvtovs dyovatv ;

" "opco," ecprj,

"to

1

A.7roWcovie, ft>? aoepcos re clvto Kal ^vverto<; irpdi-tovgi. tl ovv ftovXerai to evrjOes itceivo eppov

Tiafia to£? epetTêXovai cpvcriKrjv r) fjur) rr)v 7r/)o?

rd retcva elvai evvoiav ; rovrl yap Kal eXefyavTes

77877 /3ocoaLv, ft)? izapd tt}? epveretos avrols rjKeo' ov

yap Br) irapa dvOptoirtov ye /jLefiaOrj/caaiv avro,

toairep ra dXXa, ol ye /nrjBe i;v/jL/3e/3icbKao-i ireo

dv6p(07roi<;, dXXa cpvaec /ce/crrj/jbevoi to tpiXeiv a

ere/cov, irpoK^BovTal re avrtov Kal TraiBorpotpovcri."11 Kal

/jLT) tow? eXecfiavras elirr)^, to Adpu' rovro yapto %<oov Bevrepov dvOptoirov rdrrto Kara %vvealvre Kal /3ou\a?, dXXa t«? re apKrovs ev0v/jLovp,ai

puaXXov, go? dypicoTaraL Orjpiow ovaai irdvd* virep

rtov aKVfivtov irpdrrovcri, tov? re Xvkovs, to? del

irpoaKeifJievoL rto dpirdêiv r) fiev OrfXeia tpvXdrret


XIV

And Apollonius saw a herd, I think, of about thirty chap.

elephants crossing over the River Indus, and theyXIV

were following as their leader the smallest among eiepTnvnts

°

them;

but the bigger ones had picked up their for the1r

young ones on their projecting tusks, where they5

held them fast by twining their trunks around them.Said Apollonius :

" No one, O Damis, has instructed

them to do this, but they act of their own instinctive

wisdom and cleverness;

and you see how, like

baggage-porters, they have picked up their yoUng,and have them bound fast on, and so carry them

along.""

I see," he said,"Apollonius, how cleverly

and with what sagacity they do this. What thenis the sense of the silly speculation indulged in bythose who idly dispute whether the affection of

animals for their young is natural or not, when these

very elephants, by their conduct, proclaim that it is

so, and that it comes to them by nature ? For theyhave certainly not learnt to do so from men, as theyhave other things ;

for these have never yet shared

the life of men, but have been endowed by nature

with their love of their offspring, and that is whythey provide for them and feed their young.""And," said Apollonius, "you need not, Damis, Apollonius

confine your remarks to elephants ;for this animal is JJ^Ji"^

1

only second to man, in my opinion, in understanding animals

and foresight ;but I am thinking rather of bears,

for they are the fiercest of all animals, and yet theywill do anything for their whelps; and also of wolves,

among which, although they are so addicted to

plunder, yet the female protects its young ones, and

*53

cap. a ere/cev, 6 he dpprjv virep awrrjpia^ rwv a/cvXd-

kcov dirdyet avrfj atrov, rd<; re TraphdXets ooaav-

TG)?, at hid 0ep/jLOT7]Ta yatpovcri tw ytyveaOat

ptrjrepes, heairoêtv yap hrj rore j3ovXovrai rcov

dppevcov /cal rod ol/cov apyeiv, ol he dveypvrai to

ef avTcov irav fjTrcoptevot rod ro/cov. Xeyerat he T£9

/cal wept twv Xeaiv&v Xoyos, &>9 epaards ptev irot-

ovvtcli tou? iraphdXets /cal heôvrat avrov? eirl

Ta9 evvds ra>v Xeovrcov e'9 rd irehla, tt}? he yaarpos

copav dyovarfs dvaêvyovatv e9 rd opt) /cal rd rwv

iraphdXecov tjOt], ari/crd yap rt/crovatv, b'Oev

KpvTTTOVGiv avrd /cal OrjXdôvcrtv ev cr/coXtats

Xo^yLtat9 7rXaadfjL€vai d<f>r)ptepevetv irpbs Orjpav. el

yap (poopdcreiav rourl ol Xeovres, hiacnroivjai tovs

(tkv/jlvovs /cal %aivovcri tt)V airopdv ft>9 voOov.

eVeTU^€9 hrjirov /cal rwv 'O/jbrjpeicov Xeovrcov evi, ct>9

virep rSiv eavrov a/cvptvcov heivbv ftXeirei /cat

pcovvvatv eavrov ptd%7]<; dirreaOat. /cal rrjv rtyptvhe âXeTrcordrrjv ovadv <paatv ev rfjhe rfj X^P?/cal irepl rrjv OdXarrav rrjv '^LpvOpdv eirl to-9 vavs

teaOat, tou9 cr/cvptvovs diratrovaav, /cat diroXa-

ffovaav ptev dirievai xaipovaav, el he diroirXevaatev,

copvecrdat avrrjv irpbs rfj OaXarrrj /cat diroOvrja/cetv

evtore. rd he rcov opvtOcov T49 ov/c olhev ; a>9

derol ptev /cal ireXapyol /caXids ov/c av injijatvro

fjtrj irpbrepov avrais evapptbaavres 6 ptev rbv

dertrrjv Xidov, 6 he rbv Xvyytrrjv virep rfjs

tpoyovtas /cal rod ptrj ireXdêtv a(f>tai rovs o(j)et<;.

Kav rd ev rfj OaXdrry a/coirwptev, tov9 ptev heX<f)tva$

i54


the male brings her food in order to save the life of the chap.

whelps. And I also equally have in mind the panther,XIV

which, from the warmth of its temperament, delightsto become a mother, for that is the time when it is

determined to rule the male and be mistress of the

household;and the male puts up with anything and

everything from her, subordinating everything to

the welfare of the offspring. And there is also told

a story of the lioness, how she will make a lover of

the panther and receive him in the lion's lair in the

plain ;but when she is going to bring forth her young

she flees into the mountains to the haunts of the

panthers ;for she brings forth young ones that are

spotted, and that is why she hides her young andnurses them in winding thickets, pretending that

she is spending the day out hunting. For if the

lion detected the trick, he would tear the whelps in

pieces and clawr her offspring as illegitimate. Youhave read no doubt, also, of one of Homer's lions,

and of how he made himself look terrible in behalf

of his own whelps and steeled himself to do battle

for them. And they say the tigress, although she is

the cruellest animal in this country, will approachthe ships on the Red Sea, to demand back her whelps ;

and if she gets them back, she goes off mightily

delighted ;but if the ships sail away, they say that

she howls along the sea-coast and sometimes dies

outright. And who does not know the ways of birds,

how that the eagles and the cranes will not build

their nests until they have fixed in them, the onean eagle-stone, and the other a stone of light, to

help the hatching out of the eggs and to drive awaythe snakes. And if we look at creatures in the sea,

we need not wonder at the dolphins loving their

155

cap. ovk av Oav/jbdcrcufjLev, el xprjo-rol ovres cfriXore-

kvovgl, cfraXacvas Be /ecu <£co/m? real ra ^woroKa

eOvrj 7TC09 ov Oav/juaaopbeOa, el ^>coki] /nev, rjv elBov

eyco ev Alyats KaOeipyfievrjv e? Kvvrjyia, oi/t&)?

eirevOrjaev airoOavovTa rbv aKvpuvov, ov ev tw

olfcicr/cG) aTTefcvrjaev, go? fir) irpoaBeâaOat rpiwv

fjfjuepwv alrov, na'noi /3opo)raT7] Orjplcov ovaa,

fyaXaiva Be 69 toi>9 ^rjpafjiov^ Tr)? (pdpvyyos

dvaXap,$dvei tovs cncvfivovs, eireiBav <j>evyr) ri

eavTrjs fieiôv ; Kal e^cBva wcpOrj irore tovs octets,

ovs ci7reT€Ke, Xl^jjlo)fxevr] Kal Oepairevovaa e/c/cei-

fjLevrj rfj yXcorrrj. fir) yap 6V^&>yLie#a, S) Ad/iL, rbv

evrjOrj Xoyov, &>9 a/jbrfropes 01 tcov iîBvcov tiktovtcu,

tovti yap ovBe r) <pvo~is ^vyKe^coprj/cev, ovre r)

irelpa^ v7ro\a/3(bv ovv 6 Aa/xi9"^vy^wpeU ow,"

ecf>7),

" rbv ^vpiiriBrjv erraivelv eirl tw lafifteia)

tovto), w ireiroiT)Tai avra) r) 'AvBpo/uLd^r) Xeyovaa

diraai By

dvOpdmois dp rjv

tyvXV re/cva ;

"

"SvJX^P^' fyV'

"vocpoos yap Kal Baifiovio)^

etprjTai, ttoXXg) 8' dv aocfxorepov Kal dXrjOeo-repov

elêv, el irepl Trdvrcov ^(pcov v/jlvtjto.""

eoiica<;"

e<f)r),

" '

ATToWcovie, fjueraypdêiv to lafiftelov, tv

ovtcos aBoifiev

diraai Be âxus dp rjv

Kal eiropbai aoi, fieXnov ydp"


offsprings for they are superior creatures ; but shall chap.

we not admire the whales and seals and the viviparousXIV

species? For. I once saw a seal that was kept shut The tame

up at Aegae in the circus, and she mourned soAegae

deeply for her whelp, which had died after being born

in confinement, that she refused food for three daystogether, although she is the most voracious of

animals. And the whale takes up its young ones

into the cavities of its throat, whenever it is fleeingfrom a creature bigger than itself. And a viper has

been seen licking the serpents which it had borne,and caressing them with her tongue, which she

shoots out for the purpose. But we need not

entertain, Damis, the silly story that the young of

vipers are brought into the world without mothers ;

for that is a thing which is consistent neither with

nature nor with experience."Damis then resumed the conversation by saying :

" You will allow me then to praise Euripides, for

this iambic line which he puts into the mouth of

Andromache :

f And in the case of all men, then, their life layin their children.'

"

"I admit," said Apollonius, "that that is said

cleverly and divinely; but much cleverer and truer

would have been the verse, if it had included all

animals." " Then you would like," said Damis," O Apollonius, to rewrite the line so that we might

sing it as follows :

f And in the case of all animals, then, their life layin their children.'

and I agree with you, for it is better so."

157

XV

CAP. f 'AXX' e/CCLVO fJLOL €Vtt£ m OX)K €V dpyj) T^V ÔyCdV

€(j)a/jL€v ao(plav elvai irepl tovs iXecfravras /cal vovv

Trepl a irpdiTOvai ;

" "/cat €l/c6T(o<i,y elirev,

"£)

Adfjbi, ecpa/juev, el yap /jltj vovs e/cv{3epva roBe to

dr\piov, our av avrb Bieyiyvero ovt av ra eQvr\, ev

ot? yiyvercu.""tl ow," ecprj,

"ovtcos d/iaOus /cal

ov 7r/?o9 to ^prjaLfiov eavrols rrjv Bidftacriv iroiovv-

tcli ; rjyeiTai, jjlcv yap, ft)? Spas, 6 fii/cpoTaros,

eirerai Be avra> Tt? 6\iy(p jjlcl^cov, elra virep rovrov

erepos, /cal oi \ikyiGTOi /caioiriv irdvres. eBei Be

ttov tov evavTiov rpoirov avrovs TTOpeveaOhi /cal

to us [JLeyicrTOVS Teiyi) teal TrpopKrjjjbaTa eavTWV

iroieZo-Oai.""d\\\ &> Ad/u" ecprj,

"Trp&rov fiev

v7ro(f)€vy€LV iot/caai Blco^lv dv0p(D7ra)V, ol$ ttov /cal

ivTevô/xeOa eiroêvovs tw Xyyei, irpbs Be tou?

eTTUceiiievovs Bel ra Kara vcotov 7re(ppd%0ai jiaWov,

wairep ev rots iroXe/jbOis, /cal tovto Ta/crc/ccorarov

?)yov tq)v Orjpicov, eireira r\ Bidf3aacs, el puev irpoBie-

ftaivov oi pAyiGTOi acpcov, ovttco TeKfialpeadai

irapel'xpv av tov vBaros el Biafiijo-ovrai irdvTes,

rots fiev yap eviropos re /cal paBia ?) Trepaicocris

vtyrfkoTaTOis oven, tols Be âXeirr] re /cat airopos,

158


XV

" But tell me this : did we not, at the beginning chap.of our conversation, declare that the elephants dis- xv

play wisdom and intelligence in what they do ?' '

^^J^"Cl

" Why certainly/' he replied," we did say so, Damis ; elephants

for if intelligence did not govern this animal, neither pursued in

would it subsist, nor the populations among which it crossiu£ *

lived." "Why then," said Damis, "do they conducttheir passage over the river in a way so stupid andinconvenient to themselves ? For as you see, the

smallest one is leading the way, and he is followed

by a slightly larger one, then comes another still

larger than he, and the biggest ones come last of all.

But surely they ought to travel in the oppositefashion, and make the biggest ones a wall and

rampart in front of themselves." "But," replied

Apollonius," in the first place they appear to be

running away from men who are pursuing them, andwhom we shall doubtless come across, as they follow

the animals' tracks ; and they must and ought to use

their best strength to fortify their rear against attack,as is done in war ;

so that you may regard the elephantas the best tactician to be found among animals.

Secondly, as they are crossing a river, if their biggestones went first, that would not enable the rest of the

herd to judge whether the water is shallow enoughfor all to pass ;

for the tallest ones would find the

passage practicable and easy, but the others wouldfind it dangerous and difficult, because they wouldnot rise above the level of the stream. But the fact

that the smallest is able to get across is a sign in

itself to the rest that there is no difficulty. And

159

CAP.XV

CAP.XVI


fir) virepaipovGi tov pev/iaTos, BieXOtbv Be 6 a/ju/cpo-

raro<; to oXvttov fjBrj /cal Tot? Xonrols epfirjvevei,

KCtX &XX(0<i ol JJL6V fjLGLÔV? 7TpOefl/3aLVOVT€<; kolXo-

Tepov av tov TTOTafxbv dirofyaivoiev T0Z9 apiiKpol^,

dvdy/oj yap avvi^dveiv tt\v iXvv e? (366povs Bid re

/SapVTTjTCL TOV 07)pLOV Bid T€ 7ra^VT7]Ta TCOV TToBtoV,

01 B* eXaTTOV? ovBev av fiXdirTOiev tt\v tcov

/jlglôvcov Biairopeiav tjttov i/ipoOpevovTes"

XVI

"'Eyco Be evpov ev toIs 'Io/3<x Xoyois, a>9 koi

£vXXa/jLf3dvovcriv aXXrfXois ev Ty Orjpa /cal

TTpotcrTavTai tov aTrenrovTOS, kclv iêkwvTat avTov,to Bdicpvov t/}? aXorj? eiraXei(j)ovai toI<; Tpav/xaat

irepieaTWTes coairep laTpoi." ttoXXol Toiaina i(f>iXo-

ao(j>€iTo avTocs d<boppid<; iroiovfievoi^ tcl Xoyovagia.

XVII

cap. Ta Be Neapyrw Te /cal TlvOayopa irepl tov 'A/ce-

crtvov iroTa/Jbov eoprj/xeva, co? eo-paXXet fiev e? tov

'lvBov ovtos, Tpe(f>ec Be6<f>ei<; efiBo/jbrj/covTa tttj^cjv

p,r)/cos, TOiavTa elvai (paaiv, oirola ecprjTai, /cal

dvaK€LO-0CO \X0l 6 X0709 69 T0U9 BpdlCOVTaS, <*)V 6

Aa/w? dcfrrjyeiTai tt)V Orjpav. d$iKop,evoi Be eirl

tov 'YvBbv /cal 777)09 BtaBdaet tov iroTafiov ovtcs

rjpovTO tov âfivXcaviov, el tl tov iroTapuov olBe,

Bia/3do-€co$ nrepi epatTOiVTes, 6 Be ovirw efyrj

160

XVII


moreover, if the bigger ones went in first, they would chap.

deepen the river for the small ones, for the mud isxv

forced to settle down into ruts and trenches, owingto the heaviness of the animal and the thickness of his

feet;whereas the larger ones are in no way preju-

diced bythe smaller ones crossing in front, because

they sink in less deeply."

XVI

" And I have read in the discourse of Juba that chap

elephants assist one another when they are beingxu

hunted, and that they will defend one that is

exhausted, and if they can remove him out of danger,

they anoint his wounds with the tears of the aloe

tree, standing round him like physicians." Manysuch learned discussions were suggested to them as

one occasion after another worth speaking of arose.

XVII

And the statements made by Nearchus and chap.

Pythagoras, about the river Acesines, to the effectxvn

that it debouches into the Indus, and that snakes liveof

hKing

Uei

in it seventy cubits long, were, they say, fully verified Vardanes

by them ;but I will defer what I have to say till I come

to speak about dragons, of whose capture Damis givesan account. But when they reached the Indus andwere inclined to pass over the river, they asked the

Babylonian whether he knew anything of the river,

and questioned him about how to get across it.

161

VOL. I. M

cap. ireifkevKevai avrov, ovBe ytyvdxrfceiv, oiroOev

irkelrai."tl ovv," ecfraaav,

"ov/c e/jbccrOooaco

rjyefiova;""ore e<nw" ecprj, "o r^yrjo-ofievo^^ Kal

dfia iBel/cvv Tivd €7rtaToXrjv o>9 tovto irpdôvaav,

ore Brj /cat tov OvapBdvrjv . t?)? re (ptXavOpcoTTLas

Kal Tr}<; eirc/ieXe'ias dyaoBr)vai (f>aac 7T/30? yap tov

67rl tov 'IvBov crarpdTrrjv eire/jL-^re rrjv e7riGToXr)v

ravrrjv kclitol/jLtj vTrotcel/JLevov rf) eavrov dpXV>

evepyeaias dvafjLi/nvrjo-fcayv avrov, /cal ydpiv jxev

ov/c av eir e/celvrj diraiTrjo-at (pda/ccov—ov yap

e\vai 7rpo? tov eavrov rpoirov to avTairacTeiv—'

AttoXXgovwv Be viroBeâfjuevM leal irep.'tyavTi ol

(SovXeTai ydpiv av yvwvai. yjpvaiov Be t£) fjye/jiovi

eBco/cev, Xv el BerjOevra tov 'AttoXXcovlov acaOoiTO,

Botrj tovto /calfjur) e? dXXov yelpa f3Xe^retev. eirel

Be ttjv einaToXrjv 6 'IvBb? eXafte, /xeydXcov Te

d%iovo~9ai efyr) koX (fyiXoTi/jLâecrOac irepl tov dvBpa

fjuelov ovBev rj el 6 ftaaCXevs t<ov 'IvBcov virep avrov

eypacfre, /cal Tr\v Te vavv tt)v xjaTpairiBa eBw/cev

avTw efi&rjvaL irXold Te erepa, e<£' o)v at /cdfjLrjXoi

ercofiL&VTO, rjyefiova Te t?}? yr)<; 7rdcrrj<;, fjv 6

T8pad)Tr}<; opiêi, 777909 Te tov flaaiXea tov eavrov

eypatye /jut) xeipco avrov OvapBdvov yeveaOai irepl

dvBpa "QXXrjvd Te Kal delov.

162

But he said that he had never navigated it, nor did chap.

he know whence they could get a boat on to it." Why

xvn

then/' said they," did you not hire a guide ?

"

"Because/' he said,

" I have one who will direct us."

And with that, he showed them a letter, written to

that effect, and this gave them occasion to marvelafresh at the humanity and foresight of Vardanes.

For he had addressed the letter in question to the

satrap of the Indus, although he was not subject to

his dominion;and in it he reminded • him of the

good service he had done him, but declared that

he would not ask any recompense for the same,<c

for," he said,"

it is not my habit to ask for a return

of favours." But he said he would be very grateful,if he would give a welcome to Apollonius and sendhim on wherever he wished to go. And he had given

gold to the guide, so that in case he found Apolloniusin want thereof, he might give it him and save himfrom looking to the generosity of anyone else. Andwhen the Indian received the letter, he declared that

he was highly honoured, and would interest himself in

the sage as much as if the king of India had written

in his behalf; and he lent his official boat for himto embark in and other vessels on which the camels

were ferried across, and he also sent a guide to the

whole of the country which is bordered by the

Hydraotes, and he wrote to his own king, begginghim not to treat with less respect than Vardanes a

man who was a Greek and divine.

163

m 2

XVIII

OAI3. T oz, jj,ev Brj 'IvBbv &Be e7repaLcoOrjaav araBLov^

pbdXtara reaaapd/covra, rb yap irXoipuov avrov

rocrovrov, irepl Be rod rrorafiov rovrov rdBe

ypdtyovar rbv 'lvBbv dpyeadai /xev i/c rod Kau-

jcdaov pei^w avrbdev rj ol Kara rrjv''

Kaiav 7rora/jLol

irdvres, rrpo^wpelv Be 7roXXovs rwv vavairropoiv

eavrod TroLOvpLevov, dBeXtyd Be ra> NetXco rrpdrrovra

rfj re 'IvBc/cfj iTrixeZadai yrjv re eirdyetv rfj yfj /cal

rrapeêw *\vBol$ rbv hlyvrrrlaiv rpbirov arreipeiv.

yibai B' kidibiruiv re /cal KaraBoinrcov opcov

dvriXeyecv fiev ov/c djjico Bid toi>? elirbvras, ov pirjv

^vvrlOe/xat ye Xoyiôpbevos rbv 'IvBov, a>9 ravrbv

t<£> NetXw epydêrai p,rj vi<\>opbkvr)$ rrjs virep avrbv

y&pas, /cal dXXcos rbv Oebv olBa /cepara tt}? 777?

%vjjL7rdo-7i<; hWiorrds re /cal 'IvBovs drro(\>aivovra

jieXaivovrd re rov<s p,ev dpypp.evov rfXiov, rovs Be

Xr'iyovros, b 7rco? dv %vvej3aive rrepl tou? dvOpoarrov^,

el firj /cal rbv êi^va iOepovro ; fjv Be dvd rrdv

€to9 ddXiret yrjv 77X109, ttws civ t£? rjyocro vifyeo-Qcu,

7TW9 8' dv rr)V yiova yopr\ybv rol^ i/cetvy irorafxol^

•ylyveaOcu rod vrrepaipeiv rd acpcov avrcov /juerpa ;

el Be /cal (j)OLrdv "fciova is rd ovrco irpocreiXa, 7r&)9

av avrrjv e'9 roaovBe dvayyQ^vai ireXayos ; 7TW9 £'

av drro^prjaai rrorap,(p ftvQL'Cpvri Acyvirrov ;

164


XVIII

Thus they crossed the Indus at a point where it chap.

was nearly 40 stades broad, for such is the size of itsxvnI

navigable portion ;and they write the following ^".^Svc-.-

account of this river. They say that the Indus arises Indus

in the Caucasus and is bigger at its source than any of

the other rivers of Asia ; and as it advances it absorbsinto itself several navigable rivers and, like the Nile,it floods the land of India and brings down soil over

it, and so provides the Indians with land to sow in themanner of the Egyptians. Now it is said that thereis snow on the hills in Ethiopia and in the land of

the Catadupi, and I do not choose to contradict, out of

respect for the authorities; nevertheless, I cannot

agree with them, when I consider how the river

Indus effects the same results as the Nile, without anysnow falling on the country that rises behind andabove it. And moreover I know that God has set the

Ethiopian and the Indian at the two extremes or

horns of the entire earth, making black the latter

who dwell where the' sun rises no less than theformer who dwell where it sets ; now how shouldthis be the case of the inhabitants, unless they en-

joyed summer heat during the winter ? But wherethe sun warms the earth all through the year, howcan one suppose that it ever snows ? And how couldit ever snow there so hard, as to supply the rivers

there with water,rand make them rise above their

normal levels? But even if there were frequentsnowfalls in regions so exposed to the sun, how couldthe melted snow ever cover such an expanse as to

resemble a sea ? And how could it ever supply a

river which deluges the whole of Egypt ?

i6 S

XIX

cap.Ko/jLiô/jievoi, Be Btd tov 'IvBov 7roXXois fxev irora-

[Aiois Xttttols evTvêlv (jyaai, ttoXXols Be KpoKoBei-

Xols, coairep ol tov NelXov irXeovres, Xiyovai Be

/cat avOrj tw ^\vB& elvai, ola tov NeiXov ava^verac,koX ra<; wpa?, at irepl ttjv ÎvBlktjv elo~i, êtpiOivo^

fxev aXeeiva? elvai, Oepovs Be Trviyrjpas, irpbs Be

tovto apiGTa fA€jjL7]xavr)o-0ai, t<S Bcll/jLovi, ttjv yap

%oopav avTots 0afj,a veaOai. 4>acrl Be /cal d/covcrai

twv 'IvBwv, a><? a<f)i/cvoLTO fiev 6 ftaaiXevs eirl tov

iroraLibv tovtov, ore avafiifiaôiev avrbv al wpai,Ovoi Be avT(p ravpovs re /cal 'ittttov? fieXavas

—to

yap Xev/cbv aTi/uLorepov 'lvBol TiOevrai tov fieXavosBl , ol/juai, to eavrcov ^pcofxa

—dvaavra Be Kara-

ttovtovv (j>ao~i T& TTOTafJLUi %pvo~ovv pueTpov, ei/ca-

afievov tw airofierpovvTi rbv airov, /cale(/>'

oto) /xev

tovto TTpaTTet 6 ftaaiXevs, ov ^vfi/3aXeo-9ai tou?

'IvBovs, avTol Be tc/cfiatpeaQai to /neTpov icaTa-

irovTovaOai tovtorj virep acfrOovlas /capircov, ov$

yecopyol diropieTpovaiv, r) virep %v^leTpias tov

pevpbaTOS, go? /jlt) /caTa/cXvaeie tt)V yrjv 7roXvs

acfyi/cofievos.

XX

cap. TlopevOevTas Be ai/Tov<; virep tov iroTa/jubv r)yev

6 irapa tov aaTpdirov rjyeLLcov evOv twv TaîXcov,

ov to, (SaaiXeia rjv tg> ^lvBw. aToXrjv Be elvai to£?

166

XX


XIX

And as they were being conveyed across the Indus, chap.

they say that they came across many river-horses,XIX

and many crocodiles, just as those do who sail along oMheTndusthe Nile ; and they say that the vegetation on the with the

Indus resembles that which grows along the Nile, and* e

that the climate of India is sunny in winter, but

suffocating in summer;

but to counteract this

Providence has excellently contrived that it shouldoften rain in their country. And they also say that

they learned from the Indians that the king was in

the habit of coming to this river when it rose in the

appropriate seasons, and would sacrifice to the river

bulls and black horses;for white is less esteemed by

the Indians than black, because, I imagine, the latter

is their own colour;and when he has sacrificed, they

say that he plunges into the river a measure of goldmade to resemble that which is used in measuringwheat. And why the king does this, the Indians,

they say, have no idea ; but they themselves con-

jectured that this measure was sunk in the river,

either to secure the plentiful harvest, whose yieldthe farmers use such a measure to gauge, or to keepthe river within its proper bounds and prevent it

from rising to such heights as that it would drownthe land.

XX

And after they had crossed the river, they were chapconducted by the satrap's guide direct to Taxila,

xx

where the Indian had his royal palace. And they {JJSJJ,?'

the

say that on this side of the Indus the dress of the natives

167

cap. fierd rbv 'IvBbv Xivov cpaalv eyycopiov Kal vrroBij-

fjuara ftvftXov Kal kvvtjv, ore vol, Kal fivcro-to Be

TOt>? (fiavepcorepovs avrcov (f>aacv ecrraXdat, rr\v Be

fivacrov (frveaOcu BevBpov cf)acrlv ojulolov fiev rfj

Xev/crj rrjv fBdcnv, TraparrXâiov Be rfj Irea rd

rreraXa. Kal rjcrdrjvai rfj fivcrcrcp cjyrjalv 6 'AttoA,-

Xcovlos, e7reihr) eoiKe cpaito rpi/3covi. Kal e\ Klyv-tttov Be e£ 'IvBcov €? 7roXXa rcov lepcov cpoLra rj

/3ucr<70?. ret, he TdîXa fieyedos fxev eivai Kara

rrjv Nivov, rereiyiaOai Be ^vfjLjjL.erpws, toenrep atf

E\\a8e9, ftaaiXeLa Be eivai dvBpbs rrjv Ucopovrore apyr)V apyovros, vecov Be irpb rod reiyow;IBelv cpaaiv ov rrapd iroXv rcov e/caro/juTroBcDV XiOov

KoyyyXidrov, /cal KarecFKevdcrOai ri lepbv ev avrco

f/rrov fiev r) Kara rbv vecov roaovrbv re bvra Kal

rrepLKiova, dav/judcrai Be a%iov ycCXKol yap rrivaKes

eyKeKpbrr\vrai roiyco eKaarco, yeypafipuevoi rd

Uaypov re Kal *A\et;avBpov epya' yeypdcparaiBe bpeiydXKcp Kal dpyvpep Kal ypvaco Kal yaXKcp

pueXavL eXecbavres Irrrroi errparcarat, Kpdvr) dcnriBes,

Xbyyai Be Kal /3eXr) Kalîcprj aiBrjpov rrdvra, Kal

coenrep X0709 evBoKbfiov ypacprjs, olov el Zevj;iBo$

eirj ri rj YioXvyvcorov re Kal JLvcppdvopos, 01 rb

evGKiov rjcnrdcravro Kal rb epnrvovv Kal rb ecreyov

re Kal eêyov, ovrco^, cpacri, kukci Biacpaiverai, Kal

^vvrerrjKaatv at vXai Kaddrrep ypcofiara. r)Bv Be

Kal avrb rb rjOo^ rrj? ypacpr/s- dvaOels yap ravra

/nerd rrjv rod MaKeBovos reXevrrjv 6 Hcopos vikcl

ev avrol? 6 M.aKeBcov Kal rbv Ucopov dvaKrdrai

168


people consists of native linen, with shoes of byblus chap.and a hat when it rains

; but that the upper classes xx

there are apparelled in byssus ;and that the byssus

grows upon a tree of which the stem resembles that

of the white poplar, and the leaves those of thewillow. And Apollonius says that he was delighted Byssus

with the byssus, because it resembled his sable Egyp?^t0

philosopher's cloak. And the byssus is imported into

Egypt from India for many sacred uses. Taxila, theytell us, is about as big as Nineveh, and was fortified Greek

fairly well after the manner of Greek cities ; and here Tempie^twas the royal residence of the personage who then Taxiia

ruled the empire of Porus. And they saw a Temple,they say, in front of the wall, which was not far

short of 100 feet in size, made of porphyry, andthere was constructed within it a shrine, somewhatsmall as compared with the great size of the Templewhich is also surrounded with columns, and deservingof notice. For bronze tablets were nailed into eachof its walls on which were engraved the exploits of

Porus and Alexander. But the pattern was wroughtwith orichalcus and silver and gold and black bronze,and you saw elephants, horses, soldiers, helmets,

shields, and spears, and javelins and swords, all madeof iron

; and, if we are to believe report, in a re-

spectable style of art resembling that of Zeuxis or

Polygnotus and Euphranor, who delighted in lightand shade and infused life into their designs, as

well as a sense of depth and relief. And the metals

were blended in the design, melted in like so manycolours

;and the character of the picture was also

pleasing in itself, for Porus dedicated these designsafter the death of the Macedonian, who is depictedin them in the hour of victory, reinstating Porus who

169

cap. TeTpcofievov /cat Scopelrai ttjv 'IvBikt)v eavrov Xoittov

ovaav. Xeyercu Be teal 7rev0r)aaL rov 'AXejâvBpov(iTToOavovra 6 Ylwpos, 6Xo$vpao~Qal re go? yevvalovzeal xprjarbv fBaatXea, fowTO? Te "AXe^dvBpov fxera

tt)v etc t^9 'IvSifcrfs dva^coprjaiv pufjTe elirelv tl go?

j3ao~i\ev<; Ka'noi \;vyyu>povvTQ<$, fiTjTe irpoardâLrot? 'Izôt?, aXX' oocTTrep aaTpdirris aco^poavvrj^

liecrrbs elvai /ecu irpaTTeiv e? X^P0V TVV ^K€^vov

irdvTa.

XXI

cap. Ov %vyxwP€"L P101 ° ^070? irapeXQelv a irepl rov

Hcopov tovtov dvaypd(f)ovaL' 777)0? Bta^daet. yaprov Ma/eeSoVo? 6W0? real ^vpbftovXevovTcov avrSevicov tovs virep rov 'Tcjiaalv re /cal rov Tdyyrjv

irorapbbv TrocelaOat ^vfipbdôvs, ov yap av 7700?

ttjv 'Ii>Bi/cr)v iraaav ^vpu^povovaav TrapardêaOalTTOT6 aVTOV,

"€1 TOLOVTOV 6CTTI, flOl" €(j)r},

" TO V7T7J-

tcoov, &)? pur) acaêaOai avev %vpupbd^cdv', ifiol /3eX-

tlov to fir) apyeivT dirayyeiXavTOS Be avr&

tivos, ore Aapelov rjprjfce,"ftaaiXea" e(f>7], "avopa

Be ov" rov Be eXecpavra, e<p' ov pudêaOat epueXXe,

fcoo-pbrjaai'Tos rov opeco/copov ica\ etVoWo? "ovtos

ce, ft) paacXev, oiaei, eyoy puev ovv, ecprj,"tovtov, r)v ye dvr)p epuavTW b'poios yevcopuai."

yvcofjLrjv Be TToiovpbkvwv Qvaai avTOv tm iroTafKp,

go? fir) BeâiTO ra? Ma/ceBovcov aêBias, firjBe

€V7ropo<i tgo 'AA-efdvBpw yevoiTO,"

ov/c eaTiv"ecfrrj,

"Tcov oirXa €%6vtcdv to KaTapacrOaL." fieTa Be ttjv

170


is wounded, and presenting him with India which was chap.

now his gift. And it is said that Porus was grievedxx

at the death of Alexander, and that he lamented andKing1

'

him as a generous and good prince ; and as long as Porus

Alexander was alive after his departure from India,he never used the royal diction and style, althoughhe had license to do so, nor issued kingly edicts to

the Indians, but figured himself as a satrap full of

moderation, and guided in every action by the wish

to please Alexander.

XXI

My argument does not allow me to pass over chapthe accounts written of this Porus. For when the XXI

Macedonian was about to cross the river, andsome of Porus' advisers wished him to make an

.alliance with the kings on the other side of

the Hyphasis and of the Ganges, urging that the

invader would never face a general coalition againsthim of the whole of India, he replied :

" If the

temper of my subjects is such that I cannot save

myself without allies, then for me it is better not to be

king." And when some one announced to him that

Alexander had captured Darius, he remarked, "a kingbut not a man." And when the mule-driver had

caparisoned the elephant on which he meant to fight,and said :

" He, oh king, will carry you," he replied :

"Nay, I shall carry him, if I prove myself the same

man I used to be." And when they counselled him to

sacrifice to the river, and induce it to reject the rafts

of the Macedonians, and make itself impassable to

Alexander, he said :" It ill befits those who have

arms to resort to imprecation." And after the

171

cap. fjbdyijv, ore teal tw*

AXe^dvBpw Oelbs re teal virepXXI \ | / \ J* A / Vf «- 5 / «

tt)^ (pvaiv tt]V avupcotretav eooêv, enrovTos rcov

£vyyevoov rivos ,

"el Be irpoaeievvqaras Bta/3dvra,

w Yl&pe, ovr av r)TTrj07)<i fia%6/jLevo<; ovr av

roaovTOL 'IvBwv dirdiXovTO, ovr av avrbs ere-

rpaxro""eyco rov 'AXeifavBpov" elire,

"(piXort-

fjborarov dteovcov ^vvrjtea, ore Trpoatewtja-avra fiev

BovXov fie rjyrjaeTCLL, iroXefiâavra Be /3ao-iXea,

teal Oavfiaêadat fidXXov rf^Lovv t) eXeelaOai, teal

ovte e-yjreuaOr)v Trapaa^cov yap ifiavrov, olov'

AXe%avBpo<; elBe, irdvra ev rjfiepa, fiva ical dtrd)-

Xecra teal eteTrjo-dfirjv." tolovtov fiev rov 'IvBbv

tovtov efycTTopovcri, yeveadai Be tyaaiv avrbv

KaXXiarov '\vBwv teal fiTjteos, oaov ovttcd riva

dvOpdOTrmv tcov fierd robs Tpayitcovs dvBpas, elvai

BetcofjbiBf) veov, ore t&>

''

AXe^dvBpw iiroXefiei.

XXII

cap. *Ov Be Bierpifiev ev too lepw yjpbvov, iroXvs Be

ovros eyevero, ear av dyyeXOfj tw ftaaiXel %evov<;

rjKeiv,"

ft) Ad/ui," ecf>r]6 'AttoXXcovlos,

" eari ti

ypacf>LK?];" "el ye," elire," teal dXrjOeia""Trpdrrec

Be tl7) re'xyr] avrr)" "rd ^peofxara" e(j)7j,

"gvytee-

pdvvvo-Lv, birbaa earl, to, tevava rots fiaT-paye'iois

teal rd Xevtea roi? fieXaav teal tcl irvpad tois

(Depots. ravTi be, rj o 09, virep twos fic-

yvvatv; ov yap virep fibvov rov avdovs, cbairep al

Krjpivat""virep fiifirjaeeDs" eefyrj,

"teal rod tevva

re etjeitedaaL teal lititov teal avOpwirov teal vavv teal

172


battle, in which his conduct struck Alexander as chap.

divine and superhuman, when one of his relationsXXI

said to him :

" If you had only paid homage to himafter he had crossed, O Porus, you would not

yourself have been defeated in battle, nor would so

many Indians have lost their lives, nor would youyourself have been wounded," he said :

"I knew from

report that Alexander was so fond of glory that, if I

did homage to him, he would regard me as a slave,but if I fought him, as a king. And I much

preferred his admiration to his pity, nor was I wrongin my calculation. For by shewing myself to be sucha man as Alexander found me, I both lost and won

everything in one day." Such is the character whichhistorians give of this Indian, and they say that he wasthe handsomest of his race, and in stature taller than

any man since the Trojan heroes, but that he was

quite young, when he went to war with Alexander.

XXII

While he was waiting in the Temple,—and it took chap.

a long time for the king to be informed thatxxn

strangers had arrived,—Apollonius said :

" O Damis, discusses18

is there such a thing as painting ?" " Why, yes," P"™**^ .©

1 U 4.1• wlth Damis

he answered, "it there be any such thing as

truth." "And what does this art do?" "Itmixes together," replied Damis, "all the colours

there are, blue with green, and white with

black, and red with yellow." "And for what

reason," said the other, "does it mix these? Forit isn't merely to get a colour, like dyed wax.""

It is," said Damis, "for the sake of imitation, and

173

FLAVIUS PHILOSTltATUS

CAP. oiroaa opa 6 rjXios' rjBrj Be teal rbv tfXiov avroV

eêitedêo rore puev errl rerrdpeov Zttitwv, olos

evravOa Xeyerau (palveaOac, rore 6° av teal Biarrvp-

crevovra rov ovpavov, eireiBdv aWepa vrroypdtyr)

teal 6eo)v oiteov.""

fiipirjaL^ ovv r) ypacptKij, co

Ad/jut;""

tl Be dXXo;" elirev,"

el yap fxr) rovro

irpdrroi, yeXoia Sofjei ^pcopuara irocovaa evijOcos"" rd B' ev ra> ovpavep" ecprj,

"ftXeTrbfieva, etrecBav

at veepeXai Btaarraadeoacv air dXXtfXcov, rovs

teevravpovs teal rpayeXdepovs teat, vr) AC, ol Xvteot

re teal ol Tttttoi, ri tprjaeis; dp ov /jLip,r)ri/er)<; elvai

epya;""

eoi/eev," eej)r).

"£a>ypdefros ovv 6 6eos, co

Adfu, teal tearaXt7roDV to Trrr/vbv dp/ma, e</>'ov rro~

peverai Bcateoa/ncov rd 6eld re teal dvdpdnreia, teddr)-

rat rore dOvpcov re teal ypdejxov ravra, coarrep ol

TralBes ev rfj ^d/jLfiqy ;" r)pv6ptao-ev 6 Ad/jus e? ovtcq?

droirov eteireaelv Botjavros rod Xoyov. ov% vrrepi-

Boov ovv avrbv 6'

AttoXXoovio*;, ovBe yap 7ritepb<?

7T/50? ra<; eXeyêi<; rjv, "dXXa fir) rovro" efprj, "ffovXei

Xeyeiv, w Adpa, rb ravra puev darjfid re teal go? ervê

Bid rod ovpavov (pepeaOac roye errl rep 6e&, rjfid?

Be (pvcrei, to fjiLfjLTjritebv eôvras dvap'pvd/juiêiv re

avrd teal rroielv ;

" "fiaXXov," €(f>r),

" rovro i)yd)-

fieOa, co ! ArroXXcovie, mOavcorepov yap teal rroXXw

fteXriov.""Bcrrr) apa r) fit/jbrjr Lterj, co Adp,i, teal

174


to get a likeness of a dog, or a horse, or a man, or a chap.

ship, or of anything else under the sun;and what is

xxn

more, you see the sun himself represented, sometimesborne upon a four horse car, as he is said to be seen

here, and sometimes again traversing the heavenwith his torch, in case you are depicting the ether

and the home of the gods." "Then, O Damis,

painting is imitation ?" " And what else could it

be ?"

said he :

" for if it did not effect that, it wouldbe voted to be an idle playing with colours." "And,"said the other, "the things which are seen in

heaven, whenever the clouds are torn away from one

another, I mean the centaurs and stag-antelopes, yes,and the wolves too, and the horses, what have you

got to say about them ? Are we not to regardthem as works of imitation ?

""It would seem so,"

he replied. "Then, Damis, God is a painter, andhas left his winged chariot, upon which lie travels, as

he disposes of affairs human and divine, and he sits

down on these occasions to amuse himself bydrawing these pictures, as children make figures in

the sand." Damis blushed, for he felt that his

argument was reduced to such an absurdity. But

Apollonius, on his side, had no wish to humiliate him,for he was not unfeeling in his refutations of people,and said :

" But I am sure, Damis, you did not meanthat

;rather that these figures flit through the heaven

not only without meaning, but, so far as providenceis concerned, by mere chance

;while we who by

nature are prone to imitation rearrange and create

them in these regular figures." "We may," he

said," rather consider this to be the case, O Apollo-

nius, for it is more probable, and a much sounder

idea." "Then, O Damis, the mimetic art is

175

cap. Tr)p fxev r)y(*)fjL€0a oiav rfj Xeipl dirop,ipeeler6ai /cal

Tft) vq), ypacpucrfv be eivai ravrrjv, rrjv b av puovw

to) vS> el/cd£eiv."" ov bLTT^v^ ecf)7]

6 Aayiw?," dWa rrjv fiev reXecorepav rjyetaOat irpocrr]Kei

ypa<f)i/cr)v ye ovaav, r) Svvarai /cal to3 vu> /cal rfj

XeLP^ ifei/cdaai, rrjv be erepav e/ceLvrjs pubpiov,

eireihi) %vvii)Gi p,ev /cal pbipbelrai tw va> /cal pur)

ypafyiicos tj? tov, rfj X€LPL ^€ °^K av €<> T0 ypd$eivavra xpr)(jano."

"apa" e<f>r),

uo> Ad/ju, irenrr}-

putpAvos rr)v yeipa biro irXrjyr)^ nvo<z rj voaov ;

"

"p,a At, elirev,

" dXX virb rov purjre ypatyihos

twos r)<p0ai, putjre bpydvov twos rj xpcopsiTos, dXX*

dpuaOws exeiv rod ypdepew.""ov/covv," ecj)7j,

"a)

Aa/M, d/jL(f)(o opboXoyovpuev papbrjTi/cr)v p,ev ere cpvaecos

tois dvOpdnrois rj/ceiv, rrjv ypa$i/cr)v be e/c Texvrjs.

tovtI 8* av /cal irepl rrjv 7rXaari/cr)v (pawoiro. rrjv

be Srj £coypa(j)iav avrrjv ov p,oi Bo/cets fiovov rrjv

Std rwv XPcofJL< Ta}V fjyeloScu, /cal yap ev XP<*)/JLa

69 avrrjv rjp/ceae tgh? ye dpxcuorepois rwv ypa<pe(ov

/cal irpolovaa Terrdpcov elra irXeibvwv rjyjraro,

dXXa /cal ypapLpur/v /cal rb dvev XP&pharos, ° &VaKid? re ^vy/ceLrai /cal (pcoros, ^coypacptav irpoo'-

rjiceL /caXelv /cal yap ev avrots 6p,otorr]s re opdraielbos T€ /cal vovs ical albcos /cal Opaavrrjs, /calroi

Xypevei %/9&)yu,aT&)i> ravra, /cal ovre alpua ivo~r)p,aL-

vei ovre /cop,r)<; twos rj V7njvr)s avOos, dXXa

pbovoTpoTTOds ^vviiOefieva ra> re %av0q> dvOpdnrw

176


twofold, and we may regard the one kind as an chap.

employment of the hands and mind in producing imi- xxrI

tations,and declare that this is painting, whereas theother kind consists in making likenesses with the mindalone." " Not twofold/' replied Damis, "for we oughtto regard the former as the more perfect and morecomplete kind being anyhow painting, and a facultyof making likenesses with the help both of mind andhand

; but we must regard the other kind as a depart-ment of that, since its possessor perceives and imi-

tates with the mind, without having the delineative

faculty, and would never use his hand in depictingits objects." "Then," said Apollonius,

"you mean,

Damis, that the hand is disabled by a blow or bydisease?" "

No," he answered, "but it is disabled,because it has never handled pencil nor anyinstrument or colour, and has never learned to

draw." "Then," said the other, "we are both of

us, Damis, agreed that man owes his mimetic facultyto nature, but his power of painting to art. Andthe same would appear to be true of plastic art. But,

methinks, you would not confine painting itself

to the mere use of colours, for a single colour wasoften found sufficient for this purpose by our older

painters ;and as the art advanced, it employed four,

and later, yet more;but we must also concede the

name of a painting to an outline drawn without anycolour at all, and composed merely of shadow and

light. For in such designs we see a resemblance, wesee form and expression, and modesty and bravery,

although they are altogether devoid of colour ;and

neither blood is represented, nor the colour of a

man's hair or beard;nevertheless these compositions

in monochrome are likenesses of people either tawny

177

VOL. I. N

cap. eoLKe zeal to) Xevica), icav tovtcov tivcl twv 'Iv&covXXII t

Xevfcf) rf) ypafififj ypd-^rcofiev, fieXas hrjTrov &6j;€i,

to yap viroaifiov t?}? pivb<; teal oi bpOol ftbcTpvyoi/ecu r) irepiTTT) yevv<; koX

r) 7repl tols 6<$>6aXfiol<$

olov e/c7r\r)%i<; fieXalvei ra opoofieva ical 'lvSbv

v7roypd(f>eL to£? ye firj avor)TOd<; opcbaiv. oOev

ecTTOL/jb av /cal tovs opwvras tcl tt)? ypa<$iicr}<; epya

fjLi/jL7)Ti/cr]<; helcrdcu' ov yap av irraiveo'eLe Tt? tov

_ yeypafifievov Xttttov r) ravpov fir) to ^&ov ivdvfirj-

Oels g5 etKaaraL, ov$ civ rbv hUavrd Ti$ tov

Tifiofid%ov ayaaOeirj, 09 Brj dvaykypainai avra>

fiefir)vco<;, el fir) dvaXdfioi ti e'9 rbv vovv Atavros

eiBcoXov /cal &>9 et/co? avrbv direicTOvoTa ra iv rf)

Tpoia fiovKokia Ka6r)a6ai direiprjtcora, ftovXrjv

iroLovfievov teal eavrbv icrelvai. ravrl 8e, o) Adfii,

ra rod TLcopov BaiSaXa fitjre xaX/cevTifcr}? fibvov

dirocfraivGOfieOa, yeypafifievoi? yap e'ifcao~rai, fiijre

ypacf)L/crj(i, €7rei8r) i^aX/cevOr), aXX' r)yd)fie0a crocpi-

aaaOai avra ypacfrc/cov re /cal %aX/cevTiK:bv eva

avSpa, olov Sfj ti Trap 'Ofirjpcp to tov*

HcpaicrTOV

irepi Tryv tov A%iXXea)s dcnrlSa dva<fiaiveTai.

fiecTa yap /cal TavTa oXXvvtcov Te teal bXXvfie-

vcov, teal Trjv yrjv yfiaTcoarOai (prjaei? %a\ief)Vovcrav.

178


or white, and even if we drew one of these Indians chapwith a white pencil, yet he would seem black, for xxn

there would be his flat nose, and his stiff curlinglocks and prominent jaw, and a certain gleam abouthis eyes, to give a black look to the picture and

depict an Indian to the eyes of all those who have

intelligence. And for this reason I should say that

those who look at works of painting and drawingrequire a mimetic faculty ;

for no one could

appreciate or admire a picture of a horse or of a bull,unless he had formed an idea of the creature

represented Nor again could one admire a pictureof Ajax, by the painter Timomachus, which representshim in a state of madness, unless one had conceived in

one's mind first an idea or notion of Ajax, and hadentertained the probability that after killing theflocks in Troy he would sit down • exhausted andmeditate suicide. But these elaborate works of

Porus we cannot, Damis, regard as works of brass

founding alone, for they resemble regular pictures,nor as works of painting alone, for they are cast in

brass;so let us regard them as the chefs d' ceuvre

of a man who is both painter and brass-founderat once, and as similar to the work of Hephaestusupon the shield of Achilles, as revealed in Homer.For there are crowded together in that work toomen slaying and slain, and you would say that

the earth was stained with gore, though it is madeof brass."

179

XXIII

CAP. ToiCLVTCt CTTTOvBdÔVTL T(p avSpl €(f)L(TTaVTaiXXIII\ r\ s~t /)/ \ / t

irapa tov /3aaiXea)<; ayyeXoi /ecu eppLrjvevs, a>9

ttoioZto avrov 6 ftaatXevs %evov e? rpels fj/jbepas,

fir) yap irXeiovwv vevopuiaQcu toi>9 feVoi>9 evopuXelv

rfj iroXei, /cal rjyovvro avTto e? to- ftacriXeia. r)

ttoXis 8' C09 fJLev €%a, tov Teiypv9, eiprj/ca, cpaal &a>9 ardfCTco<; re /cal 'Attl/ccos tovs GTevcoirovs

t€t/jL7)tcu /career/cevao-rai re ol/ciais, el fiev e^coOev

opeprj T£9 avT&s, eva eôvcrais opo<f>ov, el 6° ecrco

irapeXOoi ti$, v7royeioi<; rjBr) /cal irapeypêvai^ cora

to?9 dvco ra xjito rfj yfj.

XXIV

xxTv êpov Be IBeiv 'HXlov cpacrlv, & avelro Alas

iXecfras, /cal aydX/jLara ÂXe^dvBpov y^pverd /cat

TIdopov erepa, %aX/cov S' r)v ravra pueXavos. ol Be

rov lepov Tolypi, irvpaaZs Xidots hiracJTpdirTei

%pvao<; avyirv e/cBiBovs eoiKvZav d/crivi. to Be

e'809 avrb puapyapitl8o<$ ^vy/ceiTai ^vjjlôXlkov

Tpoirov, cp fidpftapoi irdvTes 69 tcl lepd %pc7)VTai.

180


XXIII

While the sage was engaged in this conversation, chap.

messengers and an interpreter presented themselves xxmfrom the king, to say that the king would make him

f

e

hou8es°n

his guest for three days,1 because the laws did not in Taxiia

allow of strangers residing in the city for a longertime ;

and accordingly they conducted him into the

palace. I have already described the way in whichthe city is walled, but they say that it was divided upinto narrow streets in the same irregular manner as

is Athens, and that the houses were built in such a

way that if you look at them from outside they had

only one storey, while if you went into one of them,

you at once found subterranean chambers extendingas far below the level of the earth as did the

chambers above.

XXIV

And they say that they saw a Temple of the Sun chap.

in which was kept a sacred elephant called Ajax, andXXIV

there were images of Alexander made of gold, and 2£phantPle

others of Porus, though the latter were of black AJax >and

bronze. But on the walls of the Temple there were Alexander

red stones, and gold glittered underneath, and gaveoff a sheen as bright as sunlight. But the statue was

compacted of pearls arranged in the symbolic manneraffected by all barbarians in their shrines.

1

Compare the proverb"Saepedies post tres vilescit piscis

et hospes," and cp. W. Robertson Smith, Religion of the

Semites, 1901, p. 270.

181

XXV

cap. Uepl 8e ra fiao-lXeia ovre oy/cov I8elv <f>aat,v

olfco8o/jLi)/jLdTC0V, ovre 8opv<f)6povs r) (j>v\a/ca<;, dXX'

ola irepl Ta? rcov Xap/rrpwv olfclas, oXiyovs olfceTas

Kal SiaXexOrjvat, t&> fiacriXei heofxevov? rpels,

oifiai, r) rerrapas' Kal rbv kogjulov tovtov dya-<jQr)vai fiaXXov r)

ra ev T$a/3vX(bvi (pXeyfialvovra,teal iroXXw irXeov eaco irapeXOovres' Kal yap tovs

avSpcova? /cal rd<; aroas Kal ttjv avXr/v iraaavKeKoXdaOai fyaatv.

XXVI

cap. "ESofeu ovv tg>'

A7roXX(ovi(p fyiXoaofyelv 6 'Iz^o?

Kal irapa(TT7]adfX€V0<; rbv epfiyvea,"%aip(o" elirev,

"&) /3a<TiXev, <f)iXoao(j)ovvTd ere opwv." "eyeb 8e virep-

Xaipco" €(f>7],

u€7rei8rj ovtco irepl epuov olu" "tovtI

8e vevofiiarai Trap vpZv" elirev, "rj av irpbs to eiri-

eifces tovto rrjv dp^rjv Karea-rfjcrco ;

" "Gwtypovws"

€(j)7),

"vevo/xiafjievw o-axppovearepov ^pcofiai, Kal

7rXelara puev e%Q) dvOpcaircov, Seo/xai, 8e oXiywv, rd

yap iroXXa twv (J)lXcov twv e/juavrov r)yov\xair"fiaKapie rod Orjaavpov," elirev,

"el xpvvov re

Kal dpyvpov dvrepvrj rovs <f)iXov$, ef &>v dva-

(j)verai aoi iroXXd re Kal dyaOd."

" Kal/jltjv Kal

rot? e%#/)ot?," e<f>r},

"KOLvcavoi rov ttXovtov. toi)?

yap del irore 8ia<popov<; rfj %<J*pa ravry fiapftdpovs182


- XXV

And in the palace they say that they saw no chap.

magnificent chambers, nor any bodyguards or

sentinels, but, as is the case in the houses of the ofThe101 y

upper class, a few servants;and only three or four of l"

di*nrf

them, who required to converse with the king. Andthey say that they admired this arrangement morethan they did the pompous splendour of Babylon, andtheir esteem was enhanced when they went within.

For the men's chambers and the porticoes and the

whole of the vestibule were in a very chaste style.

XXVI

So the Indian was regarded by Apollonius as a chap.

The king'sphilosopher, and addressing him through an inter-

preter, he said: "I am delighted, O king, to find ufeand*

you living like a philosopher." "And I," said the P°lic^

other," am over delighted that you should think of

me thus." "And," said Apollonius,

"is this customary

among you, or was it you yourself established your

government on so modest a scale ?" "Our customs,"

said the king," are dictated by moderation, and I am

still more moderate in my carrying them out;and

though I have more than other men, yet I want

little, for I regard most things as belonging to myown friends." " Blessed are you then in yourtreasure," said Apollonius," "if you rate your friends

more highly than gold and silver, for out of them

grows up for you a harvest of blessings.""Nay

more," said the king,"

I share my wealth also with

my enemies. For the barbarians who live on the

183

cap. irpoGoifcovvras Kal KaraBpopuals ^pwpLevovs e?XXVI >\f/r ~ v«/ \

rapua opia virorroiovpLai rovroiai tois ^prjâcn, K,ai

Bopvcbopelral puoi vrr avrwv 7] yu>pa, Kal ovre

avrot eirl Tafia (poirwai rov<; re opuopovs avrols

ftapjBapovs dvelpyovai, %aXe7rot'9 6Wa9." epopAvovBe avrov rod 'AttoWcovlov, el /cal Tlcopos avrols

ereXei ^prjpiara,"

IIa)/309," elire,"iroXepbov r}pa,

eyob Be elprjvr)?" rrdvv rols \6yois tovtols

ex<£i>povTO tov 'AttoWoovlov, teal outcos avrov

rjTTrjOr], ft>9 JLvcppdry irore eiriifKiqrrwv p,r\ <j)i\oao-

(fiovvri,"

rjpbec^ Be dWa tov 'IvBbv Qpaoorrjv alBco-

pueOa," (j>dvai, ovopua yap tw 'IvBq> rovro rjv.

aarpdirov Be, €7reiBi] pbeydXcov irap avrov rj^LGodrj,

/3ov\i]8evTO<; avrov dvaBijaai, pbLrpa yjpvar} /ce/co-

o-fjLr)p,evr]\i@oi<; ttolkiXols,"eyco," ecj>r],

"el real rcov

^rfkovvTGdV rd roiavra tjv, Traprjrâdpb^v dv avrdvvv /cal drreppc^ra rrjs /cecfeaXrj^

'

AnroWoDviw

evrv^cov, oh Be purjirw nrpbrepov dvaBelaOai r}%lwaa,7TW9 dv vvv KOo-pLOip,r)v tov puev £evov dyvorjaas,

epuavrov he e/c\a66p.evo<; ;

"r)pero avrov Kal irepl

Biairr)<; 6 'AttoWwvlos, 6 Be," olvov puev," e<f>r),

"ttlvo) roaovrov, ocrov tw 'HAieo b-irevBco, d 6" dv

ev Orjpa \d/3co, ravra airovvrai erepoi, ep,ol B'

dirby^pr] to yeyvpLvdcrdai. rd Be epbd atria \dyavaKal (poivLfccov ey/ce(pa\oi /cal 6 Kapirbs rodv (poiviK&v/cal oiroaa 6 rrorapLos /crjirevei. 7roWa Be p,oi Kal

dirb BevBpcov (pverat, cov yecopyol aiBe at êlpe^Travra d/covcov 6

'

AttoWcovios vireprjBero re Kal 69

rbv Adpuiv Oapud ecopa.

184


border of this country were perpetually quarrelling chap.

with us and making raids into my territories, but I XXVI

keep them quiet and control them with money, so

that my country is patrolled by them, and instead of

their invading my dominions, they themselves keepoff the barbarians that are on the other side of the

frontier, and are difficult people to deal with." Andwhen Apollonius asked him, whether Porus also had

paid them subsidy, he replied :u Porus was as fond of

war as I am of peace." By expressing such sentiments

he quite disarmed Apollonius, who was so captivated

by him, that once, when he was rebuking Euphratesfor his want of philosophic self-respect, he remarked :

"Nay, let us rather reverence Phraotes the Indian,"

for this was the name of the Indian. And when a

satrap, for the great esteem in which he held the

monarch, desired to bind on his brow a golden mitre

adorned with various stones, he said :

' 'Even if I werean admirer of such things, I should decline them now,and cast them off my head, because I have met with

Apollonius. And how can I now adorn myself with

ornaments which I never before deigned to bind uponmy head, without ignoring my guest and forgetting

myself?"

Apollonius also asked him about his diet,

and he replied : "I drink just as much wine as I pourout in libation to the Sun ;

and whatever I take in the

chase I give to others to eat, for I am satisfied with

the exercise I get. But my own meal consists ot

vegetables and of the pith and fruit of date palms,and of all that a well-watered garden yields in the

way of fruit. And a great deal of fruit is yieldedto me by the trees which I cultivate with these

hands." When Apollonius heard this, he was morethan gratified, and kept glancing at Damis.

185

XXVII

xxvii

i^7reL &* Ifcavws ht,eXex^Vaav irepl rrjs ohov ttjs

irapa tovs B/m%/xaz>a9, tov pbev irapa tov Ba/3fXa)-

viov rjye/Jiova e/ceXevcre êviêiv, oyairep eloodei tov<;

etc Ba/3fXwvos rjicovTas, tov he irapa tov (jaipairov

difievav \a/36vra ecpohia, clvtos he Xa/3o/xezô? t?}?

tov'

AttoXXgovlov 'xetpos, /cal /ceXevcras direXOelv

tov epfJLTjvea,"ap av"

€<f>rj t

"iroitjaaio pue avpu-

ttottjv ;

"rjpeTO S' avTov (jxovfj

'EXXaSi. e/crrXa-

yevTOS he tov'

AiroXXwviov /cat,," tov X^Plv °^k e£

ap%f}$ ovtco hieXeyov ;

"fyrjcravTOS,

"e'Setcra," ecprj,

"$pacrv<; hoâi purj yiyvcocr/ccov epuavTov, pbrjh^ otl

'

fidpftapov elvai [xe ho/cel Tjj TV%r), gov he rjTTrjOeis,

eTrethr) /cal o~e opoo ifiol yaipovTa, ovk rjhvvijdrjv

e/jiavTov KpvirTeiv, &>9 he p,eo~T6<; elpui ttj<; 'EXXtfvoov

(fxovrjs, ev ttoXXol<; £?/Xa>cra>.""

tl ovv" elirev,

" ovk «uto9 eirrjyyeCXas epuol to avpuiroaiov, aXX'

e/jue croi /ceXeveis eirayyeXXeiv ;

" " otl ore," e(f)T],

"/3eXTL(o ifiavTOv rjyovpiai, to yap ftaaiXiKcoTepov

ao(f>la eyei." /cal apua rjyev avTov tc /cal tou? dp,(f>

avTov, ovirep elcodet, XovaOai. to he /3aXavelov

irapdheicros rjv crTahiov pbrjtcos, <p pLearj KoXvpufirjOpa

evcopcopvKTO Trrjyas i/cheô/Awr) ttotljjlov Te ical

TJrv%pov vhaTOS, to. hee'<£' exaTepa hpopuot, r/crav, ev

oU clkovtlw Te teal hivfcco tov 'FiXXrjvitcbv Tpoirov

186


XXVII

And when they had conversed a good deal about chap.which road to take to the Brahmans, the king

xxvn

ordered the guide from Babylon to be well enter- brahmans

tained, as it was customary so to treat those whocame from Babylon ; and the guide from the satrap,to be dismissed after being given provisions for the

road. Then he took Apollonius by the hand, and

having bidden the interpreter to depart, he said :

" You will then, I hope, choose me for your boon

companion." And he asked the question of him in

the Greek tongue. But Apollonius was surprised, Apollonius

and remarked :" Why did you not converse with me S}th fim*

thus, from the beginning?" "\ was afraid," said

the king, "of seeming presumptuous, for I do not

know myself, not to mention the fact that I am a

barbarian by decree of fate; but you have won

my affection, and as soon as I saw that you take

pleasure in my society, I was unable to keep myselfconcealed. But that I am quite competent in the

Greek speech I will show you amply." "Why then,"said Apollonius,

" did you not invite me to the

banquet, instead of begging me to invite you ?"

*Because," he replied,

" I regard you as my superior,for wisdom has more of the kingly quality about it."

And with that he led him and his companions to The king's

where he was accustomed to bathe. And the bat

bathing-place was a garden, a stade in length, in the

middle of which was dug out a pool, which was fed

by fountains of water, cold and drinkable ;and on

each side there were exercising places, in which he

was accustomed to practise himself after the manner

187

cap. kavrov i^rja/cei, /cal yap to crco/m eppcoro viro re

rjXi/clas—errrd yap /cal ec/coaiv err) yeyovcos fjv

—viro re rod &Be yvpuvaêadai. iirel Be l/cavws

eypi iirrjBa is to vBcop ical iyvpuvaêv eavrbv too

velv. go? Be iXoixravro, i/3dBtôv is to avaatriov

iareâvoyfjiivoi, rovrl Be vevopuo-ia^lvBols, iireiBdv

is TOV /3a(Tl\i(0S 7TLV(i)(TlV.

XXVIII

cap.y

'A£tov Be /jL7]Be to o")(i)pia irapaXarelv rod irorov

o-acpcos ye avayeypapupbivov viro rod AdpaBos' evco-

yeiiai puev yap iirl ariftdhos 6 ftaaiXevs /cal t&v

%vyyevcov p*eXPl 7r^VT€ 0L fyyvSt ol $e Xonrol

irdvres iv Qd/cois awaitova i. rpdireâ Si, wairep

j3(opbhs v^ros is ybvv dvBpbs i%(p/coB6pL7)Tai fiear},

kvkXov iireypvo a %opov ^vpbfteftXrjpAvov dvBpwv

rpidfcovra, e<£' rjs Bd<pvai re Biaaipcovvvvrai teal

X\C0V6S €T€pOL TTapairX^GlOl pL€V if) /JLVppLVTJ,

cfrepovres Be 'lvBols puvpov. iviavOa Bid/ceiviai

lÔvs piev /cal opvides, Bcd/ceivrat Be Xeovres re 0X01

/cal Bop/cdBes KaX aves fcal rtypecov halves, rd yapXoiird rod Orjpuov irapairovvrat, iadUcv, iireiBrj to

%<pov tovto, (pacriv, orav irpwiov yevrjrai, tovs

ipunrpocrOiovs rcov iroBoiv dviaôvTi alpeiv twr

H\t(p. /cal dviardfjievos 6 Bairvpuoov (poira irpbs

tt)v rpdire&v, /cal rd puev aveXopuevos tovtcov, rd Be

188

.


the Greeks with javelin and quoit-throwing ;for chap.

physically he was very robust, both because he was xxvn

still young, for he was only seven-and-twenty yearsold, and because he trained himself in this way. Andwhen he had had enough exercise, he would jumpinto the water and exercised himself in swimming.But when they had taken their bath, they proceededinto the banqueting chamber with wreaths upon their

heads ; for this is the custom of the Indians, when-ever they drink wine in the palace.

XXVIII

And I must on no account omit to describe the chap.

arrangement of the banquet, since this has been

clearly described and recorded by Damis. The king Banquet*

1

then banquets lying upon a mattress, and as many as

five of his nearest relations with him ; but all the rest

join in the feast sitting upon chairs. And the table

resembles an altar in that it is built up to the heightof a man's knee in the middle of the chamber, andallows room for thirty to dispose themselves around

it like a choir in a close circle. Upon it laurels are

strewn, and other branches which are similar to the

myrtle, but yield to the Indians their balm. Uponit are served up fish and birds, and there are also laid

upon it whole lions and gazelles and swine and the

loins of tigers ;for they decline to eat the other parts

of this animal, because they say that, as soon as it is

born, it lifts up its front paws to the rising Sun.

Next, the master of ceremonies rises and goes to the

table, and he selects some of the viands for himself,

and cuts off other portions, and then he goes

189

CAP.a7TOT€JJL(bv, CLTTeXOcOV 69 TOV kdVTOV 0CLKOV €/JL7TL7r\a-

rcu, OafJLiva eTTeadloov rov dprov. eireiBdv Be

ltcav&$ eycoaiv, ea^kpowai Kparrjpes apyvpol re

/cat xpvaol, Beica avfnTorais diroypSyv els, aft &v

irivovai Kvâvre^, cooirep iroriôpbevoL. fiera^v Be

TTivovres errecrdyovTai ayepwyias eiriicivBvvovs KaX

ovk efo) rod GirovBdêw irals yap ris, uxJirep 6

TOiv opyT)<T7pLB(£>v, dveppiirTelro KOv(j)G)<; avvacfyie-

jievov avT(p /3e\of? e? to avco, real eTreiBr) 7roXv cltto

t?}? yr}<; yevoiro, eKvîara 6 irals virepaipwveavrov rov fieXovs, ical dpuaprovn rov /cvftio-rav

eroipua r)v /3ef3Xr)o-0ar 6 yap roôrrjs irplv dfyievai

rreptrjei rov? %vpmbra$ einBeiicvvs rr)v diciBa teal

BiBovs eXeyyov rov fteXov<$.* kcu rb Bed afyevBovr)?

Be ro%€vo~cu teal rb e? rpiya levai, ical tov vlov rov

eavrov o-Kiaypa<prjaai /3eXeo~iv dvearcora rrpbs

aaviBa, GirovBat.ovo'iv ev to?? Trorois, teal tcaropOov-crtv avrd pbeOvovre^.

XXIX

xxfx Ol puev Brj irepl tov Adpuiv eêirXrirrovro avrd &>9

eva/co7ra,Kalrr)v ^vpL/xerpiav rr}<; ro£ela<; eOavfiaôv,

6 Be 'AwoXXcovlos, ^vveo-'irei yap tw (3acnXeZ 6fio-

BiaiTto ovn, rovrois puev tjttov rrpoaelye, rrpbs Be

rov fiaaiXea,a

elire puoi, &> ftao-iXev," ecfrr),

"rroOev

ovrcos eyeis <j)(ovf}<;

f

E\XaSo?, (f>iXoao(f)[a re r) rrepl

190


back to his own chair and eats his full, constantly chap.

munching bread with it. And when they have allXXVIIT

had enough, goblets of silver and gold are broughtin, each of which is enough for ten banqueters, andout of these they drink, stooping down like animalsthat are being watered. And while they are drink- Tumblers'

ing, they have brought in performers of various bTnquetthe

dangerous feats, requiring elaborate preparation. Fora boy, like a theatrical dancer, would throw a

light somersault, and at the same moment a javelinwas aimed at him, up in the air, and when he wasa long way from the ground, the boy would, by a

tumblers' leap, raise himself above the weapon, andif he missed his leap, he was sure to be hit. For the

archer, before he let fly, went round the banquetersand showed them the point of his weapon, and let

them try the missile themselves. And anotherman would take a sling and aiming within a hair's

breadth would shoot at his own son, and pick out his

figure with the missiles as he stood erect against a

hoarding. Such are their forms of entertainment in

their banquets, and they aim straight, even when theyare drunk.

XXIX

Well, the companions of Damis marvelled at the chap.

accuracy of their eye, and were surprised at the XX1X

exactness with which they aimed their weapons ; JxpouncU*but Apollonius, who was eating beside the king Indian

cheek by jowl, was less interested in these feats £ai trainingand said to the king: "Tell me, O King, howyou acquired such a command of the Greek tongue,

191

cap. ere iroOev ivravOa } ov yap e? 8iSao-/cdXov<; ye olficu

dvafyepeiv, eirel pbrjBe elvai rivas ev 'Iiôt? et/eo?

8i8ao-/cdXov<; tovtovT yeXdvas ovv^ 6 fiaaiXevs,"

ol fiev TTakcuoi"ecf)r),

"Ta? ipcoTijaeis twv fcara-

7r\e6vT(ov iiroiovvTO, el Xyo-rai elaiv, ovtco? avrb

/calroi yaKeirbv ov koivov r)yovvro, i/fieis Be puoi

Bo/ceire tovs einfyoiTwVTas vfjblv epoorav, fir) cj>lX6-

ao(f>oi elaiv, ovtw? avrb /cairoi Oeiorarov tcov /car

dvQpcoTrovs ov /cal rots eirnvypvaiv virdpêiv

oleaOe. /cal on puev Trap v/jllv ravrbv ra> XyaTev'eiv

iariv, olBa, ofMolo) fjuev yap aol dvBpl ov (paaiv

elvai ivrvêlv, tovs Be ttoXXovs, coairep a/cvXev-

aavras avrb erepcov TrepifteftXrjOal re dvap/juoa tq)<;,

koX aofielv dXXorplav eaOrjra eTriavpovra^' /cal vrj

Al, (aairep ol Xyaral rpvcftwaiv elBores ore vrrb ry

Bl/crj /celvrai, ovrco icdiceivovs (j>aal yaarpl re

BiBovai /cal d(f>poBiaioi<z /cal dp,ireypvr) Xerrry. rb

Be air/.ov vofioi vpulv, olfiai, elaiv, el puev to

vo/Ma/jia irapacpOeipoi tis, dirodvrja /ceiv avrov, /cal

nraiBiov el t£? 7rapeyypd<poi,r) ov/c olB* 6 ti eirl

TOVT<p, tov<z Be tt)v <piXoao(j)lav viroftaXXopLevovs

r) Trapa$6eipov7a<i ovSels, olpuai, vop,os irap vpXv

laêi, ovSe dpxn Tfc? eir avrovs rera/crai.

192


and whence you derived all your philosophical chapattainments in this place ? For I don't imagine that XXIX

you owe them to teachers, for it is not likely that

there are, in India, any who could teach it." The

jking then smiled and said :" Our ancestors used to

ask questions of mariners who sailed to their coast,

to see whether they were pirates, so widespread did

they consider that calling to be in spite of its

cruelty ; but so far as I can make out, you Greeks ask

your visitors whether they are not philosophers, so

convinced are you that everyone you meet with mustneeds possess this divinest of human attainments.

And that philosophy and piracy are one and the

same thing among you, I am well aware ; for they

say that a man like yourself is not to be found

anywhere ; but that most of your philosophersare like people who have despoiled another manof his garment and then have dressed themselves

up in it, although it does not lit them, and

proceed to strut about trailing another man's

garment. Nay, by Zeus, just as robbers live in

luxury, well knowing that they lie at the mercy of

justice, so are they, it is said, addicted to gluttonyand riotous living and to delicate apparel. And the

reason is this : you have laws, I believe, to the effect

that if a man is caught forging money, he must

die, and the same if anyone illegally enrolls a boyupon the register and all the rest of it, I knownot what ; but people who utter a counterfeit

philosophy or corrupt her are not, I believe, restrained

among you by any law, nor is any authority set to

suppress them.

193

VOL. I. Q

FLA VIUS PHILOSTRATUS

XXX

cap, Tiap rjfuv Be 6\lyoi pev rod (j)t\oao(f)€LV airTov-

tcli, hoKLiiaôvjcu Be coBe' xpr) T0V veov, eTreiBav

dfCTCDfcaiBe/ca err) yeyovcos tvXV> T0VTl' &> oIjjlcu,

koX Trap vfuv ecprjftov puerpov, virep rbv "Tâaiv

Trora/uLOV e\6elv irapa rov<; avBpas, 0&9 <rv coppLrj-

fcas, elwovra BrjpLocrla irporepov on cj)LXoao(j>rjaoi,,

lv r/ toU fioyXofievois eêipyeiv avrov, el/jltj

KaOapbs cJ)oltojt). KaOapbv Be Xeyco rrpoirov puev

to 69 rrarepa kclI purjrepa rj/cov, pur) rrepl avrovs

oveiBos ri avafyaivoiro, e2#' ol rovrcov yovels ical

rpirov yevos e? avco, pur) vftpiarrjq tj? rj aKparr)^ r)

Xprj/jLaTLaTr)*; aBiicos. orav Be purjBepLia ov\rj rrepl

tovtovs ava§aivr)rai, pirjBe ariy/xa o\gk purjBev,

avrov rjBr) Biopav rbv veov /ecu fiacravuêcv, rrpwrov

pAv, el pLvrjpbovifcos, elra, el Kara <pvaiv alBrjficov,

aXXapur) rfkarropbevos rovro, purj pLeOvari/cbs pur)

XiXyos pur) aXa^cbv pbr) (f)i\6ye\(o<; pur) Opacrvs pur)

(f)i\o\oiBopo<;, el rrarpbs vrrrjicoos el pbrjrpbs el

BiBaafcakwv el rraiBaycoycbv, eirl rraaiv, el p>r)

Kcucbs rrepl rr)v eavrov cbpav. rd p,ev Bt) roov

yetvapL&vwv avrov /cat ol e/ceivovs eyelvavro, etc

puaprvpcov dvaXeyovrai nal ypapLpbdrcov, a BrjpLoala

fceirai. eTreiBav yap reXevrrjar) 6 'IvBos, (f>oira

irrl Ovpas avrov pula dpyr) reraypuevrj vrrb rcov

vopLcov dvaypd(peiv avrov, &>? e/3i(o, /cal yjrevaa-

t 94


XXX

Now among us few engage in philosophy, and chap.

they are sifted and tried as follows : A youngxxx

man so soon as he reaches the age of eighteen,and this I think is accounted the time of full

age among you also, must pass across the river

Hyphasis to the men whom you are set upon visiting,after first making a public statement that he will

become a philosopher, so that those who wish to mayexclude him, if he does not approach the study in a

state of purity. And by pure I mean, firstly, in respectof his parentage, that no disgraceful deed can be

proved against either his father or his mother;next

that their parents in turn, up to the third generation,are equally pure, that there was no ruffian amongthem, no debauchee, nor any unjust usurer. Andwhen no scar or reproach can be proved against them,nor any other stain whatever, then it is time

narrowly to inspect the young man himself and test

him, to see firstly, whether he has a good memory,and secondly, whether he is modest and reserved

in disposition, and does not merely pretend to be

so, whether he is addicted to drink, or greedy,or a quack, or a buffoon, or rash, or abusive, to see

whether he is obedient to his father, to his mother,to his teachers, to his school-masters, and above all,

if he makes no bad use of his personal attractions.

The particulars then of his parents and of their

progenitors are gathered from witnesses and from

the public archives. For whenever an Indian dies,

there visits his house a particular authority charged

by the law to make a record of him, and of how he

195

cap. fievw 7) yfrevaOevrt tw ap%ovri eTriTipuwaLV ol v6p,oi

pr] apâtr avrbv ere dpyr)v pL7)Be/j,iav, w? irapa-

iroirjcravTa filov dvOpcoTrov, ra Be rwv e<f>r)/3cov e'9

avrovs opcovres dva/juavOdvovar iroXkd fiev yapofyOaXjAol rwv av6ptoTreiwv r)6wv epiirjvevovai,

iroWa 6" ev ofypvai /cal irapeials /celjai yvcojjba-

reveiv re /cal Oewpelv, a<f osv cro(j)Oi re /cal <f>v<ri/col

civBpes, toenrep ev /caroTTTpa) etBcoXa, rov? vod$

twv av0pd)7rcov BiaOewvrai. pbeydXwv yap Brj

a^Lov/jLevrjs (f>iXo(Jo<pia<; evjavda, real Tifirjv rovrov

Trap* 'IvBois eôvros, dvdy/ci] irdaa e/cftaGaviêaOal

re toi>9 iir avrr)v lovras eXeyyois re virofiefiXr)-

aBai fjLVpioi?. 009 p>ev Brj eirl BiBaa/caXois avrb

iroiovfieOa /cal e'9 Bo/cifiacriav rj/uulv to (friXoaofaiv

tf/cei, cra0co9 eiprjrca, rovfibv Be a>Se e%€i.

XXXI

cap. 'Ey&j fiev irdirirov /3aaiXeco(; iyevo/jLrjv, 09 rjv

fjLOi oficbvvfjLOS, 7rarpb<; Be IBiootov /caraXeupOels

yap /cofuBrj veos eirirpoiroi fjuev avra> iyevovro

Bvo rcov %vyyev5iv /card toi>9 rdv 'IvBwv vojjlovs,

eirpaTTOV Be virep avrov ra /3aaiXi/cd ov XPV~

0-TC09, fid rbv "YiXiov, ovBe ^vpufieTpcos, 06ev

fiapels TOt9 VTrrj/coois efyaivovio /cal y dp^rj

/ca/ews ij/cove. ^vardvres ovv eir avrovs rcov

Bvvarwv rives eiriTidevrai crcfuaiv ev eoprfj /cal

196


lived, and if this officer lies or allows himself to be chap.

deceived, he is condemned by the law and forbidden xxx

ever to hold another office, on the ground that he hascounterfeited a man's life. But the particulars ofthe youths themselves are duly learnt by inspectionof them. For in many cases a man's eyes reveal thesecrets of his character, and in many cases there is

material for forming a judgment and appraising his

value in his eyebrows and cheeks, for from thesefeatures the dispositions of people can be detected bywise and scientific men, as images are seen in a

looking-glass. For seeing that philosophy is highlyesteemed in this country, and it is held in honour bythe Indians, it is absolutely necessary that those whotake to it should be tested and subjected to athousand modes of proof. That then we proceedthus in the case of teachers, and put their philo-

sophical aptitude to a test, I have clearly explained ;

and now I will relate to you my own history.

XXXI

My grandfather was king, and had the same name chap.XXXI

as myself; but my father was a private person. Forhe was left quite young, and two of his relations his history

were appointed his guardians in accordance with theApoiionius

laws of the Indians. But they did not carry onthe king's government honestly on his behalf. No,

by the Sun, but so unfairly that their subjects foundtheir regime oppressive and the government fell into

bad repute. A conspiracy then was formed againstthem by some of the magnates, who attacked them

197

cap. KTeivovai ra> 'IvBq> dvovras, avroi re errecrrr'rjBrjo-av-

T€9 too apyew ^vveaôv ra tcoiva. beicravres ovv

ol fjvyyevels irepl rw warpi purjira) e/ctcaiBetca err)

yeyovori rrepLirovaiv avrov vrrep rbv^Tâaiv irapatop etcec fiacriXea. rrXeiovcov Be rj 670) dpyei teal

evBaiputov r) %co/?a ô,pa rroXv rr)<$ evravOa. fiovXo-

fxevov B* avrov rod ftaaiXeoos rralBa rroieladai,

tovtI /jlcv 7rapr)Ti]o~aTO (frrjeras fir) (piXoveitceiv rfj

rv^rj dcprjprjfievr) avrov rb apyew, eBer]6r) 6" avrov

^vyywpr)aal ol <$>Ckoao$r)aai fiaBlaavri rrapd

rov? cro(f)ov<;, ical yap av teal paov tcapreprjaai rd

oXtcoi tca/cd. ftovXofievov Be rov ftaaiXecos teal

/cardyeiv avrov 67rl rrjv rrarptpav dp^rjv,"

el

yvrjGLox;" e<f>7),

"cpiXoaotyovvra aiaOoio, tcdraye, el

Be paf), ea fie outgo? eyeivT avro? ovv 6 /3aatXev<;

TjK(ov rrapd rov<; ao<f>ov<; fieydXcov ave<f>r) irap

avrcov rvyelv, el rov rraiBbs emfieXrjBelev yevvaiov

rrjv (pvatv rjBr) 6W09, ol Be tcariBovres ri ev avrw

rrXeov rjarrdaavro rrpoaBovvai ol rrjs avrwv

o~o<f)ia<;, Kai rrpoOvficos eiraLBevov rrpoartceifievov

rrdvv rep fiavOdveiv. eftB6fi(p Be erei voawv 6

f3acrt\ev<;, ore Brj koX ereXevra, fierarrepmerai

avrov teal tcoivcovbv rrjs dp%r}<; drrofyaivei rQ> vl(p,

rrjv re Ovyarepa ofioXoyet 777)09 wpav ovaav, Be,

eireiBr) rov rov ftao-iXeco*; vlbv elBe tcoXatccov teal

otvov teal rwv roiovrcov tea/ccov r)rro) fiearov re

vtto^liov 7T/90? avrov," av fiev" e(f>7],

" ravr e%e

198


at a festival and slew them when they were sacri- chap,

firing to the river Indus. The conspirators thenXXXI

seized upon the reins of government and held the

State together. Now my father's kinsmen enter-

tained apprehensions for him, because he was not yetsixteen years of age, so they sent him across the Hy-phasis to the king there. And he has more subjectsthan I have, and his country is much more fertile thanthis one. This monarch wished to adopt him, but this

my father declined on the ground that he would not

struggle with fate that had robbed him of his

kingdom ;but he besought him to allow him to take

his way to the sages and become a philosopher, for

he said that this would make it easier for him to bear

the reverses of his house. The king however beinganxious to restore him to his father's kingdom, myfather said :

" Ifyou see that I am become a genuinephilosopher, then restore me

;but if not, let me

remain as I am." The king accordingly went in

person to the sages, and said that he would lie under

great obligation to them if they would take care of a

youth who already showed such nobility of character,and they, discerning in him something out of the

common run, were delighted to impart to him their

wisdom, and were glad to educate him when they sawhow addicted he was to learning. Now seven yearsafterwards the king fell sick, and at the very momentwhen he was dying, he sent for my father, and

appointed him co-heir in the government with his

own son, and promised his daughter in marriageto him as she was already of marriageable age. And

my father, since he saw that the king's son was the

victim of flatterers and of wine and of such like vices,

and was also full of suspicions of himself, said to

199

cap. koX t?}? dp%f}s airaar)s epicpopov, /ecu yap evrjOes

/jLT)8e rr)v irpoarjKOvcrav eavrw ftacnXeiav /crâaaOat

BvvrjOevra dpacrecos Borceiv eVl rrjv pur] irpocrrjKOvaav

rjiceiv, i/JLol Be rrjv dBeXcprjv BlBov, rovrl yap puovov

aTroxpV t101 TC0V o~<*>v" /cal Xaflcov tov ydpuov e^rj

ttXtjctlov tcov aocpcov ev fccbpuat,*; kina evBaipuocnv,

a? eireBcoice rfj dBeXcpy 6 ftacriXevs e? ^covrjv.

yiyvo\xai toivvv iyeb rod ydpuov tovtov icai pue 6

7rarr)p ra 'HLXXtfvcov TraiBevaas dyei irapa tov<?

(TO(j)ov<z irpo rjXiicias Xcrcos, BcoBe/ca yap puoi Tore

r)v err}, oi Be erpecpov Xaa koX eavrcov iralBa, ou?

yap av viroBe^covrai rrjv 'FjXXtjvcov epeovrjv elBoras,

dyaircoai pbdXXov, &>? e? to opuorjOes avTols r/Br)

TrpoarjKOVTas.

XXXII

cap.y

Kiro6av6vrcov Be \xoi /cal tcov yovecov ov puera-

iroXv dXXrfXcov, avToi fie fiaBicravra eVt Ta? Kcopuas

e/ceXevaav eTripLeXrjOrjvat tcov epuavTOv yeyovoraevvea/caiBe/ca errj. ra? puev ovv Kcbp,a<s acprjprjro

fie tjBtj 6 xprjcrTO? Oelos ical ovBe ra yrjBid pbot,

vireXiire ra, K€fCTr)p,eva tco irarpi, irdvra yap rfj

eavrov dpxfl 7rpo&rjfceiv avrd, epue BJav pueydXcov

Trap avrov rvêlv, el pue ecorj îjv. epavov ovv

gvXXe!;dp,evo<; irapa tcov t^? pL?)Tpb<s direXevOepcovd/coXovOovs elxpv rerrapa<;. icai puoi dvayiyvco-ctkovti tol>9

'

llpafcXeiBa? to Bpapua, eTrecrrrj tkevrevOev eiricTToXrjv (pepcov irapa dvBpbs ifmriBeiovTfo Trarpiy 09 p>e etceXevcre Biaftdvra rbv 'TBpacoTrjv

200


him :" Do you keep all this and enjoy the whole chap.

Empire as your own ; for it is ridiculous that one who XXXI

could not even keep the kingdom which belonged to

him should presume to meddle with one which doesnot

;but give me your sister, for this is all I want of

yours." So having obtained her in marriage he lived

hard by the sages in seven fertile villages which the

king bestowed upon his sister as her pin-money. I

then am the issue of this marriage, and my father

after teaching me Greek brought me to the sages at

an age, somewhat too early perhaps, for I was onlytwelve at the time, but they brought me up like

their own son;for any that they admit knowing the

Greek tongue they are especially fond of, because

they consider that in virtue of the similarity of his

disposition he already belongs to themselves.

XXXII

And when my parents had died, which they did chap.YYYTT

almost together, the sages bade me repair to the

villages and look after my own affairs, for I was now restoration

nineteen years of age. But, alas, my good uncle had to Ms grand -

already taken away the villages, and didn't even leave throne

me the few acres my father had acquired ; for he said

that the whole of them belonged to his kingdom, andthat I should get more than I deserved if he spared

my life. I accordingly raised a subscription amongmy mother's freedmen, and kept four retainers.

And one day when I was reading the play called" The Children of Hercules," a man presentedhimself from my own country bringing a letter froma person devoted to my father, who urged me to cross

201

cap. TTOTdfibv ^vyyiyveadai ol wepl rr}<; «/>%?)9 t%evravOa, 7roXXa9 yap eXiriBa<; elvai /jloi dvaKrrj-

gclgQcli avrrjv fir) eXivvovri. to fiev Br) BpdfiaOecov T£<? olfiai eirl vovv fjyaye Kal elirbfir)v rfj

4>rjfir}, Biafias Be rov iroTafibv rov fiev erepov rcov

fieftiao-fievwv e? rr)v cupxhv reOvdvai rjKOvaa, tov

Be erepov ev to?9 {3aaiXeioi<; iroXiopKeladaL tovtois.

e^copovv Br) ^vvrelvcov Kal fiowv Trpbs toi>9 ev Tat?

Kobfiais, oY o)V eareixov, a>9 6 rov Betvos ecrjv v/09

Kal eirl rr)v % dpyr)v rr)v ifiavrov toifii, ol Be

Xaipovres re Kal dairaôfievol fie irpovirepmov

irapairXr)o tov rjyov/nevoi rw irdirircp, eyxeipiBid re

r)v avrois koX To£a, Kal TrXeLovs del eyiyvofieOa,

Kal 7rpoaeX06vra rah TrvXais ovrco ti aafievoi

eBeâvro ol evravda, a>9 airb tov /3a)fiov rov

nXiov BaBas d^dfievoi irpb irvXwv re r\Keiv Kal

r)yelo~6ai Bevpo i<pVfivovvT€<; ttoXXo, ra> irarpl Kal

ra> 7rdiTTT(p, tov Be ecrco K7}(f>r)va irepi% to rel^ps

eKXyaav Kalioi ifiov irapatTOVfievov fir) roi&Be

rpoTTcp diroOavelv avrovT

XXXIII

cap. "TiroXafiajv ovv 6 AttoXXcovws,>( r

UpaKXeiBcov ,"

e(f)rj,

" KaOoBov dre%v(0<; BieXrjXvOas, Kal ewaivereoi

ol Oeol Tr/s Biavoias, otl yevvaiw dvBpl eirl ra

eavTov o-Teiôvn %vvr)pavTo t?}? KaOoBov. dXX'

eKeivo fioi irepl ro)v aro(f>wv elire' ov Kal virb1

AXe^dvBp(p 7TOT6 eyevovro ovtol Kal dvaÔevre^202


the river Hydraotes and confer with him about my chap.

present kingdom ; for he said there was a goodxxxn

prospect of my recovering it, if I wavered not. I

cannot but think that some god set me on readingthis drama at the moment, and I followed the omen ;

and having crossed the river I learnt that one of the

usurpers of the kingdom was dead, and that theother was besieged in this very palace. AccordinglyI hurried forward, and proclaimed to the inhabitants

of the villages through which I passed that I was theson of so and so, naming my father, and that I wascome to take possession of my own kingdom ; but

they received me with open arms and escorted me,recognising my resemblance to my grandfather, and

they had daggers and weapons, and our numbersincreased from day to day. And when I approachedthe gates the population received me with suchenthusiasm that they snatched up torches off the

altar of the Sun and came before the gates andescorted me hither with many hymns in praise of myfather and grandfather. But the drone that waswithin they walled up, although I protested againsthis being put to such a death."

XXXIII

Here Apollonius interrupted and said : f You have chap.

exactlyplayed the part ofthe restored sonsof Hercules xxxin

in the play, and praised be the gods who have helped ^the"^6

so noble a man to come by his own and restored you Brahman

by their providential intervention. But tell me this visited by

about these sages : were they not once actually subjectAlexander

to Alexander, and were they not brought before him

203

cap. avra> irepl rov ovpavov ecpiXoo-ocprjaav ;

" "'Ofv-

XXXIII £ / »>>/• ,, > n, f N^V V/l «

opa/cai, €(p7j, e/ceivoi rjaav, ro be euvos tovto

eXevOepidêi re del /cal TroXefAi/cws e^yprvrai,

o-o<piav re iMeraêipiêcrdai (paviv ovBev XPV°"T0V

elBores' ol Be dre^yoi^ o~o(f)ol /ceivrai fjuev rovf

T(f)do~iBo<; /cal rov Ydyyov fiecroi, rrjv Be ^copav

ravrrjv ovBe eTrrjXOev 6 'AXeâvBpos, ovri ttov rd

ev avrfj Beiaas, dXX\ olfiai, rd lepd direarjfirjvev

avra>. el Be /cal Bieffr} rovr/

T(f>ao~iv /cal rrjv irepl

avroxx; yr\v r/BwrjOrj eXecv, dXXd rrjv ye rvpaiv, rjv

e/celvoi /caroi/covo-iv, ovB' dv fJLvplovs fxev 'A%AAea9,

TpHT/jLVpLovs Be Aiavras dywv nrore eyeipozaaro' ov

yap fidj(pvrai Tofc rrpoaeXOovGiv, dXXd Bioarj/jblais

re Kol o~fcr)7TTOL<; ftdWovres drro/cpovovrai o~<f>d<; lepol

teal 0eocf>iXeU ovres' rbv yovv(

Hpa/cXea rbv Alyvir-

riov /cal rbv Aiovvaov %vv ottXois BiaBpajiovras rb

'IvBcov edvos (j>aal /juev more eXdaai eV avrovs a/jua

p,7)'%avds re TraXa/ntjaaaOai /cal rov ywp'l0V diro-

ireipdaOai, ol Be dvrnrpdrreiv ovBev, dXhJ drpe-

fjuelv, ft>? i/celvois e<f>aivovro, eirel S' avrol irpoarje-

aav, Trprjo-Trjpes avrovs dirediaavTO ical /3povral/cdrco arpeô/xevai /cal e/Jbirlirrovcrai rot? ottXois,

rrjv re dairiBa XPV(TVV ovaav dirofiaXelv e/cei

Xeyerai 6f

Hyoa/e\?7?, /cal ireiroir/vrai avrrjv dvd-

07jfia ol ao(j)ol Bid re rrjv rod ^Hpa/cXeovs B6i;av,

Bid re rb e/crvrrco/jba rrj<; dairiBos' avrbs yapTreTToirjrai 6 'Hpa/cXrjs opi^cov rd YdBeipa /cal rd

6pT) ar/]Xa<; rroiovfievos rov re 'Q/ceavbv e? rd eaw

204


to philosophise about the heavens?" "Those were chap.

the Oxydrakae," he said, "but this race has alwaysxxxin

been independent and well equipped for war;and

they say that they attempted, yet never acquired anyreal knowledge ofwisdom. But the genuine sages live

between the Hyphasis and the Ganges, in a countryWhich Alexander never reached

;not I imagine

because he was afraid of what was in it, but, I think,

because the omens warned him against it. But if

he had crossed the Hyphasis, and had been able

to take the surrounding country, he could certainlynever have taken possession of their castle in which

they live, not even if he had had ten thousand like

Achilles, and thirty thousand like Ajax behind him;

for they do not do battle with those who approachthem, but they repulse them with prodigies and

thunderbolts which they send forth, for they are

holy men and beloved of the gods. It is related,

anyhow, that Hercules of Egypt and Dionysus after

they had overrun the Indian people with their arms,at last attacked them in company, and that theyconstructed engines of war, and tried to take the

place by assault; but the sages, instead of taking the

field against them, lay quiet and passive, as it

seemed to the enemy ;but as soon as the latter

approached they were driven off by rockets of

fire and thunderbolts which were hurled obliquelyfrom above and fell upon their armour. It wason that occasion, they say, that Hercules lost his

golden shield, and the sages dedicated it as an

offering, partly out of respect for Hercules' reputa-

tion, and partly because of the reliefs upon the

shield. For in these Hercules is represented fixingthe frontier of the world at Gadira, and turning the

205

cap.€Tri(T7ra)fi€vo<i, o6ev ByXovTai firj tov Srjfiaiov

'HpatcXea, tov Be AlyviTTiov eirl tcl TdBeipaeXOelv koX opiarrjv yevecrOai t?}? 7779."

XXXIV

cap. Toiavra BiaXeyofievoyv avrcov eirrjXOev 6 vp,vos

avXQ> dpa, epofxevov Be tov'

AttoXXcovlov tov

/SacnXea, 6 tc eOeXot, 6 /cwyu-o?," 'IvBol"

ecj)7],

"Trapawecreis tw ftacnXel aBovaiv, eireiBav 7r/)o?

tg> KaOevBetv ylyvrjTai, oveipaai t€ dyaOols XP^~adcu 'Xprjo'Tov T€ aviGTaaQai /ecu ev^v/jiftoXov Tot?

VTTTJKOOls""7TW9 OW," €(j>7),

"0) fiacriXeV, Bcd-

Keicrai 777309 tclvtcl ; ere yap ttov avXovcnv." " ov

tcaTayeXco" €(f>rj,

"Bel yap Trpoaleadai avTa tov

vofjbov eve/cev, Trapaiveerea)? jjuevTOL p,7)Befiia<; Bel-

crOat, ocra yap av 6 fiacriXeix; /ubeTpiws tc koX XPV~<tto)9 irpaTTT), TavTa eavTw Brjirov xapLelTat

/judXXov rj toIs vTrrjicoois"

XXXV

cap. TocavTa BiaXexQ&VTes, aveTravaavTo, eVel BeXXXV

t f r , / 'V'/O^^'f/ >

rjfiepa virecpaiveTO, avTo<; o pacnXevs acpitceTO e?

to BcofiaTiov, <p eve/edOevBov ol irepl tov 'AttoXXco-

viov, teal tov aKipuiroBa eTnyjrrjXacfyijo-a^ Tpoerelire

206


mountains into pillars, and confining the ocean chap.

within its bounds. Thence it is clear that it was notxxxm

the Theban Hercules, but the Egyptian one, that

came to Gadira, and fixed the limits of the world."

XXXIV

While they were thus talking, the strain of the chap.

hymn sung to the flute fell upon their ears, and

Apollonius asked the king what was the meaning of to the king

their ode. "The Indians," he answered, "singtheir admonitions to the king, at the momentof his going to bed ;

and they pray that he mayhave good dreams, and rise up propitious and

affable towards his subjects."" And how," said

Apollonius," do you, O king, feel in regard to

this matter ? For it is yourself I suppose that theyhonour with their pipes."

"I don't laugh at them,"

he said," for I must allow it because of the law,

although I do not require any admonition of the

kind : for in so far as a king behaves himself with

moderation and integrity, he will bestow, I imagine,favours on himself rather than on his subjects."

XXXV

After this conversation they laid themselves down chap.

to repose ;but when the day dawned, the king him- xxxv

self went to the chamber in which Apollonius and c/ the*

8 °n

his companions were sleeping, and gently strokingrelation of

the bed he addressed the sage, and asked him what divination

207

SQ£„ tc tov avBpa, /cal tfpero avrov, o n evOvfiotTO," ov

7a/3 itov KavevoeLS, eiirev, vocop ttlvcov /cat /cara-

ye\wv tov otvov."" ov yap icaQevBeiv r)yf)" etprf,

"tov? to vBcop TTivovras ;

" /caOevBeiv fiev" €<f)7),

"XCTTTOV Be V7TV0V, OV7T€p CL/CpOlS CLVTOiV TOt? 6(p-

OaXfiois i<f)t,£dv€iv (pay/juev, ov t& v&." "afjL<f)OT€-

poiq, elire,"

/cal io~co$ t& va> . fxaXXov' el yap /jLij

(itpep,r)o ei 6 vovs, ovBe viroBeôvTai ol 6<p@aXfiol

rov virvov' oi yovv /ze/iôVe? ovBe /caOevBeiv Bv-

vavTai Bia tt)v tov vov irrjBrjaiv, aX)C e? aXXa /cal

aXXa ainovGT)^ t% evvoias yopyoTSpov Te avaftXe-

T:ovai Kai avaiBeaTGpov, wairep ol avirvoi twv

Bpa/covTcov. eirel tolvvv, a> fiaaiXev," elire,"

aa(pco<; rjp/jLrjvevTat, to tou vttvov epyov /cal aTTa

BrjXovTai avT<a to?? avOpcoirois, ^KeôapueOa, tl

fjLeioveKTrjaei ev tw vttvw tov /jl€0vovto<; 6 to vBcop

nrivwvr "fir) o~o<pi£ov," e(prj 6 ftacriXevs,

"el yap

IxedvovTa virodrjar), ov /caOevBrjaei tovto, /3a/c-

yevovva yap i) yv(op,7] aTpofirjaei Te avTov /cal

Tapani)? ifjuirXijaei' Bo/coval toi ttclvtcs ol e/c

/jueOrfs KaTaBapOelv ireipdip.evoi avairefjareaOai T€

e? tov opo(pov, /cal av virbyeiov elvai Biviyv Te.

e/JL7r€7rT(D/cevai o-<piaiv, oia Brj irepl tov 'If/om

XeyeTai gv/jbfiaiveiv. ov/covv afiw tov fieOvovTa,

aXXa tov TreiratKOTa /juev tov olvov, vrj(f>ovTa Be

decopelv, oj? KaOevBrjaei /cal &>? ttoXXw {3£Xtiov tov

208


he was thinking about. "For/' he said,

" I don't chap.

imagine you are asleep, since you drink water and xxxv

despise wine." Said the other :il Then you don't

think that those who drink water go to sleep ?' '

"Yes/' said the king,

et

they sleep, but with a verylight sleep, which just sits upon the tips of their

eyelids, as we say, but not upon their minds." "Nay

with both do they sleep," said Apollonius, "and

perhaps more with the mind than with the eyelids.For unless the mind is thoroughly composed, the

eyes will not admit of sleep either. For note howmadmen are not able to go to sleep because their

mind leaps with excitement, and their thoughts run

coursing hither and thither, so that their glances are

full of fury and morbid impulse, like those of the

dragons who never sleep. Since then, O king," hewent on,

" we have clearly intimated the use andfunction of sleep, and what it signifies for men, let

us examine whether the drinker of water need sleepless soundly than the drunkard." " Do not quibble,"said the king,

" for if you put forward the case of a

drunkard, he, I admit, will not sleep at all, for his

mind is in a state of revel, and whirls him about andfills him with uproar. All, I tell you, who try to goto sleep when in drink seem to themselves to berushed up on to the roof, and then to be dasheddown to the ground, and to fall into a whirl,as they say happened to Ixion. Now I do not

put the case of a drunkard, but of a man who has

merely drunk wine, but remains sober ;I wish

to consider whether he will sleep, and how muchbetter he will sleep than a man who drinks no

209

vol. 1.

XXXVI

xxxvi KaXeaa? ovv 6 'AttoXXcovlo? tov Ad/MV,"

tt/oo?

Beivov avBpa" e<p7],"o Xoyos teal G(j)68pa <yeyv-

fjbvacrfievov tov BiaXeyeGdac" Ho/OftV' e<£??,

ff /cat

toOt' IVa)? 971/ to fi€\a/jL7rvyov Tvyelv. ted/me Be

irdvv alpel o Xoyos, bz> eiprjfeev- wpa ovv gov depv-

TrvtcravTi diroTeXelv avTovT dvateovtyiGas ovv rrjv

teeef)aXr)v 6 ^AnroXXoavios,"

tealjj,r)v ogov," e(f>r),

"7r\eov€fCTOv/jL€v ol to vBcop irivovres 7rpo? to teaO-

evBetv r)Btov, iya> BrjXcoGco tov ye gov Xoyov e'^o-

fjuevos' &)? fiev yap Terdpa/erai r) yveofirj tols p,edv-

ovgi teal /JLavitecorepov BidteeiVTai, Gaefrco? etprjteaSy

opSifiev yap tov? fieOy KareG^jxevovf; Blttci<; fiev

aeXrjvas BoteovvTas fiXerreiv, Bcttov? Be rjXiovs, tovs

Be tjttov 7re7ro)te6ra<;, teav irdvv vrjc/xoGiv, ovBev fiev

rovrodv r)yovfievovs, [xeaTOv^ Be evefrpoGvvrjs teal

rjBovrjs, r) Br) irpoGiriirrei g<j>Iglv ovBe ef evirpdyias

TroXXdtcis, teal fieXerwGL Be ol tolovtol Bi/eas ovBe

(frOeygd/jievoi ttco ev BcteaGTTjpLw, teal irXovrelv (fraGiv

ovBe Bpa^pur)^ avrois evBov ovgt)<;. ravra Be, co

(3aGiXev, jjiavcted irdSrj' teal yap avrb to rjBeGOai

BtaieiveZ rr)v yvco/jirjv teal 7roXXoij<; olBa reov G(j)6Bpa

rjyovjjbevcov ev irpaTretv ovBe teaOevBecv Bvvafievovs,

d\\9

ete7rr)BcovTa<; tov vttvov, teal tovt av etrj to

irapeyeiv (fipovriBas teal rayadd. €gtc Be teal

210

LIFE OF APOLLONIIS, HOOK II

XXXVI

.pollonius then summoned Damis, and said: " 'Tis chap.

a clever man with whom we are discussing and one

thoroughly trained in argument." "I see it is so/' f drinking

said Damis," and perhaps this is what is meant by ]^son and

the phrase'

catching a Tartar.' But the argument sound

excites me very much, of which he has deliveredchvinatl0n

himself; so it is time for you to wake up and finish

it." Apollonius then raised his head slightly andsaid :

" Well I will prove, out of your own lips and

following your own argument, how much advantagewe who drink water have in that we sleep more

sweetly. For you have clearly stated and admitted

that the minds of drunkards are disordered and are

in a condition of madness ;for we see those who

are under the spell of drink imagining that they see

two moons at once and two suns, while those whohave drunk less, even though they are quite sober,while they entertain no such delusions as these, are yetfull of exultation and pleasure ;

and this fit of joy often

falls upon them, even though they have not had anygood luck, and men in such a condition will pleadcases, although they never opened their lips before

in a law-court, and they will tell you they are rich,

although they have not a farthing in their pockets.Now these, O king, are the affections of a madman.For the mere pleasure of drinking disturbs their

judgment, and I have known many of them whowere so firmly convinced that they were well off,

that they were unable to sleep, but leapt up in their

slumbers, and this is the meaning of the saying thatf

good fortune itself is a reason for being anxious.'

211

cap(f)dp/j,a/ca vttvov /le/jbrjâvrffieva Tot? dvOpcoTTOis, cov

TTiovTe? re Koi dXe^dfievoi KaOevBovcTiv e/crei-

vavres avrovs cocnrep airoOavovres, oOev fierd tivos

Xr)0r/$ dviaravrat /cat aXXocre ttoi /jLclXXov elcriv i)

ovirep elvai Bo/covaiv. ore fiev Bi) ra TTtvo/ieva,

fiaXXov Be ra eTravrXov/neva rfj ^v^fj koX rco

crco/narc ov yvrjcrcov ovBe oltcelov eTreadyerai rbv

vttvov, dX)C r) fiaOvv ical rj/jLiOvrJTa r) ftpa'^yv koCi

BtaCT7TCO/Jb€VOV VTTO TCOV eVTpeÔVTCOV, KCiV ^pTJCTTa

fj, ^vvOrjay rdya, el pur) to Bvcrepi fiaXXov rj rb

epujTifcov <T7rov8d£et<;. ol he i/iol ^vpuiroTai ra

fiev ovra bpcocriv co? ovra, ra Be ov/c ovra ovr

dvaypdcfyovcriv avrols ovd* vrrorvTrovvrat,, /covcfrol re

ovttco eBoâv, ovBe puearol fiXa/ceca? ovBe evrjOeias

rj IXapcorepoi rov TTpoarfKOvro^, dXS! ecfreo-Trj/coTes

elal koi Xoyiapuov irXeco, irapairXrâioi BeiXr/s re

/ecu oirore dyopa irXijOei, ov yap vvardôvcriv

OVTOC, KCIV TTOppCO TCOV VVKTCOV cnrovBd^coaiv. ov

• yap e^coOel avrov^ 6 vttvos coairep Beo-Tr6rr)<; /3ptcra?

e? rbv av%eva BeBovXcopAvov vtto rov olvov, aXX'

iXevOepoi re ical opOol cpacvovrai, /caraBapdevresBe /caOapa rfj ^v^f) Beôvrao rbv vttvov ovre vtto

tcov evirpayicov dvatcovcfriôpLevot, avrov ovre vtto

KaKOTTpaytas rivbs eicOpcbcrrcovTes. J;v/jL{jLeTpo<; yap

77-^00? a/j,<f>co Tavra ^rv^r) vr)<f>ovaa /cat ovBerepovrcov iraOcov rjrrcov, oOev tcaOevBei rjBtcrra Ka\ dXv-

TTOTara pur) iîo-rapevrj rod vttvov.


Men have also devised sleeping draughts, by drink- chap.

ing or anointing themselves with which, people atXXXVI

once stretch themselves out and go to sleep as if

they were dead ;but when they wake up from such

sleep it is with a sort of forgetfulness, and they

imagine that they are anywhere rather than where

they are. Now these draughts are not exactly

drunk, but I would rather say that they drench the

soul and body ;for they do not induce any sound or

proper sleep, but the deep coma of a man half dead,or the light and distracted sleep of men haunted byphantoms, even though they be wholesome ones ; and

you will, I think, agree with me in this, unless you are

disposed to quibble rather than argue seriously.But those who drink water, as I do, see things as

they really are, and they do not record in fancy

things that are not ;and they were never found to

be giddy, nor full of drowsiness, or of silliness, nor

unduly elated ;but they are wide awake and

thoroughly rational, and always the same, whetherlate in the evening or early in the morning whenthe market is crowded ;

for these men never nod,even though they pursue their studies far into the

night. For sleep does not drive them forth,

pressing down like a slave-holder upon their necks,that are bowed down by the wine ; but you find them ,

free and erect, vand they go to bed with a clear, pure

soul and welcome sleep, and are neither buoyed up bythe bubbles of their own private luck, nor scared out

of their wits by any adversity. For the soul meetsboth alternatives with equal calm, if it be sober andnot overcome by either feeling ;

and that is whyit can sleep a delightful sleep untouched by the

sorrows which startle others from their couches.

XXXVII

cap. Kcu LLTjv /cal to aavTi/cbv to e/c tmv oveipdrcov, o

Oeiorarov twv dvOpcoTruvcov Bo/cec,. paov Biopa fir)

^vvredoXco/jLevrj vtto tov olvov, aX)C a/cr/paro?

Be%ofievr) avrb /cal irepiaOpovaa' ol yovv e^rjyrjTal

twv oifreoov, oi)<; oveipoTroXovs ol rrocrjTal /caXovcriv,

ov/c av xmoKpivoLVTO oyjnv ovBefiiav fir) irporepov

epbfievoi tov /caipov, ev w elBev. av fiev yap ea>09

rj teal rov irepl tov opBpov virvov, ^vfifidWovTai

aifTrjv &>9 vyicos fiavTevofievrjS tt}? ^rv^r)^, eireiBav

diroppv^y)Tai tov olvov, el 8'dfi(f)l irpwTOV vttvov

rj fieaas vvKTas, otg $e$vdio~Tai T€ /cal £vvTe-

OSXcOTai €Tl VTTO TOV OLVOV, TTapaiTOVVTai TT]V

VTTQKplGW aO(f>ol OVT€$. 00? Be KoX TO£9 6eol<$ Bo/C€L

TavTa /cal to %pr)o~fiwBes iv Tafc vrjcjyovcrais

-^v^als TiOevi ai> o-a</>W9 BrjXcoaco' eyeveTo, w

ftacriXev, irap "ILWrjaLv*

Afityidpews dvrjp fidvTLS."

,"olBa," elire,

"Xeyeis yap ttov tov tov Ol/c\eov<;,

bv e/c ®r)/3wv eiraviovTa eireaTrdaaTO r) yr) Jwi/ra.""

ovto<;, a) fiacriXev" ecprj,"fiavTevbfievos iv ttj

^Attc/cjj vvv oveipaTa eivdyei Tot? •^poo/ie'vois, /cal

\a/36vT€<$ ol tepee? tov yjpr)abfievov gLtov tc

elpyovcri fiiav r)fiepav ical olvov Tpefc, iva BiaXafi-

TTOvarj ttj "^rvyrj twv Xoytcov airdaj)' el Be 6 olvos

214


XXXVII

And more than this, as a faculty of divination by chap.V"Y"V\7Tr

means of dreams, which is the divinest and most god-AAAV11

like of human faculties, the soul detects the truth all toTdrfnk are

the more easily when it is not muddied by wine, but valueless for

accepts the message unstained and scans it carefully, divination

Anyhow, the explainers of dreams and visions, those

whom the poets call interpreters of dreams, will

never undertake to explain any vision to anyonewithout having first asked the time when it was seen.

For if it was at dawn and in the sleep of morning-tide, they calculate its meaning on the assumptionthat the soul is then in a condition to divine soundlyand healthily, because by then it has cleansed itself

of the stains of wine. But if the vision was seen in

the first sleep or at midnight, when the soul is still

immersed in the lees of wine and muddied thereby,

they decline to make any suggestions, if they are wise.

And that the gods also are of this opinion, and that

they commit the faculty of oracular response to souls

which are sober, I will clearly show. There was,O king, a seer among the Greeks called Am-

phiaraus."" I know," said the other; "for you

allude, I imagine, to the son of Oecles, who wasswallowed up alive by the earth on his way back

from Thebes." "This man, O king," said Apollonius,"

still divines in Attica, inducing dreams in those whoconsult him, and the priests take a man who wishes

to consult him, and they prevent his eating for one

day, and from drinking wine for three, in order that

he may imbibe the oracles with his soul in e

condition of utter transparence. But if wine were

cap. dyaObv rjv tov vttvov (frdpfiaKov, eKekevaev av 6xxxvn

ao(j)0(; 'A/j,<j)idp€(D<; tou? Oewpovs tov evavTiov

eaKevaafievov^ Tpoirov Kal olvov fieo~TOVs, oyairep

d/Mpopeas, e<? to clBvtov avrw (jyepeaOat. iroWaBe /cat fjLCLVTela Xeyoifi av evBoKifia Trap' "JLWrjaCTe Kal ftapfidpois, iv oh 6 lepevs vBaTO<$, aX\'

ovî olvov airdaa^ diro$QeyyeTai ra i/c tov

rpLTTohos. OeocpoprjTOV Br) /cdfie r)yov Kal irdvia^,

co fiacriXev, tow? to vBcop TTLvovras' vv/jLcfroXrjTTTOi

yap r)fiel<;Kal ftaK^pi tov vrj(f>eiv."

"iroirjar)

ow," €<f>V>"

&> 'AiroXkoovie, Kafie @iao~(DTr)v ;

"

"elirep fir) <f>opTtKo<;," elire,

"to£? v7rr)Kooi<; Sofetf

<j>i\oo-o(f)ia yap irepl ftaaiXei dvBpl ^vfifieTpo^ fiev

Kal vivaveifievr) Oavfiao-Trjv ipydêTat Kpdaiv,

wo~7T€p iv o~ol BiatyaLveTat, f) 6° aKpi/3r)<; Kal

vixepTelvovaa (fyopTiKr) tc, a> fiaaikev, Kal Taixeivo-

T€pa T?}? vfjL€T€pa<; GK7)vr)<$ fyaiveTai Kal Tvcfrov Be

a\)To tl av eêiv r)yolvTO fidaKavoi,"

XXXVIII

cap. TavTa BiaXe^devTe^, Kal yap rjfiepa rjBrj eTvyya-vevy e? to e£&> irporpÛov. Kai i;vveis o AttoWcovios ,

o>9 'XprffAUTLêiv Beoi tov ffaatXea TrpeafieLais

T€ Kal Tot? toiovtois," av fiev," e<f)rj,

"ft> fiaaiXeVy

Ta TrpocrrjKovTa tj} apyjr) irpaTTe, epue Be tov Kaipbvtovtov aves tg>

(

H\lg), Bet ydp fie Tr)v elBiafievrfv

evyr)v evâarOat" f Kal aKovot ye evyofievov"^4*Vi

"XaPLe^rat y^P Tfao-iv, oiroaoi rrj o~o<f>ia tj)

216


a good drug of sleep, then the wise Amphiaraus chap.

would have bidden his votaries to adopt the oppositexxxvn

regimen, and would have had them carried into his

shrine as full of wine as leathern flagons. And I

could mention many oracles, held in repute byGreeks and barbarians alike, where the priest utters

his responses from the tripod after imbibing water

and not wine. So you may consider me also as a fit

vehicle of the god, O king, along with all who drink

water. For we are rapt by the nymphs and are

bacchantic revellers in sobriety.""Well, then,"

said the king,"you must make me too, O Apollonius,

a member of your religious brotherhood." "I would

do so," said the other, "provided only you will not

be esteemed vulgar and held cheap by your subjects.

For in the case of a king a philosophy that is at once

moderate and indulgent makes a good mixture, as

is seen in your own case ; but an excess of rigourand severity would seem vulgar, O king, and beneath

your august station ;and it might be construed by

the envious as due to pride."

XXXVIII

When they had thus conversed, for by this time it chap.

was daylight, they went out into the open. And XXXVIH

Apollonius, understanding that the king had to give ^fjj1""8

audience to embassies and such-like, said :

" You the Sun

then, O king, must attend to the business of state,

but let me go and devote this hour to the Sun, for I

must needs offer up to him my accustomed prayer."* And I pray he may hear your prayer," said the king," for he will bestow his grace on all who find pleasure

217

cap. afj yaipovaiv eyo) Be irepiaevo) o~e eiraviovra, tealXXXVIII \ <S / v v C t \ \

yap biKaaai Tiva<$ yprj ot/ra?, at? Traparvy^cov ra

pukyiard fJL€ ovrjaeis?

XXXIX

xxxix ^traveXOcbv ovv u pofcey^copr/fevia^ rjBr) rr)<; rifxepa^

Yjpcora 7T€pl wv eBtKaaev, 6 Be,"rrj/xepov" e^rj,

" ovk eBifcaaa, ra yap lepa ov ^vveycapei fioi"

viroXapoov ovv 6 'AttoXXcovios,"

e<£' iepols ovv?

e<j>rj,

"iroiecaOe ical Tavras, cbcrirep Ta? eôBov; re

koX ra? o-Tpareias ;

" "vrj A[ '," elire,

"ical yap

evravOa KivBvvos, el 6 Bi/cd£cov direveyOeir) rod

eu#eo?." ev Xeyeiv tw ÂttoXXwvlw eBoê, /cal

tfpero avrbv irakiv, Tt? elrj, r)v Bi/cdaoi Bi/crjv,

",6pG) yap? elirev,"ecpecrrrj/cora ere /cal diropovvra,

otty] yjrr}<j)Laaio""6p,oXoyw" e<f>r),

"diropelv, oOev

%VfM/3ovXoV TTOIOV/MIL <J€* OLTTeBoTO /JL€V ydp T£?

eripa) yrjv, ev rj Orjcravpbs dire/ceiTO Tt9 ovttco

BrjXos, yjpovtp Be varepov r) yrj payelaa yjpvaovTiva dveBeiê 6t]Krjv, r)v $r)ai fjuev eavrw irpoarjiceiv

fxaXXov 6 tt)V yrjv diroBofievo^, koX yap ovft av

airoBocrOai rr)v yrjv, el irpov/JbaOev, on ftiov eV

avrfj eypi, 6 TrpidfAevos Be auTo? dgiol ireirdaOai,

a ev rfj Xolttov eavrov yy evpe' ical Bi/caios fiev 6

dfi(f)oiv Xoyos, evr)67)<$ S' av eyo) <f>aivoi/j,r)v, el

KeXevaaifjLi a/jL<j)Ot) velpxiadai to ypvaiov, rovrl

218


in your wisdom ; but I will wait for you until you chap.

return, for I have to decide some cases in which xxxvm

your presence will very greatly help me."

XXXIX

Apollonius then returned, when the day was chap.YYYTY

already far advanced, and asked him about the cases

which he was judging ; but he answered :"To-day I consult?

have not judged any, for the omens did not allowJ^^JjJ-"*

me." Apollonius then replied and said :u It is the

case then that you consult the omens in such cases

as these, just as you do when you are setting out ona journey or a campaign."

"Yes, by Zeus," he said,

"for there is a risk in this case of one who is a

judge straying from the right line." Apollonius felt

that what he said was true, and asked him againwhat the suit was which he had to decide ;

" ForI see," he said, "that you have given your attention

to it and are perplexed what verdict to give.""

I

admit," said the king," that I am perplexed ;

andthat is why I want your advice ;

for one man has

sold to another land, in which there lay a treasure as

yet undiscovered, and some time afterwards the land,

being broken up, revealed a certain chest, which the

person who sold the land says belongs to him rather

than to the other, for that he would never have sold

the land, if he had known beforehand that he had a

fortune thereon;but the purchaser claims that he

acquired everything that he found in land, whichthenceforth was his. And both their contentions

are just ;and I shall seem ridiculous if I order them

219

cap. yap av /ecu ypavs BiaiToor}." viroXaftcov ovv 6XXXIX

r \ t I >>

AttoXXoovios,"

C09 fiev ov (f)iXoao(j)o) } e(f>r),

"tco

dvBpe, Brfkol to irepl ^pvaiov BiafyepeaOai crc/>a9,

apiara o av fioi oucacrai oo£e£9 code evvvpLr)veis,

co? ot 0eol TTpwrov fiev eiri\iekeiav iroiovwai twv

£vv apery <f>iXoo~o(f)ovvTCov, Bevrepov Be roiv

dvajiapTrjrcov re ical fxrjSev Trcoirore aBitcelv Bo^dv-

tcov. BiBoavi Be Tot? fiev (piXoaocpovori Biayi-

yvojo-/ceiv ev ra Oeld re Kal ra avOpcoireia, rot?

Bi* aXXco? XPV°~T°fc ftiov diro^poyvTa, ot>9 firj xrfrei

irore twv dvay/caieov aBi/coi yevcovrar BoKet By

fioi, (3a<ri\ev, fcaddirep eirl rpvrdvr)<; avrucplvai

tovtovs Kal tov dfi(f>olv dvaOecoprjaai fiiov, ov yapav fioi Bokovctlv ol Oeol tov fiev a<f>eXeo6ai Kal

ttjv yrjv, el fir) cj)avXo<; rjv, ra> B' av Kal ra vito rfj

yfi Bovvai, el fir) fteXrLCDv rjv tov diroBofievov"

dcpLKovro €? rrjv vo-repaiav BiKaaofievot a/zc/>co, Kal

6 fiev diroBofievos v/3picrTrj<; re rfXeyyero Kal

Overlap eKXeXonrax;, a9 eBei fot9 ev rfj yfj Oeols

OveiVy 6 Be i'7U€t,K7]$ re i(f>atveTo Kal oaioorara

Oepairevcov tovs 6eov<;. eKpdrrjaev ovv r) tov'

AttoXXwvlov yvcofirj Kal dirrjXOev 6 ^prjarb^ gj9

irapa twv Seoyv ravra e^tov.

220


to share the gold between them, for any old woman chap.

could settle the matter in that way." ApolloniusXXXIX

thereupon replied as follows :

" The fact that theyare quarrelling about gold shows that these two menare no philosophers ;

and you will, in my opinion, givethe best verdict if you bear this in mind, that the

gods attach the first importance and have most care

lor those who live a life of philosophy together with

moral excellence, and only pay secondary attention

to those who have committed no faults and werenever yet found unjust. Now they entrust to

philosophers the task of rightly discerning thingsdivine and human as they should be discerned, but

to those who merely are of good character they give

enough to live upon, so that they may never berendered unjust by actual lack of the necessaries of

life. It seems then to me, O king, right to weighthese men in the balance, as it were, and to examinetheir respective lives ;

for I cannot believe that the

gods would deprive the one even of his land, unless

he was a bad man, or that they would, on the other

hand, bestow on the other even what was under the

land, unless he was better than the man who sold

it." The two claimants came back the next day,and the seller was convicted of being a ruffian whohad neglected the sacrifices, which it was his

bounden duty to sacrifice to the gods on that land J;

but the other was found to be a decent man and a

most devout worshipper of the gods. Accordingly,the opinion of Apollonius prevailed, and the better

of the two men quitted the court as one on whomthe gods had bestowed this boon.

1 Or render : the gods of the underworld.

221

XL

cap. 'E7ret Be ra tt}? Biter)? wBe ecrê, TTpoaeXOcov 6

'A7TOXXd)VlO<; TO) *IvBq>,"

Tt]/J,€pOv" €l7r€V,"

T) TpLTTj

ro)v qjiepoiv, ev at? eirotoif fie, eo ftao~iXev, %evov,

T/79 2' €Tnovar)<$ eco ^p7] ei~eXavveiv eiroixevov tw

v6fjL(p" "aXX' ovBe 6 vopos" elirev,"

rjBr) BiaXeyerai

<roi, kclI yap rrj avpiov pAveiv eêcrrcv, eireuBr) fierd

fAearj/JLftpLav acpi/cov.""yaipw" ecj>rj,

"tg3 %evL(p,

koX yap fxot Botcels koX ao(^lêa6at rbv vofiov Be

efie.""

el yap teal Xvaai avrbv rjBvvd/jLijv" elire," to ye virep gov. aXX' etcelvo jjloi elire,

'

AttoXXoS-

vce, at Kci/ArjXoi, e<f>wv oyelo-Qai ere (f>ao-iv, ovk

etc JSa(SvXo)VO<s ayovcriv v/jlcl? ;

* "e/celOev"

efyrj,"Bovtos ye avras OvapBdvovT

" er ovv vfxa?

dirdyeiv Bvvrjaovrao, roaavra rjBrj ardBia etc

TIaftvXojvos rj/covaai ;

"eo-icowrjae fiev 6 'AttoXXoS-

vlo<$, 6 Be Ad/MS, "ovTrco (rvvirjo-ivêcpr),"

a) ftaaiXev,

rfjs aTroB^jJbia? 6 dvrjp ovtos, ovBe icov eOvwv, ev

049 Xoarov eajjuev, aXX' o>9 iravja^pv ere re teal

OvapBdvrjv eôyv iraiBiav tjyelrac to €9 'IvBoix;

irapeXOelv. to tol twv tcafirjXcov ov Bto/jLoXoyelrac

irpos o~e, ov eêt rpoirov BidiceiVTai yap ovtco

/ca/cMS, &>9 avral fiaXXov v<f r)[iwv fyepecrOai, kcli

Bel erepcov. av yap oKXdcrwaiv ev £p?j/jL(p irov rrj?

'IvBi/cf]<;, r)ixel? yêvT €(j)r),

"/caOeBov/xeOa tou9

yvirdsre koX tovsXvkovs diroaoôvvTe? tcov Kajjarj-

Xcov, 7}/jl(ov Be ovBels aTroo-oftrjo-ei, irpoaairoXovpueOa

222


XL

When the law-suit had been thus disposed of, chap

Apollonius approached the Indian, and said :" This

The

J

kinis the third day, O king, that you have made me gives the

your guest ;and at dawn to-morrow I must quit £eJheameis

your land in accordance with the law." "But," said

the other," the law does not yet speak to you thus,

for you can remain on the morrow, since you cameafter midday."

" I am delighted," said Apollonius," with your hospitality, and indeed you seem to me to

be straining the law for my sake." " Yes indeed,and I would I could break it," said the king, "in

your behalf; but tell me this, Apollonius, did not

the camels bring you from Babylon which they

say you were riding ?" "

They did," he said," and Vardan gave them us." " Will they then

be able"

to carry you on, after they have come

already so many stades from Babylon?"

Apolloniusmade no answer, but Damis said :

" O king, our

friend here does not understand anything about

our journey, nor about the races among which weshall find ourselves in future ;

but he regards our

passage into India as mere child's play, under the

impression that he will everywhere have you andVardan to help him. I assure you, the true con-

dition of the camels has not been acknowledged to

you ;for they are in such an evil state that we

could carry them rather than they us, and we mus^t

have others. For if they collapse anywhere in the

wilderness of India, we," he continued," shall have to

sit down and drive off the vultures and wolves from

the camels, and as no one will drive them off from

223

cap. yap" inroXaficbv ovv 6 ftao-Lkevs,"6706," e<j)r),

" tovto lacoficu, vfjblv T€ yap erepa^ Baxrco—Terrdpcov, olfjiai, BelaOe—ical 6 aarpdirr]^ Be 6 eirl

tov 'IvBov nre/JLyfrei e? RaftvXcova erepas rerrapa^.earl Be fiot, dyeXrj /cafjLrj\a>v ewl T irpeo-ftvTaTU) rwv o~o<j)(ov,

tv ^KiroWdiviov p,ev

co? purjBev /ca/CLG) eavrov Betjrjrac, vp,a<; Be ais

(f}c\oar6<pov<; re /cal oTraBovs dvBpbs OelovT ical

yjpvaiov Be eBLBov 'I^So? /cal i/r^oi;? ical 606va<;

ical fjbvpia rocavra' Be 'AttoWcovoos ^pvcriov

fiev ecprj l/cavbv eavrw elvat Bovros ye Ovap-Bdvov tc3 rjye/jLovi d<pavco$ avro, ra? Be oOovas

Xapufidveiv, eiretBr) eot/cacrt, rpiftwvL tmv dpyaitovre /cal irdvv 'Attl/cojv. pbiav Be nva r<ov tyr)(f>G)v

dveXo/juevos,"

<w fteXriaTT}," etirev,"co? 69 icaipov <re

/cal ovk dOeel evprj/ca,^ lo"%vv, 01fiat, riva ev avrfj

/caOecopa/coDS diropprjTov re /cal Oeiav. 01 Bedp,<f>l

rbv Ad/Mv xpvcrlov p,ev ovB* avrol irpoGievro, rcov

tyrjcfxov Be l/cav&s eBparrovro, C09 6eol<? dvaOrj-

aovres, ore eirave\6oiev e\ ra eavrcov r}6r).

XLI

cap. KarapbeLvaat, Be avrols /cal rrjv eiriovcrav, ov

yap pLedlero acfrwv 6 'IvBos, BlBayat, rr)v irpbs rbvy

Jdp^av iinaToXrjv yeypapp,evr)v wBe"

224


us, we shall perish too." The king answered accord- chap.

ingly and said :

" I will remedy this, for I will giveXL

you other camels, and you need four I think, and the

satrap ruling the Indus will send back four others to

Babylon. But I have a herd of camels on the Indus,all of them white." "And," said Damis, "will younot also give us a guide, O king?

""Yes, of course,"

he answered," and I will give a camel to the guide

and provisions, and I will write a letter to Iarchas, the And a letter

oldest of the sages, praying him to welcome Apollon-to Iarchas

ius as warmly as he did myself, and to welcome youalso as philosophers and followers of a divine man."And forthwith the Indian gave them gold and

precious stones and linen and a thousand other such

things. And Apollonius said that he had enoughgold already, because Vardan had given it to the

guide on the sly ; but that he would accept the linen

robes, because they were like the cloaks worn by the

ancient and genuine inhabitants of Attica. And he

took up one of the stones and said :

" O rare stone, His gift

how opportunely have I found you, and how pro-of gems

videntially !

"detecting in it, I imagine, some secret

and divine virtue. Neither would the companionsof Damis accept for themselves the gold ; neverthe-

less they took good handfuls of the gems, in order

to dedicate them to the gods, whenever they should

regain their own country.

XLI

So they remained the next day as well, for the chap.

Indian would not let them go, and he gave them a XLI

letter for Iarchas, written in the following terms :—225

VOL. I. Q

cap. "Baor^Xei'? t&paayrTis 'Iapya BiBaa/cdXco /tal Tot?

irepi avTov yaipeiv.

'AttoXXgovlos dvr)p ffo^wiaTO? aocpoorepovs vp,a9

anroXeiTat ovBev rwv pa6r)pLdra)V i)fuv, /cal yapXeyei apiara avdpdiTTcov /cal {lifivrjTCti. IBero) Be

/cal rbv Opbvov, eeff ov /caOlcravri piot t?)v ftaaCXeiav

eBco/cas, ^Yapya irdiep. /cal oi eiropbevoi Be av

afyoi eiraivov, ort, roiovBe dvBpbs r/rrrjVTj, ( e

€VTV%€1 /Cal 6VTV^€lT6.^

XLII

£.A?; 'JLireXdaavTes Be rcov TairlXcov /cal Bvo iipepdvobov bieXuovTes acpi/covro €9 to irebtov, ev w Xeye-rai 7T/0O9 'AXe^avBpov dyooviaaaOai ITwyoo?, /cal

TTiiXas ev avT(p IBelv <fiao~i %vy/cXeiovo~a<> ovBev,

d\Xa TpOTraiwv eve/ca M/coBopLrjpLeva?. dva/celaOai

yap eir avrcov rbv 'AXeifavBpov i(j)€o~T7)/CQTa

rerpappvpLois apfiaaiv, o!o9 eVl to?9 Aapelov

aaTpdirais ev ^laaoiq eo~Tr)/ce. BiaXeLirovo-ai £' ov

7toXv dXXrjXcov Bvo e%(p/cohopLr}a6ai Xeyovrat irvXat,

/cal <f>epeiv r) puev Uwpov, i) Be 'AXegavBpov,

i;vp,/3e/37)/c6T€, olfiai, pera tt)v fid^Tjv, 6 piev yapdaira^opievw eoi/cev, 6 Be irpoa/cvvovvTi.

226


King Phraotes to Iarchas his master and to his chap.

companions, all hail !

XL1

Letter of

Apollonius, wisest of men, yet accounts you still piraotes

wiser than himself, and is come to learn your lore. J^^?"18

Send him away therefore when he knows all that you mending

know yourselves, assured that nothing of yourpo

teachings will perish, for in discourse and memoryhe excels all men. And let him also see the throne,on which I sat, when you, Father Iarchas, bestowedon me the kingdom. And his followers too deserve

commendation for their devotion to such a master.

Farewell to yourself and your companions."

XLII

And they rode out of Taxila, and after a journey chap.of two days reached the plain, in which Porus is XLri

said to have engaged Alexander : and they say they xJJSa^Thesaw gates therein that enclosed nothing, but had triumphal

been erected to carry trophies. For there was Alexander

set up on them a statue of Alexander standing in a

four-poled chariot,1 as he looked, when at Issus

he confronted the Satraps of Darius. And at

a short distance from one another there are said to

have been built two gates, carrying the one a statue

of Porus, and the other one of Alexander, of both, as

I imagine, reconciled to one another after the battle ;

for the one is in the attitude of one man greetinganother, and the other of one doing homage.

1i.e. with eight horses.

227

XLIII

cap. Uora/ibv Be 'TBpacorrjv vTrepfiavres ical ifke'uo

Wvi) a/jLelTJravTes eyevovro 7T/50? ra> "TtyaaiBi,(TTahia Be anrexovTe? tovtov Tpidtcovra /3(o/jloI<s

re everwxpv, oh eireyeypaino IIATPI AMMUNIKAI HPAKAEI AAEA^HI KAI AOHNAInPONOIAI KAT All OATMIIIfll KAISAMO©PAIHI KABEIPOI2 KAI INAOIHAim KAI AEA<Dm AnOAAHNI, 4>aal Bk

zeal <TT7)\7)v ava/ceiaOai ^aX/crjv, y eiriyeypafydaiAAEHANAPOS ENTATOA E^TH. tou? fiev

Br) /3co/jlov<; 'AXegdvBpov rjyco/jbeOa to rrj<; eavrov

apXVS Tappet Tificovros, rr)v Be (TTfjXrfv rov'

AXegavBpov fir) rrpoeXOelv 7rp6aco.

228

LIFE OF APOLLONJUS, BOOK I J

•XLIII

And having crossed the river Hydraotes and chaPj

passed by several tribes, they reached the Hyphasis,XLm

and thirty stades away from this they came on altars Alexander

bearing this inscription: "To Father Ammon and °? the river

Heracles his brother, and to Athena Providence and5 p a

to Zeus of Olympus and to the Cabeiri of

Samothrace, and to the Indian Sun and to the

Delphian Apollo."And they say there was also a brass column

dedicated, and inscribed as follows :

"Alexander stayed his steps at this point." Thealtars we may suppose to be due to Alexander whoso honoured the limit of his Empire ; but I fancythe Indians beyond the Hyphasis erected the

column, by way of expressing their pride at

Alexander's having gone no further.

229

BOOK III

231

cap. Uepl 8e tove

T(j)dcn,8o<; kclL ottogos ttjv 'IvBiktjv

8lCt(TT€LXei KCU O TL 7T€pl avTov^Oavpua, TttSe %pr)

<yiyv(i)(Ticeiv' at 7rr)yal tov iroTapbov tovtov /3\v-

£ovo~i puev ifc irehiov, vavaiiropot avToOev, irpolovdai

8e real vavcrlv rj8rj diropoi elcriv. aicpwvvyiai yap

7r€Tpcov 7rapaX\a% viraviayovGi tov vBaros, irepl

a? avdy/cr) to pevpa eXirreaOai teal iroieiv tov

7rora/jbbv dirXovv. evpos 8e clvtw kcltcl rbv^lcrrpov,

TTOTCLfJLOiV 8e OUT09 8ofC€L pLeyiO~TO$, OITOGOL 8l

Euyo&)7r?7? peovcri. 8ev8pa 8e ol irpoabpboia $vei

irapa tcls oyQa<$, /cai rt kcl\ pivpov 6k8i8otcu twv

8ev8po)v y b ttolovvtcll 'Iv8ol yapurcbv xpiapba, real

€1 pLT) TO) P'VpCp TOVTW pdvCDCTl TOW? VVpL(j)LOV<; ol

gvvibvres e? rbv ydpiov, areXrjs 8o/cel /cat ovtc e<?

ydpw ry *K<hpo8lrr) ^vvappiocrdeis. dvelaOat 8e

rfj 6e<p tclvtt) Xeyovaiv avro re rb irepl tw irorapuw

vepo? kcli tovs l")(6v<$ Tom Taw?, 01)9 OVTOS pLOVOS

TTorapbcov rpefyei, ireTroirjvrai 8e clvtovs 6p,(ovvp,ov<;

tov opviOos, eirei /cvdveoi puev avTol? ol Xo<f>oi,

232

BOOK III

I

It is now time to notice the river Hyphasis, and CH^P-

to ask what is its size as it traverses India, and The river

what remarkable features it possesses. The springs Hyphasis

of this river well forth out of the plain, and close to

its source its streams are navigable, but as theyadvance they soon become impossible for boats,because spits of rock alternating with one another,rise up just below the surface ; round these thecurrent winds of necessity, so rendering* the river

unnavigable. And in breadth it approaches to theriver Ister, and this is allowed to be the greatest of

all the rivers which flow through Europe. Now the A nuPtial

woods along the bank closely resemble those of theriver in question, and a balm also is distilled fromthe trees, out of which the Indians make a nuptialointment

;and unless the contracting parties to the

wedding have besprinkled the young couple withthis balm, the union is not considered complete nor

compatible with Aphrodite bestowing her graceupon it. Now they say that the grove in the

neighbourhood of the river is dedicated to this

goddess, as also the fishes called peacock fish whichare bred in this river alone, and which have been

given the same name as the bird, because their fins

233

CAP. (TTLKTal Be al <j)oXiBe<i, "£pVGCL Be TCL OVpClZa KCLl,

07TOT6 ftovXoiVTO, dvatcX(bpLeva. €0~TI Be Tl 6r)pLOV

ev t& Trora/jbO) tovtw o-KcoXrj/ci el/cao-fievov Xev/cw.

tovto ol Trjicovres eXaiov iroiovvrai, irvp Be dpatov eXaiov tovtov i/cBlBoTai, /cat GTeyei avrb irXrjv

veXov ovBev. aXia/cerai Be tw ftaaiXei /iovco to

Orjplov tovto 7T/00? Teiyjhv aXwo-iv. eireiBav yapOiyrj tcov eirdX^eoav r) TnfieXrj, irvp eiacaXelTai

KpetTTOv o-fieaTrjplcov, birbcra avQpwirois irpbs to,

irvp(p6pa evprjTai,

II

cap. Kat toi>9 ovovs Be tou? dypiovs ev tols eXecri tov-

TOt? aXio-KeaOai $>ao~iv, elvcu Be rot9 6r\pioi<$ tov-

tois eir\ fieTQ)7rov Kepas, <L TavprjBov re kclL ovk

dyevvcas /jLd%ovTCU, teal dirotyaiveiv tol»9 *IvBov$

eKTrcofxa to Kepas tovto, ov yap ovtc voarjaai ttw

rjfiepav e.Keiv7]V 6 air avTov ttlgdv, ovtc av TpwOeU

aXyrjcrai, irvpos tc Bie^eXBelv av /cal firjB* av <pap-

p,aicoi<; aXwvai oiroaa eVl icaiccp nriveTai, /3ao~i,Xe(ov

Be to €K7ra)pLa elvai Kal {3aai\ei puovw avelaOai ttjv

Orjpav. 'AwoXXcovio*; Be to puev drjpiov ewpaicevai

<j)r)o-lKal ayaaOai avTO tt}? (frvaecos, epopuevov Be

avTov tov AdpuBos, el tov Xoyov tov irepl tov

e/c7Tft)yLtaT09 7rpoo-BexoiTo,"Trpoo-Begopai," ehrev,

"P\v dOdvaTOv pudOco tov ftacnXea tow Bevpo 'IvBwv

SvTa, tov yap epuoi tc Kal t& Belvi bpeyovTa irwpua

234

worm

LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III

are blue, and their scales spotty, and their tails chap.

golden, and because they can fold and spread the l

latter at will.

There is also a creature in this river which Wn™ery

resembles a white worm. By melting this down theymake an oil, and from this oil, it appears, there is givenoff a flame such that nothing but glass can contain it.

And this creature may be caught by the king alone

who utilises it for the capture of cities ; for as soon

as the fat in question touches the battlements, a fire

is kindled which defies all the ordinary meansdevised by men against combustibles.

II

And they say that wild asses are also to be chap.

captured in these marshes, and these creatures have n

a horn upon the forehead, with which they butt like^ and the

"a bull and make a noble fight of it ; the Indians magic cup

make this horn into a cup, for they declare that no Ss horn*111

one can ever fall sick on the day on which he has

drunk out of it, nor will any one who has done so be

the worse for being wounded, and he will be able to

pass through fire unscathed, and he is even immunefrom poisonous draughts which others would drink to

their harm. Accordingly, this goblet is reserved for

kings, and the king alone may indulge in the chase

of this creature. And Apollonius says that he sawthis animal, and admired its natural features ;

but

when Damis asked him if he believed the story about

the goblet, he answered :

"I will believe it, if I find

the king of the Indians hereabout to be immortal ;

for surely a man who can offer me or anyone else a

235

cap. avocrov re teal ovtcds vyies, 7ra>9 ovyl fiaWov el/cbs

avrbv eTreyxew eavra> tovtov koX ocrrjfjbepai iriveiv

dirb tov fceparos tovtov ^X?1 tf/rat7ra\?;9; ov yapBiafiaXel tis, oi/jlcli, to tovtco iieOvetv"

III

(

JAp - 'EvTCivOa teal yvvaiw (paalv evTeTv^îcevai to,

/lev etc K€(j)a\r}<; e? fiaôvs fxekavi, tcl Be e/c pua^wv

6? TroBas \evKG) irdvTa, koX ccvtoI fiev &>9 Belfjua

<f)vyelv, tov Be''

A.7roXkdavLOv ^vvcvtyai T€ tg> yvvaiw

ty)v Xe^Pa Kai %vvelvcu 6 tl elrj' lepovTai Be dpa tjj

ÂcftpoBiTTj 'IvBrj TOiavTi], zeal TiKTeTai 777 6ew yvvrj

TroiiciXr), Kaddirep 6 'A77V9 AlyvirTiois.

IV

cap. 'JLvTevOev (pacriv virepftaXelv tov Kavrcdo-ov to

KCLTdTelvov €9 T7)v 'EpvOpav QakaGGCLV, elvai Be

clvto %vvr)pe<f>e<$ iBais dpco/jLaTcov. tovs fxev Br)

TTpWVCLS TOV OpOVS TO KlwdflCO/JLOV <f)ep€iv, TTpoaeoi-

tcevai Be avib veow KXrjfiaai, ftdaavov Be tov

apw/xaTO^ ttjv alya elvar Kivva/jLoj/jLov yap et t*9

alyl opeêie, Kvv^rjaeTai 7r/)09 tt)v %et/?a, Kaddirepkvcov, diubvTi T€ ofiapTrjO'ei tt]v plva €9 a\)TO

epelaao-a, kclv 6 aiiroXo? dirdyrj, Oprjvrjo-ei KaOdirepXcotov d7roo~7ra)fjL€vr). ev Be T0£9 Kprjfivols tov

236


draught potent against disease and so wholesome, chap.

will he not be much more likely to imbibe it himself,"

and take a drink out of this horn every day even at

the risk of intoxication? For no one, I conceive,

would blame him for exceeding in such cups."

Ill

At this place they say that they also fell in with chap.

a woman who was black from her head to her bosom,ni

but was altogether white from her bosom down to ^p^ld

her feet;and the rest of the party fled from her

believing her to be a monster, but Apollonius claspedthe woman by the hand and understood what she

was ; for in fact such a woman in India is consecrated

to Aphrodite, and a woman is born piebald in honour

of this goddess, just as is Apis among the Egyptians.

IV

They say that from this point they crossed the chap.

part of the Caucasus which stretches down to the

Red Sea ;and this range is thickly overgrown with cinnamon

aromatic shrubs. The spurs then of the mountain ^asusbear the cinnamon tree, which resembles the youngtendrils of the vine, and the goat gives sure indication

of this aromatic shrub ;for if you hold out a bit of

cinnamon to a goat, she will whine and whimper after

your hand like a dog, and will follow you when you

go away, pressing her nose against it ; and if the goat-herd drags her away, she will moan as if she were

being torn away from the lotus. But on the steeps of •

237

cap. opovs XLfiavol le vyfrrjXol 7T6(j)v/caai /cal iroWa, elBrj

eiepa, Hal la BevBpa at TreirepiBes, &v yewpyol

ttlOtj/coc, /cal ovBe a> et/cacriai iovio, irapeliai

(Tcpiaiv, ov Be elpt]iai ipbirov, eyco SrjXcoaco' ib

BivBpov f) ireirepis ettcaarai, fiev ia> Trap' "'EtWrjaiv

dyvco id le a\\a /cal ibv /copvpbftov iov Kapirov,

(pveiai Be ev Tot? diroiopuois ov/c ecpi/cibs to£?

dvOpcoirois, ov \eyeiac iriOrf/ccov ol/ceiv Brjfios ev

p,v)(ol<; iov opovs /cal 6 it aviov /cotXov, 01)9 iroX-

Xov d£lov<; ol 'IvBol vopLL&vies, eireiBrj 10 ireirepi

diroipvycbai, tou? Xeovias dif avi&v epv/covai /cval

re /cal oirXois. eirniOeiai Be 7Ti0rj/cqy Xeeov voawv

fjuev virep <f>apjid/cov, irjv yap vbaov aviw id /cpea

"layei lavia, yeyrjpa/ccos Be virep aiiov, it)<; yap icov

eXd(j)oov /cal crvoov 0/jpas etjoopoi yeyovoies tol»9 iri-

Orjicovs Xa(j> veraovaiv 6? iovio ^pco/jievoi if} Xoiirfj

pCO/JLT).OV /jL7)V 01 av6p(DTTOl TTEplOp&GlV, CtXX? €V€p-

yeias rjyov/ievoi id drjpla lavia irpbs iov$ Xeovias

virep avioov alxfirjv alpoviai. id yap irpanbp,eva

irepl Ta? ireirepcBas eoBe e^er irpoo-eXOovies oV\vBol

Tot? /cdico BevBpeai,ibv Kapirov cnroOepiaavies, aXcos

iroiovviai [AiKpas irepl id BevBpa, /cal 10 ireirepi irepl

avid? ^vfMcpopovacv olov piiriovvies, &>? dupbov nkoX p/r\ ev airovBfj 101s avOpcoirois, ol Be avcodev ical

€K io)V aftdioov acpecopa/coies lavia, WKibf yevo-

puevrjf; viroKpivoviai 10 icov 'IvBoov epyov, /cal tou<?

fioaipvxovS T&v BevBpcov Trepiaircovies piiriovai

238


CHAP,this mountain there grow very lofty frankincense Iv

trees, as well as many other species, for example the The pepper

pepper trees which are cultivated by the apes. Nor tree

did they neglect to record the look and appearanceof this tree, and I will repeat exactly their accountof it. The pepper tree resembles in general thewillow of the Greeks, and particularly in regard to the

Its fruifc

berry of the fruit;and it grows in steep ravines procured

where it cannot be got at by men, and where a the ape«by

community of apes is said to live in the recesses of

the mountain and in any of its glens ;and these apes

are held in great esteem by the Indians, because theyharvest the pepper for them, and they drive the lions

off them with dogs and weapons. For the lion, whenhe is sick, attacks the ape in order to get a remedy,for the flesh of the ape stays the course of his

disease ;and he attacks it when he is grown old to

get a meal, for the lions when they are past huntingstags and wild boars gobble up the apes, and husbandfor their pursuit whatever strength they have left.

The inhabitants of the country, however, are not

disposed to allow this, because they regard theseanimals as their benefactors, and so make war againstthe lions in behalf of them. For this is the way theygo to work in collecting the pepper ; the Indians goup to the lower trees and pluck off the fruit, and

they make little round shallow pits around the trees,into which they collect the pepper, carelessly tossingit in, as if it had no value and was of no serious use

to mankind. Then the monkeys mark their actions

from above out of their fastnesses, and when the

night comes on they imitate the action of the Indians,and twisting off the twigs of the trees, they bringand throw them into the pits in question ;

then the

239

cap.<f)epovT€<i 69 Ta? aXcos, ol 'IvBol Be dp,a rj/Mpa acop-ol»? avaipovvrai tov apcbfiaros ovBe Trovrfaavres

ovBev, dXXa pdOvpuot re teal /cadevBovTes.

'TirepdpavTe^ Be tov 6pov<s ireBiov IBelv cpacric^p- Xelov KaraTeT/jLrjfjbivov 69 rdeppov? TrXrjpeLs vBaTos.

elvai Be avTcov T<Z9 fiev eiriKapalov^, t«9 Be opOds,

Btrjy/jLevas etc tov iroTapiov tov Ydyyov, r^9 T€

yd>pa<$ opia ovcras, to?9 Te TreBiois eTrayofjuevas,

07TOT6 rj yr) Bi^cpy). ttjv Be yrjv TavTrjv dpiGTiqv

cpaal Tr}<i 'IvBi/crj^ elvai /cal pueyicrT7)v tcov e/cel

Xrj^ecov, TrevTe/calBe/ca r)fxepcov 6Bov firj/cos iirl tov

Ydyyrjv, o/cTco/caiBe/ca Be diro OaXdacrrjs eirl to

TCOV 7TL07]/CCOV 0/909, CO tjv/jLTTCXpaTeLVei. 7T6§ta9 ITOLCTa

7) xebpa ixekaivd Te /cal nrdvTcov evepopos. IBelv

p,ev yap ev ai/Trj cTTayyas dveaTCOTas, oorov ol

Bova/ces, IBelv Be /cva/iovs TpnrXaalow; tcov Al-

yviTTicov to /jbeyeOos, arjcra/Jiov T€ teal /cey%pov

virepcpva iravTa. evTavOa ical to, icdpva cpveaOat

cpacrcv, cov 7roWci Trpos lepols dva/celcrOat, rofc

Bevpo OavpiaTos eve/ca. to-9 Be dpLTreXovs cpveaOai

\xev /M/cpds, /caOdirep al AvBcov T€ teal ^Aaibvcov,

TTOTifjiovs Be elvai /cal dvOoapbias 6/jlov tco diro-

Tpvydv. evTavQa /cal BevBpco cpaalv evTeTV)(r)icevai

TrpoaeoiKOTL ttj Bdcf)vr), cf)veadai Be avTOv /cd\v/ca

el/caa/Jbevrjv ttj fieyicTTr) poa, /cal purjXov ey/celaOai

T7) /cdXv/a Kvdveov p,ev, coairep tcov va/clvOcov

al /cdXv/ces, irdvTcov Be t/Blcttov, oirocra e% copcov

7]/C€C.

240

Ind


dians at daybreak carry away the heaps of the chap.

spice which they have thus got without any trouble,IV

and indeed during the repose of slumber.

V

After crossing the top of the mountain, they say chap.

they saw a smooth plain seamed with cuts and v

ditches full of water, some of which were carried'rh

.

e, .

5\i n t -, irrigated

crosswise, whilst others were straight ; these are plain of

derived from the river Ganges, and serve both forthe Ganges

boundaries, and also are distributed over the plain,when the soil is dry. But they say that this soil is

the best in India, and constitutes the greatest of the

territorial divisions of that country, extending in

length towards the Ganges a journey of fifteen daysand of eighteen from the sea to the mountain of the

apes along which it skirts. The whole soil of the

plain is black and fertile of everything ;for you can

see on it standing corn as high as reeds, and you canalso see beans three times as large as the Egyptiankind, as well as sesame and millet of enormous size.

And they say that nuts also grow there, of which

many are treasured up in our temples here as objectsof curiosity. But the vines which grow there are

small, like those of the Lydians and Maeones; their

vintage however is not only drinkable, but has a fine

bouquet from the first. They also say that theycame upon a tree there resembling the laurel, uponwhich there grew a cup or husk resembling a very

large pomegranate ;and inside the cup there was a

kernel as blue as the cups of the hyacinth, but

sweeter to the taste than any of the fruits the

seasons bring.

241

VI

VIcap. KaraftaivovTes Be rb opos Bpa/c6vT(ov Orjpa,

irepiTvyelv (paai, irepl 97? dvdy/cr) Xe^ai' /cal yapafyoBpa evrjOes virep fiev tov Xaycb /cal ott(o<; dXl-

a/ceTai /cat aXoicreTai, ttoXXcl elpr)a6ai -rot? e'9

(ppovriBa fiaXXojJbevoLS ravra, 97/z.a? Be irapeXOelv

Xoyov yevvaias re. ical Baipuovlov Orjpas firjBe tw

dvBpl 7rapaXeL(p0€VTa, e? bv ravra eypayjra' Bpa-kovtcov fiev yap Br) direlpoi^ /irj/ceo-t, Kare^coaraLTrdaa r) 'IvBi/cr) %<£pa /cal fieara fiev avrcov eXrj,

jxeGTa Be oprj, /cevbs Be ovBels Xocf)o<;. ol fiev Br)

eXeioi v(o6poi re elai /cal TpLa/covTairrj^v fir)/cos

eypvai, /cal /cpdvos avrois ov/c dvecrrrj/cev, dXX*

elal rats Bpa/calvais ofioioi, fieXaves Be l/cavcj<; tov

vcotov koX rjTTOV (poXiBcoTol twv aXXcov. teal

aocpcorepov rjiTTat tov Xoyov rrepl avTOiv "Ofirjpos

t) ol ttoXXoI TTOirjTaL, tov yap Bpd/covTa tov ev

AvXlBl tov 7T/0O9 Trj Trrjyf) olfcovvra irepl vcora

Bacpoivbv etprj/cev, ol Be aXXoi iroiriral tov bfiorjdr)

tovtw tov ev to) t% *

Ne/^ea? aXo-ei (j>aal teal

Xo(j>iav eyeiv, oirep ov/c av irepl tov? eXelov<;

evpoifiev.

VII

cap. Ol Be V7rb tcl? vTrcopeias T€ /cal tqu? XocpovsXevTai fiev e'9 to, ireBia eirl drjpq, TrXeove/CTOvai Be twveXelcov irdvTa, /cal yap e'? irXeov tov firj/cov<; iXav-

vovac, ical TayyTepoi t&v o^VTaTcov TroTa/iwv

(j>epovTai, /cal Bia<pevyet avTOv<; ovBev tovtols /cal

242


VI

Now as they descended the mountain, they say chap.

they came in for a dragon hunt, which I must needs]

describe. For it is utterly absurd for those who are sorts^of

6™

amateurs of hare-hunting to spin yarns about theJ™[f

on in

hare, as to how it is caught or ought to be caught,and yet that we should omit to describe a chase as

bold as it is wonderful, and in which the sage wascareful to assist

;so 1 have written the following-

account of it : The whole of India is girt with

dragons of enormous size ;for not only the marshes

are full of them, but the mountains as well, and there

is not a single ridge without one. Now the marshkind are sluggish in their habits and are thirty cubits

long, and they have no crest standing up on their

heads, but in this respect resemble the she-dragons.Their backs however are very black, with fewerscales on them than the other kinds

;and Homer Mad n. 308

has described them with deeper insight than havemost poets, for he says that the dragon that lived

hard by the spring in Aulis had a tawny back ;but

other poets declare that the congener of this one in

the grove of Nemea also had a crest, a feature whichwe could not verify in regard to the marsh dragons.

VII

And the dragons along the foothills and the chap.

mountain crests make their way into the plains aftervn

their quarry, and prey upon all the creatures in

the marshes ; for indeed they reach an extreme

length, and move faster than the swiftest rivers, so

243

r 2

cap.Xo<f>id (frveTcu, veois fjiev viraviGôvaa rb puerpiov,

reXeiovp,evoL$ Be avvavâvofievrj re /cal avvavLOixra

e? iroXv, ore Br) irvpaoi re /ecu rrpiovoarol ylyvovrai.ovroi /cal yeveidcr/covai /cal rbv avyeva vyfrov

alpovai, /cal rr)v (fzoXiBa arlXôvai Bl/ctjv dpyvpov,at Be ra)v 6(j}0a\/jLO)v tcbpai Xl6o<; earl Bidrrvpos,

layby 8* avrcov d^yavov elvai (fraatv e? rroXXa

to)v drrodercov. yiyverat Be rots drjpaxriv 6 7re8ivb<;

evprjfjua, enreiBdv ra>v eXefaivrcov rivd eVtarrda rjrat,

rovrl yap drroXXvaivd/jL(f)(o

rd Orjpia. /cat /cepBos

rots eXovai Bpd/covras bcpOaXpuoi re ylyvovrai /cal

Bopd /cal oBovres. elal Be rd /juev dXXa ojaoloi

rots T(bv /Aeylarcov avcov, Xerrrbrepoi Be Kal Bid-

arpo<f>oi /cal rr)v aly\xy)v drparrot, /caOdrrep ol tojp

fieydXcov lyOvcov.

VIII

cap. Ol Be opeioi Bpd/covres rr)v fxlv (fioXcBa ypvaot

cfraivovrat, rb Be fjbfj/cos vrrep tow? rreBtvovs, yeveta

Be avTois ôarpvycoBy, ypvaa /cd/celva, /cai /carco-

(ppvcovrai fxdXXov i) ol rreBtvoi, 6/x/xa re V7ro/cd0r)rat

rrj ocppvt Betvbv /cal dvatBes BeBop/cos, vrroyaX/cov re

rjyco (pepovatv, eiretBdv rfj yfj vrro/cvfjiaivcoaiv, drrb

Be roiv X6<f>cov rrvpa&v ovrcov rrvp avroU arret.

Xa/JLiraBLov rrXeov. ovrot Kal tou? eXecpavras

alpovatv, avrol Be vtto rS>v 'IvB&v ovrcos dXt,-

244


that nothing escapes them. These actually have a chap.

crest, of moderate extent and height when they arevtI

young ; but as they reach their full size, it growswith them and extends to a considerable height, at

which time also they turn red and get serrated

backs. This kind also have beards, and lift their

necks on high, while their scales glitter like silver; Their eyes

and the pupils of their eves consist of a fiery stone,cont»*n

** * 111vsticand they say that this has an uncanny power for gems

many secret purposes. The plain specimen* falls

the prize of the hunters whenever it draws uponitself an elephant ; for the destruction of bothcreatures is the result, and those who capturethe dragons are rewarded by getting^ the eyes andskin and teeth. In most respects they resemble the

largest swine, but they are slighter in build and

flexible, and they have teeth as sharp and indestruct-

ible as those of the largest fishes.

VIII

Now the dragons of the mountains have scales of chap

a golden colour, and in length excel those of the

plain, and they have bushy beards, which also are of catching

a golden hue ; and their eyebrows are more prominent ^JTm^ansthan those of the plain, and their eye is sunk deep of spells

under the eyebrow, and emits a terrible and ruthless

glance. And they give off a noise like the clashingof brass whenever they are burrowing under the

earth, and from their crests, which are all fiery red,there flashes a fire brighter than a torch. Theyalso can catch the elephants, though they are

themselves caught by the Indians in the following

245

cap. a/eovrar KOK/cofiacpei rrerrXw ^pvaa iveipavresVIII , //j \ „

L„ t, , f

ypa/jufjiara rwevrai rrpo T779 %em9 wkvov, eyyorjrev-

cravres to?9 ypdfifiaatv, v<p' ov vi/carai tou?

6<p6aXfjbov^ 6 Bpdfccov drpenrrov^ ovras, ical 7roXXd

t»}? airopprjTOV cro<pias iir avrbv aBovcriv, ol?

ayeral re ical rbv av%eva vrrep/3aXa)v rfjs êuaîiracadevBei rots ypd/jL/jLaar irpoaireo-ovres ovv oi

'IvBol K€i/JL€V(p TreXeiceis ivapdrrovai, ical rrjv

ice<paXr)v dirore/JLOvre^ Xyôvrai ras iv avrfj XiOovs.

diroKeladai Be (pacriv iv rals rwv opeicov Bpaxovrcov

/cecpaXals Xudovs rb /xev elBos dvdrjpas ical rrdvra

diravyaôvcra^ ^pco/iara, rrjv Be la^vv dpprjrovsKara rbv Ba/crvXiov, ov yeveaOai <paal rq> Tvyrj.

7roXXdfci<; Be ical rbv 'IvBbv avrw ireXeicei ical avrfj

re^yrj avXXaficbv e? rrjv avrov yeidv (pepcov cp-êro,

/jlovovov aeiwv rb opos. ovroi teal ra oprj rd irepi

rrjv 'ILpvOpdv olfcetv Xeyovrai, Gvpiyjia Be Beivov

(paaiv dtcoveadai rovrcov, teal Karibvra^ avrov<; irrl

rrjv OdXarrav irXelv irrl ttoXv rod ireXdyovs. rrepl

Be erS)v fjurj/covs rod drjpiov rovrov yvcovaC re

drropov ical eirrelv drnarov. roaavra rrepl Bpaicov-

rcov 618a.

IX

c'^p -

Trjv Be ttoXlv rrjv virb ra> opei /jueyicrrrjv ovaav

<paal fiev tcaXeladai Udpa/ca, Bpaicovrcov Be dvaicel-

o~0ai icecpaXds iv pear) rrXeiaras, yv/xvaô/jLevcov

roiv iv iiceivrj 'IvBwv rrjv Orjpav ravrrjv iic vewv.

246

LIFE OF APOLLON1US, BOOK III

manner. They embroider golden runes on a scarlet chap

cloak, which they lay in front of the animal's burrow vin

after charming them to sleep with the runes;for this

is the only way to overcome the eyes of the dragon,which are otherwise inflexible, and much mysteri-ous lore is sung by them to overcome him. Theserunes induce the dragon to stretch his neck out of

his burrow and fall asleep over them : then the

Indians fall upon him as he lies there, and despatchhim with blows of their axes, and having cut off the

head they despoil it of its gems. And they say that

in the heads of the mountain dragons there are

stored away stones of flowery colour, which flash out all

kinds of hues, and possess a mystical power if set in a

ring, like that which they say belonged to Gyges. Butoften the Indian, in spite of his axe and his cunning,is caught by the dragon, who carries him off into his

burrow, and almost shakes the mountains as he'

disappears. These are also said to inhabit the

mountains in the neighbourhood of the Red Sea, and

they say that they heard them hissing terribly andthat they saw them go down to the shore and swimfar out into the sea. It was impossible however to

ascertain the number of years that this creature lives,

nor would my statements be believed. This is all I

know about dragons.

IX

They tell us that the city under the mountain is chapof great size and is called Parax, and that in the 1X

centre of it are stored up a great many heads of Paraxy

dragons, for the Indians who inhabit it are trained

from their boyhood in this form of sport. And they

247

cap Xeyovrai Be kcl\ ^wwv ^vvtevai (pOeyyopuevcov re teal

IXfiovXevopuevcov, (TiTOVfievoi SpaKovros ol /jl€v KapBiav,ol Be rjirap. irpolovres Be avXov fiev aieovacu Boâi

vo/juecos Br} twos dyeXrjv t&ttovtos, eXdcfrovs Be apafiovKoXelaOai \evfcds, ajmeXyovai Be 'IvBol ravras

evrpafyes rjyovpbevoi to air avr&v ydXa.

cap. 'J&vrevdev rj/juepcov rerrdprav 6Bbv iropevofievoi Btx

evBaifJbovos Kal evepyov rrj<; ^copas irpoaeXOelv

cf>aaL rfj rcov aotywv rvpaec. top Be r)yepubva

/ceXevaavra avvoKXdaac rr)v KapiyXov diroiT7]Br]Gai

avTTjS irepiBea Kal IBpooros irXewv. rbv Be ÂttoX-

Xgoviov %vveivai puev ov tjkol, yeXdaavra Be eirl twrod 'IvBov Beei,

"Bofcei /jloi," (jidvai,

"ovtos, el Kal

KareirXevGev €? Xipêva fiaKpov ri dvap,erprjaa<;

ireXayos, dÔecrOrjvai av rfj yfj Kal Belaai to ev

opjjucp elvai." Kal djxa elnrcbv ravra irpoaerate rfj

KafiijXa) avvL^rjaat, Kal yap Br) Kal eOds Xonrbv r/v

tmv toiovtcov, 7repl(f)o/3ov Be apa eirolei rbv r)yep,6vato irXrialov tcov cro<f)cbv iJKeiv, 'IvBol yap BeBlaai

tovtovs fiaXXov rj rbv a(j)cop avrcov ftaaiXea, onKal fiaaLXevs avros, vfi oS eariv r) ywpa, irepl

irdvrcov, a XeKrea re avra> Kal irpaKrea, epwrarovaBe Tou? avBpas, oaairep ol e? Oeov irepuirovres,

ol Be o-rjpLalvovcri, pAv, o ri Xa>ov avrw irpdrreiv, o

Ti Be pur) Xwov, dirayopevovai re Kal diro-

o~r)pLaivovo~i.

248


are also said to acquire an understanding of the chap.

language and ideas of animals by feeding either on IX

the heart or the liver of the dragon.And as they advanced they thought they heard

the pipe of some shepherd marshalling his flock, but it

turned out to be a man looking after a herd of white

hinds, for the Indians use these for milking, andfind their milk very nutritious.

From this point their road led for four days chap.

across a rich and well cultivated country, till theyx

approached the castle of the sages, when their guide Stages.bade his camel crouch down, and leapt off it in such Terror of

an agony of fear that he was bathed in perspiration.

Apollonius however quite understood where he wascome to, and smiling at the panic of the Indian, said :

" It seems to me that this fellow, were he a marinerwho had reached harbour after a long sea voyage,would worry at being on land and tremble at beingin dock." And as he said this he ordered his camelto kneel down, for indeed he was by now well

accustomed to do so. And it seems that what scared

the guide so much was that he was now close to the

sages ;for the Indians fear these people more than

they do their own king, because the very king to

whom the land is subject consults them about every-

thing that he has to say or do, just as people whosend to an oracle of a god ;

and the sages indicate to

him what it is expedient for him to do, and what is

inexpedient, and dissuade and warn him off with

signs.

249

XI

cap K.ara\v(T€LV Be fieWovTes ev rfj /cco/jlt) 777 ir\rj-

crlov—direyei Be tov 6^6ov tcov aocpwv ovirto <rrd-

Biov—IBelv $>acri veaviav Bpo/mw TjKOvra, fieXavrarov'IvBwv Trdvrcov, vTrocrTiXfteiv Be clvtco ^voetBo)^ to

/jL6(r6<f>pvov. tovtI Be a/covco %p6voi<$ varepov kcl\

irepl M.evo)va tov 'HpcoBov tov o-o^lottov Tp6(j>i/j,ov,

air Al6co7T(ov Be rjv, ev lAeipaKifp B6%ai, irpoiovTOS

Be 69 avBpas itcXLirelv Trjv avyrjv TavTr/v /ecu crvva-

<f>avL0~6r)vai Ttj cbpa, tov Be 'IvBbv yjpvo-Y)v }iev

<f>epeiv (paalv aytcvpav, rjv vofxlôvaiv 'lvBol Krjpv-

tcecov eirl tg> irdvTa tvêiv.

XII

cav-UpoaBpafiovTa Be to> \

'

AiroXXcovitp (j)(ovfj

f

E\-

XdBi Trpocrenrelv avTov, kcl\ tovto jiev ovirco

OavfjbaaTov Boât Bed to kcli tov<$ ev ttj Kcofirf

ttclvtcls diro 'JLXXtfvcov <f>6eyyeaOai, to Be"

6

Belva Xa^Pe"

T0^ ^v d\Xoi<; irapaaêlv eic-

7t\t}^lv, tS> Be dvBpl Odpo-os vwep cav afa/CTo,

/SXei/ra? yap e? tov Adfiiv,"irapd avBpas" e(f)rj,

"ao<f>ov$ aTe^yo)^ rjKO/xev, iol/cao-i yap irpoyiyvw-

a/ceiv" zeal d\xa rjpeTO tov 'IvBov, 6 tl %pr)

TrpaTTeiv, TTodcov rjBrj rr)V %vvovaiav, 6 Be 'I^So?,

250


XI

And they were about to halt in the neighbouring chap.

village, which is hardly distant a single stade from XI

the eminence occupied by the sages, when they sawmessenger

a youth run up to them, the blackest Indian theyof the sages

ever saw ;and between his eyebrows was a crescent-

shaped spot which shone brightly. But I learn that

at a later time the same feature was remarked in the

case of Menon the pupil of Herod the Sophist, whowas an Ethiop ;

it showed while he was a youth, but

as he grew up to man's estate its splendour wanedand finally disappeared with his youth. But the

Indian also wore, they say, a golden anchor, whichis affected by Indians as a herald's badge, because it

holds all things fast.

XII

Then he ran up to Apollonius and addressed chap.

him in the Greek tongue ;and so far this did xn

not seem so remarkable, because all the inhabi-

tants of the village spoke the Greek tongue. But

when he addressed him by name and said " Hail

so and so,", the rest of the party were filled

with astonishment, though our sage only felt the

more confidence in his mission : for he looked

to Damis and said :" We have reached men who

are unfeignedly wise, for they seem to have the

gift of foreknowledge." And he at once asked

the Indian what he must do, because he was already

eager for an interview : and the Indian replied :

251

cap. "tovtovs ybkvT fy7

)'

" fcaraXveiv ftpr) evravOa, ae

Be i]/c€iv ft)? e^€£<?, tceXevovac yap avroir

XIII

cap. To fxev Brj avrol Uvdoyopeiov rjBrj tw'

A.iroXXwvlw

e^dvrj, teal r)/coXovdeL yaipwv.Tbv Be o^Oov, e</)'

ov ol acxpol avcpKicr/juevoi elcriv,

in/ro? fiev elvai Kara rrjv'AOrjvaicov (j)aalv aKpoiro-

Xiv, avicrraadai Be e/c ireBiov avw, evefrvci Be 6/jlolo)s

irerpav 6%vpovv avrbv kvkXco irepirjKovaav, r)<;

iroXXa^ov Bi^rfXa opaaOat Xyyr) ical yeveidBcov

tvttovs teal irpoacoTTCOv Kai ttov teal vcora IBelv

airwiXicrOrjtcoaiv ofioia, rbv yap Atovvaov, ore i;vv

'Hpa/cXei aireireiparo rov yj&piov, TTpoafiaXelv*

fiev avTaat tceXevo-ai tou? Ucivas, &>9 7r/>o? rbv

o-eicrfibv iicavovs, €{i/3povTr)@ei>Ta<; Be avrovs virb

tmv ao(j)(ov ireaelv aXXov aXXcos, ical to? ire r

rpa<$

olov evTV7ra)6rjvai ra rr)<; Biap,ap7ia<$ a^fiara.

irepl Be tg) o%0a> vecpeXrjv IBelv fyaaiv, evfj tou?

'Iz/Sou? olfcelv (pavepovs re ical d(f)avel<; ical 6 ti

ffovXovrac. irvXas Be el fjbev /cal aXXas elvai r<p

o%6g), ov/c elBevai. to yap irepl avrbv vetfios ovre

aKXeLo~T(p ^vy^wpelv ovr av ^vy/ceicXeiGiievw

<f)a[v€(T0ai.

252


ff Your party must halt here, but you must come on chap.

just as you are, for the Masters themselves issue thisxn

command."

XIII

The word Masters at once had a Pythagorean ring chapfor the ears of Apollonius and he gladly followed the xm

messenger.Now the hill the summit of which is inhabited by Situation

the sages is, according to the account of our c^tie

travellers, of about the same height as the Acropolisof Athens

;and it rises straight up from the plain,

though its natural position equally secures it from

attack, for the rock surrounds it on all sides. Onmany parts of this rock you see traces of cloven feet

and outlines of beards and of faces, and here andthere impressions of backs as of persons who had sliptand rolled down. For they say that Dionysus, whenhe was trying to storm the place together with Her-

cules, ordered the Pans to attack it, thinking that theywould be strong enough totake it by assault; but theywere thunderstruck bythe sages and fell one, one way,and another, another; and the rocks as it were took the

print of the various postures in which they fell andfailed. And they say that they saw a cloud floatinground the eminence on which the Indians live andrender themselves visible or invisible at will.

Whether there were any other gates to the eminence

they say they did not know;for the cloud around it

did not anywhere allow them to be seen, whetherthere was an opening in the rampart, or whetheron the other hand it was a close-shut fortress.

253

XIV

cap. Auto? Be avafirjvai fiev Kara to votiov fiaXiaratov oydov T& 'lvBa> eirofxevos, IBelv Be irpcorov fJLev

(ppeap opyviwv rerrdpcov, ov tt)v avyrjv eVl to

GTopnov avaire/jbireadai KvavooTaTriv ovaav, teal

07t6t€ T) fjL€0-7)JJL/3pia TOV rjXlOV GTCLir) 7T€pl CLVTO,

avifjuaadai ttjv avyrjv airo ttjs dfCTtvo? /ecu ywpelvav(o irapeyopjkvriv elBos deppbr)^ tpiBos. fiaOelv he

vGTepov 7repl tov (ppectTOS, &)? aavBapaKivi) piev

ecrj rj vir ai)Tw yi), diroppyiTOV Be to vBcop rjyolvTO,

iced ovt€ ttivoi Tt? clvto ovTe dvaaTrwr), op/ciov

Be vofxiôiTO Trj irepi^ 'IvBi/cfj Trdarj. wXijaiovBe tovtov KpaTTjpa etvai irvpos, ov <f>Xoya dva7refi-

ireadai /jboXvffBcoBr], Kcnrvov Be ovBeva air avTrj^

aTTeiv, ovBe 6o~jj,r)v ovBe/JLiav, ovBe vTrepyyQr\vaiiroTe 6 tcpaTr)p ovtos, dXX! dvaBiBoaOaL ToaovTos,

w? p,rj vTrepfiXvaat, tov fBoOpov. evTavOa "\vBol

KctQaipovTai tcov dtcovo-lcov, oQev ol o~o<f>ol to fiev

<f>peap eXeyôv kclXovctl, to Be irvp £vyyv(*)/jLr)<;. ical

Bltto) eoopa/cevcu (petal iridoo XiOov jjueXavos o/ju^pcov

Te /ecu dvepucov ovtc. 6 fxev Br] t6)v ofiftpcov, el

av^/jL& 7) ^YvBuct) TrieôLTO, dvoiÔel^ vecpeXas

dvcnrepnrei kcli vypaivei ttjv yrjv iraaav, el Be

ofiftpoL irXeove/cTolev, to~Xet avr0^ %vyKXei6{ievo<;,

6 Be tcov dve/ucov 7rl6o<; tclvtov, oI/ulcu, tco tov

AloXov da/cq> irpcLTTei, irapavoiyvvvTe^ yap tov

ttlOov eva twv dvkjxwv dviaatv epnrvelv eopa,

254


XIV

Apollonius says that he himself ascended mostly °xi^P '

on the south side of the ridge, following the Indian, The weUand that the first thing he saw was a well four of testing

fathoms deep, above the mouth of which there rose a

sheen of deep blue light ;and at midday when the

sun was stationary about it, the sheen of light was

always drawn up on high by the rays, and in its

ascent assumed the look of a glowing rainbow. Buthe learnt afterwards that the soil underneath the

well was composed of realgar, but that they regardedthe water as holy and mysterious, and no one either

drank it or drew it up, but it was regarded by the

whole land of India all around as binding in oaths.

And near this there was a crater, he says, of fire,

which sent up a lead-coloured flame, though it

emitted no smoke or any smell, nor did this crater

ever overflow, but emitted just matter enough not to

bubble over the edges of the pit. It is here that

the Indians purify themselves of involuntary sins,

wherefore the sages call the well, the well of testing,and the fire, the fire of pardon. And they say that The jars of

windrain

3]S

they saw there two jars of black stone, of the rains wand of the winds respectively. The jar of the rains,

they say, is opened in case the land of India is

suffering from drought, and sends up clouds to

moisten the whole country ; but if the rains should

be in excess they are stopped by the jar being shut

up. But the jar of the winds plays, I imagine, the

same role as the bag of Aeolus : for when they openthis jar ever so little, they let out one of the winds,which creates a seasonable breeze by which the

255

cap. Kavrevdevr) yr) eppwrai. Oecov Be dydX/xaacv

evTV%elv (fiacriv, el fjuev *\vBol$ r) Alyv7TTLOLs,

Oavfjua ovBev, tcl Be ye dpyaioTaTa tcov Trap*

"EiWrjcri, to re t>}? 'AOrjvas rrjs UoXcdBos ical to

tov 'AiroWcovos tov ArjXuov teal to tov Aiovvcrov

tov Aifivaiov ical to tov 'Afiv/cXaiov, kcli oiroaa

a)Be dpyala, tclvtcl IBpveaOai re tovs 'Iz/8oi>9

tovtovs ical vopiêiv *lLX\.r)VLicol<> rjOeai, (f>aal &oltcelv tcl fieaa -7-779 'IvBiicrjs. ical top oydov bfxâ-\6v TTOLOVVTCLL TOV \6<j)OV TOVTOV, TTVp T€ €7T CLVTOV

opyidôvaiv, o (fiacnv etc t&v tov rfkiov dicTivcov

avTol eXtcecv tovtm ical tov vp,vov rjfiepav diraaav

e? tieariiAfipiav aBovaLv.

XV

cap. 'Qiroloi aev Br) ical oi avBpes teal O7reo9 olkovvtcsxv

tov oÔov, avTOS 6 dvrjp BUlo-lv ev fjua yap twv

7T/309 AlyVTTTLOVS 6/JLlXlCOV,"elBoV," (f>r)CTLV,

"'IvBoVS

Ifipaxfiavas olxovvTas errl 7-779 yr}<; ical ovk eir

avTr)s, ical CLTei'yio'Ttos TeTeL^Lafxevov^, ical ovBev

Ke/CTTjfievovs rj tcl TrdvTcov" TavTl Be eiceivos fiev

aocjxoTepov eypayjrev, 6 Be ye Aa/if? <f>r)o-l âfievvLa

fiev avTO\><; xpr)o~6aL, ttjv yrjv Be viroaTpwvvvvai

7roa9, a9 av avTol alp&vTai, ical fiei ecopoiropovvTas

Br) IBelv diro 7-779 yr}<; e'9 7rr)^€L<; Bvo, ov OavfiaTO-

Tr.odas eve/ca, to yap <J)i\6tl/jLOvtovto irapaiTelaOac

256


country is refreshed. And they say that they came chap.

upon statues of Gods, and they were not nearly so XIV

much astonished at finding Indian or Egyptian Gods as Satuos of

they were by finding the most ancient of the Greek the Gods

Gods, a statue of Athene Polias and of Apollo of byth«PP

Delos and of Dionysus of Limnae and another of himof Amyclae, and others of similar age. These wereset up by these Indians and worshipped with Greekrites. And they say that they are met with in the heart

of India. Now they regard the summit of this hill as

the navel of the earth, and on it they worship fire with

mysterious rites, deriving the fire, according to their

own account, from the rays of the sun ;and to the

Sun they sing a hymn every day at midday.

XV

Apollonius himself describes the character of these chap.

sages and of their settlement upon the hill;for in

xv

one of his addresses to the Egyptians he says, f

e

the"

I saw Indian Brahmans living upon the earth Sa#es

and yet not on it, and fortified without fortific-

ations, and possessing nothing, yet having the

riches of all men." He may indeed be thoughtto have here written with too much subtlety ;

but we have anyhow the account of Damis to

the effect that they made a practice of sleepingon the ground, and that they strewed the groundwith such grass as they might themselves prefer;

and, what is more, he says that he saw them

levitating themselves two cubits high from the

ground, not for the sake of miraculous display,for they disdain any such ambition ; but they

257

VOL. I. S

cap. toi>? avBpas, aXX' oirbaa tw 'HX/co ^vvairo-

ftcdvovres rf}<; yrjs BpcoaLV, a>9 irpoacjiopa tw Oea>

Trpdrrovra 1;. to 101 irvp, airo t% clktZvos

eTno-TTtoVTai, Kanoi acofiaToeiBes ov, ovre iirl {3(o/aov

icaieiv clvtovs ovre iv iirvols (pvXdrreiv, tt\V

wcnrep ra<; avyds, at &£ rfkiov re dva/cXayvrai koli

vBaros, ovrco pberecopov re opaaOai avrb ical

aaXevov iv tw aWepi. rov fiev ovv 8rjr/

H\iov virep

t&v (hpcov, a? iiriTpoirevei clvtos, Iv e? Kaipbv rfj

yfj l(DO~L KOI 7] 'IvBl/CT) €V TTpaTTTj, VVKTCOp Be

\iirapo\)Gi rr)v atcrcva fir) aÔeaOai ry vv/ctl,

/jueveiv Be, a>? xjtt avrcov ^X^V- tolovtov p,ev Brj

rov 'AttoWcovlov to " iv rfj yy re elvai toi>?

Bpa^yu-aâ? ical ov/c iv ry yy" to Be"areolatw<;

reieiyj'O p<evovs"

BrjXoi rov depa, v<f> a> tôsGiv,

viraiOpioi yap Botcovvres av\i%eo~dcu ataav re

vTrepaipovGiv avrotv, fcal vovtos ov ijre/cd£ovTai, ical

virb r& rfkiw elcriv, i7reiBav avrol ftovXcovrai. to

Be"

firjBev fceKTrjfievovs ra irdvTcav e%eiv"

a>Be 6

Aa/U9 i^tjyelrar irrjycd, oiroaai Tofc /3a/rô*?

irapa t?}? 7^? dvaOpcioaicovaiv, iweiBav 6 Aiovvcros

clvtoik; re ical rrjv yrjv o~eio~y, (poirwo-i ical to?9

'IvBol? tovtois eo~TL(D/j,evoi,<; re ical eomcjaiv

eltcoTcos ovv 6'

AttoWwvios toi>9 fJbrjBev fiev i/c

'jrapacr/cevrjs, auTocrêoYa)? Be, a fiovXovrcu, iropiô-

likvovs, exeiv, (ftrjatv,a fiy eyovaiv. tcofjuav Be

258


regard any rites they perform, in thus quitting earth (JHap.

and walking with the Sun, as acts of homagexv

acceptable to the God. Moreover, they neither burn Their

upon an altar nor keep in stoves the fire which|JJnifg£t

of

they extract from the sun's rays, although it is a

material fire; but like the rays of sunlight when they

are refracted in water, so this fire is seen raised aloft

in the air and dancing in the ether. And further

they pray to the Sun who governs the seasons

by his might, that the latter may succeed duly in

the land, so that India may prosper ;but of a night

they intreat the ray of light not to take the nightamiss, but to stay with them just as they have

brought it down. Such then was the meaning of

the phrase of Apollonius, that "the Brahmans are

upon earth and yet not upon earth." And his

phrase" fortified without fortifications or walls,"

refers to the air or vapour under which they bivouac,for though they seem to live in the open air, yet

they raise up a shadow and veil themselves in it, so

that they are not made wet when it rains and

they enjoy the sunlight whenever they choose.

And the phrase "without possessing anythingthey had the riches of all men," is thus explained byDamis : All the springs which the Bacchanals see Their water-

leaping Up from the ground under their feet,sPnn«8

>

whenever Dionysus stirs them and earth in a

common convulsion, spring up in plenty for these

Indians also when they are entertaining or beingentertained. Apollonius therefore was right in

saying that people provided as they are with all

they want offhand and without having prepared

anything, possess what they do not possess. And and

on principle they grow their hair long, as theC08 ume

2 59

s 2

cap. eiriT^Bevovaiv, S<77rep AateeBai/Jiovioi irdXat teal

®ovpioi TapavrcvoL re teal MrfXioi teal birbaoi^ raAateoovited rjv ev Xoyw^ pirpav re dvaBovvrai

XevKtjv, teal yv/ivbv avrols PaBio-fia teal ttjv ea-

Orjra ea^fiaTiôvro 7rapairXr)crL(o<; rats H;cd/jlicuv.

7) Be vXrj ttjs eaOiJTOS epiov avrocfrves r) yr) (frvei,

Xevtebv fiev oxrirep to TIap,(f)vX(0v, /jLaXateeorepov Be

TLterei, r) Be irifMeXr] ola eXaiov car avrov Xelêrac.tovto lepdv eo-Orjra iroiovwai teal el t*<? erepos

irapa tovs 'IvBovs tovtovs avaairwY) avro, ov

fieOierai f) yi) rov epiov. rrjv Be la^vv rov

BatcrvXCov teal t?)? pd/3Bov, a (f)opelv avrovs d/icpo),

BvvaaOai jxev irdvra, Bvco Be dpprjrca reri/jirjcrOai.

XVI

xvcap Ylpoaiovra Be rov

'

AttoXXqoviov ol p,ev aXXot

aoefrol irpoarjyovTO, dairaôfievot, ral<$ êpalv, 6 Be

'Iapâ? eteddrjro puev eirl BLfypov v^rrfKov—

%aXteovBe /jueXavos rjv teal TreTroLteiXro xpvaot? dydXpiaaiv,ol Be tmv dXXcov Bitypot yakteol fiev, darj/ioL Be

rjaav, vyjrrjXol Be tjttov, VTre/edOrjvro yap tw ^\dpya—rov Be'

AiroXXdiViov IBebv (pcovfj re rjo~7rdcraTO

'ILXXdBt teal ra rod 'IvBov ypd/ifiara drryrei.

OavfjudaavTos Be rov "AiroXXwvlov rr)v irpbyvwaivteal ypd/jL/xa ye ev e<pt] Xelireiv rfj eiriaroXy, BeXra

eliroav, TraprjXOe yap avrbv ypdcfeovra- teal eefravrj

260


Lacedaemonians did of old and the people of chap.

Thurium and Tarentum, as well as the Melians and xv

all who set store by the fashions of Sparta• and they

bind a white turban on their heads, and their feet are

naked for walking, and they cut their garmentsto resemble the exomis. 1 But the material of which

they make their raiment is a wool that springswild from the ground, white like that of the

Pamphylians, though it is of softer growth, and a

grease like olive oil distils from off it. This is what

they make their sacred vesture of, and if anyoneelse except these Indians tries to pluck it up, the

earth refuses to surrender its wool. And they all

carry- both a ring and a staff of which the peculiarvirtues can effect all things, and the one and the

other, so we learn, are prized as secrets.

XVI

When Apollonius approached, the rest of the chap.

sages welcomed him and shook hands ; but Iarchas. ,

sat down on a high stool—and this was of black first

copper and chased with golden figures, while the audience

seats of the others were of copper, but plain and not

so high, for they sat lower down than Iarchas—andwhen he saw Apollonius, Iarchas greeted him in the

Greek tongue and asked for the Indian's letter.

And as Apollonius showed astonishment at his

gift of prescience, he took pains to add that a singleletter was missing in the epistle, namely a delta,

which had escaped the writer;and this was found

1 An overmantle leaving one arm and shoulder bare.

Buddhist monks still wear a similar garment. The so-called

wool was asbestos.

261

cap. rovro <oBe e\ov. dvayvovs Be rrjv iiriaroXrjv,"7TW9," e<pr),

"a) 'AiroXXobvie, irepl tj/jlwv ^povelre"

"7TW5," elirev,

"rj co? Br/Xol to vfiwv eve/ca rj/ceiv fie

6B6v, TjV fl7]7TCO T£9 TO)V O0€V 7T€p ijO) dv0pCO7T(OV ,*

"

,'Tt Be rjfias irXeov olei aavrov ytyvcoa/ceiv ;

"

"iycb fiev," elire,

"aocjxorepd re rjyovfiac rd v/ie-

repa ical ttoXXw deiorepa. el Be firjBev irXeov (hv

olBa Trap' vplv evpoifii, {lefiaOrj/cax; av eXt)v /cal to

/jurj/ceT eyeiv 6 rt fidOotfii." viroXaftcbv ovv 6

'Iô?,"ol fiev aXkoi" ecprj,

"tou? d(f>i/cvovfievovs

ip(OTO)(Tl, TTOTCLTTOL TC 7]K0V(Tl KOI €<£' 6 Tl, T]fUV

Be<ro<f)ia<; eTrlBettjiv Trpcorrjv eyei to /nrj dyvorjaac

rbv TjKovra. eXey%e ^ irpwrov toOto." teal

elirodv ravra irarpoOev re Birjei rbv 'ArroXXdoviov

teal firjrpodev, /cal rd ev Alyal<; irdvra, real ox?

irpoarjXOev avru> 6 AayLu?, /cat, el Br] tl eairovBaaav

oBoirropovvres rj airovBdôvTO^ erepov elhov, irdvra

ravd' wairep /coivcovrjo-as uvtoIs t% diroBrj/xta? 6

*Iz^8o? dirvevcTTi re /cal cracfrcos elpev. e/cTrXayevros

Be rod 'AttoXXcovlov /cal oiroOev elBeir), eirepofievov,

"/cal av /ieVoô?," e(j>rj, "rrjs ao$la<; ravrrj<; rj/cec;,

dXX* ovttco macros""BiBd^rj ovv fie" €(f)r),

"rrjv

aocpiav irdaav" "/cal d<f>06vco<; ye," elire,

" tovtI

yap aocjxorepov rod ftaa/caivecv re teal /cpvirreiv rd

airovBr)<$ agia, /cal aXX(D$,'

AiroXXcovie, fiearov ae

262


to be the case. Then having read the epistle, he chapsaid :

" What do you think of us, O Apollonius ?" XVI

"Why/' replied the latter, "how can you ask,when it is sufficiently shown by the fact that I

have taken a journey to see you which was nevertill now accomplished by any of the inhabitants

of my country."" And what do you think we

know more than yourself?" "

I," replied the

other," consider that your lore is profounder and

much more divine than our own; and if I add

nothing to my present stock of knowledge while I

am with you, I shall at least have learned that I

have nothing more to learn." Thereupon the Indian Prescience

replied and said :" Other people ask those who Brahmans

arrive among them, who they are that come, and

why, but the first display we make of our wisdomconsists in showing that we are not ignorant who it

is that comes. And you may test this point to beginwith." And to suit his word he forthwith recounted

the whole story of Apollonius' family both on his

father's and his mother's side, and he related all his

life in Aegae, and how Damis had joined him, and

any conversations that they had had on the road, and

anything they had found out through the conversa-

tion of others with them. All this, just as if he hadshared their voyage with them, the Indian recounted

straight off, quite clearly and without pausing for

breath. And when Apollonius was astounded andasked him how he came to know it all, he replied :

" And you too are come to share in this wisdom, but

you are not yet an adept."" Will you teach me, then,"

said the other, "all this wisdom?" "Aye, and gladly,for that is a wiser course than grudging and hidingmatters of interest

;and moreover, O Apollonius, I

263

FLAVI US PHILOSTRATUS

cap. 6pa) t?)? /j,V7]/jLoavvr}s, y)v r}fieis fiaktara detovXVI

ccyaTTcofjiev""

rj yap /cadecopatcas" elirev,"

07r&)<?

7re<j>VKa""

rjfieis" e<j>r),

"<y

'

KiroWoavie, iravra

opco/nev tcl tt)? "*lrv%f}<; elBrj, £u/-t/3oAofc? avra /Mvp'tois

eî^yevovTe^. aX)C errel fjLeo~7jp,/3pia TrXrjaiov teal

ra 7rp6(T<f)opa Tot? 6eot<; xprj irapaaKevdaai, vvv

fiev ravr e/cirovoo/JLev, fiera ravra Be, oirocra

fiovXei, BtaXeyoapieOa, irapaTvyâve Be iraai to£?

bpcD/jLevois. vrj Hi , enrev, abi/coLrjv av tov

Kav/cacrov Kal tov 'IvBov, ovs virepfias Bi vfias

i]/cco, el fir) irdvrcov i/jbcpopoifirjv wv BpayrjTe."""JLpxpopov" e<j)rj,

" koX twpuev."

XVII

cap. 'EXôWe? ovv eirl Trrjyrjv Tiva vBaros, r\v $r)o~iv

6 Aa/At? lB(bv varepov eoucevcu rfj ev BotwTot?

Alp/cy, TTpwra fiev iyvfivcoOrjaav, elra e^plaavrora? Kecj)a\a<; rjXe/CTpcoBei (pap/jLatccp, to Be ovtcj

tl rovs 'IvBovs eOaXirev, ft>9 aTfiiêiv to o-w/jlcl

Kal tov IBpcbra %cope2v acrrafCTL, KaOairep twv

Trvpl Xovofievwv, elra eppiâv eavToixs e'9 to

vBcop, Kal Xovadfievoi wBe Trpbs to lepbv eftdBi&v,

eare(f>avcofjLevoL Kal fMearol tov v/xvov. irept-

(TravTes Be ev X°P0V o~X*)lxa'Tl Kal xopvcpalov

iTocrjad/xevot tov *\dpyav bpdals Tals pd{3Bot<;

T7)v yrjv eirXyâv, rjBe KvpTcoOelcra BLktjv /cu/mcto?

264


perceive that you are well endowed with memory, a chap.

goddess whom we love more than any other of the XVI

divine beings.""Well/' said the other, "you have

certainly discerned by your penetration my exact

disposition." "We," said the other, "O Apollonius,can see all spiritual traits, for we trace and detect

them by a thousand signs. But as it is nearly mid-

day, and we must get ready our offerings for the

Gods, let us now employ ourselves with that, andafterwards let us converse as much as you like

;but

you must take part in all our religious rites." "By

Zeus," said Apollonius," I should be wronging the

Caucasus and the Indus, both of which I havecrossed in order to reach you, if I did not enjoy

your rites to the full." u Do so," said the other,H and let us depart."

XVII

Accordingly they betook themselves to a spring chap.XVTT

of water, which Damis, who saw it subsequently, saysresembles that of Dirce in Boeotia ;

and first they batheages

stripped, and then they anointed their heads with anamber-like drug, which imparted such a warmth to

these Indians, that their bodies steamed and the

sweat ran off them as profusely as if they were

washing themselves with fire;

next they threwthemselves into the water and, having so taken their

bath, they betook themselves to the temple with

wreaths upon their heads and full of sacred song. Their

And they stood round in the form of a chorus, and ^f8 lp

having chosen Iarchas as conductor they struck the levitation

earth, uplifting their rods, and the earth arched itself

265

cap.dveire/iyfrev avrovs e? Bltttj^v tov aepos. oi he

yhov olhrjv, o7TOto? 6 iraiav 6 tov XotyofcXeovs,ov

y

A0i]V7jo-i tc5'

Act /cXtjtt lg> ahovaiv. eirel he e?

tt)v yrjv Karrjpav, /ca\eo-a<; 6 'lapâs to fietpdicLov

to rr]V ay/cvpav (fiepov,"eTTifieXrjdrfTL" e<prj,

" tmv AttoXXcovlov eraipcov. o he 7roXX(p Oolttov r)

oi

Taêfc tmv opvlQwv iropevdeis re ical erraveXOcDv,"

677 lfiefieXr/fiat"

ecfrr). QepairevaavTe^ ovv ra

iroXXa tcov lepoiv dveiravovTO ev Tot? Oaicots, 6 Be

'Ia/oâ? 7r/?09 to fieipdiciov,"€K(j)epe" elire,

" tw

aocj)fy)

'

AiroXXwvi(p tov <£>pa(t)Tov dpovov,r

tv eVavTov htaXeyotTO."

XVIII

^l(x'n? he eicaOicrev,

"epcora," ecftr),

"o tl fiovXei,

Trap' avhpas yap rficets iravra elSoTa?" rjpeTO ovv

6^

AiroXXcavto^, el ical avrovs 'Icra&iv, olofievos

avrov, wcnrep 'JLXXrjves, âXeirov rjyetadat to

eavrhv yvcovat, 6 he e7rto~Tpetya<; irapd rrjv rod'

AiroXXwviov hoâv,"

rjfieis," e(f)rj,

" iravra ytyvco-

aicofiev, eTreihrj TrpooTovs eavTOvs ytyvGocr/cofiev, ov

yap av TrpoaeXOot Tt? rjficov rfj (fztXocrocfrta ravrrj

fir) irpwTOv ethaos eavTov" 6 he 'AiroWwvios

avafivr/aOels mv tov <$>paooTov ij/covae, ica\ 07ra>? 6

(j)t,Xoo~o(f)r)0'ei,v fieXXcov eavrbv fiacravicras eirvêipel,

tovtw £vve)£Q)pr)o-€ T(p Xoyw, tovtI yap Kai irept

eavTov eireireidTO, iraXiv ovv rjpero, rivas ai>TOVS

266


like a billow of the sea and raised them up two cubits chap.

high into the air. But they sang a song resemblingxvn

the paean of Sophocles which they sing at Athens in

honour of Asclepius. But when they had alighted

upon the ground, Iarchas called the stripling whocarried the anchor and said :

" Do you look after the

companions of Apollonius." And he went off swifter

than the quickest of the birds, and coming back

again said :

"I have looked after them." Having

fulfilled then the most of their religious rites, theysat down to rest upon their seats, but Iarchas said to

the stripling :

"Bring, out the throne of Phraotes for

the wise Apollonius that he may sit upon it to

converse with us."

XVIII

And when he had taken his seat, he said :" Ask chap.

whatever you like, for you find yourselfamong peoplewho know everything." Apollonius then asked him discui? seif-

whether they knew themselves also, thinking that knowled&e

he, like the Greeks, would regard self-knowledge as

a difficult matter. But the other, contrary to

Apollonius' expectations, corrected him and said :

" We know everything, just because we begin

by knowing ourselves;for no one of us would be

admitted to this philosophy unless he first knewhimself." And Apollonius remembered what he hadheard Phraotes say, and how he who would becomea philosopher must examine himself before he under-

takes the task; and he therefore acquiesced in this

answer, for he was convinced .of its truth in his owncase also. He accordingly asked a fresh question,

267

CvP;Tfyoivro, o Be,

"Oeovs," elirev, iirepofievov Be avrov,

Bia r'i,"on," €<j)7j,

"ayaOol eapuev avOpayrroi."

tovto T<p'

AttoWcovlg) TOo~avTr)<; eBoi*ev evirai-

Bevaia<; elvai fiearov, o><? elirelv avrb /cal 777209

Aopuenavbv varepov ev rots virep eavrov \6yois.

XIX

cap. 'AvaXafiouv ovv rrjv epcorrjcriv,"wepl ^v^r)^ Be"

elire,"7nw9 (jypovelre;

" " w? 76," elire, UvOayopas/jl€v vpZv, fjpbels Be Alyv7TTiois 7rapeBcb/capLev.""

eLTrois av ovv," etyrj,"/caOairep 6 UvOayopas

Ev(popl3ov eavrov arre^rjvev<, on /cal av, irplv e'9

tovQ* tf/ceiv to aoypia, Tpcocov ns rj

^

Ayaiosv rjaOa

Pj6 Betva ;" 6 Be '1^09, "Tpoia fxev a7rco\ero,"

elirev,"

vrrb rcov rfkevadvrcov^

Ayaiwv Tore, vpLas

Be airokcoXeKaaiv oi err avrfj \6yof puovovs yap

avBpas rjyovfjbevot, roi><; €9 Tpouav arparevaavras,

a/jbeXelre rfkeiovwv re /cal Oeiorepwv avBpwv, ovs r]

re vpuerepa yfj /cal rj Alyvirrlwv /calrj 'lvBwv

-qvey/cev. errel roivvv r)pov pue rrepl rov rrporepov

acop,aro<;, elire puoi, riva 0avp,aaioorepov rjyfj rcjv

eirl Tpolav re /cal virep Tpota? iXOovrcov ;

" "iycio,"

e(f>r),

" '

A^dXea rbv Urj\ea)<; re /cal QenBos,

ovros yap Br) /cdWtaros re elvai ra> 'Opbtfpq)

v/Avrfrat, /cal irapa iravras rov<$ 'A^atov? peyas,

268


namely, who they considered themselves to be; and chap.

the other answered " We consider ourselves to be XVIn

Gods." Apollonius asked afresh :

"Why ?" "

Because,"said the other,

" we are good men." This replystruck Apollonius as so instinct with trained goodsense, that he subsequently mentioned it to Domitianin his defence of himself.

XIX

He therefore resumed his questions and said : chap.

"And what view do you take of the soul ?" "

That," •

XIX

replied the other, "which Pythagoras imparted to migration

you, and which we imparted to the Egyptians."ofsouls

"Would you then say," said Apollonius, "that, as

Pythagoras declared himself to be Euphorbus,so you yourself, before you entered your present

body, were one of the Trojans or Achaeans or

someone else ?" And the Indian replied :

" ThoseAchaean sailors were the ruin of Troy, and yourtalking so much about it is the ruin of you Greeks.

For you imagine that the campaigners against Troywere the only heroes that ever were, and you forgetother heroes both more numerous and more divine,whom your own country and that of the Egyptiansand that of the Indians have produced. Since then

you have asked me about my earlier incarnation, tell

me, whom you regard as the most remarkable of the

assailants or defenders of Troy.""

I," replied

Apollonius,"regard Achilles, the son of Peleus and

Thetis, as such, for he and no other is celebrated byHomer as excelling all the Achaeans in personal

269

cap. epya re avrov fjueyaXa ol8e. teal p,eydXcov dîol

toix; Aiavrds re koX Nt/?ea9, ol fier ieiclvov koXoi

re avT(b Kal yevvaloi aSovrai." "7T/30? tovtovT

e<f)rj,

"ÂiroXXoovie, /cat rbv irpbyovov Oecopei rbv

ifiov, p,dXXov 8e to irpbyovov crcofjua, rovrl yap teal

Tlvdayopas JLv<f>op/3ov rjyeLTO.

XX

cap. "*Hv roivvv" ecprj,

"%povo<;, 6V AlOiOweg fiev

(pKOW ivravOa, yevo<; *Iv8ik6v, AlOiowla 6° ovtto)

rjv, a\V virep M.epor)v re Kal K.ara8ov7rov<; copiaro

Aiyv7TTO<;, avrr) Kal ras iriyyas rov NetXou

irape-ôfievj] /cal tcu? e/c/3o\al<; ^vvairoXrjyovaa.bv fjuev 8r) %povov wkovv ivravOa ol AlOloires

viroKeifxevoi j3aaikeZ Tdryyr), rjre yrj avrovs

iicavais e$>epj3e /cal ol Oeol crcfrGyv iirepbeXovvro, irrel

Be direKTeivav rbv fiaaiXea rovrov, ovre to£?

aXXois 'Iv8ol<; tcadapol e8oâv, ovre r) yrj

%vveyd>pei avrol? XcraaOai, rrjv re yap enropav,

rjv €9 avrr)v irroiovvro, irplv e? tcdXvfca rjiceiv,

ecpOeipe, rov? re rdv yvvaiKcov tokovs dreXets

iirolei, Kal rd<; dyeXas irovrjpws e{3oo~/ce, iroXiv

re ottol ftdXoLVTO, vire8L8ov r) yrj teal vireydspeiKara), teal yap ri Kal (ftdafia rod Tdyyovirpolbvra^ avrovs rjXavvev ivraparrbfievov tw

6/jllXg), b ov irpbrepov dvrjtee, irplv ye 8r) tou?

avOevras Kal rovs to alpa XeP°>i irpdâvras rfj

270


beauty and size, and he knows of mighty deeds of chap.his. And he also rates very highly such men as

XIX

Ajax and Nireus, who were only second to him in

beauty and courage, and are celebrated as such in his

poems."" With him," said the other,

" O Apollonius,I would have you compare my own ancestor, or

rather my ancestral body, for that was the light in

which Pythagoras regarded Euphorbus.

XX

"There was then/' he said, "a time when the chap.

Ethiopians, an Indian race, dwelt in this country, andxx

when Ethiopia as yet was not : but Egypt stretched^pulsion*

its border beyond Meroe and the cataracts, and of the

on the one side included in itself the fountains of fromTndSa

the Nile, and on the other was only bounded by the

mouths of the river. Well, at that time of which I

speak, the Ethiopians lived here, and were subjectto King Ganges, and the land was sufficient for their

sustenance, and the gods watched over them ; butwhen they slew this king, neither did the rest of the

Indians regard them as pure, nor did the land

permit them to remain upon it ; for it spoiled the

seed which they sowed in it before it came into ear,

and it inflicted miscarriages on their women, and it

gave a miserable feed to their flocks;and wherever

they tried to found a city, it would give way andsink down under their feet. Nay more, the ghostof Ganges drove them forward on their path andstruck terror into their multitude, and it did not

quit them until they atoned to earth by sacrificing

271

cap. yrj /caOcepevaav. r)v Be apa 6 Tdyyrjs ovtos

8e/cd7rr)'xv<; puev to fjbrjicos, rrjv Be copav 0*09 ovirw

Tt? dvOpcoircov, 7TOTa/xov Be Tdyyov 7rat9* top Be

irarepa rbv eavrov rrjv 'IvBi/crjv eiri/cXvôvra

avrbs e? rrjv 'RpvOpdv erpetye, /cal BirjXXaêv

avrbv rfj yfj, odev r) yrj fcoim puev d(j)0ova e<pepev,

drroQavbvri Be ertpbcopeL. ewel Be rbv 'AyiXXea

"OjArjpos ayei fiev virepf

E\a>779 £9 Tpoiav, (prjal Be

avrbv BooBe/ca /juev 7r6\ei<z etc OaXdrrrjs rjprj/cevai,

7T€^fj Be evBe/ca, yvvai/cd re vrrb rod j3ao~iXew<$

dfyaipeOevra e'9 /jltjviv drreveyOrjvai^ ore Br) drepd-

fiova /cal Q)/jubv Bbâi, a/ceây/ieOa rbv 'IvBbv irpbs

ravra' rroXewv fiev toivvv egrj/covra ol/ciarr)?

eyevero, airrep elal Bo/ci/jLcoraroi rcov rfjBe—rb Be

rropOelv iroXeis oaris ev/cXeearepov r)yelrat rod

dvoiKit,eiv rrbXiv ov/c earc—StcvOas Be rov<; virep

Kav/cao~6v rrore arparevaavra^ eirl rrjvBe rrjv yrjv

drreoaaaro. to Be eXevOepovvra rrjv eavrov yrjv

dvBpa dyaObv $aiveo~6ai iroXXw fteXriov rod

BovXeiav errdyew iroXei, /cal rav@* vrrep yvvai/cos,

rjv el/cbs firjBe d/covaav rjprrdaOai. ff/i,/xa%ta9 Be

avraj yevojj,evrj<; 737)09 rbv apypvra rrjs yjiipas, ^9

vvv <&pa(DT7]<; dpyei, /cd/ceivov rrapavopbwrard re

/cal daeXyeo-rara yvvai/ca dêXo/xevov avrov, ov

rrapeXvae tol>9 op/covs, ovrco /3e/3ata>9 opLoo/jLo/cevai

$r)cra$, &)9 /nrjBe oirbre rjBi/celro Xvirelv avrov.

272


the murderers who had shed the king's blood with chap.

their hands. Now this Ganges it seems, was ten xx

cubits high, and in personal beauty excelled any Gangesman the world had yet seen, and he was the son of

the river Ganges ; and when his own father

inundated India, he himself turned the flood into theRed Sea, and effected a reconciliation between his

father and the land, with the result that the latter

brought forth fruits in abundance for him whenliving, and also avenged him after death. And since

Homer brings Achilles to Troy in Helen's behalf,and relates how he took twelve cities by sea andeleven on land, and how he was carried away by wrathbecause he had been robbed of a woman by the king,on which occasion, in my opinion, he shewed him-self merciless and cruel, let us contrast the Indian in

similar circumstances. He on the contrary set himself

to found sixty cities, which are the most considerable

of those hereabouts—and I would like to know whowould regard the destruction of cities as a better

title to fame than the rebuilding of them—and healso repulsed the Scythians who once invaded this

land across the Caucasus. Surely it is better to

prove yourself a good man by liberating your countrythan to bring slavery upon a city, and that too in

behalf of a woman who probably was never carried

oft' even against her will. And as he had formed analliance with the king of the country, over whichPhraotes now rules, although that other had violated

every law and principle of morality by carrying oft*

his wife, he yet did not break his oath, and so stable,

he said, was his pledged word, that, in spite of the

injury he had suffered, he would not do anything to

harm that other.

273

VOL. I. T

XXI

xla'

" âi irêLa) ^^V6^ uv rov dvBpos, el fir) e? eirai-

vov cokvovv iavrov /caOiaraadai, elfil yap croi

i/ceivos, tovtI Be eBrjXcoo-a yeyovoos errj rerrapw67TTO, yap 7Tore dBa/idvriva rov Tdyyov rovrov

i;L<f)r} e? yr)v irr)%avTO<$, virep rov firjBev Belfia

ifiTreXdêcv rfj ytopa, ical ro)v Oecov Oveiv fiev

/ceXevovrcov tjtcovras, ov ireirriye ravra, to Be

ywpiov ovk efyyovfievcov, ev a> eTreirrjyei, 7rat? eyco

KOfjLtBfi rvy^dvcov rjyayov rovs e^rjyr)rd<; eVl rd(f)-

pov teal opvrrecv irpoaeraâ, e/cei (frrjaas xara-

TeOelcrOat, avrd.

XXII

cap. *? Kal /J,i]7T(o Oavfido-rjs rovfiov, el ef '\vBov

e? 'IvBbv BteBodrjv outo? yap" Bellas rt fiei-

paKiov el/coal ttov yeyovhs errj,"

Trecfrvtce fiev

7T/309 (f)L\o<ro(f)iav virep rrdvTas dvdpayirovs, eppco-

rat Be, &>? opa<^, ko\ Karecr/cevao-TaL yevvaiws to

o~wfia, Kaprepel Be irvp koi TOfir)v iraaav, /cal

roiocrBe wv dire^ddveraL rfj cfriXocrocfrLa""rl

ovv" elirev,"

&> 'Idpâ, to fxeipaiciov irdOos ; Bei-

vbv yap Xeyeis, el ^vvrerayfievos ovtcos vtto t^<?

cf)vcreot)<; fir) dairdêrai rr)v <f>iXocro<f>iav, firjBe eparov fiavOdvetv, ical ravra vfilv £vv(ov."

" ov %vv-

ecFTivT elirev," d\\

y

wairep ol Xeovres, atccov

274


XXI

" And I could enumerate many more merits of this c*J£f

*

great man, if I did not shrink from pronouncing aQan eg

panegyric upon myself ;for I may tell you I am the reScar-

person in-question, as I clearly proved when I was pl^otesfour years old. For this Ganges on one occasion

fixed seven swords made of adamant in the earth, to

prevent any monster approaching our country ;now

the gods ordered us to go and offer a sacrifice wherehe had implanted these weapons, though without

indicating the spot where he had fixed them. I

was a mere child, and yet I led the interpreters of

their will to a trench, and told them to dig there,for it was there I said that they had been laid.

XXII

K And you must not be surprised at my transforma- chap.

tion from one Indian to another ; for here is one,"Xx

and he pointed to a stripling of about twenty years nation^of age,

" who in natural aptitude for philosophyPaiamedes

excels everyone, and he enjoys good health as yousee, and is furnished with an excellent constitution ;

moreover he can endure fire and all sorts of cuttingand wounding, yet in spite of all these advantageshe detests philosophy."

" What then," said Apol-lonius,

" O Iarchas, is the matter with the youth ?

For it is a terrible thing you tell me, if one so well

adapted by nature to the pursuit refuses to embrace

philosophy, and has no love for learning, and that

although he lives with you."" He does not live

275

T 2

cap. etXyjirrac, Kal KaOelpKrao jjl&v, viro/SXerrei Be tj/jlcov

nOaaevovrcov avrbv Kal Kara^cavrwv. yeyove

fJLev ovv to fieipcLKLOV rovro Ua\a/jL7]8r)<; 6 ev

Tpoia, K€^pr)Tac Be evavncordrois 'OBvacrel Kal

'Ofxrjpcp, tw p,ev %vvdevrt eir avrbv reyyas, v<j)

oyv KareXcOcoOrj, rat Be ovBe eirovs avrbv dîdo-

cravri. /cal e7reiBr) fxrjO^ rj aocf)ia avrbv n, tjv elyev,

a>vr)o~e, p,r)re 'O/nrjpov enraiverov ervêv, vcj>'ov

TrdXXol teal rwv purj rrdvv arrovBaiusv e? ovopua

riÔrjaav, 'OBvacrecDS re yrrrjro aBc/cwv ovBev, Bia-

/3e/3\r)rai 7T/0O9 (j)iXoao<f)Lav Kal oXocfyvperat rb

eavrov rrdQos. eari Be ovros TlaXaprjBijs, 09 Kal

<ypd<l>€i fjir) fjbaOoov ypdppuara."

XXIII

cap. Toiavra BiaXeyop-evcov rrpoo-eXOcov r& 'ldpxa

ayyeXos,"

6 flacriXevs" e<pr],

"irepl BetXr^v Trpcorrjv

d(f)lêrat y gvveaopLevos vp.lv irepl rdv eavrov

Trpaypdroov." 6 Be,"

rj/cerco" elire," Kal yap av

Kal fteXricov direXdoi yvovs dvBpa "JLWrjva." Kal

eliru>v ravra irdXiv rod irporepov Xoyov etyero.

i]pero ovv rbv ÂiroXXmnov," av 8' av etirois?

ecprj," rb irpwrov crcbp.a Kal ocrr*? nrpb rov vvv

rjaua ; oe eiirev, eireior) abogov rjv fioL eKeivo,

oXiya avrov p,ep,vr)p,ai" vTroXaftcov ovv 6 'lapâs,

276

LIFE OF APOLLON1US, BOOK III

with us," replied the other, "but he has been caught chap.like a lion against his will and confined here, but he xxn

looks askance at us when we try to domesticate himand caress him. The truth is this stripling was oncePalamedes of Troy, and he found his bitterest enemiesin Odysseus and Homer ;

for the one laid an ambush

against him of people by whom he was stoned to

death, while the other denied him any place in his

Epic ;and because neither the wisdom with which

he was endowed was of any use to him, nor did hemeet with any praise from Homer, to whom never-

theless many people of no great importance owe their

renown, and because he was outwitted by Odysseusin spite of his innocence, he has conceived an aver-

sion to philosophy, and deplores his ill-luck. Andhe is Palamedes, for indeed he can write without

having learned his letters."

XXIII

While they were thus conversing, a messenger chap.

approached Iarchas and said :" The King will come xxm

early in the afternoon to consult you about his own reSteshte

business." And Iarchas replied: "Let him come, former life

for he too will go away all the better for makingthe acquaintance of a man of Hellas." And after

saying this, he went on with his former discourse.

He accordingly asked Apollonius the question :

"Will you tell us," he said, "about your earlier

incarnation, and who you were before the presentlife ?

" And he replied :" Since it was an ignoble

episode, I do riot remember much about it."

Iarchas therefore took him up and said :

" Then you

277

cap " elra aSogov," e<f>7), "VJV T0 yeveaOai Kvftepvr)rri$XXIII a? /'/ \/ <•« / •>•>

Atyvirria<; veoos ;. rovri yap ae opco yeyovora."

akrjdrj fiev" elirev,"Xeyeis, 00 ^\dpya, rovri yap

are%z>co9 eyevofirjv, r)yovp,ai S' avrb ovk aSotjov

/novov, dXXa koX /cara{3e/3Xr)f.Levov, ical roaovrov

/jl6V afyov rot? avOpcoirois, ogov irep rb apyeiv /cal

rb arparov rjyelaOai, fcafcws Se d/covov virb rcov

KaOairrofievcov tt}9 OaXdrr^. rb yovv yevvaibra-/ rov rcov ifiol irpaÔevrcov ovSe irraivov Tt? r/fficoae

tot€."" ri Se Sr) yevvalov elpydadai (frrjo-eis rj rb

irepiê^XrjKevat MaXeav re ical ôvviov yaXivcoo-as

6K<j)€po/jb€vr]v rrjv vavv, /cal rb Kara irpvpvav re ical

irpwpav rcov dveficov, birbOev ifcSoOijaovrai, o-acfrcos

Sieyvcotcevai, ep/jidrcov re virepdpai to <T/ca(f)o<;ev

Ev/3ota koiXt), ovirep iroXXa rcov arcpcorijplcov

dvaireirrjyev;"

XXIV

car rO gg 'AiroXXcovios"

eirei fie," elirev,"e? kv/3-

epvrjriKov efJLftifiaêis Xoyov, a/cove, o Sotcco /jlol rbre

vyicos irpdâr ri)V OdXarrdv irore rcov <&oivlkcov

Xyaral vireKaOrjvro, teal i(polrcov irepl Ta? iroXeis

avapuavOavovres ris ri ayoi. icari§6vre<$ ovv e/Jbirop-

iav Xajjuirpdv rfjs vecos, ol rcov Xrjarwv irp6%evoi

hieXeyovro /xot diroXafiovres fie, iroaov ri pbeOeôifii

rod vavXov, eyoo 8e îXicov ecfrrjv, eireiSr) rerrape<;

278


think it ignoble to have been the pilot of an chap.

Egyptian vessel, for I perceive that this is what xxm

you were ?" " What you say/' said Apollonius, "is

true, Iarchas;for that is really what 1 was ; but

I consider this profession not only inglorious but also

detestable, and though of as much value to humanityas that of a prince or the leader of an army, never-

theless it bears an evil repute by reason of those

who follow the sea ; at any rate the most noble of

the deeds which I performed no one at the time sawfit to praise."

"Well, and what would you claim for

yourself in the way of noble achievement? Is

it your having doubled the capes of Malea and

Sunium, by checking your ship when it was driftingout of its course, and your having discerned so

accurately the quarters from which the winds wouldblow both fore and aft, or your getting your boat

past the reefs in the hollows of Euboea, where anynumber of spits stick up in the sea ?

"

XXIV

But Apollonius replied :" Since you tempt me to chap

talk about pilotage, I would have you hear what I

consider to have been my soundest exploit at that

time. The Phoenician pirates at one time infested The talc

the sea, and were hanging about the cities to pick up^^information about the cargoes which different people pirates

had. The agents of the pirates spied out accordingly a

rich cargo which I had on board my ship, and havingtaken me aside in conversation, asked me what was

my share in the freight ;and I told them that it was

a thousand drachmas, for there were four people in

279

cap. ifcvfiepvcov rrjv vavv.*oi/cla Se,' efyaaav

' eon

vol;*

'

fca\v/3r) nrovrjpd? ecpijv,'

irepl rrjv vrjcrov

rrjv <£>dpov, ov TrdXai irore 6 Upcorevs <picei?*

/3ov-

Xoto av ovv,y

rjpovro pue,'

yeveoOai aoi yrjv p,ev avrl

OaXdrrr)?, olniav Be. avrl rf}<; /caXv/3r)<;, to Be vav-

XoV Be/cdlCt,? TOVTO, KCLKOHV T€ i^eXOeiV pLVp'lWV, CL

airo rfjs OaXdrrr)? dvoiBovarj^ ey^piTTrei Tot?

fcv/3epva)o~iv;'

fiovXeaOai puev elirov, ov purjv dpira-

ycov ye epuavrbv d^tovv, Swore o-ocpcorepos epiavrov

yeyova zeal crrefydvcov rj^idapat rrapd rrjs reyyt]^.

irpolovTcov o° avrcov zeal ftaXdvrid puot, Bpa^pucov

puvpLcov Bcbaeiv (fraa/covrcov, el yevolpbijv avrols, o

efiovXovro, Xeyeiv r}8r) irapeKeXevo~dp,r)v ft>? purjBev

eXXetycov rov 7ra? dvrjp yeveaOai a^lar Xeyovai

Br) pueXeBcovol puev elvav Xyarcov, BelaOai he puov pur)

dcpeXeaOat avrovs rb rr)v vavv eXetv, p,r)8e 69 do~TV

eK7rXevaai, orrore itceWev dpaipa, dXX v<popp,laaa-

Qai t» d/cpoorrjpLG), rds vavs yap t<z? Xrjarpiicds ev

irepiftoXfi earaval, /cal bpvvvai pot efiovXovro purjr

avrov pue diroKrevelv, koX dvrjo-etv Be rov Odvarov ohav eyco irapairwpbai. eyco Be vovOerelv pev avrovs

ov/c do-<j>aXe<> ipuavrq) r)yovp,r)v, 8elaa<; put] diroyvovres

epL/3dX(D0~l pb€T€(Op(p rfj VTjl /COL a7ToX(OpLe0d 7T0V TOV

ireXayov;, ft)? Be virovpyrjaai VTreo~yop,r)v, a eftov-

Xovro, opuvvvai e(f)r)v avrov? Belv rj purjv dXrjOevaecv

280


command of the ship.' And/ said they, 'have you chap

a house ?' ' A wretched hut/ I replied,

' on the XXIV

Island of Pharos, where once upon a time Proteus

used to live.'e Would you like then/ they went

on,' to acquire a landed estate instead of the sea,

and a decent house instead of your hut, and ten

times as much for the cargo as you are going to getnow? And to get rid of a thousand misfortunes

which beset pilots owing to the roughness of the sea?'

I replied that I would gladly do so, but that I did

not aspire to become a pirate just at a time when I

had made myself more expert than I ever had been,and had won crowns for my skill in my profession.However they persevered and promised to give me a

purse of a thousand drachmas, if I would be their

man and do what they wanted. Accordingly I eggedthem on to talk by promising not to fail them, but to

assist them in every way. Then they admitted that

they were agents of the pirates, and besought me not

to deprive them of a chance of capturing the ship,

and instead of sailing away to the city whenever I

weighed anchor thence, they arranged that I should

cast anchor under the promontory, under the lee of

which the pirate ships were riding ;and they were

willing to swear that they would not only not kill

myself, but would spare the life of any for whom I

interceded. I for my part did not consider it safe to

reprehend them, for I was afraid that if they were

driven to despair, they would attack my ship on the

high seas and then we should all be lost somewhereat sea ; accordingly I promised to assist their enter-

prise, but I insisted upon their taking oath to keeptheir promise truly. They accordingly made oath,

for our interview took place in a temple, and then I

281

cap. ravra. Ofioaavrcov roivvv, koX yap ev lepw BieXe-

yovro,'

%a)/?etTe,' ecprjv,'

eVt ra rcbv Xrjarcov irXola,

r)fiel<; yap vv/crcop d(f>rjo-ofiev.' /cal 7ri0avcoT€pos, eBoKovv ere irepl rod vofiio-fiaros BiaXeyofievos, &>?

Borcifiov diTapidfir)6elr) fioi koli fir) irporepov rj rrjv

vavv eXwcri-v. oi fiev Br) e^copovv, eyw Be rj/ca e?

to rrrekayos virepdpas rod a/cpwTrjpiov"" ravr

ovv," elirev 6 'Idpâs," ''

AjroWoovie, BtKatoavvr)^

r)yfj epya;" "

real irpos ye" ecfyr),

"cf)iXav0p(O7ria<;,

to yap fir) diroBoaOai yjrvâ<; dvOpcoTrayv, firjB

1

aTrefnroXrjo-ai ra rwv efiiropwv, xprjfidrayv re

fcpelrrco yevecrdai vavrrjv ovra, ttoXXcls dperas

olfiai ^vvecXrjêvai"

XXV

cap TeXdaa*; ovv 6 'IvBos,"eoi/cas," e(j>r),

" to fir)

dBucelv Bt,/caioo~vvr)v r)yelcr6ai, tovtI Be olfiai ical

7rdvra<;r

'JLXXr)vas' &)? yap eyco irore Alyv7rrl(ov

Bevpo a<f)iKO/JLevc0v rj/covaa, cfroiTcocrt, fiev vfitv diro

rr}<; 'Poo/jiT)*; r)yefiove<; yvfivov r)pfievoi rbv ireXeKW

€</>' i)fias, ovTTco yt,yvcoo-/covre<;, el (pavXcov apôvaiv,

vfiels Be, el fir) irwXolev t<z? B'ucas ovroi, (pare

avrov? BiKaiov^ elvai. tovtI Be koX tou? tcov

dvBpairoBcov KaTrrjXovs dtcovco eicel irpdrTeiv, el

yap d<f>LfcoivTO KardyovTes hfiiv dvBpdiroBa Kapi/cd

koX to r)0os avrcjv ecfrepfiqvevoiev vfilv, eiraivov

iroiovvTai twv dvBpairoBcov to fir) icXeirTeiv avrd.

282


said :

' You betake yourselves to the ships of the chap.

pirates at once, for we will sail away by night.' And XXIV

they found me all the more plausible from the wayI bargained about the money, for I stipulated that it

must all be paid me in current cash, though not be-

fore they had captured the ship. They thereforewent off, but I put straight out to sea after doublingthe promontory." "This then," said Iarchas,

" O Discussion

Apollonius, you consider the behaviour of a justof i U8tice

man?" "Why yes," said Apollonius, "and of a

humane one too ! for 1 consider it was a rare combi-nation of the virtues for one who was a mere sailor

to refuse to sacrifice men's lives, or to betray theinterests of many merchants, so rising superior to all

bribes of money."

XXV

Thereupon the Indian smiled and said :

" You chapXXV

seem to think that mere abstention from injustice .

constitutes justice, and I am of opinion that all the of Greek

Greeks do the same. For as I once learned from the morallt>'

Egyptians that come hither, governors from Romeare in the habit of visiting your country, brandishingtheir axes naked over your heads, before theyknow whether they have cowards to rule or not

;but

you acknowledge them to be just if they merely donot sell justice. And I have heard that the slave

merchants yonder do exactly the same;for when

they come to you with convoys of Carian slaves andare anxious to recommend their characters to you,

they make it a great merit of the slaves that they donot steal. In the same way do you recommend on

2 83

cap. rou? pkv Brj apxovras, 0I9 viroKelaOai (jyare, roiov-

rmv dgiovre, Kal Xapurpvvovre^ clvtovs eiraivois,

oh irep rd dvBpaTroBa, ^tjXcdtovs irefjarere, 009

otecrOe, oi Be ye aocfxoraroi woirjral vpuoiv ovB' el

fiovXeaOe BiKaioi re Kal xprjo-rol elvcu, %vy-

ywpovGiv v/LLCv yeveadac. rbv yap Wlvcd top

dofioTrjTi v7rep/3aXopLevov Travras, zeal BovXwadpuevov

rah vaval tow? eVl daXdrrr} re Kal ev OaXdrrrj

hiKaioavvr]^ GKrjTTTpto TifAwvTes, evr

'AiBov Kadiôvai

Bcairav rai<; -^vâls, rbv 8' av TdvraXov, eTreiBrj

XprjaTO? re tjv Kal Tot? (j)i\oi<; T779 virapypvcn]^

avrq> irapa rwv Oewv d6avao~ias puereBLBov, ttotov

t€ eipyovGi Kal airov, elal Be ot Kal Xtdovs avrw

€7nKpefidcravTe<; Beivd e<f>vj3pi%ovai Oeicp re Kal

dyaOa> dvBpi, ot'9 ifiovXopbrjv av fiaXXov Xl/jLvtjv

avrw irepifiXvaai veKrapos, eireiBr) tyiXavOpdyrrws

avrov Kal dcfrOovcos Trpovirive" Kal apua Xeycov

ravra eireBeuKW ayaXfia ev dpcarepa, <jo eireye-

ypaiTTO TANTAAOS. to puev Br) dyaXpua rerpd-

TTTj'xy r)v, dvBpl Be ea>Ket TTevrrjKOvrovTrj, Kal rpoirov'

ApyoXiKov earaXro, iraprjXXaTre Be rrjv ^XapLvBa,

wenrep oi êrraXoi, (fridXrjv re itpovm ivev diro-

Xpwaav evl BtyjrwvTi, evf) ardXaypua eKayXaêv

dKrjpdrov 7roSyLtaro9 ov% v7T€p/3Xv£ov T779 (f>idX7)<$.

6 ri puev ovv r\yovvrai avrb Kale'<£' orcp air' avrov

Trivovai, BrjX(i)o~(0 avriKa. ttXtjv dXXd r/yetadac

%prj rbv TdvraXov p>rj rfj yXcorrrj ecpevra, koivwvt)-

284


such grounds the rulers whose sway you acknowledge, chap.and after decorating them with such praises as you

xxv

lavish upon slaves, you send them away, objects, as

you imagine, of universal admiration. Nay more,your cleverest poets will not give you leave to be justand good, even if you want to. For here was Minos, Minos

a man who exceeded all men in cruelty, and whoenslaved with his navies the inhabitants of continentand islands alike, and yet they honour him by placingin his hand a sceptre of justice and give him a thronein Hades to be umpire of spirits ; while at the sametime they deny food and drink to Tantalus, merely Mytho-

because he was a good man and inclined to share Tailtalu8

with his friends the immortality bestowed on him bythe Gods. And some of them hang stones upon him,and rain insults of a terrible kind upon this divine

and good man ; and I would much rather that theyhad represented him as swimming in a lake of nectar,for he pledged men in that drink humanely and

ungrudgingly." And as he spoke he pointed out a

statue which stood upon his left hand, on which wasinscribed the name " Tantalus." Now this statue wasfour cubits high, and represented a man of fifty yearswho was clad in the fashion of Argolis, though he

parted his cloak in the way the Thessalians do, andhe held a cup sufficient at least for one thirsty manand drank your health therefrom, and in the gobletthere was a liquor, an unmixed draught which frothed

and foamed, though without bubbling over the edgeof the cup. Now I will presently explain what theyconsider this statue to be, and for what reason theydrink from it. In any case, however, we must

suppose that Tantalus was not assailed by the poetsbecause he gave rein to his tongue, but because

*8

cap. cravra Be dvOpcoTroL? rov ve/crapo? xjtto rwv

Trotrjrcov eXavveaOat, Oeofc Be pur/ BiaêfSXrjaOai

avTov, ov yap av, el Oeols dirÔero, Kpidr)vai

irore virb t&v 'IvBwv dyaOov, OeoîXeo-rdrcov ovtcjv

/cat pur/Bev e£(o tov Oetov TrparTovrcov.

XXVI

5jy*r AicLTptpovTa? Be avTov? irepl tov Xoyov tovtov

dopvftos e/c ttj<; ko)/jlt](; irpoaeftakev, d(f>2/cTO Be dpa6 ftacriXevs pbrjBcKcoTepov /caTea/cevaapuevos ical

oytcov yLtecrTo?. d^deaOel^ ovv 6 'Ia/Oâ?,"

el Be

<PpacoTr)s," e(f>r},

"/cardXvcov eTvyâvev\ elBes av

uxnrep ev /jLvarrfplq) cricoTrfjs pueaTa irdvTa." ex

tovtov puev Br) f^vvrj/cev 6 'AttoW&Wos, &>9 ftaaLXevs

e/celvos ovk oXiyw p,epei, cf>c\oao(f>ia Be irdcrr} tov

<£>paa>Tov Xe'nroLTO, paOvpiovs Be IBgdv tou? aocfrovs

kcu pirjBev TTapaGKevaôvTas, a>v Bel tw (BacnXel

p,€Ta p,€o-r)pL/3pLav tjkovtl,"ttoZ"

ecfrr/,

"6 /3ao-i\ev<;

BiaiTrjaeTai ;

" "evTavOa," efyaaav,

" wv yapevesca rj/cei, vv/CTCop BiaXeyopieOa, eTreiBr) koX

fteXTicov 6 Kcuph? 7T/50? /3ou\a9.""

teal TpdireâT

e(f>7],

"TrapaKeiaeTat tjkovtl ;

" "vr) A/Y' enrov,

"irayeld T€ koX irdvTa e'xpvaa, oirocra evTavda^

'\7ra%€&)9 ow," ecprj," BiaiTacrde ;

" "r)p,el<; puev,"

ecfraaav,"Xe7TTW9, irXeiova yap r)puv ej;bv giti-

êaOai piiKpoZs yaipopbev, t£> Be ftaaCXel ttoXXwv

286


he shared the nectar with mankind;nor must we chap.

suppose that he was really the victim of the gods'xxx

dislike, for, had he been hateful to them, he wouldnever have been judged by the Indians to be a goodman, for they are most religious people and never

transgress any divine command.

XXVI

While they were still discussing this topic, a hubbub chap.

down below in the village struck their ears, for it

seems the king had arrived equipped in the height pompous

of Median fashion and full of pomp. Iarchas then,kmg

not too well pleased, remarked :* If it were Phraotes

who was halting here, you would find a dead silence

prevailing everywhere as if you were attending a

mystery." From this remark Apollonius realised

that the king in question was not only inferior to

Phraotes in a few details, but in the whole of

philosophy ;and as he saw that the sages did not

bestir themselves to make any preparations or pro-vide for the king's wants, though he was come at

midday, he said : "Where is the king going to stay?"

"Here," they replied,

" for we shall discuss by nightthe objects for which he is come, since that is the

best time for taking counsel." " And will a table belaid for hirn when he comes," said Apollonius."Why, of course," they answered,

" a rich table too,furnished with everything which this place provides."

"Then," said he, "you live richly?" "We,"they answered,

" live in a slender manner, for

although we might eat as much as we like, we are

contented with little ; but the king requires a great

287

cap. Bel, ftovXerai yap. airr)aerai Be efiyfrvyôv p,ev

oi/Bev, ov yap deputy evravOa, rpayrj/nara Be fcal

plâs /cal oapala, birbaa vvv rj 'IvBl/ct) eêi, birbaa

re al 69 vecora wpat Bcoaovo-iv"

XXVII

xxvh" '-^V IBov"

ecf)7]t"0UT09." Trpoyei Be apa 6

ftaaiXevs dBe\(f)a> re /cal vlw a/ia, %pvo-

dpbvw, /jurjBe yap avrot<i irdrpiov eivai rovro. rov-

to£9 Aa/x^9 avrbs fiev ov (prjai rraparvyelv Bid rb

rr)V 7]fJbepav e/ceivrjv ev rfj kco/jLJ} Biairaadai, 'A7ro\-

Xcoviov Be dfcrj/cocbs eyypd-^rai avrd 69 rbv avrov

Xoyov. faial roivvv /caOrifxevois p,ev avrols rbv

ftaaiXea irporeivovra rrjv yelpa olov evyeaOaiTot9 dvBpdo-i, rov<$ [Be eiriveveuv, cbenrep £vvri0e-

p,evov<; 0I9 JJTei, rbv Be vireprjBeadai rfj eirayyeXia,

tcaOdirep e'9 Oeov rjKOvra. rbv Be dBeX(j)bv rod

fiao-L\e<os teal rbv vlbv /cdXXiarov /Jteipd/aov ovra

fjbrjBev bpdorOat fteXriov rjel dvBpdiroBa rovrcovl

rcov d/coXovOcov rjaav. fierd ravra eâvaarrjvairbv *lvBbv /cat

(ficovrjv levra /ceXevetv \uvrbv airov

drrreo-daL, irpoaBeâfievov 8' avrov /cal rovro

fiaXiara dafievw^, rpiiroBes fiev IêTropevOrjaavUvOl/col rerrapes avrojuaroi, KaQdirep 01 'Opbrj-

pecoo irpoibvres, oivoyooi 8* eir avrols %aX/covfieXavos, oloi irap

r,

EXXrjo-iv ol TavvfnjBe^ re /cal


deal; for that is his pleasure. But he will not eat chap.

any living creature, for that is wrong to do here, but xx ^ '

only dried fruits and roots and the seasonable

produce of the Indian land at this time of year, andwhatever else the new year's seasons will provide."

XXVII

" But see," said he, "here he is." And just then chap.

the king advanced together with his brother and his

son, ablaze with gold and jewels. And Apolloniuswas"about to rise and retire, when Iarchas checkedhim from leaving his throne, and explained to himthat it was not their custom for him to do so. Damis

himself says that he was not present on this occasion,because on that day he was staying in the village,but he heard from Apollonius what happened andwrote it in his book. He says then that when theyhad sat down, the king extended his hand as if in

prayer to the sages, and they nodded their assent

as if they were conceding his request ;and he was

transported with joy at the promise, just as if he hadcome to the oracle of a God. But the brother of the

king and his son, who was a very pretty boy, werenot more considered than if they had been the

slaves ofthe others, that were mere retainers. After

that the Indian rose from his place, and in a formal Tbe Sages

speech bade the king take food, and he accepted the king

the invitation and that most cordially. Thereuponfour tripods stepped forth like those of the Pythian

temple, but of their own accord, like those which

advanced in Homer's poem, and upon them were mad is. 375

cupbearers of black brass resembling the figures of

289

VOL. 1. u

CAP. ol XleXoires. r) yrj Be virearopw iroa<i fiaXa/cco-

repas r)ai evvai. rpayrj/juata Be /ecu aprot zeal

\dyava zeal rpcozera ojpala, irdvTa ev zcocr/jLO)

icj)Oira Biazeeip,eva rjBuov r) el oyfroTrowl avra irap-

eazeevaôv, twv Be rpnroBcov ol*/*.ei>

Bvo olvov

eireppeov, rolv Bvolv Be 6 fiev vBaros depfiov

zepr\vr)v irapelêv, o &* av yfr^XP ^' ai ^ e? ^^B&v

(J)oit(a)(tcu \iOoi Trapr/

EXX?;crt fiev 69 op/iov? re /ecu

oa/CTvXiovs ifi/3i/3d£ovTai Bid a/jU/cpoTrjTa, irapdBe 'IvBols olvoyoai re ^VKTr)pe<; re ylyvovrai Bid

fieyeOoev <j>r)(n %Vfj,fjLeTpa)S rod re

olvov zeal rod vBaros, irepiekavveiv Be Ta? zcvXizcas,

coairep ev rots ttotols. zearazeeLadat, Be avrovs a>9

ev %vgctitl(p jxev, ov fir)v TrpoKpLTov ye tov ftacriXea,

tovto Br) to wap1

"RWrjoi re zeal 'Vco/jlcllols

TToXkov aîov, d\\y

a>9 etvyk ye, ov ezcao~To<;

cbp/jLrjaev.

XXVIII

xxv. 'E7rel Be wporjei 6 7toto9,

"irp07rLvw gov? o *ldp-

ya<$ elirev," w fiao~i\ev, dvBpa "EWyva," rbv

'

A7ro\\ct)viov v7TOfcefc\ifjLevov clvtGs Bellas teal rfj

X€lPL 7rpocrr)/uLaiV(ov, on yevvalos re etrj zeal 0elos.

6 Be fiaaiXeix;, "r)zcovaa" etyr),"7rpocrr}zceiv ^pacorrj

290


Ganymede and of Pelops among the Greeks. And chap.

the earth strewed beneath them grass softer than xxvn

any mattress. And dried fruits and bread and

vegetables and the dessert of the season all came in,

served in order, and set before them more agreeablythan if cooks and waiters had provided it ;

now twoof the tripods flowed with wine, but the other two

supplied, the one of them a jet of warm water andthe other of cold. Now the precious stones importedfrom India are employed in Greece for necklaces

and rings because they are so small, but among the

Indians they are turned into decanters and wine

coolers, because they are so large, and into goblets of

such size that from a single one of them four personscan slake their thirst at midsummer. But the cup-bearers of bronze drew a mixture, he says, of wineand water made in due proportions ;

and they pushedcups round, just as they do in drinking bouts.

The sages, however, reclined as we do in a commonbanquet, not that any special honour was paid to the

king, although great importance would be attached

to him among Greeks and Romans, but each tookthe first place that he chanced to reach.

XXVIII

And when the wine had circulated, Iarchas said : chap.

"I pledge you to drink the health, O king, of a xxvm

Hellene," and he pointed to Apollonius, who was \ ^ oJEnreclining just below him, and he made a gesture

°'

with his hand to indicate that he was a noble manand divine. But the king said :

" I have heard that

291

u2

CAP. TOVTOV T€ KCll T0V$ £v TTj tCGOLLT) KaTCtXvOVTCls"

"opOws," e<p7],

"real d\i]0(o<; rjKovaas, itceivos yap

/cavravOa %evlêi avTov." "li/" e(f>rf,

"eiriTT)-

BevovTa ;

" "tl B' aXXo 76," elirev,

"7) direp

iiceivos ;

" "ovBev," e<j)r},

"£evov elprjKas aaira-

%6/xevov eTTLT^hevaiv, r) pL7]Be e/cetvo) ^vve^copyae

yevvalut yeveaOai" 6 /nev Br) ^\dpya<$,"

a(0(ppovi-

arepov" e<f>rj,

"<y fiaaiXeu, irepl (piXocro(f>La<; re teal

<$>paa>TOV ylyvoyafce, tov puev yap %p6vov, ov pueipd-

kiov rjcOa, lEvveyj&pei <roi r) v€ott)<; ra roiavra,

iirel Be e'9 avBpas iâWdrrei^ r/Br), <j)eiB(op,e0a twv

CLVOrjTWV T€ /COL €V/c6\c0V." 6 Be 'AtToAAoWo? €pp,7]-

v€vovtos tov ^\dpya,"aol Be tl,* e(f>rj,

"a> /3aat\ev,

to pur) (frikoao^rjcrai BeBo)K€V ;

" "epuol Be dpeTrjv

irdaav teal to elvai pue tov avTov tS>f

HXtco." 6 Be

eTno-TopLt^cov aitTov tov tv(()ov"

el e<\)iXoo-o<$>eL$,"

elirev," ovk civ raOra wov ."

"o~v Be, eireiBr) (f>i\o-

aocpeis, a> /3e\Tt,o~T€," €<f>r),

"tl irepl aavTOv oiei ;

"

" to ye dvrjp" ecfrr),

"dyadbs Bo/celv, el

(f>t,\o-

aocpOLrjv" dvaTeivas ovv ttjv y/lpa e? tov

ovpavov,"

vrj tov^YLXlovT e<f>y> "QpacoTov /xecn-09

ijfcets" 6 Be ep/xaiov ye eirotâaTO tov Xoyov /cal

viro\a/3d)v, fl ov puaTTjv diroBeBr)pbr]Tai pboi," elirev,

"el <£>paa)Tov pieaTos yeyova' el Be tcaieeivqy vvv

292


he and the persons who are halting in the village chap.

belong to Phraotes." xxvrn

"Quite right/' he answered, "and true is what

you heard : for it is Phraotes who entertains himhere also." "

What/' asked the king,"

is his modeof life and pursuit?" "Why, what else/' replied

Iarchas,"except that of that king himself?" a It is

no great compliment you have paid him," answeredthe king,

"by saying that he has embraced a mode

of life which has denied even to Phraotes the chance

of being a noble man." Thereupon Iarchas

remarked :" You must judge more reasonably, O

king, both about philosophy and about Phraotes : for

as long as you were a stripling, your youth excused

in you such extravagances. But now that you have

already reached man's estate, let us avoid foolish andfacile utterances." But Apollonius, who found an

interpreter in Iarchas, said :

" And what have yougained, O king, by refusing to be a philosopher?""What have I gained? Why, the whole of virtue

and the identification of myself with the Sun."

Then the other, by way of checking his pride and

muzzling him, said :

" If you were a philosopher, youwould not entertain such fancies." "And you,"

replied the king," since you are a philosopher, what

is your fancy about yourself, my fine fellow?"" That I may pass," replied Apollonius,

" for being a

good man, if only I can be a philosopher."

Thereupon the king stretched out his hand to

heaven and exclaimed :

"By the Sun, you come here

full of Pliraotes." But the other hailed this remark

as a godsend, and catching him up said :" I have not

taken this long journey in vain, if I am become full

of Phraotes. But if you should meet him present 1 v.

*93

CAP. ivrvxois, irdvv <f>r}a€L<;avrbv e/jLOV fiearbv elvai,

xx m/ecu ypdcpeiv Be virep ifiov 737)09 ere eftovXero, dXX*

eTreiBr) eej>aer/cev dvBpa dyaObv elval ere, 7raprjrr]-

ad/jirjv rbv o^Xov t% eincrroXris, eirel firjBe e/eelvco

ri? virep ifwv eireerreCXevr

XXIX

xxix ^ l^v ^ TTpcbrr] irapoLvla rod fiaaiXecos ev-

ravOa eXTjgev' d/covera<$ yap eiraivelaOai avrbv virb

rod tppacorov, rr)<; re viro^ia^ eireXdOero /cal

iMpel? rod rbvov,"^aipe," eeprj,

"dyaOe %eve" 6

Be 'A7ToAAgWo9,"

fcal erv, fiaaiXevT elirev,"eoc/ca<;

yap vvv rficovri""Tt? ere," eej>rj,

"717)09 r)fxd<$

rjyayev ;

" "ovroi," elirev,

"ol Oeol re /cat erofyol

avBpes?"irepl epuov 8e," ecprj,

"&> feve, T69 \0y09

ev rots "RXXrjcriv ;

" "6V09 y€,

nelire,

"/cal irepl

'FXXrjvcov evravOa." "ovBev? eef>r),

"ra>v 7rap*

"KXXrjcriv eyeoye Xoyov dgtco.""dirayyeXoy ravraT

elire,"

real erree\>avwerovert ere ev 'Q\vp,7ria."

XXX

cap. Kcu 7rpoer/cXi6et<; rep ^\dpya," rovrov fiev," eeprj,

"fjbevveiv ea, erv oe ptot etire rov %apiv T0V<> wept

avrbv rovrovs, dBeXepov, &>9 (pare, /cat vlbv ovras

ovk d^tovre /cotvrjs rpairet,^, ovBe aXXTjs rip,fj<;,

ovBepttas" "on," e(prj t "fiaertXeveretv rrore fjyovvrcu,

294


you will certainly say that he is full of me ; and he chap.wished to write to you in my behalf, but since he XXVIIr

declared that you were a good man, I begged himnot to take the trouble of writing, seeing that in his

case no one sent a letter commending me."

XXIX

This put a stop to the incipient folly of the king ; chap.for having heard that he himself was praised by

XXIX

Phraotes,he not only dropped his suspicions,but lower- h"ui«

ing his tone he said :

"Welcome, goodly stranger."

But Apollonius answered :

" And my welcome to

you also, O king, for you appear to have only justarrived." "And who," asked the other,

" attracted

you to us ?" " These gentlemen here, who are both

Gods and wise men." " And about myself, Ostranger," said the king, "what is said amongHellenes?" "Why, as much," said Apollonius,"as is said about the Hellenes here." "As for

myself, I find nothing in the Hellenes," said the

other," that is worth speaking of." "

I will tell

them that," said Apollonius," and they will crown

you at Olympia."

XXX

And stooping towards Iarchas he said: "Let him CHAPY V V

go on like a drunkard, but do you tell me why do younot invite to the same table as yourselfnor hold worthy (

'

f the'XiKesof other recognition those who accompany this man, in ™ w»v

though they are his brother and son, as you tell me ?"

"Because," said Iarchas,

"they reckon to be kings

295

cap. Bee Be aurou? vTrepopco/nevovs iraiBeveaOai to fir)

virepopav." o/crco/catBe/ca Be opcov toi>9 ao(f)ov<;

irdXiv rbv 'Idp%av r/pero, tl /3ovXolto avrols to

elvai togovtovs; "ovre yap roiv rerpayoovcov 6

apL0fji6<;, ovre rcov evBo/ccfiovvrcov re /cal TifKo/xevayv,

/caOdirep 6 rcov Be/ca /cal 6 rcov BcoBe/ca /cal 6

e/c/catBe/ca /cal ottogol roiolBe" viroXaftoov ovv 6

'IySo9," ovre r)}JbeZ<i" €<f>r),

"dpidfia) BovXevofiev ovre

dpidfios rjfjulv, dXX diro co<j6ta9 T€ ical dperrjs

7rpOTi/jL(o/jL€0a, /cal ore fiev irXeiovs rcov vvv ovrcov

eapbev, ore Be eXdrrovs. tov toi ttclititov rbv

ifiavTOv d/covo) /caraXeÔrjvai, fiev e'9 e/3Bofirj/covra

o-o<f)OV<; dvBpa?, vecorarov avrbv ovra, irpoeXOovra Be

€9 rpid/covra /cal e/carbv errj /caraXeÔrjvai fiovov

evravOa, too /jltJt e/ceivcov riva XeiireaOai en, firjre

elvau ttol rore rr)<; 'IvBi/crj? r) <fiiX6o~o(f)ov r) yevvaiav

(pvaiv. AlyvTTTLcov TOivvv ev Tofc evBaifioveo-Tdrois

ypayjrdvrcov avrov, eTreiBr) fiovos ercov reTrdpcov e%rj-

yrjo-aro tovtov tov dpbvov, iraprjvei iravoraaOai

ovetBiôvra^ 'IvBols aocfrcov oXiyavBpiav. r)fiels Be,

a) 'AiroXXcovie, /cal rd 'JlXelcov irdrpia AlyvTTriwvd/covovres /cal tol»9 'EXXavoBl/cas, ot 7rpotaravTat-

tS)v 'OXv/jlttlcdv, Be/ca ovras, ov/c eiraLvovfiev rbv

vofiov rbv eirl TOt9 dvBpdai /ceifievov, /cXrjpw yap

^vyywpovcn rr)v a'tpecnv, 09 irpovoel ovBev, /cal yapdv /cal tcov (pavXorepcov t*9 alpeOelrj virb tov

/cXrjpov. el Be ye dpiarivB^v r) /cal /card tyrjcpov

ypovvTO tou9 dvBpa<;, ov/c dv rjfidpravov; irapa-

296


one day themselves, and by being made themselves chai\to suffer disdain they must be taught not to disdain xxx

others." And remarking that the sages were

eighteen in number, he again asked Iarchas, whatwas the meaning of their being just so many and nomore. "

For," he said," the number eighteen is not a

square number, nor is it one of the numbers held in

esteem and honour, as are the numbers ten andtwelve and sixteen and so forth." Thereupon theIndian took him up and said :

" Neither are webeholden to number nor number to us, but we oweour superior honour to wisdom and virtue ; andsometimes we are more in number than we now are,and sometimes fewer. And indeed I have heard thatwhen my grandfather was enrolled among these wise

men, the youngest of them all, they were seventy in

number, but when he reached his 130th year, hewas left here all alone, because not one of themsurvived him at that time, nor was there to be found

anywhere in India a nature that was either

philosophic or noble. The Egyptians accordinglywrote and congratulated him warmly on being left

alone for four years in his tenure of this throne, buthe begged them to cease reproaching the Indiansfor the paucity of their sages. Now we, O Limitation

Apollonius, have heard from the Egyptians of the not

custom of the Elians, and that the Hellanodicse, who SHFSJXepreside over the Olympic games, are ten in number ; by merit

but we do not approve of the rule imposed in thecase of these men

;for they leave the choice of

them to the lot, and the lot has no discernment,for a worse man might be as easily chosen by lot as a

better one. On the other hand, would they not makea mistake, if they had made merit the qualification

297

cap. ttXtjctLcos' 6 yap rcov Be/ca dpt,6p,b<; dirapalrriro^

cov r) rrXeiovcov ovrcov dvBpcov BiKaicov dcprjpelro av

eviov9 to eirl rovrco ripudaOai, rj ovk ovtcov Bucaicov

Beica ovBels Bolder b'Oev iroXXco aocpcorepov ecf>p6-

vovv av HXetot, dptOpuco fiev aXXore dXXoi ovres,

BiKaiorr]rt Be ol avroi"

XXXI

cap. Tavra aTrovBdtovras avrovs 6 BaaiXevs eic-AAAl

Kpovetv erreiparo, Bueipycov avrovs iravros Xoyovteal del ri eparXrjKrov ical dp,a6e<; Xeycov. irdXiv

ovv rjpero virep rod tnrovBd^oiev, 6 Be 'ArroXXcovios,"BiaXeyopieda jjlIv virep fieydXcov /cat rcov Trap

"FiXXrjtriv evBoKificoTCLTCdv, av 8 ctv fiiKpa ravra

rjyoto, cprjs yap BiafiefiXrjaOai 7rpo<? rd 'JLXXrjvcov.""Bia/SeftXyfiat puev dXrjOco?" elirev,

" dtcovaai

B' ofico? /3ovXopuac, Boicelre yap fiot Xeyetv vrrep'

AOrivaicov, rcov Eepifov BovXcov" 6 Be,"

V7rep

aXXcov ixevT €(f)7j,

"BiaXeyo/neOa, errel 8' droirco^

re Kal tyevBcbs^

AOrivaicov eTrepuv^adri^, ifcelvos puoi

elire' eiai croi, f3aaiXev~, BovXot ;

" "Biapivpioi"

ecprj,

" Kal ovBe ecovrjpiai ye avrcov ovBeva, dX\!

elalv olfcoyevets irdvres" ircikiv ovv rjpero eppbrj-

vevovros rov 'Idp%a, irorep avrbs diroBiBpdaKOL

rovs avrov BovXovsrj

ol BovXoi eicelvov, 6 Be

298


and chosen them by vote? Yes, a parallel one, for if you chap.are on no account to exceed the number ten, there may

xxx

be more than ten just men, and you will deprive someof the rank which their merits entitle them to, whileif on the other hand there are not so many as ten,then restriction of the number is meaningless.Wherefore the Elians would be much wiser-minded,if they allowed the number to fluctuate, merelyinsisting on justice as a qualification for all alike."

XXXI

While they were thus conversing, the king kept chap.

trying to interrupt them, constantly breaking offXXI

their every sentence by his silly and ignorant vindicates*

remarks. He accordingly again asked them whatSj*

eelP from

they were conversing about, and Apollonius replied : upon them" We are discussing matters important and held in by the ku,g

great repute among the Hellenes; though you would

think of them but slightly, for you say that youdetest everything Hellenic." "

I do certainly detest

them," he said, "but nevertheless I want to hear;for I imagine you are talking about those Athenians,the slaves of Xerxes." But Apollonius replied :

"Nay,,

we are discussing other things ; but since you havealluded to the Athenians in a manner both absurdand false, answer me this question : Have you,O king, any slaves ?

" "Twenty thousand," said

the other," and not a single one of them did I buy

myself, but they were all born in my household."

Thereupon Apollonius, using Iarchas as his inter-

preter, asked him afresh whether he was in the habit

of running away from his slaves or his slaves from

299

CAP.{j/3pl£(DV CIVTOV,

" TO fl€V 6/)ft)T?7yLta," €<j>7),

"dvBpa-

7ro8ft>8e9, oyL6(w? £' ovv aTrotcpivofACU tov aTroBiBpd-

(T/covra BovXov re elvai teal aWcos /ca/cov, BeairoT^v

Be ovk dv diroBpdvai tovtov, bv eêanv a\)Tw

aTpeflXovv re koi âiveivT"ovkovvT etyr], "w

ftacrikev, BovXos elvai'

Adrjvalcov Heyo^? virb aov

aTToirefyavTCU /cat &>? /ca/ebs BovXos diroBpdvai,

avrovs, r)TT7)$el<; yap vii avrcov rfj vavfiaîa rfj

irepl ra arevdy teal BeLaas irepl rai<; ev 'FWrjaTrcvTW

<T)(ehiai<$ ev fica vrjl e<f>vye""

teal firjv /cal

eveTTprjaev" ecf)rj,

"ra? 'AOrfvas tgu? eavrov

yepGivT o Be 'AttoWcdvios," tovtov fiev" elirev,

"o) ftaaiXev, tov ToXfirjfAaTos eBco/ce hi/cas, oj?

ov7rco t^9 eTepos' ov$ yap airoXcoXe/cevai weTO,

tovtovs airoBpds eoêTO. eyco Be /cal tcl Repôv

Oecopcov eVt puev ttj Btavoiq, /caO' rjv eaTpaTevaev,

rjyoi/Jirjv av avTov a%tco<$ BoâaOrjvai eviois, oft

Zeu? eirj, iift Be ttj (pvyfj /ca/coBai[AoveaTaTov

dvOpcorrcov V7rei\r)<f)a- el yap ev %e/3<jl t&v

„ 'ILWtfvcDV diredave, Tt<? fxev av Xoyoov XapurpoTepwv

r)i;i(o@r) ; tg> 8* dv fieiâ) Tacpov eirearjpLijvavTO"

FjWrjves ; dycavia B' evo7r\io? teal dycovia fiovai/ci]

Tt? ovk dv eV avTw eTeOrj ; el yap MeXi/cepTac /cal

UaXaifjLOves /cal UeXoyfr 6 eTrrjXvTrjs AvBos, ol fxev

eTi TTpb<$ pua^fh diroOavovTes, 6 Be tt\v 'Ap/caBlav Te

/cal tt)v'

ApyoXiBa /cal ttjv eWo? 'laOfiov BovXco-

o~dp,evo<s, e? deiav /jlvtJ/jLtjv virb t&v 'JLXXijvcov

300


him. And the king by way of insult answered him : chap."Your very question is worthy of a slave, never- XXXI

theless I will answer it : a man who runs away is not

only a slave but a bad one to boot, and his masterwould never run away from him, when he can if helikes both torture and card him." " In that case,"said Apollonius,

" O king, Xerxes has been provedout of your mouth to have been a slave of the

Athenians, and like a bad slave to have run awayfrom them ; for when he was defeated by them in thenaval action in the Straits, he was so anxious abouthis bridge of boats over the Hellespont that he fled

in a single ship.""Yes, but he anyhow burned

Athens with his own hands," said the king. AndApollonius answered :

" And for that act of audacity,

king, he was punished as never yet was any otherman. For he had to run away from those whom he

imagined he had destroyed ;and when I contemplate

the ambitions with which Xerxes set out on his

campaign, I can conceive that some were justified in

exalting him and saying that he was Zeus; but when

1 contemplate his flight, I arrive at the conviction

that he was the most illstarred of men. For if hehad fallen at the hands of the Hellenes, no onewould have earned a brighter fame than he. For to

whom would the Hellenes have raised and dedicated

a loftier tomb? What jousts of armed men, whatcontests of musicians would not have been instituted

in honour of him ? For if men like Melicertes andPalaemon and Pelops the Lydian immigrant, the

former of whom died in childhood at the breast,while Pelops enslaved Arcadia and Argolis and the

land within the Isthmus,-—if these were commemor-ated by the Greeks as Gods, what would not

301

cap. ijpOijcrav, tl ov/c av eirl Hep^r) eyeveTO Lit dvBpcoV

aairaô/jbevcov Te aperas (frvaei /cal eiraivov ai/Twv

rjyovfievcov to eiraLvelv oi)<; viicwaiv ;

"

XXXII

cap. Tavra tov 'AttoWoovlov XeyovTos e? Bd/cpva

airrjÔif) 6 jSaaCkevs, /cat,,"

a) (friXraTe" elirev,"

o'iovs avBpas epp,r)veveL<; fioi Tov$r

'R\\7)va<; elvai.""irbOev ovv, o) fiaaLXev, âXeirS)^ 7rpo9 avTovs

eZ^69 ;

" "BiafidWovo-Lv" elirev,

"co feve, to

'

KWrjvwv yevos ol ef AlyvirTOV tyoLTWVTes evTavOa,

o-<f)d<; fiev avTovs lepovs re /cal ao(povs airofyaivovTes/cal vofio0eTa<; Qvai&v re /ecu Te\eTcoi>, oTroaas

vo/jllôvo-lv ol "FiWrjves, e/ceivov<; Be ovBev vyieselvai (pdcr/covTes, aX)C vfipiGTas Te /cal £vy/c\v8a<;

ical dvapylav iracrav /cal fivdoXoyovs /cal TepaTO-

\6yovs, /cal 7revr)Ta<z fiev, evSei/cvv/jbevovs Be tovto

ov% C09 cre/jivov, a)OC virep ^vyyvcofirj^ tov /ckeiTTeiv,

gov Be d/covcov TavTa /cal 07ra>9 <J)l\6tl/jlol Te /cal

%pY)GTol elai, airevBofJuai Te Xolttov toU "TLWrjai,/cal BuBoy/M avTols eiratvelarOai Te vtt* ifiov /cal

ev'XecrOai pie virep '^Wrjvcov o tl BvvapuiL /cal tovs

AlyvTTTiov? vn e/nov aTTiaTelcrOai" 6 Be 'lapâs,"/cayco" e<f>7],

"co fSaaiXev, eytyvcocr/cov, otl gol tcl

SiTa BiefyOopev virb tcov AlyvTTTLcov tovtcov, Birjeiv

Be virep 'EWrjvcov ovBev, eaV av ^vpuftovkov1 tolov-

tov Tvyr}^, aX}C eirel j3e\TLcov yeyova<; {jit* civBpbs1 So Olearius : Kaiser $vn&6\ov.

302

LIFE OF APOLLONlllS, BOOK III

have been done for Xerxes by men who are by chap.

nature enthusiastic admirers of the virtues, and XXXI

who consider that they praise themselves in praisingthose whom they have defeated ?

"

XXXII

These words of Apollonius caused the king to chap.

burst into tears, and he said :" Dearest friend, in what xxxn

an heroic light do you represent these Hellenes to re^nt"g

me." "Why then, O king, were you *so hard upon and blames

them ?" " The visitors who come hither from Egypt, sSerers

O guest," replied the king, "malign the race of

Hellenes, and while declaring that they themselvesare holy men and wise, and the true law-givers whofixed all the sacrifices and rites of initiation which are

in vogue among the Greeks, they deny to the latter

any and every sort of good quality, declaring them to

be ruffians, and a mixed herd addicted to every sort

of anarchy, and lovers of legend and miracle mongers,and though indeed poor, yet making their povertynot a title of dignity, but a mere excuse for stealing.But now that I have heard this from you andunderstand how fond of honour and how worthy the

Hellenes are, I am reconciled for the future to

them and I engage both that they shall have mypraise and that I will pray all I can for them, andwill never set trust in another Egyptian." ButIarchas remarked :

ft I too, O king, was aware that

your mind had been poisoned by these Egyptians ;

but I would not take the part of the Hellenes until

you met some such counsellor as this. But since

you have been put right by a wise man, let us

303

cap aocfrov, vvv fiev i)[MV i) TavrdXov <f>iXoT7]aia

TTiveaOco /cal /caOevBcofiev Bl a XPV vvKTwp(TTTovhaaai, Xoycov Be 'KXXrjvi/cwv, TrXelcrToi £'

OVTOt, TCOV KCLT dvdpOOTTOV?, 6fJL7r\l]<TG) G€ XoLlTOV €JOD

âtpovra, oirore dcf)L/coio. /cal dfjua e£r}p%e tol<;

^VfJUTTOTCUS TTpCOTO? €? T7)V (fudXrjV /CV7TTCOV, T) Be

eiroriêv l/cavw? iravra^, to yap vdjuua dtyOovws

eireBLBov, /caddirep Br) to?9 Trrjyaiois dvaBiBo/Jbevois,

67TL6 T€ Kol 6'

AtToXXcDVIO?, V7T€p y&p (^XoT^TO?'IzÔfc? TO TT&TOV TOVTO €VpTjTai. TTOLOVVTai Be

avrov olvoyoov TdvraXov, iireiBrj faXi/ccbraTO?

dvdpdoTTayv eBoêv.

XXXIII

cap. Uiovras Be avrovs eBeâro r) yq evvais, as avrrjXXXIITf / , \ £\ Xc. / 5 / « N

virearopw. eirei be vv£ fiearj eyevero, Trpcorov fjuev

dvaaravTes rrjv d/crlva /jbereoypoi v/juvrjaav, coairep

ev ttj /jLeo~r}fjL/3pia,elra tw fiaacXel %vveyevovTO,

oTroaa eBelro. irapaTVêlv fiev ovv rbv 'AttoXXco-

viov oI? eairovBaaev 6 ftaaCXevs ov fyrjaiv 6 Adjus,

oleaOai S' avrov irepl twv Tr}<; dp%f}s diropprjrwv

rr}V ^vvovalav TrewoiTJaOai. dvaas ovv a/xa rnxepa

irpoarjXOe to)'

AttoXXcovlcd /cal e/cdXei iirl fevia e'9

Tfl fiacriXeia, ^rjXwrbv diroirepêiv (pda/ccov e?

"EXX^m?, 6 Be eirrjvei fiev ravra, ov p,r)v eiriBcoaeiv

ye eavTov efyaatcev dvBpl fiyBev o/jlolw, /cal aXXcos

3°4


now proceed to quaff the good cheer provided by CHAP.

Tantalus, and let us sleep over the serious issuesxxx "

which we have to discuss to-night. But at anothertime I will fill you full with Hellenic arguments,and noother race is so rich in them, and you will delight in

them whenever you come hither." And forthwith

he set an example to his fellow-guests by stoopingthe first of them all to the goblet, which indeedfurnished an ample draught for all

;for the stream

refilled itself plenteously, as if with spring waters

welling up from the ground ; and Apollonius also

drank, for this cup is instituted by the Indians as a

cup of friendship ;and they feign that Tantalus is

the wine-bearer who supplies it, because he is

considered to have been the most friendly of men.

XXXIII

And when they had drunk, the earth received chap.

them on the couches which she had spread for them ;

but when it was midnight they rose up and first refuse"the

they sang a hymn to the ray of light, suspended Jjngs offev

aloft in the air as they had been at midday ;and then hospitality

they attended the king, as long as he desired.

D.imis, however, says that Apollonius was not

present at the king's conversation with them,because he thought that the interview had to do

with secrets of state. Having then at daybreakoffered his sacrifice, the king approached Apolloniusand offered him the hospitality of his palace,

declaring that he would send him back to Greece an

object of envy to all. But he commended him for his

kindness, nevertheless he excused himself from

305

VOL. I. X

cap. 7r\€LG) xpovov (i7roSr)fjL(ov rod el/coro? alayyveaOairovs oIkol <pl\ovs uTrepopaadcu Sotcovvras. clvtl-

ftoXelv Be tov jBaaiXews <fido-/covTos, /cal dveXev-

Oepcos t]8t] 7rpo(TK€L/jLevov,"ftaaLXevs," ecprj,

"raireL-

vbrepov avrov irepl wv alrel BiaXeyoiievos einPov-Xevei." irpoveXOctiv ovv 6 ^\dpya<$,

"dBi/ceis"

elirev,"

o> (SacnXev, rbv lepbv ol/cov, dirdywvevOevBe dvBpa d/covra, /cal aA,\a>9 rcov irpoyiyvw-(TKOVTCOV OVTOS 0)V olBe T^ ^VVOVaiCLV <XVT(p T7]V

7T/909 (T6 /AT) 67T dyaOfp Tffl 6CLVTOV eao/jLevrjv, lo~q)<;

Be ov& avro) dot xprjarov ti eôvaavT

XXXIV

cap.fO fjuev Br) Karrjeu e'9 tt)v /ccofirfv, 6 yap #607x09

tS)v (Tocpcov ov ^vve^copet, ra> /3aacXet ^vvelvai

o~$io~iv virep fiiav rj/juepav, 6 Be 'Idp%as 7r/?09 tov

dyyeXov,"/cal Ad/iiv," elire,

"TOiv Beupo diropp^Twv

dl-Lovfiev /cal rj/cerco, rciiv Be dXXcov eiripieXov ev rfj

/co)fjLr)." 'II9 Be d<f)LKeTO, l~vvLtyio~avT€S, coenrep

elcoOeaav, ZvveyjApovv tw'

AttoXXoovlo) epcorav,

rjpero re etc tlvcov £vy/ceio-0ai rbv /cocrp,ov i)yolvro,

oi Be ecpacrav,"

i/c aToiêicov""/jlwv," ecfrr),

" tgt-

rdpcov ;

" " ov Terrdpcov" ecf)7j6 'Idpâ?,

" dXXdTrevTe."

"/cal tl av"

ecf)7),

"irepbirrov yevoiro

irapa to vBcop re /cal rbv depa /cal rr)v yrjv ical to

306


inflicting himself upon one with whom he was on no chai\

sort of equality ; moreover, he said that he had XXXIH

been longer abroad than he liked, and that he scrupledto give his friends at home cause to think they were

being neglected. The king thereupon said that heentreated him, and assumed such an undignifiedattitude in urging his request, that Apollonius said :

" A king who insists upon his request in such termsat the expense of his dignity, is laying a trap."

Thereupon Iarchas intervened and said :" You

wrong, O king, this sacred abode by trying to dragaway from it a man against his will

;and moreover,

being one of those who can read the future, he is

aware that his staying with you would not conduceto his own good, and would probably not be in anyway profitable to yourself.

"

XXXIV

The king accordingly went down into the village, chap.

for the law of the sages did not allow a king to be XXXIV

with them more than one day ; but Iarchas said to J^ctfthat

the messenger :* We admit Damis also hither to the cosmos

our mysteries ; so let him come, but do you look

after the rest of them in the village." And whenDamis arrived, they sat down together, as they werewont to do, and they allowed Apollonius to ask

questions ; and he asked them of what they thoughtthe cosmos was composed ;

but they answered :" Of

elements." "Are there then four ?"he asked. " Not

four," said Iarchas, "but five." "And how can there

be a fifth," said Apollonius, "alongside of water and air

x 2

FLAVIUS PHlLOSTRATUS

(a p.Trvp;

" "6 aWijp" elirev,

"ov lyyelaOcu xpr/ y^veatv

6eo)V elvai, ra puev yap rov depos eX/covra OvrjTa

irdvra, rd Be rod aWepos dOdvard re Kal Oeia."

ttoKiv rjpero, ri twv o~7oiyeiwv irpcorov ykvono, 6

Se 'lapâs,"bpov" e<pr],

"iravra, to yap ^wov

Kara jiepos ov Ti/CT€rai.'[ "%wov," ecjyrj,

"rjywpai

rbv Koa/jbov ;

" "tfv ye," e(f>7],

"vyiws yiyvcoo-Krjs,

auTo? yap ^(poyovel TrdvTC^""Orjkvv" elirev,

" avrbv KaXwpev rj rrjs apaevos re /cat dvriKet,-

/j,evr)<; (pvcrecos ;

" "d/upoiv" e(f>r],

"avrbs yap avrw

%vyyLyvofJievos rd pLt]Tpo<; re teal 7raTy0O9 69 rrjv

^qmyoviav TrpdrreLêpcord re eavrov io-êi)0epp6-

repov f) erepov tl erepav, o? dpfioTrei avrbv icaX

^vvigt7)giv'\ direiKo^ Be ovSev eavrw ^vpb(f>veaOai.

/cat wairep %ei,p(bv re Kal iroSwv epyov TreTroirjrai

7) TOV fa>Of KIV7]<71^ Kal 6 ev avru) vovs, vcj)ov

opfjua, ovtgos r)yd)/jL€@a Kal rd pêprj rod Koapiov Sid

rbv e/ccivov vovv eir ti tfSeia irapeêiv aura TOt?

TiKTopLevois re Kal KvovpuevoLS irdo-i. Kal yap ra

irdOt) rd ef avy^posv (froiTcovra Kara rbv eKeivov

(f>oira vovv, eireiSdv eKirecrovaar) Slkt} tcov

dv0p(*)7r(ov artyu-ft)? irpdrTr), iroipalveTai re %e^/ot

ov pud roSe to %(pov, dWd iroXkah re Kal

dpp/jrot^, ah ^pr\Tai, dâXiVcorov puev Sid peyeOos,

evrjVLov Be Kivelrac Kal evdycoyov.

308


and earth and fire ?" " There is the ether/' replied chap.

the other, "which we must regard as the stuff of XXXIV

which gods are made ; for just as all mortal creatures

inhale the air, so do immortal and divine naturesinhale the ether." Apollonius again asked whichwas the first of the elements, and Iarchas answered:"All are simultaneous, for a living creature is notborn bit by bit." "Am I," said Apollonius, "to

regard the universe as a living creature?" "Yes,"said the other,

"if you have a sound knowledge of

it, for it engenders all living things." "Shall I

then," said Apollonius," call the universe female, or

of both the male and the opposite gender?" "Ofboth genders," said the other,

" for by commerce with

itself it fulfils the role both of mother and father

in bringing forth living creatures;and it is possessed

by a love for itself more intense than any separate

being has for its fellow, a passion which knits it

together into harmony. And it is not illogical to

suppose that it cleaves unto itself;for as the move-

ment of an animal is obtained by use of its handsand feet, and as there is a soul in it by which it is

set in motion, so we must regard the parts of the uni-

verse also as adapting themselves through its inherent

soul to all creatures which are brought forth or

conceived. For example, the sufferings so often

caused by drought are visited on us in accordance with

the soul of the universe, whenever justice has fallen

into disrepute and is disowned by men;and this

animal shepherds itself not with a single hand only,but with, many mysterious ones, which it has at its

disposal ;and though from its immense size it is

controlled by no other, yet it moves obediently to

the rein and is easily guided.

3°9

XXXV

xxxv" âL 7raP^€l7/jLa ^v 0VK ol& 6 n ap/ceaei tw

Xoytp fieytarcp re ovtl /ecu Trpoaco evvolas, viro-

Keuj6<o Be vavs, oiav AlyvTrrioi ^WTiOevres 6? rrjv

uaXarrav rrjv r}p,e8a7rr)v d<j)idcnv, dywyipLcov'IvBi/ccov avTihthovres Alyv7rria' Oea/iov yapiraXaiov irepl rrjv 'JLpvOpdv 6W09, ov fiacriXevs

'EpvOpas evopuaev, ore 7-779 6aXdrrrjq eiceLvr)*; r)p%e,

fiaKpto jjuev irXoi(p pur) eairXelv e? avrrjv AlywnrLovs,

arpoyyvXy B' av pua vrji ^prjadai, aofyiôvraiirXoiov AiyvTTTioi 7r/)09 iroXXa tcov Trap erepois,

Kai 7rapa7rXevp(baavT€<; avrb dpp,oviai<;, biroaai

vavv %vvL<na<TL, roiyoi*; re imepapavres koX lajw

teal irr}%apL€voi irXeiovs olKias, ocas eirl twv aeXpud-

TODV, TToXXol pL6V KVêpVTjTai T?}? V€(0<; TaVTTjS VTTO

T(p itpea/3vtarea re real aocpcordrw irXeovai, iroXXol

Be Kara irp&pav ap'xpvres dpicnoi re /cat Beîol

vavrac /cat Trpbs laria irrjBaiVTes, eo~Ti Be ri tt/s

vea)<; ravTTjs /cal orrXirevov, 77-^09 yap TOV9 koXttl-

t«9 fiapfldpovs, 01 ev Be&a rod eairXov fcelvrai,

TrapardrreaOaL Bel rrjv vavv, ore Xrjlôtvro avrrjv

eTTLTrXeovres. rovro rjydopieOa /cal wepl rovBe rbv

Koo-puov elvai, Oecopovvres avrbv 737)09 to rrjsvavri-

Xuas o~%r)pa, rrjv p.ev yap Brj TrpcoTrjv Kal reXeMrd-

rrjv eBpav diroBoreov 6eq> yeveropi, rovBe rod ttyov ,

U9


XXXV

" And the subject is so vast and so far transcends chap.our mental powers, that I do not know any example

xxxv

adequate to illustrate it ; but we will take that of a * S£ari8011

ship, such as the Egyptians construct for our seas worl.

d to

and launch for the exchange of Egyptian goodsa * 1P

against Indian wares. For there is an ancient law in

regard to the Red Sea, which the king Erythras laid

down, when he held sway over that sea, to the effect

that the Egyptians should not enter it with a vessel

of war, and indeed should employ only a single mer-chant ship. This regulation obliged the Egyptiansto contrive a ship equivalent to several at once ofthose which other races have ; and they ribbed thesides of this ship with bolts such as hold a ship

together, and they raised its bulwarks and its mast to

a great height, and they constructed several compart-ments, such as are built upon the timber balks whichrun athwart a ship, and they set several pilots in this

boat and subordinated them to the oldest and wisestof their number, to conduct the voyage ; and therewere several officers on the prow and excellent and

handy sailors to man the sails;and in the crew of

this ship there was a detachment of armed men, for

it is necessary to equip the ship and protect it againstthe savages of the Gulf that live on the right handas you enter it, in case they should ever attack and

plunder it on the high seas. Let us apply this

imagery to the universe, and regard it in the light of

a naval construction;for then you must apportion

the first and supreme position to God the begetterof this animal, and subordinate posts to the gods

Mi

cap. Tijv Be iir eKeivrj Oeols, 01 ra fiiprj avTOV KvftepvwGi,/cat to>v ye 7tol7]twv d

r

TToBeyd>pe6a, eireiBdv ttoXXovs

puev (pdaKwaiv ev to> ovpavcp Oeovs elvai, ttoXXovs

Be ev OaXaiirj, woXXov^ Be ev Trrjyais re ical vd/xaao,

ttoXXovs Be irepl yrjv, elvai Be ical vtto yrjv

Tivas- tov Be vtto yr)v tottov, elirep ecrruv, iireiBr}

(frpt/CGoBr) aVTOV KCLl $9apTlKOV aBoVCTLV, aTTOTaTTCO-

fiev tov Koo-p,ov"

XXXVI

SJîfj Tavra tov 'IvBov BieXOovTOS, e/crreo-elv 6 AdatsAAAVJ ^ f , , v f nr

eavTOv (prjaiv vtt eKTrXr)j~ews, teat avapoâat pbeya,

fir) yap dv 7TOT6 vo/Jbiaat, dvBpa 'lvBbv e? tovto eXd-

gcli yXwTTTj^ *EXXdBo<;, yu^S' dv, elirep ttjv yXcot-tclv 7)TtLo~TaTO, ToafjBe evpoia ical tbpa BieXOeZv

TavTCt. eiraivel Be avTOv ical j3Xep,pa tcai pêiBlapaical to firj dOeel Bo/celv e/ccfrepetv Ta? Boâs. tov

TOl''

KlToXXdiVLOV €Va^7]/JiGV(0^ T6 KaX dÔ(f)?]Tl TOt?

Xoyois j^pcapLevov opuws eiriBovvai pueTa tov 'IvBbv

tovtov, ical oirov ica0i]p,€vo<; BiaXeyoiTO, Sapid Be

tovto eirpaTTe, irpoaeoc/cevai tu> 'Idpâ.

XXXVII

xxxvn EiratveaavTcov Be twv aXXrov 7r/?o? tt} (povfj ra

elprjp.eva, irdXiv 6'

AttoXXoovi q? rjpeTO, iroTepa tt/v

OdXaTTav pet^co r)yolvTO r) ttjv yijv, 6 Be 'lapâs,

312


who govern its parts ;and we may well assent to the CHAP.

statements of the poets, when they say that there xxxv

are many gods in heaven and many in the sea, and

many in the fountains and streams, and many roundabout the earth, and that there are some even underthe earth. But we shall do well to separate from theuniverse the region under the earth, if there is one,because the poets represent it as an abode of terror

and corruption."

XXXVI

As the Indian concluded this discourse, Damis chap.

savs that he was transported with admiration andOflinis

applauded loudly ;for he could never have thought applauds

that a native of India could show such mastery of Iarchas

the Greek tongue, nor even that, supposing heunderstood that language, he could have used it withso much ease and elegance. And he praises the

look and smile of Iarchas, and the inspired air with

which he expressed his ideas, admitting that Apollo-

nius, although he had a delivery as graceful as it wasfree from bombast, nevertheless gained a great deal

by contact with this Indian, and he says that when-ever he sat down to discuss a theme, as he very often

did, he resembled Iarchas.

XXXVII

As the rest of the company praised no less the chap.

contents of Iarchas' speech than the tone in which XXXVII

lie spoke, Apollonius resumed by asking him, whichJfJjJJtJ

they considered the bigger, the sea or the land ; and earth

3 T 3

cap. "el fjuev 77/30? rr)v OaKarravT ecfrr},

"r) yq eêrdôiro,

/j,ei&jyv earai, rrjv yap OdXarrav avrrj e%ei, el Be

irpbs irdcrav rriv uypav ovalav Oewpolro, ijrrco rrjv

yrjv airoâivoifxeda dv, teal yap €K€LV)]v rb vBwp

(j>epei."

XXXVIII

cap. Meratjv Be ra)v Xoycov rovrwv e$io~rarai rot?

aofyois 6 dyyeXos 'IvBovs aycov crojrrjpias Beo/uevovs.

teal Traprjye yvvatov Itcerevov virep iraiBos, bv ecfrao-tce

jnev etcfcaiSeKa err) yeyovevat, Bai/Jiovdv Be Bvo err],

to Be r)6os rov Baifiovos eepcova elvai teal yfrevaryv.

epofievov Be twos rwv o-o(f>wv, orroOev Xeyoi ravra," rov 7rat5o9 tovtov" e(j>y,

i(

rr)v otyiv evirpeTreare-

pov 6W09 6 Balficov epa, teal ov ^vy^copel avru> vovv

eyeiv, ovBe e'9 BiBacr/cdXov fiaBicrat idrj ro^brov,

ovBe oikol elvai, dX)C e'9 rd eprj/xa rcov ^coplcov etc-

rperrei, teal ovBe rr)v (pMvrjv rrals rr)v eavrov e%ei,

dXXa ftapv (pOeyyerai teal tcolXov, warrep oldvBpes,

PXeirei he. erepois 6(f>OaXfio2<; fiaXXovr) rots eavrov.

tcdyco fiev eVl tovtols tcXdco re teal ifiavrrjv Bpvirra)

teal vovOero) rov vlbv, birbaa el/cos, 6 Be ovk olBe

fie. Btavoovfieviis Be /jlov rr)v evravOa 6B6v, rovrl

Be irepvai Bievorj07]v, e^rjyopevaev 6 Balficov eavrov

vTTOKpirfi xpcofievos rco iratBi, teal Brjra eXeyev elvai

fiev etBcoXov dvBpbs, 09 TroXefxw irore drreOavev, ciito-

Oavelv Be epebv rrj<; eavrov yvvaitcos, eirel Ber)

3*4


Iarchas replied :

" If the land be compared with the chap.

sea^ it will be found to be bigger, for it includes the XXXVH

sea in itself; but if it be considered in relation to

the entire mass of water, we can show that the earthis the lesser of the two, for it is upheld by thewater."

XXXVIII

This discussion was interrupted by the appearance chap.

among the sages of the messenger bringing in certainxxxvm

Indians who were in want of succour. And he hS?^**

brought forward a poor woman who interceded in demoniac

behalf of her child, who was, she said, a boy of°y

sixteen years of age, but had been for two years•

possessed by a devil. Now the character of the

devil was that of a mocker and a liar. Here one of

the sages asked, why she said this, and she replied :

" This child of mine is extremely good-looking, andtherefore the devil is amorous of him and will not

allow him to retain his reason, nor will he permithim to go to school, or to learn archery, nor even to

remain at home, but drives him out into desert

places. And the boy does not even retain his ownvoice, but speaks in a deep hollow tone, as men do

;

and he looks at you with other eyes rather than withhis own. As for myself I weep over all this, andI tear my cheeks, and I rebuke my son so far as I

well may ; but he does not know me. And I made

up my mind to repair hither, indeed I planned to doso a year ago ; only the demon discovered himself,

using my child as a mask, and what he told me was

this, that he was the ghost of a man, who fell long

ago in battle, but that at death he was passionately

315

CAPryVVT) 7T€pl TT)V €VVT}V vftpLGe TpiTCLLOV KeifieVOV yCL-XXXVIII m f f ^ \ i / \

firjueicra ereptp, /jbiarjaai puev e/c tovtov to yvvaiKwv

epdv, /lerappvfjvai Be e? tov iralBa tovtov. xjit-

io"XyecTO Be, el pur) BiaftdXXoipu clvtov irpbs {7x0:9,

Bcoaeiv to) iraiBl ttoXXcl eaOXa Kal dyaOd. eyo)

fiev Br) eiraOov tl irpbs tclvtcl, 6 Be Bidyei pie ttoXvv

tjBtj %povov fcal tov epibv oIkov eyei puovos, ovBev

pieTpiov ovBe aXrjOes fypovoyvT r\peTO ovv 6 aocpbs

jrdXiv, el 7rXrjaiov eU] 6 irats, t)Be ovk

e(f)7],iroXXa

p,ev yap virep tov d(j)tKeaOai avTov irpd^ac, "6 6°

direiXel KpTjpuvovs Kal j3dpa9pa Kal diroKTevelv puoi

tov vlov, el SiKa£oipL7]v avTfp Bevpo.""Odpcret,"

e(j)7]6 (70009,

" ov yap diroKTevel avTov dvayvovsTavTa" (cat Tiva eTnaToXrjv dvacnrdaas tov koX-

ttov eBo)fce ttj yvvai/cl, eireaTaXTO he apa 7)eiri-

gtoXt) irpbs to eiBcoXov %vv direiXfj Kal eKirXr)%ei.

XXXIX

cap. Kal purjv Kal ^wXevwv tis dfyliceTO, yeyovws p,ev

JjBtj Tpid/covTa eTii, XebvTwv Be 6r)paTr)s Beivos,

e/jLTreTTTO)kotos Be avTw XeovTos ioXicrQr)K,ei. tov

yXovTov Kal tov aKeXovs eTepax; ^X€V ' dXX* at

%et/5e? a\)T<p KaTa^fwaai tov yXovTov, is bpObv tov

{3aBiapLaT0<; 6 veavias rjXOe. Kal 6<f}6aXp,(b Be tls

eppvrjKcbs a7rr}X0t ttclv e%cov to ev avrot? <£w?, Kal

316


attached to his wife. Now be had been dead for bfiAP.

only three days when his wife insulted their union byXXXN '"

marrying another man, and the consequence wasthat he had come to detest the love of women, andhad transferred himself wholly into this boy. But he

promised, if I would only not denounce him to your-selves, to endow the child with many noble blessings.As for myself, I was influenced by these promises ;

but he has put me off* and off for such a long time

now, that he has got sole control of my household,

yet has no honest or true intentions." Here the sageasked afresh, if the boy was at hand

;and she said

not, for, although she had done all she could to gethim to come with her, the demon had threatened

her with steep places and precipices and declared

that he would kill her son, "in case," she added,"

I

haled him hither for trial."" Take courage," said

the sage," for he will not slay him when he has read

this." And so saying he drew a letter out of his

bosom and gave it to the woman;and the letter, it

appears, was addressed to the ghost and contained

threats of an alarming kind.

XXXIX

There also arrived a man who was lame. He chap.

already thirty years old was a keen hunter of lions ;'XXX1X

but a lion had sprung upon him and dislocated unhealedhis hip so that he limped with one leg. Howeverwhen they massaged with their hands his hip, the

youth immediately recovered his upright gait. Andanother man had had his eyes put out, and he went cure of a

away having recovered the sight of both of them. blind ,uan

317

cap. aXXos T7)V \elpa dBpavrjs &v, eyreparr)? ooyero.

71^?/ Be Tt? e7TT<x 77077 yaarepas BvaroKovaa Beojie-

vov virep avrfj^ TavSpbs wBe IdOrj' rbv dvBpa e/ce-

Xevaev, eireiBav tl/cttj tj yvvr), Xaycov virb koXttcd

^covra eaêpeaOai ov ru/crei, kclL TrepieXOovra avrrjv

a<f)€tvai o/jlov rov Xaycov, avve/cBoOrjvai yap av tw

ifAfipvo) ttjv jJurjTpav, el fir) 6 Xayax; avri/ca e%eve-

yQeiri 6vpa%€.

XL

cap. Harpbs o° av twos elirovTos, a>9 yevoivro fiev

avrq> iralBes, diroddvotev Be ojxov t& apâcrdaiolvov Triveiv, viroXaftanv elirev 6 'lapâs,

"teal

fteXriovs clttoQavowee eyevovro, ov yap av Bce-

(pvyov to fir) fiavrjvai, OeppuoTepayv, a>9 (palverao,

a-Trep/ndrcov (frvvres. olvov fiev ovv depe/creov rot?

ef v/bicov, ft>9 Be firjBe e? eiridvpiav irore olvov fcara-

crraZev, el aoi irdXiv iraiBtov yevotro, yeyove Be

ej3B6fj,r)v f)jjbepav, 009 opco, ttjv yXavica ttjv opviv

Xpr) eTTL^vXdrTeiv, ov veorrevei, koX ra ooa enrd-

aavra Bovvau pbaaaadat ra>{3pe<f>et, o-v/njj,erpco<;

ktyovra, el yap (3poolerai ri tovtcov, irplv olvov

yevaerai, /xlaos avra> 7rpo9 rbv olvov e/jLCpvo'erai,

Kal aco^povearara Bca/ceio-erac, /ulovov %vyiceKpa-

fjuevos tov ev rf} cpvaet Oeppuov."

Tovtwv ovv ejjLTTLirXdfjbevoi Kal tol/? avBpas etc-

318


Yet another man had his hand paralysed, but left chap.

their presence in full possession of the limb. And aXXXIX

certain woman had suffered in labour already sevenparalytic

times, but was healed in the following way throughthe intercession of her husband. He bade the man, of a

whenever his wife should be about to bring forth her womau b/_ ... . ill means of a

next child, to enter her chamber carrying in his live hare

bosom a live hare;then he was to walk once round

her and at the same moment to release the hare ;

for that the womb would be expelled together withthe foetus, unless the hare was at once driven out.

XL

And again a certain man who was a father said chap.that he had had several sons, but that they had XL

died the moment they began to drink wine. Iarchas who°(iied

took him up and said :"Yes, and it is just as through

well they did die, for they would inevitably have w?ne

gone mad, having inherited, as it appears, from their

parents too warm a temperament. Your children,"he added,

" must therefore abstain from wine, but in

order that they may be never led even to desire wine,

supposing you should have another boy, and I per-ceive you had one only six days ago, you must care-

fully watch the hen owl and. find where it builds its

nest; then you must snatch its eggs and give them to

the child to chew after boiling them properly ; for if

it is fed upon these, before it tastes wine, a distaste

for wine will be bred in it, and it will keep sober byyour excluding from its temperament any but natural

warmth."With such lore as this then they surfeited

319

XL'

7r\r}TT0/jL€V0t, t% 69 irdvTa ao<f)Las ira/jLTroWovs

oo~r]\xepai Xoyovs r/pcoTcov, ttoWovs Be /cal ai/Tol

rjpcorcovro.

XLI

x4J T?}? fiev ovv BiaXe/CTifcrjs %vvovaias apicpco fier-

elôv, Ta? Be d7TopprJTOV<? vrrovBas, al? daTpi/crjV

i] fiavreiav /carevoovv /cal ttjv irpoyvwaiv eairov-

Baôv, dvaioiv T€ rjirrovTO /cal KXijaecov, at? 6eol

âipovai, puovov cprjalv 6 Ad/Ms tov 'AttoXXcovlov

^v/n(j)i\o(TOcpeiv Tft) ^\dpya, ical £vyypdijrai fiev

e/celOev irepl fiavTeias darepcov ftifiXovs rerrapa^,

G)V /ecu Moipayevrjs iirefivijaOr], ^vyypdyjrac Be irepl

Ovaiodv ical &)? av Tt? 6/cacrrft) dew Trpoacpopax; re

/cal iceyapiopLevcos 6vol. tc\ puev Brj twv do-repcov

/cal ttjv roiavTTjv fiavTiK7)v irao-av virep rrjv

dvQpwneiav rjyovfiat, (pvaiv, /cal ov& el /ce/CTrjral

T£? olBa, to Be irepl Ovaiwv ev ttoXXois pcev lepols

evpov, ev iroXXacs Be iroXeai, ttoXXols Be dvBpcov

croepwv 01/cois , /cat roc,1 av ris eppLrjvevoi ai/To, ae/jLvoos

^vvrerayfxevov /cal /cara ttjv ^%ft> tov dvBpos.

(prjcrlBe 6 Adpus /cal Ba/CTvXcovs eirrd tov 'Idp%av

1Kayser reads : koI t'i &v, which is unintelligible.

320


themselves, and they were astonished at the many- chap.sided wisdom of the company, and day after day they

Xli

asked all sorts of questions, and were themselvesasked many in turn.

XLI

Both Apollonius and Damis then took part in the chap.

interviews devoted to abstract discussions ; not soXLI

with the conversations devoted to occult themes, in warkonwhich they pondered the nature of astronomy or

"Jjjj

divination, and considered the question of fore- mentioned

knowledge, and handled the problems of sacrificeJjLjJjJ

1"*

and of the invocations in which the gods take

pleasure. In these Damis says that Apolloniusalone partook of the philosophic discussion togetherwith Iarchas, and that he embodied the results in

four books concerning divination by the stars, a

work which Moiragenes has mentioned. AndDamis says that he composed a work on the way to

offer sacrifice to the several gods in a mannersuitable and pleasing to them. Not only then do I His work on

regard the work on the science of the stars and thesacnfice

whole subject of such divination as transcendinghuman nature, but I do not even know if anyone has

these works ; but I found the treatise on sacrifices

in several temples, and in several cities, and in the

houses of several learned men ;moreover if anyone

who should translate lit, he would find it to be a

grave and dignified composition, and one that ringsof the author's personality ?v And Damis says that

1 In Bk. IV. ch. 19, we are told that this book waswritten in the Cappadocian tongue. Hence the need of

translation.

321

VOL. I.

cap. TO) 'AiroXkaypia) hovvai twv eirra eirupvpLOVs

aarepwp, 0O9 (fropelv top ÂttoWcoplop tcara epa 717309

to, opofxara twp rjfiepcop.

XLII

cap. Ylepl 8e Trpoypa)o~eco$ \6yov avrols irore optos,XLII .

, f f r\ 1 t

KCLl TOV AlToWcOPlOV 1TpO(T/C6LJJLePOV TJJ 0~0(pLa

ravry, teal ra<; ttXgiovs tcqp BiaXetjeayp e<? tovto

^vpreipopros, iiraLPOiP avrbp 6 'Ia/râ?,"

01

fiaPTLicfi" €<f)r},

"yaip0P7£S, (*) XPVar^ AiroXkoopie,

Oeloi re vtt^ avrrj<$ yiypopiai koX 71750? crcorTjpiap

ap0pQ)7rcop TTpdrrovcri. to yap, a yjpr) e? Oeov

acfriKOfjiePOP ebpeaOai, ravra av, w ^pâre, e<j>

eavrov wpoiheaOai irpoeiirelp re erepois, a purjirw

taraai, irapoXftlov tipo<$ riyovpuaL fcai tclvtop

lo"XyovTO$ t<£ 'AttoWcopl t& Ae\(piK(p. eirel he rj

T^XVV T0 ^"> £*> Oeov(f)o

itcopra? eVt tw XprjcracrOai

tcaOapov? /ceXevei fiaSi&pras <f>oirap, 7)

"egiOt rov

pea)"

777)09 clvtovs epel, ho/cel poi zeal top irpoypco-

crdjxepop apSpa vyitos eavrov exeiv > Kai MTe ^V^â

TTpoa/iepLaxPai rfj ^v^fj ^hepuiap, fiijre ov\a?

apLapTij/jLarcop eprervTrcoaOat rfj ypcopurj, /caOaptos

Be avTOP TTpocprjTevetP eavrov /cat rov irepl tw

o~T€pP(p rpiiTohos avpiepra' yeycoporepop yap ovrco

/cal aXrjOeo-repop ra \6yia i/cScoaei. 60ep ov %pr)

OavfjbdêLP, el teal av ttjp eTno-TrjfiTjp %vpei\rj<f)a$

roaovrop ep rfj 'yjrv'xfj (pepcop aiOepa.

-\22


Iarchas gave seven rings to Apollonius named after chap.the seven stars, and that Apollonius wore each of XLI

these in turn on the day of the week which bore its

name.

XLII

As to the subject of foreknowledge, they presently chap.had a talk about it, for Apollonius was devoted to this

XLn

kind of lore, and turned most of their conversations divinationon to it. For this Iarchas praised him and said :

of the

« My good friend Apollonius, those who takeu ure

pleasure in divination, are rendered divine thereby t/

and contribute to the salvation of mankind. Forhere we have discoveries which we must go to a

divine oracle in order to make; yet these, my good

friend, we foresee of our unaided selves and foretell

to others things which they know not yet. ThisI regard as the gift of one thoroughly blessed andendowed with the same mysterious power as the

Delphic Apollo. Now the ritual insists that those

who visit a shrine with a view to obtaining a

response, must purify themselves first, otherwise

they will be told to udepart from the temple."

Consequently I consider that one who would fore-'

see events must be healthy in himself, and mustnot have his soul stained with any sort of defile-

ment nor his character scarred with the woundsof any sins

;so he will pronounce his predictions

with purity, because he will understand himself andthe sacred tripod in his breast, and with ever louder

and clearer tone and truer import will he utter his

oracles. Therefore you need not be surprised, if youcomprehend the science, seeing that you carry in

your soul so much ether."

323

Y 2

XLIII

CAP. Kttfc âpC€VTL^6/JL€V0^ dfia TTpoS TOV Ad/ILV,"

(TV 8'

XLIII >^/ y% >/, / j A / v «ovoev, e(prj,

l

irpoyiyv(£>aKe^, Aaavpie, /ecu ravra

%vvoav dvBpl toiovto) ;

" "vrj A* ," ei7re,

" rd ye

€fiavra> dvayKala' eireiBr) yap Trpcorw eveTvyov tw

*A7roWG)VL(p TOVT(p, KCU<JO($)ia<; fjLOl €$0%€ 7r\eo>9

BeiVOTTJTOS T€ /CCll <JW$pOGVVY)S KCU TOV /CapT€p€lV

0/900)9, €7rel Be /ecu pbvrj/jLoavvrfv ev avrS elBov,

TToXv/JLaOeCTTClTOV T€ Kal ^LXo/jLadta^^TTCOyBaL/jLOVLOV

tl fjLOl iyevero, zeal %vyyevo/xevos clvtS) o-o</>o9 p<ev

(prjdrjv B6£eiv ef IBuotov re zeal daocfrov, ireiraiBev-

fjuevos Be e/e ftapftdpov, eirofievo*; Be avrw Kal

^vairovBdêov oyjrecrdac juuev *\vBov<$, oêaOai Be

vfAas, ''FiWrjci re eirifiiêiv(

"&Wr)v vtt avrov

yevojievos. rd fiev Br) vjnerepa irepl /xeydXcov ovra

AeXepovs r)yelo~6e Kal AfoBoovrjv Kal 6 ti f3ov\eo-0e,

Tafia Be, eireiBr) Adjus p,ev 6 TrpoycyvcodKoov avrd,

TrpoyiyvaxTKei o° virep avrov /jlovov, ypahs eareo

dyvprpias /JLavrevofievr)<; virep Tcpoftariwv Kal t<ov

towvtcov"

XLIV

cap. 'Errl TOVTOts puev By eyeXaaav olo~o(j)ol Trdvres,

Karao-rdvTOs Be rod ye\coTO<; eiravrfyev 6 'lapâs

324


XLIII

And with these words he turned to Damis and chap.

said playfully : U And you, O Assyrian, have you no XLHIi

foreknowledge of anything, especially as you associate p^mon-with such a man as this ?

" "Yes, by Zeus," answered itions

Damis," at any rate of the things that are necessary

for myself; for when I first met with Apolloniushere, he at once struck me as full of wisdom andcleverness and sobriety and of true endurance ; butwhen I saw that he also had a good memory, andthat he was very learned and entirely devoted to

love of learning, he became to me somethingsuperhuman ;

and I came to the conclusion that if I

stuck to him I should be held a wise man instead of

an ignoramus and a dullard, and an educated maninstead of a savage ; and I saw that, if I followedhim and shared his pursuits, I should visit theIndians and visit you, and that I should be turnedinto a Hellene by him and be able to mix with the

Hellenes. Now of course you set your oracles, as

they concern important issues, on a level with those

of Delphi and Dodona and of any other shrine youlike

;as for my own premonitions, since Damis is the

person who has them, and since his foreknowledgeconcerns himself alone, we will suppose that theyresemble the guesses of an old beggar wife foretellingwhat will happen to sheep and such like."

XLIV

All the sages laughed of course at this sally, and CHAP.

when the laughter had subsided, Iarchas led back thexuv

3 2 5

CAP. e<? TOP 7T€pl Tt}? /XaVTiKT}^ XoyOV, KCLl TToXXa fl€V

avrrjv dyaOa eXeye tovs avOpamovs elpydaOai,

fieyiarov Be to t% larpiKrjs Bwpov ov yap av

7TOT6 tol>? aocpovs'

ActkXtjttmSa? e? iiricmj/jLrjv

rovrov irapeXOelv, el fir) irals 'AttoXXcovos 'Acr/eX?;-

7rto9 yevofjuevos, /ecu /card ra<; i/celvov tyrjpuas tg

kcli \xavTeia<$ tjvv0el<; ra 7rp6a<popa rats vogols

(pdp/jiaKa, Trawl re eavrov TrapeBooKe, Kal toi>?

%vvbvra<; eBcBdâro, rlvas fiev Sec irpocdyeiv 7roa9

vypols eXKeat, rivas Be av^pb^pol^ Kal tjrjpols,

%vfJLp,erpia<; re ttotl/jlcov (pap/maKcov, vcp' mv vSepoi

dm oyer evovrai, koX al/xa iayerai, (pOoai re irav-

ovrai Kal ra ovrco KolXa. Kal ra rwv Io(3oXgw

Be ctKrj Kal to Tot? lofloXois avTols 69 TvoXXd TWV

voarf/jbdrcov XprjaOai tl^ dcpaiprjaerai rrjv fiavTi-

kyjv ; ov yap jxoi Bokovgiv dvev t% irpoyiyvw-

o~kov(T7]s aocpias 6apo~r)crai irore dvOpcoiroc ra

iravTcav 6Xe0pLQ)Tara fyapfJLaKwv eyKarapZât Tofc

adoôvenv.

XLV

cap. 'Eêl Be Kal oSe 6 X0709 dvayeypairrai tw Ad-

pLiBi, GTTovBaaOels eKel irepl rcov ev *\vBols /jlvOoXo-

yovjJLevcav Orjpicov re Kal Trrjywv Kal dvOpwirwv,

/jLijS* ifiol TrapaXenreaOco, Kal yap KepBos dv eirj

fjir)T€ TricrTevetv, /jlt}T€ diriGTeZv irdo'iv. rjpero yap

Br) 6 'ArroXXcovios,"

eart, tl fyoov evravQa fiapTL-

326

argument to the subject of divination, and among chap.

the many blessings which that art had conferredXLIV

upon mankind, he declared the gift of healing to be andthe most important.

"For/' said he, "the wise sons medicine

of Asclepius would have never attained to this <*/

branch of science, if Asclepius had not been the son

of Apollo ;and as such had not in accordance with the

latter' s responses and oracles concocted and adapteddifferent drugs to different diseases

; these he not

only handed on to his own sons, but he taught his

companions what herbs must be applied to run-

ning wounds, and what to inflamed and dry wounds,and in what doses to administer liquid drugs for

drinking, by means of which dropsical patients are

drained, and bleeding is checked, and diseases of

decay and the cavities due to their ravages are put an

end to. And who/' he said," can deprive the art of

divination of the credit of discovering simples whichheal the bites of venomous creatures, and in particularof using the virus itself as a cure for many diseases ?

For I do not think that men without the forecasts of

a prophetic wisdom would ever have ventured to

mingle with medicines that save life these most

deadly of poisons."

XLV

And inasmuch as the following conversation also chap.

has been recorded by Damis as having been held XLA

upon this occasion with regard to the mythological mythicalanimals and fountains and men met with in India, I

jnimaistf

must not leave it out, for there is much to be gained

by neither believing nor yet disbelieving everything.

Accordingly Apollonius asked the question, whether

3 2 7

cap. x°Pa<> ;" o Se'Ia/râ?, "/ecu Tuva" ecfrrj," cfrvcriv tov

%<pov tovtov rj/covaas ; eltcbs ydp teal irepl eiBovs

avrov ri XeyeaOai.""Xeyerat," elire,

"pêydXa

teal aiTidra, TeTpdirovv puev yap elvai avro, tt)v

tce(f)aXr)v Be dvOpcoTrq) eltcdcrQai, XeovTi Be wfioLco-

o~6ai to fieyeOos, tt)v Be ovpav tov Oypuov tovtov

Trrjxvalas etcêpetv /cal dtcavOooBets Ta? Tpiyâs, a?

ftdXXeiv coenrep TOêv/juaTa 69 tou<? OrjpwvTas auTo."

epopuevov Be avTOif teal rrepl tov ypvaov vBaTO<;, 6

(paaiv etc 77777% ftXvêiv, koi irepl tt}? -yjrôv 7-779

direp 7) /uLayvrJTis ttoiovgt)*;, dvOpdiircov re virb yi)v

oIkovvtwv teal irvypbaiwv av teal o-KtairoBwv, vtto-

Xaficbv 6 'Idpyas,"

irepl jnev ^rpcov r) (pvTwv," elirev,

r) jrrjycov, wv avTos evTavOa r)tecov elBes, tl av aoi

Xeyoi/JLL ; o~bv yap ?]Brj vvv e^7]yela6at avTa eTepoi?'

6r)piov Be TOêvov fj ypverov irriyds vBaTOs ovttco

evTavOa rjtcovcra.

XLVI

xlvi"

Ile/ol fievTOi 7-779 yfrfypov 7-779 e7rio"7ro)/.ievrj<; re

teal tjvvBovcTTjs eavTrj XiOovs eTepas ov yp?) diriaTelv

€(ttl ydp aoi teal IBelv ttjv XiOov, teal Oavpidaat to,

ev avTrj irdvTa. yiyvei at puev ydp 1) fieylaT7} teaTa

ovvya BatCTvXov tovtov," Bellas tov eavTov uvti-

yeipa,"

tevlateeTai Be ev yfj kolXtj (BdOo^; opyvial

T6TTa/9€9, ToaovTOV Be avTfj irepieGTi tov irvev-

328


there was there an animal called the man-eater chap.

(rnartichoras) ;and Iarchas replied : "And what have XLV

you heard about the make of this animal ? For it

is probable that there is some account given of its

shape." "There are/' replied Apollonius, "tall

stories current which I cannot believe ; for they saythat the creature has four feet, and that his headresembles that of a man, but that in size it is

comparable to a lion; while the tail of this animal

puts out hairs a cubit long and sharp as thorns,which it shoots like arrows at those who hunt it."

And he further asked about the golden water which

they say bubbles up from a spring, and about thestone which behaves like a magnet, and about themen who live underground and the pigmies also andthe shadow-footed men

;and Iarchas answered his

questions thus :" What have I to tell you about

animals or plants or fountains which you have seen

yourself on coming here ? For by this time you are

as competent to describe these to other people as I

am; but I never yet heard in this country of an

animal that shoots arrows or of springs of goldenwater.

XLVI

" However about the stone which attracts and chap.

binds to itself other stones you must not be sceptical ;

for you can see the stone yourself if you like, and pantatuadmire its properties. For the greatest specimen is

stone

exactly of the size of this finger nail," and here he

pointed to his own thumb," and it is conceived in a

hollow in the earth at a depth of four fathoms ; but it

is so highly endowed with spirit, that the earth swells

3 29

cap. /xaTO?, &)? viroiBelv rrjv yrjv Kal Kara iroXXd

prjyvvcrdai KVLaKop,evrj$ iv avrfj rrjs XlOov. /ia-

crrevaai Be avrrjv ovBevl eêanv, drroBiBpaaKei yap,el fir) /nerd Xoyov dvaairwro' a)OC rjfiels jiovoi rd

jxev Bpdaavres, ra Be elrrovre? dvaipovfieOa rrjv

7ravrdp/3rjv ovopua yap avrfj rovro. vv/crwp fiev

ovv rjfiepav avatyaivei, fcaOairep rb irvp, ean yap

Trvpar) /cat aKrivcoBrjs, el Be fieO' rjjiepav opwro,

ftdXXet toi»? 6<j)0a\/JLOvs fiapfxapvyal^ jxvpiais. rb

he iv avrfj <£co? irvevfid ianv dpprjrov lo-%vo<;, irav

yap rb iyyvs iciroiel avrfj. rl Xeyw to iyyvs;ean gov XiOovs, oiroaa? ftovXei, Karairovrwaai

nroi r) ra)v rrorapuoyv rj t% OaXdrrrj^, Kal pur/Be

iyyvs dXXrjXoyv, dXXa airopaBas Kal a>9 erwyev,

r) Be 69 avras KaOtjjLrjOelaa, ^vXXeyerai rrdaa^ rfj

rod Trvevjiaros BiaBoaec, Kal viroKeiaovrai avrfj

porpvBbv at Xidoi, KaOdirep crpLrjvos"

XLVII

cap. Kal elrrwv ravra eBetê rrjv XiOov avrrjv re KalXLVI1

r , > /^ V SM ' » *» 5oiroaa epyaêrai. tou? be irvyjiaiovs oiKetv fiev

viroyelovs, KelaOai Be virep rbv Tdyyrjv, ^covras

rpoTrov o? ttclgiv eiprjrai, GKidiroBas Be dvOpoo-

7rou? rj /jLaKpoKecfrdXovs rjbiroaa ^KvXaKos %vy-

ypa(f>al irepl rovrcov cLBovglv, ovre aXXoae rroi ftio-

reveiv rr)^ yr)<$ ovre p,rjv iv 'IvBols.

33o

LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, "BOOK III

and breaks open in many places when the stone is chap.YT VI

conceived in it. But no one can get hold of it, for it

runs away, unless it is scientifically attracted ; but wealone can secure, partly by performance of certain

rites, and partly by certain forms of words, this

paniarbe, for such is the name given to it. Now in the

night-time it glows like the day just as fire might,for it is red and gives out rays ;

and if you look at it

in the daytime it smites your eyes with a thousand

glints and gleams. And the light within it is a spiritof mysterious power, for it absorbs to itself everythingin its neighbourhood. And why do I say in its

neighbourhood? Why you can sink anywhere in

river or in sea as many stones as you like, and these

not even near to one another, but here there and

everywhere ;and then if you let down this stone

among them by a string it gathers them all together

by the diffusion of its spirit, and the stones yield to

its influence and cling to it in a bunch, like a swarmof bees."

XLVII

And having said this he showed the stone itself chap.

and all that it was capable of effecting. And as toXLVn

the pigmies, he said that they lived underground, pigmies

and that they lay on the other side of the Gangesand lived in the manner which is related by all. Asto men that are shadow-footed or have long heads,and as to the other poetical fancies which the

treatise of Scylax recounts about them, he said that

they didn't live anywhere on the earth, and least of

all in India.

33*

XLVIII

xmti'tt*®p ^ °pvTT0V(TL XPV<T0V oi ypvês, ireTpai elalv

olov cnrivOrjpaiv eaTiypuevai rats tov y^pvaov

paviaiv, a? XiOorofiel to Oijpiov tovto ry tov pdpu-

(ftovs la^vi. ra yap Orjpia ravra elvai re iv

'IvBois fcal lepovs vopîêaOai tov 'HXlov, TeQpnnrdre avTMV viroêvyvvvai to£? dydXpiaai tou?tov "HXiov iv *\vBoh ypdfovras, p,eyeQ6<s re

/cal oXktjv eiKaaOai avTovs to£? Xeovaiv, viro Be

irXeovefyas twv Trrepwv clvtols re etceivois iiriTi-

deaOai, Kal tojv eXecjjdvrcov Be /ecu BpaKOVTcov

vireprepovs elvai. TrerovTai Be ovttco fieya, dXX*

ocrov ol ftpayyiropoi opvides, pur) yap iiTTiXoiaOai

o-<f>d$, ft)? opviai irdrpiov, dX)C vpueai tovs rapaovsv<pdv0ai irvpaols, ft»9 elvai KV/cXcoaavras irereaOai

re /cal e/c puerecopov p,dyeaQai, ttjv Tiypiv Be avTols

dvdXcoTov elvai, puovrjv, iireiBrj to Tayo's avrrjveoriroiel to?? dvepiois.

XLIX

cap. Kal tov (jyolvi/ca Be tov opviv tov Bid irevTa-

/coaicov eTwv e? AtyviTTov r)/covTa, ireTeauai puev ev

ttj 'IvBi/cf) tov xpovov tovtov, elvai Be eva, e/cBiBo-

pievov tcov d/cTLVwv Kal ypvaw XdpLirovTa, pbiyeOosdeTOV /cal eiBos, e? /caXidv Te i^dveiv ttjv e/c tov

dpwpiaTos TToiovpuevrfv avT(p 7r/?09 Tat? tov NetXov

TTT)yals. a Be AlyvTTTioi irepl avTov aBovaiv, &>?

e? AiyviTTOV (peperai, Kal 'IvBol %vp,piapTvpovai,

LIFE OF APOLLOMUS, BOOK III

XLVIII

As to the gold which the griffins dig up, there are chap.

rocks which are spotted with drops of gold as withr

sparks, which this creature can quarry because of the griffins

strength of its beak. " For these animals do exist in

India/' he said," and are held in veneration as being

sacred to the Sun ; and the Indian artists, when theyrepresent the Sun, yoke four of them abreast to drawthe images ;

and in size and strength they resemble

lions, but having this advantage over them that theyhave wings, they will attack them, and they get the

better of elephants and of dragons. But they haveno great power of flying, not more than have birds

of short flight ;for they are not winged as is

proper with birds, but the palms of their feet are

webbed with red membranes, such that they are

able to revolve them, and make a flight and fightin the air

; and the tiger alone is beyond their

powers of attack, because in swiftness it rivals the

winds.

XLIX

uAnd the phoenix," he said, "is the bird which visits chap.

Egypt every five hundred years, but the rest of that

time it flies about in India; and it is unique in that phoenh

it gives out rays of sunlight and shines with gold, in

size and appearance like an eagle ;and it sits upon

the nest which is made by it at the springs of the Nile

out of spices. The story of the Egyptians about it,

that it comes to Egypt, is testified to by the Indians

333

FLAV1US PHlLOSTRATUS

cap. rrpocraBovres ro3 Xoyw to rbv fyoivi/ca rbv iv rfjXL1X * « f r ti rl

nKCLKia T7}KO/A€VOV TTpOTre/jLTTTTJpLOVS VpLVOV^ aVTO)

aBeiv. rovrl Be /cal tou? kv/cvovs (j>aac Bpav ol

aocpojrepov avrcov d/covovres.

L

cap. ToialBe fiev at irpbs rovs o~o<j>ov$ ^vvovatatL WttoWcovlw iyevovro ptrjvcov rerrdpcov i/cet Btarpi-

yjravri, /cal tjvWafSovrt \6yov<; (f>avepov<; re /cal

airoppiJTovs itarras, irrei Be iêXavvetv i/3ov\ero,

rbv [lev rjyepiova /cal Ta? /capLrjXovs ireidovatv

avrov airoir eptyjrat ru> ^pacory pter iirtaro\rj<;,

avrol Be rjyeptova erepov /cal Kafirjkov? Bovres

irpoeTT€pJiTov avrov, ei/Baiptovi&vres avrom re

/cd/cetvov. do~7raadpL€voi Be rbv'

AttoWgoviov /cal

Oebv rols ttoWols elvai Boêtv ov reOvewra ptovov,aXka /cal £covra (jyrjo-avres, avrol ptev vrrearpeâv6? TO <$pOVTLO~Tr)pLOV, i7TlO~rp€(f)6pL€VOt 7T/309 TOV

dvBpa /cal BrjXovvres, on a/covres avrov diraWdr-rovrai' o Be 'AttoWcovlos iv Be£ta ptev rbv Tdyyrjv

eywv, iv dpiarepa Be rbv "Tcfracrtv Karrjet irrl rrjv

OaXarrav r)puepci)v Be/ca 6Bbv dirb rod lepov oydov.Kariovai S' avrots TroWal ptev arpovOol etyaivovro,rroXkol Be dyptot fioes, 7roX\ol Be ovoi /cal Xeovres/cal irapBdXeis /cal rlypets, /cal ttiOtJ/ccov yevos

erepov irapd tou? iv rals rreirepiat, ptekavh re yap/cal \do~toi rjaav /cal rd elBrj /cvvetoi /cal apbt/cpotsdvSpoiiroL^ to~ot. BtaXeyoptevot Be irepl rcov opco-

puevwv, oirola etcoOeaav, dcj)t/covro iirl rrjv OaXar-

rav, iv rj /careG/cevaaro ipuTropta pbt/cpd, /cal irXota

334


also, but the latter add this touch to the story, that chap.

the phoenix which is being consumed in its nest XLIX

sings funeral strains for itself. And this is also

done by the swans according to the account of those

who have the wit to hear them.

In such conversations with the sages Apollonius chap.

spent the four months which he passed there, and L

he acquired all sorts of lore both profane andq^sthe'

1*

mysterious. But when he was minded to go on his BratamiM

way, they persuaded him to send back to Phraotes

with a letter his guide and the camels; and they

themselves gave him another guide and camels, andsent him forth on his way, congratulating both them-selves and him. And having embraced Apolloniusand declared that he would be esteemed a god bythe many, not merely after his death, but while hewas still alive, they turned back to their place of

meditation, though ever and anon they turned to-

wards him, and showed by their action that they

parted from him against their will. And Apollonius

keeping the Ganges on his right hand, but the

Hyphasis on his left, went down towards the sea a

journey of ten days from the sacred ridge. And as

they went down they saw a great many ostriches,

and many wild bulls, and many asses and lions and

pards and tigers, and another kind of apes than

those which inhabit the pepper trees, for these

were black and bushy-haired and were dog-like in

features and as big as small men. And in the usual

discussion of what they saw they reached the sea,

where small factories had been built, and passenger

335

cap. Be ev clvtols wppuei iropdpbela TrapairX^cna rots

Tvpprjvol*;. 7Y)V Be OdXarrav rrjv 'YLpvOpdv elvai

/j,€v /cvavcordrrjv, oovofidcrOac Be, o>9 elirov, dirb

'ILpvOpa /3a<TiXeoj<;, o? eircovo/xaaev eavrbv etceivcp

too ireXdyei.

LI

cap. 'EvravOa tj/ccov rd<; puev /capbrfXov? direTrepi'^re too

^\dpya pier eTrtaroXi]^'

"'AttoXXgovw; ^\dpya /cal to?? ejepoi? aofyols

yaipeiv.

d(f>L/copLev<p p,oi ire^f) 7rpb<;ivp,a<; BeBco/care rrjv Od-

Xarrav, dXXa /cal aortas t?}<? ev vplv /coivcovrj-

(ravres BeBco/care /cal Bed rod ovpavov rropeveaOaL.

p,epjvr)Goybai rovrcov /cal 7rpb$r,

'EtWrjva<i, /coivcovijo-co

re Xoycov &)9 irapovGiv vpuiv, el purj pbdrrjv eiriov rod

TavrdXov. eppcoade dyaOol (f)iX6ao(f)OL"

LII

°AP. Auto? Be e7ri,/3d<; vew? efcop,L£ero Xeloo /cal ev(f>6p?

<f>oftepo}<$ Be avrov e/cyelrai' reXevrcbv ydp, co?

e<f>r)v, e? XwPâ êrpcoBr) /cal crrevd /cal /cprjpLvovs

e/CTriirrei, Bi cov /carappijyvv? €? rrjv OdXarrav evl

aropan â\67ro9 Bo/cel Tot? ayav rrj yfj

Trpoa/ceipLevois.

336


ships rode in them resembling those of the Tyrrhenes, chap.

And they say that the sea called Erythra or " red "is L

of a deep blue colour, but -that it was so named froma king Erythras, who gave his own name to the sea

in question.

LI

Having reached this point, Apollonius sent back chap.the camels to Iarchas together with the following

Ll

IaM-ot • Apollonius'lettel •farewellletter to

"Apollonius to Iarchas and the other sages iarchas

greeting.

"I came to you on foot, and yet you presented me

with the sea;but by sharing with me the wisdom

which is yours, you have made it mine even to travel

through the heavens. All this I shall mention to

the Hellenes;and I shall communicate my words

to you as if you were present, unless I have in vain

drunk the draught of Tantalus. Farewell, ye

goodly philosophers."

LII

He then embarked upon the ship and was borne chap.

away by a smooth and favourable breeze, and he was Ln

much struck at the formidable manner in which the

Hyphasis discharges itself into the sea at its mouth ; The mouth

for in its later course, as I said*before, it falls intoHyphasis

rocky and narrow country and over precipices, and

breaking its way through these to the sea by a single

mouth, presents a formidable danger to those who

hug the land too closely.

337

VOL. I. Z

CAP.LIII

FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATU'S

LIII

Kal fir)V Kal to tov 'lvBov GTOfia IBelv cpaai,ttoXlv Be iir avTov KelaOai UdraXa ireplppviovto3 'IvBto, e? fjv to vclvtucov tov *AXej;dvBpoveXOelv, co vavapypv eiriTeTayOai Neapôv ovk

dyv/xvaarov rrjs OaXarrlov rdêcos. a Be 'OpOa-yopa irepl t%

y

JLpv0pa<z elprjTat, Kal on /j,?)T€ ?)

ap/cros ev avrfj tyaivotTO, firjTe crr)fJLaivoivTO rrjv

/jL€0-p,7]{3pLav ol TrXeovres, ol re eiriBrjXoL tcov dare-

pcov etjaXXdrroiev t% eavrcov Taêw?, Bo/cet Kal

Ad/niBi, Kal xprj TTLGTeveiv vyicos re Kal Kararbv 6K6L ovpavbv elprjaOai ravra. /jLvrjpLOvevovaiKal vrjaov puKpas, y ovofxa elvai "BiflXov, ev

fj

to tov Koy^vXlov fjL€<ye@o<; Kal ol fives oarped re

Kal ra roiavra BeKairXdata tcov 'JLXXtjvikcov to

p,eyedo<; rats irerpai^ TrpocnrefyvKev. aXiaKerai Be

Kal XiOos eKel puapyapls ev oarpaKco XevKco KapBLasT07rov eôvcra rco oarpeco.

L1V

cap. Karaaêlv Be <pacri Kal e? UrjydBas t% tcov

'QpeiTcov yoapas, ol Be 'Zlpeirai, \aXKal fiev avrolsal irerpai, âXKi) oe rj tydfxp,o<;, yaXKOvv Be yjrf}yp,a

ol irora/jLol ayovai. pvalriv Be rjyovvrat, ttjv %yr\vBid rrjv evyeveiav tov ôXkov.

338


LIII

They say, moreover, that they saw the mouth of chap.

the Indus, and that there was situated on it the cityLin

of Patala round which the Indus flows. It was to Pataia,ty °f

this city that the fleet of Alexander came, under the

command of Nearchus, a highly trained naval captain. Nearchns

But as for the stories of Orthagoras about the sea oJjhagurascalled Erythra, to the effect that the constellation of

the bear is not to be seen in it, and that the mariners

cast no shadows at midday, and that the visible stars

there vary from their usual positions, this account is

endorsed by Damis ;and we must consider it to be

sound and based on local observations of the heavens.

They also mention a small island, of the name of The isle

Biblus, in which there is the large cockle, and where of Blblus

there are mussels and oysters and such like organisms,

clinging to the rocks and ten times as big as those

which we find in Greece. And there is also taken

in this region a pearl in a white shell, wherein it

occupies the place of the heart of the oyster.

LIV

And they say that they also touched at Pegadae in chap.

the country of the Oreitae. As for these people,J

^^they have rocks of bronze and sand of bronze, and the ot the

dust which the rivers bring down is of bronze. But Oreltae

they regard their land as full of gold because the

bronze is of such high quality.

339

z 2

LV

cap. <$>a<rl Be /cal roh 'IxOvocfrdyois evrwêiv, oh iro-

Xiv elvai ^roftrjpa, Bi<p0epas Be tovtovs evrjcpOai

pieylarcov tydvav, /cal ra 7Tp6/3ara rd e/celvrj iyOv-

coBr/ elvai /cal cpayeiv aroira, tou? yap iroifAevas

ffocr/ceiv avra to*? lyOvaiv, wenrep ev Kapia ro£?

gvkois* Kapfiavol oe 'IvBol yevos rjpepov eviyOv

ovrco vepiovrai OdXarrav, &>? p,r)B' airoOerov^

iroielcrdai tovs /%#i)9, pur/Be, oyairep 6 TIovtos,

Tapiyeveiv, dXX* 6X[yovs puev avrwv diroBiBoo-Oai,

Tou? Be iroXXovs aGiraipovra^ diroBiBovai rf)

OaXdrry.

LVI

cap.UpoaTrXevaai cpaai /cal JSaXdpois, epuropiov Be

elvai rd BdXapa puearov puvppivu)v re /cal (poivi/ccov,

/cal Bdcpvas ev avrcp IBelv /cal irrjyals BiappelaOaito ywpiov. /crjiroL Be oiroaoi rpco/crol /cal oiroaoi

dvdecov ktjttol, ftpveiv avro, /cal Xipuevas p,earov<;

yaXrjvrj^ ev avra> elvai. irpo/celaOai Be rov yj&piovtovtov vrjaov lepdv, fjv /caXeladai êXrjpa, /cal,

ardBia puev e/carov elvai tw iropOpuw, vrfprjiBa Be

ol/celv ev avrfj Beivrjv Baipiova, iroXXovq yap 7<av

irXeovrcov dpirdêiv, /cal purjBe rah vaval ^vyywpelvirelapia e/c t% vrjaov (BdXXeaOai.

34o


LV

And they say that they came across the people chap.

called the Fish-eaters, whose city is Stobera ; andLv

they clothe themselves in the skins of very large ichthy-

fishes, and the cattle there taste like fish and eat °Pha£i

extraordinary things ;for the shepherds feed them

upon fish, just as in Caria the flocks are fed on figs.

But the Indians of Carman are a gentle race, wholive on the edge of a sea so well stocked with fish,

that they neither lay them in by stores, nor salt themas is done in Pontus, but they just sell a few of themand throw back most they catch panting into the

sea.

LVI

They say that they also touched at Balara, which is chap.an emporium full of myrtles and date palms; and LVI

there they also saw laurels, and the place was well ^eNer^dwatered by springs. And there were kitchen

gardens there, as well as flower gardens, all growingluxuriantly, and the harbours therein were entirelycalm. But off the place there lies a sacred island,

which was called Selera, and the passage to it fromthe mainland was a hundred stades long. Now in

this island there lived a Nereid, a dreadful female

demon, which would snatch away many mariners andwould not even allow ships to fasten a cable to the

island.

34i

LVII

£^P- "Ai;iov Be p,r)8e rbv irepl t% erepa? /iapyaplriBo<;

irapeXOelv Xoyov, eVel firjBe 'AttoWcdvlg) p,eipa/ci<A-

8r)<; eBoêv, dXXa irXdrrerat r}8io-ro<; /cal rcov iv rfj

OaXarrovpyia Oavfiaaiooraro^. ra yap rerpapL-

pueva t»)? vrjerov 77/309 to rreXayc*; itrri fiev aTreipos

TrvOfJbrjv OaXdrrrjs, (j>epei Be oarpeov iv iXvrpwXevKco puearbv 7up,eXr}<;, ovBe yap XiOov <pvei ovBeva.

yaXrjvr]v Be i7TL<f>vXdi;avre<z /cal rriv OdXarravavrol Xedvavres, rovrl Be

r\ rod iXalov iiuppor]

irpdrrei, /caraBverat Tt9 irrl rrjv Orjpav rod oarpeov,ra fiev aXXa /carea/cevaapuevos, coarrep ol rd<;

airoyyids /ceipovres, eari Be avrcp /cat ttXivOIs

aiBrjpa /cal dXd/3aarpo<; pivpov. irapiâas ovv 6

^j/So? tw oarpeco BeXeap avrov to puvpov rroielrai,

to Be dvoiyvvrai re /cal pueOvei vii avrov, /cevrpqy

Be BieXaOev dirorrrvei rbv lyjapa, 6 Be i/cBeêrai

avrbv rfj ttXlvOLBl tvttovs opaypvypuevrj. XiOovrai

Be to evrevOev /cal pvOp,iêrai, /caOdirep rj cjyvaei

puapyapk, /cdariv fj pLapyapls alpua Xev/cbv e%

epvOpas rr}<; OaXdrrr]<;. iirirlOeaOai Be rfj Orjpa

ravry /cal tou9 'ApdfiuW9 (jyaalv avrnrepasol/covvras. to Be evrevOev OrjpLcoBi] puev rrjv

OdXarrav elvai irdcrav, dyeXdêaOai Be iv avrfjra Krjrrt, rds Be vavs epvpua rovrov /ccoBcovoôpeiv

Kara irpvpivav re /cal irpqypav, rrjv Be ?}%&>

i/cirXrirreiv rd Oypla, /cal puii idv ipuireXdêiv

rats vaval.

342

LIFE OF APOLLONTUS, BOOK III

LVII

It is just as well not to omit the story of the other chap.kind of pearl : since even Apollonius did not regard

Lvri

it as puerile, and it is anyhow a pretty invention, and^e^arl"

there is nothing in the annals of sea fishing so

remarkable. For on the side of the island which is

turned towards the open sea, the bottom is of great

depth, and produces an oyster in a white sheath full

of fat, for it does not produce any jewel. Theinhabitants watch for a calm day, or they themselvesrender the sea smooth, and this they do by floodingit with oil

;and then a man plunges in in order to

hunt the oyster in question, and he is in other

respects equipped like those who cut off the spongesfrom the rocks, but he carries in addition an oblongiron block and an alabaster case of myrrh. TheIndian then halts alongside of the oyster and holds

out the nlyrrh before him as a bait ; whereupon the

oyster opens and drinks itself drunk upon the myrrh.Then it is pierced with a long pin and discharges a

peculiar liquid called ichor, which the man*

catches

in the iron block which is hollowed out in regularholes. The liquid so obtained petrifies in regular

shapes, just like the natural pearl, which is a white

blood furnished by the Red Sea. And they say that

the Arabs also who live on the opposite coast devote

themselves to catching these creatures. From this

point on they found the entire sea full of wild Seals

animals, and it was crowded with seals;and the

ships, they say, in order to keep off these animals,

carry bells at the bow and at the stern, the sound of

which frightens away these creatures and preventsthem from approaching the ships,

343

LVIII

Lvni KaTa7rX.€u<ja^T6? he e? Ta<? etc/3o\d<; tou Ev-

cj>pdrov <j)a<rlv £<; TSafivXcbva Sl clvtov dvairXevaai

irapa rbv OvapSdvTjv, teal rvôvTe^ avrov oiov

iylyvcocTKOv, eirl rrjv Nlvov ek&eiv clvOls, teal t^9

'Aimo%eta9 (TwrjOws v{3pi£ovcrr)<; teal fjurj&ev rwv

'RWrjvi/cwv icnrovBa/cvlas, eVl OdXarrdv re teara-

firjvcu T7]V iirl "Eekev/ceiav, veco<; re eViTfô^Te?irpoaTrXevaai KinrpM teara rrjv Ud<f>ov, ov rb t^?

^'A^poBiTT]^ e'So?, o i;v/jLJ3o\LK(t)<i IBpufMcvov Oavfidaairbv

'

ArroWaiVLOV, /cat iroWa tovs lepeas €9 irjv

oaiav rov lepov 8i8at;dp.€vov, e? ^ltoviav irXevaai

Oavfiaôfievov Itcav&s teal /xeydXcov d^tov/ievov

irapa rot? ttjv cro$iav tl/jLcoctiv.

344


LVIII

And when they had sailed as far as the mouth of chap.

the Euphrates, they say that they sailed up by it toLVm

Babylon to see Vardan, whom they found just as regains""

8

they had found him before. They then came afresh Iouia

to Nineveh, and as the people of Antioch displayedtheir customary insolence and took no interest in anyaffairs of the Hellenes, they went down to the sea at

Seleucia, and finding a ship, they sailed to Cyprusand landed at Paphos, where there is the statue of

Aphrodite. Apollonius marvelled at the symbolic con-

struction of the same, and gave the priests muchinstruction with regard to the ritual of the temple.He then sailed to Ionia, where he excited muchadmiration and no little esteem among all lovers of

wisdom.

345

BOOK IV

A'.

cap. 'Rirel Be elBov tov dvBpa ev 'Iww'a irapeXdovra

69 tt)v "JLcfreaov, ovBe ol ftdvavaoi en 77790? rat?

eavrtov re^vais rjaav, aXX' rj/coXovdovv 6 puev

aortas, 6 Be etBovs, 6 Be Bialrr)*;, 6 Be o")(7]/iaT0<; t

ol Be irdvrwv bfiov 6av/jLaaral ovres, \6yoc re irepl

avrov i(f)OLT(DV, ol fiev etc rod Ko\o</>&m fjuavreiov

rcoivcovbv t^9 eavrov cro<f)La<zical dre^voos aocfrbv

teal rd rocavra tov dvBpa aBovres, ol Be e/c AiBv-

/jlcov, ol Be etc rod irepl ib Tiepyafiov lepou,

7roWov<; yap rcov vyieias Beo/jbivcov 6 debs e/ceXevae

7rpoo~(j>ondv tg>''

AiroXXcoviw, rourl yap avros re

ftovXeadai ical Boicelv rats Molpais. ecfroirayv koX

irpea^elaL nrpbs avrbv eic rwv iroXewv, £evov re

avrbv rjyovfjLevoi ical /3iov £v/jl/3ovXov /3(OfjL(ov re

iBpvaeax; /cal dyaX/jidrcov, 6 Be e/caara rovrcov rd

fjbev e7riareXXcov, rd Be dcfyl^eaOai cf>da/ccov Bicop-

Oovro. 7rp€o-j3evo-a/jL€vr)s; Be /cal rr)<; ^fivpvrjs /cal

6 ri fiev Beoiro ovtc eLTTOvorjs, eKkiirapovat^ Be

d<f>iK€cr0ai, ypero rbv irpeo-ftevrrjv, 6 ri avrov

Beoivro, 6 Beu" IBelv" e(pi] }

"/cal 6<f>6r)vai," 6 Be

348

BOOK IV

And when they saw our sage in Ionia and he had chap.

arrived at Ephesus, even the mechanics would not1

remain at their handicrafts, but followed him, ^ST"8

one admiring his wisdom, another his beauty,Ionia and is

another his way of life, another his bearing, some of by the

them everything alike about him. Reports also were q^I°f

current about him which originated from various"

oracles ; thus from the oracle at Colophon it wasannounced that he shared its peculiar wisdom andwas absolutely wise, and so forth

;from that of

Didyma similar rumours emanated, as also from the

shrine at Pergamum ;for the God urged not a few of

those who were in need of health to betake them-selves to Apollonius, for this was what he himself

approved and was pleasing to the Fates. Deputa-tions also waited upon him from various cities

offering him their hospitality, and asking his advice

about life in general as well as about the dedication of

altars and images ;and he regulated their several

affairs in some cases by letter, but in others he said

would visit them. And the city of Smyrna also

sent a deputation, but they would not say what theywanted, though they besought him to visit them

;so

he asked the legate what they wanted of him, but

349

cap. WttoXXoopux;,"dtyiôfiai" elire,

"BolijTe Be, a>

Movorai, teal epaaOr\vai dXXrjXwv."

II

cap.Trjv p>ev Br) BidXe^tv rrjv TrpGorrjv diro t^9 teprj-

irlBos tov veoi irpos tovs'

Ecfreo-Lov; BceXe^drj, ou%

tocTTrep ol Xcotepartteoi, dXXa tosv fiev aXXoov dirdycovre teal diroaTrovBd^ctiv, <f)iXoao(f)ia Be fiovrj $jv{i{3ov-

Xevcov irpooeêiVy teal (T7rovBP]<; epartirXdvai rr)v

"E(f>eo-ov /idXXov rj paBvfJbia^ re teal dyepcoîa^,

6ir6ar)v evpev op^rjarcov yap rfrr^fMevoL teal 7ry>o?

irvppiyais avrol ovres, avXcov fxev iravra fieard rjv,

fieara Be dvBpoyvvcov, peara Be ktvttcov 6 Be

tcalroi fieTadefievcov rcov 'RcfyecrLcov 77-po? avrov ovte

7j%lov irepiopdv ravra, aXX' e^ypei avrd teal Bie-

fiaXXe rots ttoXXoIs.

Ill

cap. Ta? Be aXXa'; BiaXeêt^ irepl rd aXcrrj rd ev rols

gvaTois Bpo/jLois eiroielro, BiaXeyofievov Be irore

irepl teoivwvLas teal BiBdo-teovTOs, ore XPV Tpe<fieiv

re dXXtfXovs teal vir dXXrjXcov Tpeêadai, <rrpov-

061 /xev eteddrjvro eVl rwv BevBpcov aiwrroivre^, el?

Be avroiv Trpoo-TrerofJLevos e(36a, irapateeXeveadal ti

35°

LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV

lie merely said," to see him and be seen." So chap

Apollonius said :"

I will come, but, O ye Muses,1

grant that we may also like one another."

II

The first discourse then which he delivered was to chapthe Ephesians from the platform of their temple, and II

its tone was not that of the Socratic school; for thTionians

he dissuaded and discouraged them from other

pursuits, and urged them to devote themselves to

philosophy alone, and to fill Ephesus with real

study rather than with idleness and arrogancesuch as he found around him there

;for they were

devoted to dancers and taken up with pantomimes,and the whole city was full of pipers, and full of

effeminate rascals, and full of noise. So at the risk

of estranging the Ephesians, he . determined not

to wink at such things, but cleared them out andmade them odious to most of them.

Ill

His other discourses he delivered under the trees chap.

which grow hard by the cloisters;and in these he

,

sometimes dealt with the question of communism, communfe-

and taught that they ought to support and be tic sPanow

supported by one another. While he was doing so

on one occasion, sparrows were sitting quite silent

upon the trees, but one of them suddenly gavea chirp as it flew up, just as if he had some

35i

cap. Bokwv rots aAAof.9, ol Be, ot>? r)KOvaav, clvtql re

dveicpayov teal dpOevres eirerovro vtto toS evi. 6

fiev Br)

'

AttoXXcovios efyeTO rod Xoyov, yiyvojcrfccov

fiev, e'(/)'6 rt, ol arpovOol ireroivTO, 777509 Be to 1)9

ttoXXovs ov% epfATfvevcov avro, eVel Be dve/3Xeyfrav

e'9 clvtovs iravres teal dvorjreos evioi reparwBes

avrb evbpaaav, irapaXXaâs 6'

AiroXXoovios rov

Xoyov, irals" elirev," wXiaOev dirdywv irvpov^

iv atedepr), ko\ /ca/cw9 avrovs tjvXXetjdfievos avrbs

fxev direXifkvdt, ttoXXovs 8' iaKeBaa/JLevov^ diroXe-

Xonrev iv o~T6V(07T(p tg3 Belvu, 6 Be arpovQbs

iraparvycov outo9 irpoêvos Tot9 aXXois rjtcei rov

ep/jLdLov teal iroielrai avrovs fvo-alrov^r

ol fiev Br) irXecarot, tcov d/cpocofievcov Bpo/ico eVl

rovro (pyovTO, 6 Be 'AttoXXojvlos 777)09 TovsirapovTas

Birjei rov Xoyov, bv irepl rrj<; Koivwvias irpovOero,

teal iireiBr) d(f)itcovTo ftowvres re teal fjueo-rol dav/nar-

09,"ol fiev GTpovOoL" elirev,

"bpare, a>9 iirtfie-

Xovvrai re dXXrjXcov teal tcoivcovia yaipovaiv, r)fiel<;

Be ovtc dgiovfiev, dXXa kclv KOtvcovovvra erepoi<;

iBcofiev, exelvov fiev dacoTiav /cal rpv(f>r)v teal ra

Totavra r)yovfie9a, 7-01)9 Be vit avrov Tpefyofievovs

Trapao-iTOVs re teal tcoXatcas(j)afiev. teal tl Xolitov

dXX! r) %vyfcXeLo-avTa<; avTovs, &o~irep rovs acrevo-

fjuevovs tcov bpvidoov, iv ateora) yaarplêaOaL,

fiexpt? av Biappayeofiev ira^vofievoi;n

352


instructions to give to his fellows; and the latter, on chap.

hearing it, themselves set up a chirping and rose [rI

and flew off under the guidance of the one. NowApollonius went on with his argument, for he knewwhat it was that made the sparrows take wing, buthe did not explain the matter to the multitude whowere listening to him

;but when they all looked up

at the birds and some of them in their silliness

thought it a miraculous occurrence, Apollonius

interrupted his argument and said :" A boy has

slipped who was carrying some barley in a bowl, andafter carelessly gathering together what was fallen,

he has gone off, leaving much of it scattered aboutin yonder alley, and this sparrow, witnessing the

occurrence has come here to acquaint his fellows

with the good luck, and to invite them to come andeat it with him."

Most of his audience accordingly ran off to the

spot, but Apollonius continued to those who remainedwith him the discourse he had proposed to himself

on the topic of communism ; and when they returned

talking loudly and full of wonder, he continued

thus :

" You see how the sparrows care for one

another and delight in communism ; but we are far

from approving of it, nay, should we happen to see

anyone sharing his own in common with others, we set

him down as a spendthrift and talk about his

extravagance and so forth, while as for those who are

supported by him, we call them parasites andflatterers. What then is left for us to do, except to

shut overselves up like birds that are being fed upand fattened, and gorge ourselves in the dark until

we literally burst with fat?"

353

VOL. I. A A

IV

cap. Aoifiov Be vtyepirovTOs rrjv "Etyecrov /cal ovirio

avoihovcrr)^ t^? voaov, %vvrj/ce fiev o AttoXXgovios

t^9 7rpo<j/36\r)s, £vvel<; Be irpovXeye. iroXXaôv re

tcov BiaXeêwv"

<a yfj, fieve 6/juola" /cal Toiavia

etrecfrOeyyero %vv aireiXfj'" rovaBe acofe

"Kai " °v

irapeXevay evravOaT ol 6° ov irpoaelypv /cal

reparoXoylav to, Toiavia ooovro rocropBe pbaXXov,

oaw /cal e? irdvra rd lepd cpoirwv diroTpeireiv

avro eBo/cei Kal direvêaOaL. eirel Be avorjT(o$

elypv rod Trddovs, e/celvois pbev ovBev apero Betv

eirap/celv ere, rrjv Be aXXr/v 'Icovlav irepLrjei,

huopOovfievo^ ra, irap e/cdo-rois /cal BiaXeyofievos

del Tl acorijpLov TOt? irapovGiv.

cap.J

Acj)c/cvovfievq) Be avrop e? rrjv ^puvpvav irpoaa-

TrrjvTcov fiev ol "I owe?, teal yap eTvypv YlavtoovLa

Ovovres, dvayvovs Be /cal -^rrjîcrfia 'Icovi/cov, ev

J) iBeovro avrov /cotvcovrjcral a(j)io~i rov %vXXoyov,/cal ovofiari, ttpoarvôov Tj/ciara 'Ioovl/cw, Aov-

kovXXo? yap tj? eireyeypaiTTO rfj yvcofirj, irkfiirei

€7Tl(TT0Xr)V €? TO KOIVOV aVTMV, iirlirXlJ^lV 7TOLOV-

fievos irepl rod fiapftapiafiov tovtov Kal yap

354


IV

A pestilence was creeping over Ephesus ; but the chap.

disease had not yet reached its full violence, before

Apollonius understood that it was approaching, and p^gue^/impressed with the danger he foretold it, and Ephesus

interspersed his discourses with such exclamations as" O earth, remain true to thyself !

"and he added

in a tone of menace such appeals as these :

" Do thou

preserve these men here," and "Thou shalt not passhither." But his hearers did not attend to these

warnings and thought them mere rodomontade, all

the more because they saw him constantly visiting-

all the temples in order to avert and deprecate the

calamity. And since they conducted themselves so

foolishly in respect of the scourge, he thought that

it was not necessary to do anything more for them,but began a tour of the rest of Ionia, regulating their

several affairs, and from time to time recommendingin his discourses whatever was salutary for his

audiences.

But when he came to Smyrna the Ionians went chap.

out to meet him, for they were just then celebratingv

the pan-Ionian sacrifices. And he there read a aUidoptTondecree of the Ionians, in which they besought him to of Lati"

, .,. i .J i..i names by

take part in their solemn meeting ;and in it he met Greeks

with a name which had not at all an Ionian ring, for

a certain Lucullus had signed the resolution. Heaccordingly sent a letter to their council expressinghis astonishment at such an instance of barbarism;

355

a A 2

cap.Srf /cal <$>a/3pl/cwv /cal tolovtovs erepov? ev tols

i^rj^La/jbevoif; evpev. 009 puev ovv eppwp,evu><$ eVe-

irXyê, StjXol rj irepl tovtov eTnaToXr).

VI

cap. TlapeXOcov Be eV dXXr)? fjfiepas e? tou? "Icovas,"

Tt9," €(f>7),

"6 Kparrjp outo? ;

"oi Se ecpaaav,"

Ylavioovios" dpvadpevos ovv /cal aireiaa^,"

o)

6eoi,'

etirev,"*Yoovwv r)<yep,6v€<;, Soirjre rfj /caXjj

airoitciq ravry OaXdrTrj datyaXel ^prjaOai /cal

/ji7]8ev rfj yfj /ca/cbv e£ avrr}^ irpoa/ccopdaai, fii)&

Alyalcova GeiaiÔova \Ttvdâi ttotg t«9 TroXeis"

TOiavTa eireOeiaê irpoopoyv, olpai, rd y^povois

vcrepov irepi re Xfivpvav irepi re MlXtjtov irepire Xtoz> /cal %dpuov /cal iroXXas tmv 'IdSwv ^vfi-

f3dvra.

VII

cap. %7rov8f} Se opedv tovs Spbvpvaiovs dirdvTwvVII

dirTO/jLevovs Xoywv, eireppcavvve /cal cnrovBaiOTepovseiroiei, (jypovecv re e/ceXevev e<£' eavrois fiaXXov rj

ra> t?79 TroXeco? eiSei, /cal yap, el /cal /caXXlarr}TToXecov, 07roaai xjtto rfXiw elcri, /cal to ireXayosol/ceiovrai, êcf>vpov re irrjyds eyei, dXX* dvhpdoiveGrefyavwadai avrrjv rjSiov rj o~Toals re /cal ypa<pai<;/cal y^pvaCo irXeiovi rod Beovro?.

1 rd puev yap1 StovTos should be read instead of ovros : "in excess

of what they had."

356

. LIFE OF APOLLON1US, BOOK IV

for he had, it seems, also found the name Fabricius and chap.

other such names in the decrees. The letter on thisv

subject shows how sternly he reprimanded them.

VI

And on another day he presented himself before chap.

the meeting of the Ionians, and asked :u What is

this cup?" And they answered: "It is the pan- earthquakesIonian cup." Whereupon he took a draught from in Ionia

it and poured a libation, saying :" O ye Gods, who

are patrons of the Ionians, may ye grant to this fair

colony to enjoy safety at sea, and that no disaster

may wreak itself on them by land therefrom, andthat Aegeon, the author of earthquakes, may nevershake down their cities." These words he uttered

under divine impulse, because he foresaw, as I

believe, the disasters which afterwards overtook

Smyrna and Miletus and Chios and Samos and several

of the lades.

VII

And remarking the zeal with which the people of chap.

Smyrna devoted themselves to all sorts of com- vn

positions, he encouraged them and increased theirg^y^J^s

zeal, and urged them to take pride rather in them- to foster

selves than in the beauty of their city ;for although rather than

they had the most beautiful of cities under the sun, architecture

and although they had a friendly sea at their doors,which held the springs of the zephyr, nevertheless,it was more pleasing for the city to be crowned with

men than with porticos and pictures, or even with

gold in excess of what they needed. For, he said,

357

cap.olfcoSo/Liojfxara errl ravrov fieveiv, ovBa/jbov opoofieva

7rXr)V 6K6LVOV TOV fAepOV? T?^9 7%, 6V c5 IvTlV,

avBpas Be dyadovs iravrayov /j,ev bpdaOai, iravTa-

Xov Be <p0eyyeo~0ai, rr)v Be ttoXiv, ^9 yeyovaaiv,

dirocpaiveiv Toaavrrjv, octol irep avrol yrjv eVe\-

Oelv Bvvavrai. eXeye Be tcls puev TroXeis rct9 ovrco

fcaXa<; eoiKevai ra> rov A^09 aydX/xari, 09 ev

OXvfjbiTiq T(p <&€lBlci eKTreTroirjTai, fcaOrjcrOai yapavTo—ovrcos TO) Brjfjuovpya) eBoge

—rov<; Be avBpaseirl ttclvtcl rjKOvras firiBev aireoLKevai rov 'O/jirjpelov

Aios, 09 ev 7roXXal<; IBeais 'Ofxrjpw TreTroir/rai

Oavfiaaccorepov ^vy/celfievos rov eXecpavrivov rov

pkv yap ev yfj (fyalveadai, rov Be e'9 irdvra ev rco

ovpavw viTovoelcrdai.

VIII

cap. Kal/jltjv teal irepl rov 7TW9 dv iroXet^ aacpaXa)?

oIkoivto ^vvecpiXoo-otyei Tot9 ^/JLVpvaiois, Biaêpo/ie-

vovs 6pa)V dXXrjXois Kal /irj ^vyKeipuevovs ra<; yvco-

ftas' eXeye yap Br) rrjv opOcos oiKrjaopLevrjv ttoXlv

ofiovolas (TTaaiaôvar)*; BelaOai, tovtov Be diri-

6dvG)<; re Kal ovk e9 to cikoXovOov elprjaOai

B6i;avTO<;, jewels 6 'AttoXXwvios, otl/jltj

eirovrai oi

iroXXol tw Xoy(p XevKov [lev? e<f>y>" â\ pueXav

OVK CIV 7TOT€ TaVTOV yivOLTO, Ol)8' CIV Tft) yXvKel TO

358


public edifices remain where they are, and are no- chapwhere seen except in that particular part of the earth vn

where they exist, but good men are conspicuous

everywhere, and everywhere talked about;and so

they can magnify the city the more to which theybelong, in proportion to the numbers in which theyare able to visit any part of the earth. And he said

that cities which are only beautiful in the same

way as Smyrna was, resemble the statue of Zeus

wrought in Olympia by Pheidias ; for there Zeus

sits, just as it pleased the artist that he should,whereas men who visit all regions of the earth maybe well compared with the Homeric Zeus, who is

represented by Homer under many shapes, and is a

more wonderful creation than the image made of

ivory ; for the latter is only to be seen uponearth, but the former is a presence imagined every-where in heaven.

VIII

And in his discussions, moreover, with the people chap.of Smyrna he wisely taught them also how best to vm

guarantee the security of those who live in cities, ^civSc*1

for he saw that they were at issue with one another patriotism

and did not agree in their ideals. He accordinglytold them that for a city to be rightly conducted

by its inhabitants, you need a mixture of concordwith party spirit ; and as this utterance seemedinadmissible and hardly logical, Apollonius realisingthat most of them did not follow his argument,added :

" White and black can never be one andthe same, nor can bitter be wholesomely blended

359

cap. iTLKpov vyiws ^vy/cpaOelrj, o/jlovoicc Be aracndaet

(HOTTipias eve/ca tcov rroXeajv. b Be Xeyco, tolovtov

rffco/jLeOcc aideis r) [lev eirltjlcpr)

/cal to /caraXi-

Oovv dXXr)Xov<$ ayovaa direcroy iroXecos, f)iraiBo-

Tpocpia? re Bel /cal vojjlcov /cal dvBpcov, i(p* 0I9 Xoyoi

/cal epya, (piXoripbia Ber) irpbs dXXrjXovs virep rov

KOIVOV, KOi 7TW9 CiV 6 fieV yV(i)fJb7]<; ellTOl fteXTLG)

yvGOfirjv, 6 8' erepov apeivov cLpyr\s; Trpoo-rair], 6 Be

TTpeaftevaeiev, 6 8' etjoLKoBo/jbrjo-airo Xafiirporepov

t^9 erepov eTnarareias, epis, olpuai, avrrj dyadrj

/cat ardent irpbs dXXrjXovs virep rov koivov. to

5' aXXov dXXo eirirrfBevovTa^ e? to tt;? TroXeojs

6'</)e\o9 ^vficpepeiv Aa/ceBai/JLOVuois /juev evrjOes

eBotcei TraXai, rd yap iroXefALicd i^eTrovelro o-cpiai,

Kal 69 TOVTO €pp(OVTO TCaVTeS KCLI TOVTOV fJLOVOV

7]7ttovto, i/jiol B' dpcarov BoKel to/itpdrreiv e/caarov,

6 tl olBe /cal 6 tl Bvvarai. el yap 6 puev dirb

Br)paycayLas Oav/xaaOrjaerat,, 6 Be dirb aocpias, 6

Be dirb rov 69 to koivov irXovrelv, 6 Be dirb rov

.

%pr)o~Tb<; elvai, 6 Be dirb rod efjL/3pi@r)<; /cal/jltj

gvyyvcofMov to?9 d/jLaprdvovo-tv, 6 Be dirb rovfjurj

BiafteftXrjcrOai t«9 %et/oa9, e^ fceio-erair) iroXis,

pbdXXov Be eo~Tr}£ei"

369


with sweet;but concord can be so blended with party chap.

spirit to secure the safety of cities. And let us consider vm

my meaning to be somewhat as follows : Far be from

your city the factiousness which leads men to drawswords and to stone one another

;for in a city we

need our children to be brought up properly, and weneed laws, and we need inhabitants equally versed in

discussion and in deeds. But mutual rivalry betweenmen in behalf of the common weal, and with the

object that one should give better advice than

another, and that one should discharge better thananother the duties of a magistrate, and that one should

discharge the office of an ambassador or of an aedile

more brilliantly than his fellows,—here," he said,"

I think you have a worthy rivalry and a real conten-

tion among yourselves in behalf of the common weal.

But that one person should practise one thing andanother another with a view to benefiting the cityseemed of old a foolish thing to the Lacedaemonians,because they only cultivated the arts of war, andbecause they all strengthened themselves for this

end and interested themselves in nothing else;but

to me it seems best that each man should do whathe understands best and what he best can do. Forthat city will recline in peace, nay, will rather stand

up erect, where one man is admired for his popularinfluence, and another for his wisdom, and anotherfor his liberal expenditure on public objects, andanother for his kindliness, and another for his

severity and unbending sternness towards male-

factors, and another because his hands are pure

beyond suspicion."

361

IX

C\x'

âi â û^v favra vavv elBe rcav rptapfievcov

e/cirXeovorav /cal rov<; vavras aXXov aXX(os e? to

dvdyeaOai avrrjv irpdrTovTas. eiriarpe^wv ovv

tol>9 irapovTCLS,"Spare" elire, "to rr)<; vecos Br)puov,

ft>9 ol fiev t<z? ecôX/clBas epL/3e/3r)/cao-iv eperi/col

ovres, ol B* dy/cvpa<; avipbodai re teal avaprcoaiv, ol

Be virkypvo'L ra larva tw dvep,(t>, ol Be etc irpvpuvr)^

re /cal irpcppas irpoopwaiv ; el he ev tovtow els

eXXel-yjrei ti tcov eavrov epycov rj dpuaOcos tt}?

vavTitcrjs d^rerai, Trovrjpcds TrXevaovvTai /cal 6

%eip,(bv avrol B6%ovaiv el Be (fnXoTipbrjaovTat,

7Ty0o? eavrovs /cal o~Tao~ido~ovGi pur) /ca/clcov erepos

erepov B6%ai, /caXol puev oppuoi rfj vrji ravrrj, peardBe evBlas re /cal evirXolas irdvra, TlocreiBwv Be

'AacpdXeios r) irepl avrol<; evfiovXla Boêi."

cap. Toiovtois puev Br) Xoyoos ^vvelê tt)v %p,vpvav,eirel Be

r) voaos rocs 'Fjtyealois eveireae /cal ovBev

r)v 7T/0O9 avrrjv avrap/ces, eirpeaPevovro irapa rov

KttoXXwvlov, larpbv iroiovpbevoi avrbv rov rrdOovs,

6 Be oy/c coero Belv dva/3dXXeo-0at rrjv 6B6v, dXX*

LIFE OF APOULONIUS, BOOK IV

IX

And as he was thus discoursing, he saw a ship chap.

with three sails leaving the harbour, of which the

sailors were each discharging their particular duties the ship

in working it out to sea. Accordingly by way of ofstate

reforming his audience he said :

'" Now look at that

ship's crew, how some of them being rowers haveembarked in the tug-boats, while others are windingup and making fast the anchors, and others again are

spreading the sails to the "wind, and others are

keeping an outlook at bow and stern. Now if a

single member of this community abandoned any oneof his particular tasks or went about his naval duties

in an inexperienced manner, they would have a bad

voyage and would themselves impersonate the storm ;

but if they vie with one another and are rivals

only with the object of one showing himself as

good a man as the other, then their ship will

make the best havens, and all their voyage be one of

fair weather and fair sailing, and the precaution theyexercise about themselves will prove to be as

valuable as if Poseidon our Lord of safety were

watching over them."

With such harangues as these he knit togetherchap.

the people of Smyrna ; but when the plague began Ho 8Cotchcsto rage in Ephesus, and no remedy sufficed to check the plague

it, they sent a deputation to Apollonius, asking himK^Sesus*

to become physician of their infirmity ;and he

thought that he ought not to postpone his journey,

363

cap. elirobv"t&jiev" rjv iv 'EcêcrG), tov livOayopov,

olfMUj i/celvo Trpdrrcov to iv (dovpiois ojjlov ical

M.€Ta,7rovTLOi<; elvai. ^vvayayoov ovv tol>9 'Eêo-tou?,e*

dapo-elre," e(j>7},

"Ttf/u,€pov yap iravaw ttjv voaov"

/cal elircov rjyev rjXi/cuav iraaav iirl to Oearpov, ov

to tov KiroTpoiraiov XhpvTai. TTTOdyeveiv Be tis

ivTcivQa iSo/cet, yepcov iirifjuvayv tov? otyOaXfjLOvs

T^XVV' Kai 7rVPav €<f>epe /cal dpTov iv avTy Tpvcfros,

paK6o~i T€ r/fupieo-TO /cal av'XiJLrjpws etê tov Trpocr-

(Ottov. Trepio-Tr)o-a<; ovv tov? 'Eêcrtoi'? ai/Tw,"ftdXXeTe tov 0€ol<; tydpov" elire,

"gvXXegd/jbevoi

tmv XlOcov co? TrXeto-Tov?." 0avpa^6vTcov Be rmv

JL(f)eo~i(ov, o tl Xeyot, ical Beivbv rjyovfjbevcov, el

%evov diroKTevovoriv dOXlcos ovtco irpaTTOVTa,

/cal yap l/cereve /cal iroXXd iirl iXew eXeyev,

ive/ceiTO irapa/ceXevo/jLevo? to?9 'E<£e<rtO£9 ipeiSetv

T6 /cal/jbt)

dvievai. ew9 Be d/cpo/3oXicr/jLq> Tive? iir

ai/TM ixptfcravTO, /cal 6 /caTajxveiv Bo/ccov dveftXe-

tyev dOpoov irvpos T€ fiecrTOVs tou9 6cf)0aXfiov<;

eBetê, tjvvrj/cav ol 'E</>ecrtot tov BaijAovos /cal

KaTeXWcoaav ovtcos avTov, 009 /coXcovbv XlOcov irepl

avTov yjaaao-Qai. BiaXiirwv Be oXiyov i/ceXevaev

d(j>eXelv tovs XiOovs, /cal to 6r)piov, o ciTreicTovaai,

yvtovai. yvp,vce6evT0<$ ovv tov /3e/3Xr)o-0at, Bo-

kovvtos, 6 fiev r}(f)dvtaTo, /eveov Be to fiev elBos

364


but said :

" Let us go." And forthwith he was in chap

Ephesus, performing the same feat, I believe, as •

Pythagoras, who was in Thurii and Metapontum at

one and the same moment. He therefore called

together the Ephesians, and said :a Take courage,

for I will to-day put a stop to the course of the

disease." And with these words he led the popula-tion entire to the theatre, where the image of the

Averting god has been set up. And there he saw anold mendicant artfully blinking his eyes like a blind

man, and he carried a wallet and a crust of bread in

it;and he was clad in rags and was very squalid

of countenance. Apollonius therefore ranged the

Ephesians around him and said :" Pick up as many

stones as you can and hurl them at this enemy of the

gods." Now the Ephesians wondered what he meant,and were shocked at the idea of murdering a strangerso manifestly miserable ; for he was begging and

praying them to take mercy upon him. Neverthe-less Apollonius insisted and egged on the Ephesiansto launch themselves on him and not let him go.And as soon as some of them began to take shots andhit him with their stones, the beggar who hadseemed to blink and be blind, gave them all a

sudden glance and showed that his eyes were full of

fire. Then the Ephesians recognised that he was a

demon, and they stoned him so thoroughly that their

stones were heaped into a great cairn around him.

After a little pause Apollonius bade them removethe stones and acquaint themselves with the wild

animal which they had slain. When therefore theyhad exposed the object which they thought theyhad thrown their missiles at, they found that he had

disappeared and instead of him there was a hound

365

gap. o/jlows tw ete MoXottwv, [xeyeOoq Be Kara tov

/LLeytarov XeovTa, gwreTpcfA/jLevos &$Qi) biro t&v

XlOcdv, teal irapaiTTvcov dcjtpov, wcnrep ol XvTTwvTes.

to JjL6V Bt) rod ÂiroTpoiraiov eBo<;, eaTi Be(

}lpateXr}<;, iSpvTcu irepl to ^coptov, ev do to<f>do-/j,a

i/3\7J0V .

XI

c£f- Ka0i]pa<; Be tovs 'E<£ea-tou? Trjs vocrov teal twv

KCLTCL T7)V ÂwVlCLV IkCLVWS ^COV, 69 T7)V 'ILXXdBa

a>p/j,r]TO. ftaSio-as ovv e? to liepyafiov teal rjaOehTft> TOV

'

K<TKkr)7TL0V l€p(p, Tol$ T€ lfC€T€V0V(Tl TOP

deov vTToOifievos, oirocra BpcovTes ev^vfiôXcov

oveipaTWv t6v%ovtcu, 7roWov<? Be teal laadfjuevos,

rfXOev e? ttjv îXtdBa, teal irdar)^ r/79 irepl avTwv

dp%aioXoyia<; eficfropridels icpoLTTjaev iirl tovs tcov*

kyai&v Taejyovs, teal 7roXXa fiev elird)v eV avTols,

iroXXa Be twv avaificov t€ teal teaOapoov teaOayicras,

tov<; fiev eTaipovs eteeXevaev iirl tt)v vavv ywpelv,

avTos Be iirl tov teoXcovov tov 'AÂA.ea>9 evvvyev-aeiv

eef)r). BeBiTTOfievcov ovv tmv eTaipcov avTov,

teal yap Br) teal ol Aioa/eopiBac teal ol QaiBtjjLOL

teal 7} TOidBe ofxiXia iraaa ^vvrjcrav rjBrj tw

^KiroXXwvitp, tov 7 6 'A%tXXea <po(3epbv eTi cpa-

(TteovTwv (fralvecrdai,, tovtI yap teal tov<; ev t&> 'JXtw

rrepl avTov TrerrelcrOac,"

teal fjurjv eyco" ecj)r),

" tov

'AîXXea a(poBpa olBa Tai$ ^vvovalais %aipovTa,tov Te yap NeVropa tov ete t% UvXov fxdXa

366


who resembled in form and look a Molossian dog, chai'.

but was in size the equal of the largest lion; there

he lay before their eyes, pounded to a pulp bytheir stones and vomiting foam as mad dogs do.

Accordingly the statue of the Averting god, namelyHercules, has been set up over the spot wherethe ghost was slain.

XI

Having purged the Ephesians of the plague, chap.

and having had enough of the people of Ionia, her

started for Hellas. Having made his way then to resoivesto

Pergamum, and being pleased with the temple of'{jJ^JjJiJ

Aselepius, he gave hints to the supplicants of the of Achilles

god, what to do in order to obtain favourable dreams;

and having healed many of them he came to the land

of Ilium. And as his mind was stored with all the

traditions of their past, he went to visit the tombs of

the Achaeans, and he delivered himself of manyspeeches over them, and he offered many sacrifices

of a bloodless and pure kind;and then he bade

his companions go on board ship, for he him-

self, he said, must spend a night on the moundof Achilles. Now his companions tried to deter

him,—for in fact the sons of Dioscorus and the

Phaedimi, and a whole company of such alreadyfollowed in the train of Apollonius,

—alleging that

Achilles was still dreadful to look upon ;for such

was the conviction about him of the inhabitants of

Ilium. "Nevertheless," said Apollonius, r I know

Achilles well and that he thoroughly delights in

company ;for he heartily welcomed Nestor when he

came from Pylos, because he always had something

367

CAP. 7]<T7rd%€TO, 67T€iCrj (l€L Tl aVTU) Bir}€l XpTjGTOV, TOV

re QoLvLica Tpocfrea /cal oiraBbv /cat ra roLavra

Tifiav evojjuêv, eireiBr) Sirjyev avrov 6 <&olvi%

Xoyots, real tov Upla/jiov Be kclitol 7roXe/jLL(OTaTOV

m,vtu> ovra irpaojaTa elBev, eireiBr) BiaXeyo/nevov

i]KOvae, /cal ÔBvaaei Be ev BiyocnaGiq %vyyev6-

fjbevos ovtcj /u,erpcos axpdr), &>? /caXo? tS> ÔBvacret

fiaXXov rj cjx)/3epb<; B6%cu. Tr)v jxev Br) dairiBa ical

Tr)v KOpW TTJV BetVOV, £09(f)CL(TL, VeVOVGCLV, 67rl TOL>9

Tpwas olfjuat, avTT<ov

eiraOev aTrtaTrjO'dvTwv rrrpos avrbv virep tov ydpuov,

67ft) Be ovre pereâ) tl tov 'IXlov, BiaXeô/juai re

avTco yapieGTepov rj ol Tore eralpoi, kclv citto-

KTelvy /J,e, 009 (pare, /xera Me/juvovo? Btjttov teal

Kvkvov KeLaofiai ical tVo)? p,e ev Kaireiw KolXy,

/caOdirep tovr

'E/cTopa, r) Tpola Od-^reL." roiavra

777)09 to v<; eTaipovs dva/u^ iraiâ^ Te KCU airov-

Bdaas, TTpoaeftcuve tw koXcdvw /jlovos, oi Be

e/3dBi,£ov eirl ttjv vavv eaTrepas rjBrj.

XII

XIIcap.

fO Be 'AttoXXgovlos irepl opOpov rj/ccov," ttov"

e(f>r),

" 'AvtLo-0evr}<; 6 Tldpio? ;

"e/3B6p,r)v Be OUT09

rjfiepav eTvyyavev rjBrj irpocnrecpoiTrjicax; avTw ev

'I\t<w. vTraicovo-avTos Be tov 'Avticrdevovs,"irpoa-

r)icei<$ tl" ecprj,"

eo veavia, ttj Tpola;" "

o-cfroBpa"

elirevy"el/A yap Br) avfoOev T/9go<?."

"r) teal Hpia-

368


useful to tell him;and He used to honour Phoenix CHAP.

with the title of foster-father and companion and soXl

forth, because Phoenix entertained him with his

talk ; and he looked most mildly upon Priam also,

although he was his bitterest enemy, so soon as heheard him talk

;and when in the course of

a quarrel he had an interview with Odysseus, hemade himself so gracious that Odysseus thought himmore handsome than terrible. For, I think that his

shield and his plumes that waved so terribly, as they

say, are a menace to the Trojans, because he can

never forget, what he suffered at their hands, when

they played him false over the marriage. ButI have nothing in common with Ilium, and I shall

talk to him more pleasantly than his former

companions ;and if he slays me, as you say he will,

why then I shall repose with Memnon and Cycnus, mad 24. 70;

and perhaps Troy will bury me ' in a hollow sepulchre'as they did Hector." Such were his words to his

companions, half playful and half serious, as he went

up alone to the barrow; but they went on board

ship, for it was already evening.

XII

But Apollonius came about dawn to them and chap.said :

" Where is Antisthenes of Paros ?" And this

xn

person had joined their society seven days before in ^Vlway08

Ilium. And when Antisthenes answered that he by order of

was there, he said :" Have you, O young man, any

Trojan blood in your veins ?" "

Certainly I have,"he said, "for I am a Trojan by ancestry." "And a

descendant of Priam as well ?"

asked Apollonius.

369

VOL I. OB

cap. fjLiorjs ; vi) Hi, enrev etc tovtov yap Or)

dyaOos re olfiai /caj; dyaOwv eXvai."

cI/cotcd?

ow," e(f)7],

"6 'AîXXevs dirayopevei puot pur)

^vveival eroi, KeêvcravTOs yap avTOV itpea(Several

fxe irpo<; tol»9 SerraXovs irepl mv alridrai afyas,

&)9 r)p6pL7)v }tl av 7T/309 tovtm eTepov 7ryoo? %dpiv

avrco TTpaTTOijjLi, to pueipaKiov e(j)7]to e/c Yldpov

/nrj Troiovfievos %vvepmopov t% eavTOV aotylas,

UpiapiSr]^ t€ yap l/cav&s Igti Kal tov "EtcTopa

vfjLV&v ov TraveTai."

XIII

xfn ® ^v ^ 'AvTiaOevrjs d/cccv dirqXOev, eirel Se

rj/Aepa eyeveTQ Kal to Trvevfia e/c ttj<; 7*79 eirehl&ov ,

irepi T€ dvaycoyrjv r) vavs elêv, eireppeov avTrj

crpLifcpa overt) irXeiovs eTepoi, ftovXopuevoi tw^

KttoX-

Xcovicp ^vpurXelv, Kal yap /xeToircopov rjSr) eTvyyave

Kal r) OdXaTTa tjttov j3eftaia. irdvTes ovv Kal

XeLjJLoivos Kal irvpos Kal tcov âXeTrcoTaTcov

KpeiTTO) tov dvSpa r)yovfievoi %vvepb$aiveiv r)6eXov,

Kal eheovTO irpoerhovvai crfyieri t?/9 Koivwvias tov

ttXqv. eVel Se to nrXrfpwpba TroXXairXdenov r)v Tr)<;

verios, vavv puel^co eTepav e7nerKe'^rd)ievo<; i iroXXal

Se rrepl to AldvTeiov r)aav,"evTavOaT ecpr),

"ep,-

/3alv(DpL€V, KaXov yap to fieTa irXeioveov crcoêerOai."

TrepiftaXebv ovv to TpcoiKov dKpcoTtjpiov, eKeXevere

37o


"Why yes, by Zeus/' answered the other, "and chap.

that is why I consider myself a good man and of xn

good stock." " That explains then," said the sage,"why Achilles forbids me to associate with you ;

for

after he bade me go as his deputy to the Thessalians

in the matter of a complaint which he has against

them, and I asked him whether there was anythingelse which I could do to please him,

'

yes,' he said,1

you must take care not to initiate the young manfrom Paros in your wisdom, for he is too much of a

descendant of Priam, and the praise of Hector is

never out of his mouth.'"

XIII

Accordingly Antisthenes went off though against chap.XTTT

his will ;and when the day broke and the wind off

shore increased in strength, and the ship was ready fromThe

to be launched, it was invaded in spite of its small *?.mb

f

of.

dimensions by a number of other people who were Methymnaanxious to share the voyage with Apollonius ;

for it

was already autumn and the sea was not much to betrusted. They all then regarded Apollonius as onewho was master of the tempest and of fire and of

perils of all sorts, and so wished to go on boardwith him, and begged him to allow them to share

the voyage with him. But as the company was

many times too great for the ship, spying a larger

ship,—for there were many in the neighbourhood of

the tomb of Ajax,—he said :

" Let us go on board

this, for it is a good thing to get home safely withas many as may be." He accordingly doubled the

promontory of Troy, and then commanded the pilot

37i

cap. tov /cvj3€pV7)TT)v /caTacryelv t'? Ti)v AloXecov, /}

avTVuepas Aecrfiov /cetTae, irpbs MijOvfivdv re

fjuaXkov T€Tpa/jb/juevov TeoielaOae tov opjxov."ev-

ravOa yap ttov tov UaXap,7]Br)v (prjalv 6 'AÂA-eu?KelcrOai, ov /cal ayaXpua clvtov elvai 7rr)^valov, ev

TrpecrpUTepo), r) ox? Tla\a/jL7]8r)s, rco ecBee" /cal

a/jia iîcov tt}<; veox;,"

eTrtfieXrjOwfjLev," elirev,"

oy

dvBpes "JLXXrjves, dyaSov dvBpos, oY ov aocfiia

iraaa, teal yap av teal tcov ye Ââewv fteXTuov9

yevotfieOa, TepiwvTes Be dpeTrjv, ov e/ceevoe Bl/cy

ovBe/xea a7retCT€Lvav" oi fiev Br) eêirrjBeov t%V6609, Be eveTV)(e too Tacfxp /cal to ayaXpa

jcaTopcopvyp,evov 737309 avTcp evpev. eireyiypaiTTO

Be tjj /3do-ei tov dydXfiaTOs ©Elfll IIAA-

AMHAEI. /ca0eBpvo~a<; ovv avTO, ft)? tcdyoo elBov,

/cal lepbv irepl avTO flaXo/ievo?, oaov oi t^v^JLvoBiav TtfjicovTe*;, eoTi yap go? Be/ca ^vparoTa^ ev

avTw evcoxeio-Qai, ToidvBe evyr)V rjvgaTO-" UaXd-

fjLTjBes, e/cXddov t% /nr/viBo*;, r)v ev rot? 'Aêuo??7TOT6 e/jLrjviaras, /cal BlBov yiyveaOae ttoXXoik; re

/calo~o(f)ov<; avBpas. val UaXd/jLrjBes, Be ov Xoyoe,

Be' ov Movaae, Be* ov eyco."

XIV

cap. YlaprjXOe /cal e? to tov 'Qp<£eft>9 clBvtov irpoa-

opjjLto~dfAevo<; tj) Aeo-f3(p.. <f)aal Be evTavOd ttotc

372


to shape his course towards the country of the chap.

Aeolians, which lies over against Lesbos, and then toXHI

turn as close as he could to Methymna, and there to

cast anchor. For there it was, he said, that Achilles Finds and

declared Palamedes lay, where also they would find statue6

of

the

his image a cubit high, representing however a man Palamedes

older than was ever Palamedes. And at themoment of disembarking from the ship, he said :

" Let us show our respect, O ye Greeks, for so

good a man to whom we owe all wisdom. For weshall anyhow prove ourselves better men than the

Achaeans, if we pay tribute to the excellence of onewhom they so unjustly slew." They accordingly

leapt out of the ship, but he hit upon the tomb andfound the statue buried beside it. And there wereinscribed on the base of the statue the words :

" Tothe divine Palamedes." He accordingly set it upagain in its place, as I myself saw

;and he raised a

shrine around it of the size which the worshippers of

the goddess of the crossways, called Enodia, use ; for

it was large enough for ten persons at once to

sit and drink and keep good cheer in;and having

done so he offered up the following prayer :n O

Palamedes, do thou forget the wrath, wherewiththou wast wroth against the Achaeans, and grantthat men may multiply in numbers and wisdom.

Yea, O Palamedes, author of all eloquence, author of

the Muses, author of myself."

XIV

He also visited in passing the shrine of Orpheus chap.

when he had put in at Lesbos. And they tell that XIV

373

XIV


cap. rov 'Opcjyea fiavri/cfj ya'ipeiv > ^are T0Z/ 'AttoXXco

€7ri/jL€/jL€\7)<T0CU CLVTOV. €7TetBr) yap {17]T€ 69 TpV-V6L0V 6(f)0LT0)V 6TC V7T€p ^p7]GfjLCOV dvQpWTVOl /jL7]T€ 6?

KXdpov fjLrjr evOa 6 rplirov^ 6 'AiroXXcbveios,y

Opcj)€v<; Be expa /jlovo?, dpri e/c ®paKr)<; i) /ce(j)aXr)

rjKovaa, e<^lararal ol ^prio-puwiBovvri 6 Oebs /cat,"Trerravao," ecprj,

"rcov i/jLwv, /cal yap Br) /cal

aBovrd o~e l/cavws rjvey/ca."

CAP.xv

XV

Tl\e6vTG)v Be avrcov [xerd ravra to eV TLv/3ola<;

ireXayos, o /cal 'Ofirjpcp Bo/cec rcov %aA,€7nwi> /cal

Bva/jL€Tpr)T(ov elvai, r) puev OdXarra vrrrla /cal rr}$

wpas /cpelrrcov ecpalvero, Xoyoi re eylyvovro irepl

re vrjcrcov, e7reiBr) iroXXat<; re /cal ovofiacrral^

evervy^avov, rrepl re vawnr)ylas /cal /cvf3epvr)ri/cr}<;

7rp6(T(f)opoi rots irXeovaiv, eVet Be 6 Aa/>M9 toi'9

fiev BieftaWe rcov Xoycov, rovs Be vrrerepjvero, rov<?

Be ov ^vve^dipei epcordv, tjvvij/cev 6 'AttoXXcovlos,

ore Xoyov erepov crrrovBdaat fiovXoiro, /cal,"rl

iraOcbv"ecprj,

"co Aa/u, Biacnrqs rd epcorwyueva; ov

yap vavricov ye, r) biro rod ttXov Trovrjpws eycov

diroarpe^r) toi>9 Xoyovs, r) yap OdXarra, opas, &!>9

viroreOei/cev eavrrjv rfj vrjl /cal irejxiTei. rl ovv

Bvo-)(epalvei^r" on,"

ecprj,"Xoyov pueydXov ev

374


it was here that Orpheus once on a time loved to chap.

prophesy, before Apollo had turned his attention toXIV

him. For when the latter found that men no longer shrirTe of

6

flocked to Gryneium for the sake of oracles nor to Orpheus in

Clarus nor (to Delphi) where is the tripod of Apollo,and that Orpheus was the only oracle, his head

having lately come from Thrace, he presentedhimself before the giver of oracles and said :

" Ceaseto meddle with my affairs, for I have already put uplong enough with your vaticinations."

XV

After this they continued their voyage along the chap.

sea of Euboea, which Homer considered to be one of

the most dangerous and difficult to traverse, sea of

However the sea was smooth and was much better ^amis8"

than you expected in that season;

and their curious

conversation turned upon the many and famous Achilles

islands which they were visiting, and upon ship-

building and pilotage and other topics suitable to a

voyage. But as Damis found fault with some of the

things they said, and cut short many of their

remarks, and would not allow some of their questionsto be put, Apollonius realised that he was anxious to

discuss some other topic and said :

" What ails you,Damis, that you break in on the course of our

questions in this way ? For I am sure that it is not

because you are seasick or in any way inconvenienced

by the voyage, that you object to our conversation ;

for you see how smoothly our ship is wafted over her

bosom by the submissive sea. Why then are you so

uneasy?" "Because," replied the other, "when a

375

cap.puecrcp 6W09, ov elfcb? rjv epcoTav /jloXXov, r)/jL€L<;

Be

tov<$ ecoXou? T€ koX dpyaiovs eptoToifxev""

teal

Tt9," elirev,"6 \0709 ovtos elrj av, Bl ov tovs

aXKovs r)yfj ireptTTOi)^;"

"'A%tWet," ecprj, "-i;vy-

yevopuevos, co'

A.TroWd)Vie, /cal TroWa lcrco<$ Bia-

KrjKocos purjirco rjfiLV yiyvcoo-fco/jueva, ov Biei tclvtci,

ovBe to elBos r)pZv rod 'A^tWeco? avarvttoIs, irepi-

7r\et? Be ra? vrjaov; feed vavirr)yel<; tm Xoyw.""

el pr) d\a£oveveo~6ai" e(j>r),

"Boijco, iravra elpr]-

aercu."

XVI

cap. Aeopuevcov Be icai tcov aXXcov tov \6yov tovtov

teal <j>i\r)/c6co<; eyovTcov avrov," dX)C ovyl ftoOpovT

elirev,"'OBvcro-ecos 6pvJ~d/j,evo<;, ovBe dpvwv atfiaTi

TJrvxayteyyo-as, €9 BidXe&v tov 'A%jWea>9 r)\6ov,

aXX! ev%apL€VOs, ottoctcl toZs r)pcoaiv 'IvBol cpacriv

evyecrOai,"

co 'A^WeO," ecpijv," TeOvavai ere 01

iroXkol tcov dvOpcoircov cj)aorlv, e'^co Be ov ^vyywpcotco Xoyco, ovBe Uvdayopas o~o<f)ia<; epur)<; irpoyovos.

el Br) dXrjdevopuev , Bet^ov r)puv to creavTov elBos,

Kai yap av ovaio ayav tcov epucov ocpOaXpucov,

el fxdpTVGiv avTois tov elvai xprjcraio." tVl

TOVTOis treicrpu)? puev irepl tov koXcovov ftpaxvs

eyeveTO, TrevTairrj^v^ Be veavias dveBoOrj (8)erTa-

376


great topic suggests itself, which we surely ought chap.

rather to be asking about, we are asking questionsxv

about these threadbare and antiquated subjects.""And what," said Apollonius, "may be this topicwhich makes you regard all others as superfluous ?

"

" You have/' he answered," had an interview with

Achilles, O Apollonius, and probably you have heardhim speak at length of many things so far unknownto ourselves ; and yet you tell us nothing about

these, nor do you describe to us the figure of

Achilles, but you fill your conversation with talk of

the islands we are sailing round and of ship-building."" If you will not accuse me of bragging," said.

Apollonius,"you shall hear everything."

XVI

The rest of the company also besought him to tell chap.

them all about it, and as they were in a mood toXVI

listen to him, he said :

"Well, it was not by digging £&tKta

a ditch like Odysseus, nor by tempting souls with interview

the blood of sheep, that I obtained a conversation Achilles

with Achilles;but I offered up the prayer which

the Indians say they use in approaching their

heroes. 'O Achilles,' I said, 'most of mankinddeclare that you are dead, but I cannot agree with

them, nor can Pythagoras, my spiritual ancestor. If

then we hold the truth, show to us your own form;

for you would profit not a little by showing yourself to

my eyes, if you should be able to use them to attest

your existence.' Thereupon a slight earthquakeshook the neighbourhood of the barrow, and a youthissued forth five cubits high, wearing a cloak of

377

cap. Xitebs tt)v yXapuvBa, to Be elBos ovk dXa^cov rt?

€(paLvero, o>9 evioi<$ 6 'AÂAet/? BoKel, Beivos re

opcofievos ovk efr/AAaTTG rod (pacBpov, to Be

KaXXos ovtto) pot, BoKel eiraiverov dtjlov eireiXr)-

(j)0aL, KaiTOi 'OfjLrjpov iroXXa eV aura elirovTos,

dXXa apprjTov elvai zeal KaraXveaOai puaXXov virb

rou v/jlvovvtos r) TrapaTrXrjalcos eauTw aBeaOai.

6pd)/j,€vo<; Be, oiroaov elirov, p,el^cov eyiyvero teal

BiirXdaio<; teal virep rovro, BcoBeKaTrrj^ys yovv

i(f)dvr) fjboi, ore Br) reXecoraros eavrov eyevero, teal

to koXXo<; del ^vveireBiBov rS/jbrjteei. rr)v pev Brj

ko/jLtjv ovBe tcelpaaOai irore eXeyev, aXXa davXov

$vXd%ai to3 %7rep%ei,a), irorapcov yap wpcora)

^Trepxeifi) xp yl (ja(Tâi > Ta y^-veia B* avra) irpcoras

€/c/3oXa<; eZ%€.

Trpoo-etTTcov Be pe," dapueveos," elirev,

"evrerv-

Xqicd aot, irdXat Beopuevos dvBpbs roiovBe' ®er-

raXol yap rd evayiapLara %p6vov rjBr) ttoXvv

eteXeXoi7raai puoi, teal prjvUiv puev ovirco djJLcb,

pbr)viaavTO<; yap diroXovvTai puaXXov i) ol evravOd

TTore "EXXrjves, ^vp//3ovXia Be eiueiKel yjp&pai, pur)

vftpiêiv acf)d<; e? rd vopuipia, p,r)Be teatelovs eXeyê-adai rovreovl rebv Tpcocov, 01 roaovaBe avBpas vii

epuov dtyaipeOevre? Brjpuoaia re Ovoval puoi teal

(i)paicov dirdpxpvrai, teal iKerrjplav tiQepevoi o~ttov-

Ba$ airovaiv, as eya) ou Bdoaco' rd yap eirtop/CTjOepra

378


Thessalian fashion;but in appearance he was by no chap.

means the braggart figure which some imagineXVI

Achilles to have been. Though he was stern to look

upon, he never lost his bright look;and it seems to

me that his beauty has never received its meed of

praise, even though Homer dwelt at length upon it ;

for it was really beyond the power of words, and it

is easier for the singer to ruin his fame in this

respect than to praise him as he deserved. At first

sight he was of the size which I have mentioned,but he grew bigger, till he was twice as large andeven more than that

;at any rate he appeared to me

to be twelve cubits high just at that moment whenhe reached his complete stature, and his beautygrew apace with his length. He told me then that

he had never at any time shorn off his hair, but

preserved it inviolate for the river Spercheus, for

this was the first river he had consulted ; but on his

cheeks you saw the first down." And he addressed me and said :

'I am pleased

to have met you, since I have long wanted a manlike yourself. For the Thessalians for a long Thessalian

time past have failed to present their offerings at {Jif^D*

my tomb, and I do not yet wish to show mywrath against them ;

for if I did so, they would

perish more thoroughly than ever the Hellenes

did on this spot ; accordingly I resort to gentle

advice, and would warn them not to violate ancient

custom, nor to prove themselves worse men than

the Trojans here, who though they were robbed

of so many of their heroes by myself, yet sacrifice

publicly to me, and also give me the tithes of their

fruits in season, and olive branch in hand ask for a

truce from my hostility. But this I will not grant,

379

CAP. TOVTOLS eV 6/jL€OV/C €(ia€L TO "IXlOV 7TOT6 TO CipâiOV

avaXafielv elBos, ovBe TVêlv a/cpuf/*;, ottogt] irepl

iroXXas twi^ /caOrjprj/Mveov eyeveTO, dXX* ol/ajaovaiv

clvto /3e\TLOVS ovBev f)el %#e? rjXwaav. iv ovv prj

KoX TCL %€TTa\S)V <JL7tO$aiVW OpbOta, 7Tp€Cr/3eV€ TTCLpCl

TO fCOLVOV aVTWV VTTEp 0)V elirov."

ITpeO~j3evaO),

ecprjv,"6 yap vov$ ttj<; TTpeo-fteias rjv prj diroXeo-Qai

avToi)^. aU' e'7co 7X gov, 'AîXXev, Beopuai.""

fjvvLrj/jLL," efyr),"BrjXos yap el irepl twv Tpcot/cwv

epcoTTjawv epcoTa Be \0y0u9 irevTe, 01)9 airro9 re.

fiovXei real Molpat, ^vy^wpovo-ivT r/popLTjv ovv

7rpct)T0v, el fcaTa tov tmv iroi7]TO)v Xoyov eVfê

Tdepov."

Kelpxii pcev," elirev,"

&>9 epuotye tjBlgtov

/cal UaTpofcXw eyeveTO, tjvveftrjfiev yap Brj KopaBy

veot, ^vveyei he apfyco %pvaov<; apL<j)opev<; /ceipuevovs,

a)? eva. Movacjv Be Opyjvoi /cal NrjpyiBcov, 01)9

eV epbol yeveaOai (pao-l, Movaai puev ovB' acpi/covTO

TTOTe evTavOa, Nrjpr)iBe<; Be eTi (poiTwai." p£Ta

TavTa Be r/popirjv, el r) HoXvêvrj eiriafyayeir) avT<p,

6 Be aXrj0e$ p,ev efyrj tovto elvai, acpayrjvai Be

avTrjV ov% vtto tcov 'Aâiayv, aU' e/covaav eirl

to o-rjpua eXOovaav /cal tov eavTTj? t€ /ca/celvov

epwTa pbeydXcov dîoiaai irpoairecrovaav ftjucfrei

opOco. TpiTOV rjpopirjV' "?] 'KXevrj, 00*

A%i\Xev ,- i$

Tpoiav r)X6ev rj

r

OpL?)pro eBoêv viroOeo-Qai TavTa"

380


for the perjuries which they committed against me chap.will not suffer Ilium ever to resume its pristine

xvl

beauty, nor to regain the prosperity which yet has

favoured many a city that was destroyed of old; nay,

if they rebuild it, things shall go as hard with them as

if their city had been captured only yesterday. In

order then to save me from bringing the Thessalian

polity to the same condition, you must go as myenvoy to their council in behalf of the object I have

mentioned.' 'I will be your envoy/ I replied,

f for the object of my embassy were to save themfrom ruin. But, O Achilles, I would ask somethingof you.'

eI 'understand,' said he, 'for it is plain

you are going to ask about the Trojan war. So"ask me five questions about whatever you like,

and that the Fates approve of.'(I accordingly

asked him firstly, if he had obtained burial in

accordance with the story of the poets.''I lie here,'

he answered,' as was most delightful to myself and

Patroclus ;for you know we met in mere youth, and

a single golden jar holds the remains of both of us,

as if we were one. But as for the dirges of the

Muses and of the Nereids, which they say are sungover me, the Muses, I may tell you, never once camehere at all, though the Nereids still resort to the

spot.' Next I asked him, if Polyxena was really

slaughtered over his tomb;and he replied that this

was true, but that she was slain not by the Achaeans,but that she came of her own free will to the

sepulchre, and that so high was the value she

set on her own passion for him and his for her, that

she threw herself upon a drawn sword. The third

question I asked was this: ' Did Helen, O Achilles,

really come to Troy or was it Homer that was

381

cap. " ttoXvv"€<j)7),

"xpovov i^r)iraT(op.e0a 7rpea/3ev6-

/jlcvol T€ irapd tovs Tp&as, Kal iroLovptevoi Ta? virep

avrrjs pudyas, co? iv tu> 'JXt'a) ovarrjs, rj8* AiyuirTcv

re S/cei Kal tov Upcoreax; olkov apiraadelcra

vtto tov TLdpi8o<;. iirel Be iiriaTevOr) tovto,

virep avrrjs ttj<$ Tpoias Xoarov ipLa%6p,e0a,

ft>9 /jL7) alo")(pw,el

ToaovaBe 6/jlov Kal TOiovaBe avBpas rj 'EXXas

rjveyfcev, o7r6aov<; "Oprjpo? eVt rrjv Tpolav

gwrcLTTet,. 6 Be'AxtXXevs," ovBe ol fiapfiapoi"

e<f>r},

" 7ro\v rjficov iXelirovTO, ovtcos rj yy) iraaa

aperrjs TjvOrjae" TrepuTTTOv 8' rjpofirjv ri iraOaivr

Opurjpos tov Ua\apL7]8r)v ovk olBev, rjolBe p,ev,

i^aipel Be tov irepl' vfiatv Xoyov;"

el IlaAa/AT/S^?,"

elirev,"is Tpolav ovk rfxOev, ovBe Tpola iyeveTO'

iirel Be dvrjp aocfxoTaTos T€ Kal pa^pLCdTaTOsaireOavev, a>9 'OBvaael eBo^ev, ovk iadyeTai clvtov

e? tcl TTOLrjpLaTar

Opurjpos, a>9 purj to, ovelBrj tov

'QBvcro-ecos aBoi." Kal iiroXofyvpdpLevos avT<p 6y

A%iXXev<; &)9 pieylo-Tq) tc kcli KaXXlaTG), vewTaTwTe Kal TroXepbiKCOTaTO), o-a)(j)poavvrj tc v7rep/3a\op,ev(p

TrdvTcxs Kol iroXXa £vp,/3a\op,evq) rat? Mowrtu?," dXXa o~v"

e(f)7j,

"'AiroXXcovie, cro<f)OL<; yap irpos

aocpovs iiTLT'fjBeia, tov Te Tacpov iirip,eXr)9r)Ti,, Kal

to ayaXpua tov TlaXapLTjBovs dvdXafie (pavXcos

ippipupbevov KelTai Be iv ttj AloXlBi KaTa MtjOv-

pivav TTjv iv Aeo-/3o>." TavTa elircov Kal iirl iraai

382


pleased to make up the story ?'

' For a long chap.

time/ he replied,' we were deceived and tricked XV1

into sending envoys to the Trojans and fightingbattles in her behalf, in the belief that she was in

Ilium, whereas she really was living in Egypt andin the house of Proteus, whither she had beensnatched away by Paris. But when we becameconvinced thereof, we continued to fight to win

Troy itself, so as not to disgrace ourselves byretreat.' The fourth question which I ventured

upon was this :* I wonder,' I said, f whether

Greece has ever produced at any one time so manyand such distinguished heroes as Homer says were

gathered against Troy.' But Achilles answered :

e Why even the barbarians did not fall far short of

us, so abundantly then did excellence flourish all

over the earth.' And my fifth question was this :

* Why was it that Homer knew nothing about

Palamedes, or if he knew him, then kept him out of

your story ?' ' If Palamedes,' he answered,

' nevercame to Troy, then Troy never existed either. Butsince this wisest and most warlike hero fell in

obedience to Odysseus' whim, Homer does not

introduce him into his poems, lest he should haveto record the shame of Odysseus in his song.' Andwithal Achilles raised a wail over him as over onewho was the greatest and most beautiful of men, the

youngest and also the most warlike, one who in

sobriety surpassed all others, and had often fore-

gathered with the Muses. ' But you,' he added,i O

Apollonius, since sages have a tender regard for one

another, you must care for his tomb and restore the

image of Palamedes that has been so contemptuouslycast aside

;and it lies in Aeolis close to Methymna

383

cap. ifl Trepi tov veaviav tov €K Ildpov, a7ri]X0€ %vv

acrrpairfj fjueTpia, /cal yap Brj /cal dXe/CTpv6ve$ tfBr)

(o8r)<; ijiTTOVTO."

XVII

CAP- Toiavra puev rd eirl t?}? vecos, e? Be tov Tleipcud

eairXevcras irepl pvaTrfploov wpav, ore ÂOrjvatoL

iroXvavOpwnorara 'JLXXrfvoov irpaTTOVcnv, dvr/ei

^vvreivas dirb rrj<; veoos e? to aarv, rrpoicbv Be

ttoXXols t&v <f)i\oo-o(f)ovvT(DV eveTvyyave QdXrjpdBe

KctTiovGiv, cop ol fiev yv/jivol eOepovTO, /cal <ydp to

fjieTOTrcopov evrjXiov rot? ÂOrjvaioLs, ol Be e/c

ftiftXiGov eairovBaôv, ol 8* dirb o~TopLaTOS r/a/covvTO,

ol Be rjpiôv. iraprjet Be ovBels avTov, dXXd tc/c-

fjbrjpdjjievoi irdvTe^, &>? eorj 'AttoXXgqvios, %vvave-

o-TpecpovTO Te /cal rjcnrdôvTO yaipovTes, veavla/cot

Be ofMOV Be/ca irepiTvyovTe^ clvtw,"

vrj ttjv ÂOrjvdv

e/ceivrjv," efyaaav dvcLTelvavTes Ta? êlpa^ €9 Ti]V

d/cpoiroXiv,"

r)puel<; -apTt, e? Tieipaid eftaBl&pev

TrXevaopievoi, e? '\ooviav irapd ere." 6 Be ajreBeyeTOavToov /cal %vyxaipeLV ecî] (piXoaocpovcriv.

CAP.XVI 1 J

XVIII

*Hv puev Br) 'RTrtBavploov r)p,epa. ra Be 'E^-

Bavpia peTa irpopprjaiv Te ical lepela Bevpo pjvelv

384


in Lesbos.' With these words and with the closing; chap.YVT

remarks concerning the youth from Paros, Achilles

vanished with a flash of summer lightning, for indeed

the cocks were already beginning their chant."

XVII

So much for the conversation on board ; but chap.

having sailed into the Piraeus at the season of the

mysteries, when the Athenians keep the most welcome

crowded of Hellenic festivals, he went post haste upin Atheus

from the ship into the city ; but as he went forward,he fell in with quite a number of students of

philosophy on their way down to Phalerum. Someof them were stripped and underwent the heat, for

in autumn the sun is hot upon the Athenians ; andothers were studying books, and some were rehears-

ing their speeches, and others were disputing. Butno one passed him by, for they all guessed that it

was Apollonius, and they turned and throngedaround him and welcomed him warmly ;

and ten

youths in a body met him,, and holding up their

hands towards the Acropolis they cried :"By

Athene yonder, we were on the point of going downto the Piraeus there to take ship to Ionia in order to

visit you." And he welcomed them and said howmuch he congratulated them on their study of

philosophy.

XVIII

It was then the day of the Epidaurian festival, chap.

at which it is still customary for the Athenians to xvm

. 385

VOL. I. C C

cap.'

AOijvaiois irdrpiov eirl Ovaici Bevrepa, rovrl Be

ivofMaav Âo-KXtyniov eve/ca, on Brj ifimjaav avrbv

rjKovra 'E7rt,8avp60€V o^jre fivcrT^picov. dfjLeXrjcravTes

Be ol ttoXXoI rod puvelaOai irepl tov 'AttoXXcovlov

elyov, /cat tout ecrnovBaôv /xaXXov rj to direXdelv

T6TeXeafievoL, 6 Be ^vveaeaOai p,ev avrocs av6v$

eXeyev, e/ceXevcre Be 717)09 Tot? iepols Tore yiyveaOac,

koI yap at»To? fivelaOai. 6 Be iepo<j)dvT7]<; ovk

ifiovXero Ttapeyeiv ra lepd, fir) ydp civ irore fiviiaat

yorjra, firjBe rr)v 'RXevcrcva dvoUâi dvOpcoTrcp fir)

tcaOapw tcl Baifibvia. 6 Be 'ATroXXaivws ovBev biro

TOVTCOV TjTTCOV CLVTOV yeVOfieVO^,"OVTTCO," e(f)7],

" TO

fieyiarov, a>v eya> ey/cXr]@eLr)v civ, ecprjfcas, on irepl

t^<? TeXeT% TrXeicor)

av yiyvcocr/ccov, eyco Be 0S9

irapa aocpcorepov ifiavrov fivr]cr6fievo<; r)X@ov"

eTTCuvecravTWV Be t&v irapovTcov, o>9 eppcofievax; /ecu

TrapctTrXrjcrLcos avrco direfcpivaTO, 6 fiev lepocpdvrrjs,

e7recBr) eêtpycov avrbv ov <j)iXa T0Z9 ttoXXois eBb/cei

irpaTTetv, fiereftaXe tov tovov ical,"fivov," e(j)rj,

"crocfibs ydp Tt9 rjKeiv eoi/cas," 6 Be

'

AttoXXgovios

"fivrjcrofiai," €<pV>

"Q>Wi$, fivrjaeL Be fie 6 Beiva"

irpoyvGOcrei %p(t)fievo<; e'9 tov per eicelvov lepocfydvrrjv,

09 fiera rerrapa err) tov lepov irpovaTr).

386


celebrate the mystery at a second sacrifice after chap.

both proclamation and victims have been offered; and xvni

this custom was instituted in honour of Asclepius, initiation in

because they still initiated him when on one Bjadaurimi

occasion he arrived from Epidaurus too late formys ery

the mysteries. Now most people neglected the

initiation and hung around Apollonius, and thoughtmore of doing that than of being perfected in their

religion before they went home ; but Apolloniussaid that he would join them later on, and urgedthem to attend at once to the rites of religion,for that he himself would be initiated. But the

hierophant was not disposed to admit him to the

rites, for he said that he would never initiate a

wizard and charlatan, nor open the Eleusinian rite to

a man who dabbled in impure rites. ThereuponApollonius, fully equal to the occasion, said :

f\ You

have not yet mentioned the chief of my offence,which is that knowing, as I do, more about the

initiatory rite than you do yourself, I have never-

theless come for initiation to you, as if you werewiser than I am." The bystanders applauded these

words, and deemed that he had answered with vigourand like himself

;and thereupon the hierophant, since

he saw that his exclusion of Apollonius was not byany means popular with the crowd, changed his tone

and said :a Be thou initiated, for thou seemest to be

some wise man that has come here." But Apollonius

replied :"

I will be initiated at another time, and it

is so and so," mentioning a name," who will initiate

me." Herein he showed his gift of prevision, for he

glanced at the hierophant who succeeded the one he

addressed, and presided over the temple four yearslater.

387

c c 2

XIX

cap. TA9 Be 'AOrjvrjai biarpiftas irXelara^ /xev 6 Aa-

jjlls yeveaOai (j)r)xrltw dvBpi, ypdyjrai Be ov irdaa^,

dXXd rd<; dvay/caia<? re teal irepl fieydXcov cnrovBa-

a0€L(Tas. rr)v /lev Br) TTpcorrjv BidXe^tv, iireiBr)

(ptXoOvras roix;'

Adrjvatov; elBev, virep lepwv

BieXeâro, /cal a>9 av tj? e? to e/cdarcp rcov Oecov

ol/celov /cal irrjvi/ca Be t% rj/juepas re teal vv/crbs r)

Qvoii) airevBoL r) evyoiro, ical fiifShltp

''

ArroXXwviov

irpoarvêlv eariv, ev w ravra rfj eavrov (pcovfj

e/cBiBda/cei. BirjXOe Be ravra'

Adr]vr)ai rrpoyrov

fjuev virep aotyias avrov re /cd/celvcov, elr eXeyxcovrov lepocpdvrrjv Bi a

fiXacrcjyrfficos re /cal dfia-

Oobs elire' -n? yap en<pr)6r) ra BaifiovLa fir)

tcaOapbv elvai rov (fnXoaocpovvra, 07ra>9 ol Oeol

Oepairevreoi ;

XX

cap. AiaXeyofievov Be avrov irepl rov arrevBeiv, rrap-

ervê fiev tg3 Xoycp fieipd/ciov rcov dftptov ovrcos

daeXyes vofii^bfievov, &>? yeveaOai rrore /cal

dfia^tov ao-fia, 7rarph Be avrco Kep/cvpa r)v /cal e?

'AX/clvovv dvecpepe rov Ijevov rov 'OBvcrcTecos rov

<t>aia/ca, /cal Birjei fiev 6*

AttoXXcovios irepl rov

388


XIX

Many were the discourses which according to chap.XIX

Damis the sage delivered at Athens; though he did

not write down all of them, but only the more Athenians

important ones in which he handled great subjects.on Rell^ion

He took then for the topic of his first discourse the

matter of rites and ceremonies, and this because hesaw that the Athenians were much addicted to

sacrifices ;and in it he explained how a religious man

could best adapt his sacrifice, his libation, or prayersto any particular divinity, and at what hours of dayand night he ought to offer them. And it is possibleto obtain a book of Apollonius, in which he givesinstructions on these points in his own words. Butat Athens he discussed these topics with a view to

improving his own wisdom and that of others in the

first place, and in the second of convicting the

hierophant of blasphemy and ignorance in the

remarks he had made ;for who could continue to

regard as one impure in his religion a man who

taught philosophically how the worship of the godsis to be conducted ?

XX

Now while he was discussing the question of chap.

libations, there chanced to be present in his audience xx

a young dandy who bore so evil a reputation for a demaniao

licentiousness, that his conduct had once been the youth who. . r

'

TI . i mocked at

subject ot coarse street-corner songs. His home was him

Corcyra, and he traced his pedigree to Alcinous the

Phaeacian who entertained Odysseus. Apollonius then

389

cap. o~7revBeiv, e/ceXeve Be firj rriveiv rov 7rorr)piov

rovrov, (pvXdrreiv Be avrb rots 0€ol$ dy^pavrbv

re teal drrorov. errel Be /cal o)ra e/ceXevae rS

TTorrjpiq} TTOieladat /cal cnrevBeiv /caret, rb ou?,

aft ov fiepovs nq/uara irivovaiv avOpwrroi,, rb

fietpd/ciov /carecr/ceBaae rov Xoyov irXarvv re

/cal daeXyrj yeXcora' 6 Be dvaftXe-tyas e'9 avro," ov crv," ecprj,

" ravra vftpL^eis, aXX' 6 Baifuov, 09

eXavvei ae ov/c elBora" eXeXrjOet, Be apa Bat/juovoov

rb fxeLpa/ciov eyeXa re yap e(f> 0Z9 ovBels erepos

/cal p.ere/3aXXev e'9 rb /cXdeiv alriav ov/c eypv,

BieXeyerb re irpbs eavrbv /cal f}Be. /cal ol fiev

iroXXol rr)v veorrjra a/cLprwaav wovro e/c$epeiv

avrb e? ravra, 6 8' vire/cpivero apa tg3 Baifiovi ical

eBo/cec irapoivelvy a eirapwvei rbre, opwvros re e'9

avrb rod 'AttoXXcqvlov, BeBoi/corco<; re /cal opylXws

(pwvas rjcplei rb eiBcoXov, biroaai Kaofievcov re ical

o-rpeftXovfiepcov elaiv, dcfretjecrOaL re rod fietpa/clov

(o/jlvv /cal fjbrjBevl dvOpojiTwv epmeGeluOaL. rod Be

olov Beairorov Trpbs dvBpdrroBov ttol/clXov iravovp-

ybv re /cal dvaiBes /cal rd roiavra %vv 6pyfj

Xeyovros, ical /ceXevovros avro) %vv reK/xypto)

diraXXdrreaOai," rbv Belva"

e<j>rj," /carafiaXw

dvBpidvrar Bellas nvd r€)v irepl rr)V BaaiXeiov

arodv, irpbs fjravra eirpdrrero' errel Be 6 dvBpids

vTre/cLVTjOrj irpwrov, elra eireae, rbv fiev Oopvftov

39°


was talking about libations, and was urging them not chap.

to drink out of a particular cup, but to reserve it forxx

the gods, without ever touching it or drinking out of

it. But when he also urged them to have handles

on the cup, and to pour the libation over the handle,because that is the part of the cup at which men are

least likely to drink, the youth burst out into loud

and coarse laughter, and quite drowned his voice.

Then Apollonius looked up at him and said :"

It is

not yourself that perpetrates this insult, but the

demon, who drives you on without your knowing it.'*

And in fact the youth was, without knowing it,

possessed by a devil;for he would laugh at things

that no one else laughed at, and then he would fall

to weeping for no reason at all, and he would talk

and sing to himself. Now most people thtiught that

it was the boisterous humour of youth which led himinto such excesses ; but he was really the mouth-

piece of a devil, though it only seemed a drunkenfrolic in which on that occasion he was indulging.Xow when Apollonius gazed on him, the ghost in

him began to utter cries of fear and rage, such as

one hears from people who are being branded or

racked;and the ghost swore that he would leave

the young man alone and never take possession of

any man again. But Apollonius addressed him with

anger, as a master might a shifty, rascally, and shame-less slave and so on, and he ordered him to quit the

young man and show by a visible sign that he had doneso. " I will throw down yonder statue," said the devil,

and pointed to one of the images which was in the

king's portico, for there it was that the scene took

place. But when the statue began by moving gently,and then fell down, it would defy anyone to describe

391

cap. rbv eirl rovrw Kal ft>9 i/cpoTrjaav vtto Oavfiaros, ri

av Ti? ypd<f>oi; to Be pueipaKiov, coairep afyvnv'ujav,

rov<; re 6(f)0a\fiovs erpitye Kal irpbs t«9 avyasrod rjXiov elBev, alBco re eireaTrdaaro Trdvrcov e?

avrb iarpa/x/jievcov, daeXyes re ovKeri ecpalvero,

ovBe dra/crov PXerrov, dXX' iiravrjXOev e'9 rr)v

kavrov $v<jiv pieiov ovBev rj el âpfiaKoiroaia

efcexprjro, fieraftaXov re ra)v -xXaviBUov Kal

XjjBlcov /cal T779 aXXrjs avftdpiSo*;, 69 epcora rjXdev

avx/jbov Kal rpl/3(ovo<; Kal 69 rd rod 'AiroXXcovlov

tjOtj drreBvaaro.

XXI

cap.'TL7ri7r\f)l;ai, be Xeyerac rrepl Atovvalcov 'A#?7-

XXI /A / 1 > </ ~ >/}

vaiois, a rroteirai o~<pio-iv ev copa, rov avuearrjpico-

vos' 6 fjuev yap fJLOV(pBia<; aKpoavojievovs Kal

fjLe\o7roua<; Trapaftdoecov re Kal pvO/icov, ottoctol

Koi/jurpSlas re Kal rpaycoBias elcriv, 69 to dearpov

%VfjL<j)oirciv (pero, irrel Be r/KOVcrev, on avXov

VTTOo-rjfirjvavros Xvyiafiov? opyovvrai, Kal fiera^v

•7-7)9 '0/?^)eft)9 eiroTrodas re Kal OeoXoylas rd fiev

o>9 *£lpai, rd he o>9 Nv/uucpai, rd Be 0S9 Ba/câtitparrowiv, e'9 eTTLTrXrjtjiv rovrov Karearr), Kai,"iravcraaOe," elirev,

"e%opypvp,evoi toi>9 SaXa-

/jlivlovs Kal ttoXXovs erepovs Kei/xevov^ dyaOovs

dvBpas, el puev yap AaKoyvtKr) ravra op^rjac^,

evye ol crrpariwrai, yv/updêaOe ydp iroXefMp Kal

39 2


the hubbub which arose thereat and the way they chap.

clapped their hands with wonder. But the youngxx

man rubbed his eyes as if he had just woke upland helooked towards the rays of the sun, and won the con-

sideration of all who now had turned their attention to

him; for he no longer showed himself licentious, nor

did he stare madly about, but he had returned to his

own self, as thoroughly as if he had been treated with

drugs ; and he gave up his dainty dress and summerygarments and the rest of his, sybaritic way of life,

and he fell in love with the austerity of philosophers,and donned their cloak, and stripping off his old self

modelled his life in future upon that of Apollonius.

XXI

And he is said to have rebuked the Athenians for chap.

their conduct of the festival of Dionysus, which theyXXI

hold at the season of the month Anthesterion. For Athenianwhen he saw them nocking to the theatre he levity at

imagined that they were going to listen to solos and rSiy*

compositions in the way of processional and

rhythmic hymns, such as are sung in comedies and

tragedies ;but when he heard them dancing

lascivious jigs to the rondos of a flute, and in the

midst of the solemn and sacred music of Orpheusstriking attitudes as the Hours, or as nymphs, or as

bacchants, he set himself to rebuke their

proceedings, and said :"Stop dancing away the

reputations of the victors of Salamis as well as of

many other good men departed this life. For if

indeed this were a Lacedaemonian form of dance, I

would say,'

Bravo, soldiers;

for you are training

yourselves for war, and I Avill join in your dance'

;

393

sus

cap. !;vvop)(rj<TOfJLai,el Se airaXrj /cal e? to Orfkv airev-

XXI£ ' JL

~ V ' 'V v

bovaa, tl (pco irept twv rpoiraicov ; ov yap Kara

MrjSa)V ravra t) Uepa&v, /ca@' v/awv Se kernel,

rcov avaOevrayv aura el XiiroiaQe. /cpo/ccoTol Se

vpXv /cal dXovpyia /cal /coicxoftafyia TOLavrrj iroOev ;

ovBe yap at*

Kyapvai ye w8e ecneWovTO, ovhe 6

KoXayvbs cdSe iirireve. /cal tl Xeyco TavTa ; yvvrj

vavapyps e/c Kaplan 60' vpuas eirXevae pueTa

SipôVj /cal rjv avTjj yvvai/celov ovhev, d\7C dvhpbs

aTo\r) /cal oirXa, vpuels Be aftpoTepoi twv Hepôv

yvvai/ctov eft eavTovs aTeXXeade ol yepovTes ol

veoi toi(f)7)/3i/c6v, ol irdXaL pbev copuvvaav e?

'AypavXov cf>oLTwvTes virep ttjs iraiplhos diroOa-

veladai /cal oirXa Orjaeadat, vvv he tarns opuovvTai

virep ttjs iraipihos /3a/c%evaeiv /cal . Ovpaov

XtfyfreaOai, /copvv puev ovhepulav (pepov, yvvaiKOfiLfiw

oe pbop$(opLaTL, /caTCL tov F^vpLTriSijv, alaypws

Stairpeirov. d/covco Se vpuas /cal dvepuovs ylyveadai,

/cal Xrjhia avaaeieiv XeyeaOe eirtirXa peiewpwsavTa fcoXirovvTes. eSet Se dXXa tovtovs ye alSel-

aOat, ^vpbpbdyovs ovTas /cal irvevaavias virep vp,wv

pueya, purjhe tov Bopeav /cijSeaTrjv ye ovtcl /cal

irapa irdvias tovs dvepovs apaeva iroielaOai

OrjXvv, ovBe ydp ttjs *£lpeidvia$ epaaT7j<; av iroie 6

Bopeas eyeveTO, el /cd/celvrjv opôvpuevrjv elBe"

394


but as it is a soft dance and one of effeminate chap.

tendency, what am I to say of your nationalXX1

trophies? Not as monuments of shame to the

Medians or Persians, but to your own shame theywill have been raised, should you degenerate so much-from those who set them up. And what do youmean by your saffron robes and your purple andscarlet raiment? For surely the Acharnians neverdressed themselves up in this way, nor ever the

knights of Colonus rode in such a garb. And whydo I say this? A woman commanded a ship fromCaria and sailed against you with Xerxes, and about

her there was nothing womanly, but she wore the

garb and armour of a man;but you are softer than

the women of Xerxes' day, and you are dressing

yourselves up to your own despite, old and youngand tender youth alike, you who of old flocked to

the temple of Agraulus in order to swear to die in

battle on behalf of the fatherland. And now it

seems that the same people are ready to sweat

to become bacchants and don the thyrsus in behalf

of their country ;and no one bears a helmet, but

disguised as female harlequins, to use the phrase of

Euripides, they shine in shame alone. Nay more, I Burip.

hear that you turn yourselves into winds, and wave ^^has

your skirts, and pretend that you are ships bellyingtheir sails aloft. But surely you might at least havesome respect for the winds that were your allies andonce blew mightily to protect you, instead of turningBoreas who was your patron, and who of all the winds

is the most masculine, into a woman;

for Boreas

would never have become the lover of Oreithya, if

he had seen her executing, like you, a skirt dance."

395

XXII

cap.AiG)p0ovTo Be /cd/celvo

\

'

Kdrjvâiv' oi 'AOtjvciIol

%vviovre<; e'9 Oearpov to vtto rfj d/cporroXeL

rrpoaelyov atyayals dvOpcoircov, /cal eairovBdêro

ravra e/cel fxdXXov rj ev KopivOa) vvv, ^piqpidrwvre /leydXcov ecovrj/jtevoi ijyovro puoiôl /cal iropvoi

/cal Toiyj&pv'xpi /cal ftaXavrioropbOi /cal dvBpa-iroBiaral /cal rd roiavra eOvrj, oi 6° wttXiôv

avrovs /cal e/ceXevov ^VfJurriirreLV. eXdfiero Be /cal

rovrcov 6 'AttoXXgovlos, /cal /caXovvrcov avrov e'9

i/c/cXrjalav'

AOrjvaiwv ov/c av ecprj irapeXOelv e'9

yj&piov d/cdOaprov /cal XvOpov fiearov. eXeye Be

ravra ev iiriaroXf). /cal Oavpudêiv eXeyev"

ottcqs

f) Oebs ov /cal rr)V d/cpoiroXiv rjBr) i/cXeiirec roiovrov

alfia v/jlcov e/cêovrcov avrfj. Bo/ceZre ydp puoi irpo-

vovres, eireiBdv rd UavaOijvaia 7rep,7rrjre, fjurjBe

/3ov9 en, dXX' e/caro/jiftas dvOpcoircov /caraOvaeiv

rfi Oeq>. av Be, Aiovvae, /nerd roiovrov alpua e'9 ro

Oearpov <f)oird<; ; /cd/cel aoi airevBovaiv oi ao<poly

A07jvacoc ; /juerdarrjOi /cal av, Aiovvae' KtOaipdyv

/caOapoorepos" roidBe evpov rd airovc

rcov (j)iXoo-o(j)7]devr(ov 'AOrjvrjo-iv avrd) rore.

XXIII

cap. Êiirpeafievae Be /cal irapd rov<; (H)erraXov<; virep

rov 'A%Â,Xeft)9 Kara rovs ev YivXaict ifvXXoyovs,

396


XXII

He also corrected the following abuse at Athens, chap.

The Athenians ran in crowds to the theatre beneath.

n

the Acropolis to witness human slaughter, and the criticism of

passion for such sports was stronger there than it is giadiatoriala i o snows inin Corinth to-day ;

for they would buy for large sums Athens

adulterers and fornicators and burglars and cut-

purses and kidnappers and such-like rabble, andthen they took them and armed them and set

them to fight with one another. Apollonius thenattacked these practices, and when the Atheniansinvited him to attend their assembly, he refused to

enter a place so impure and reeking with gore.And this he said in an epistle to them ;

he said that

he was surprised" that the goddess had not already

quitted the Acropolis, when you shed such blood

under her eyes. For I suspect that presently, when

you are conducting the pan-Athenaic procession, youwill no longer be content with bulls, but will be

sacrificing hecatombs of men to the goddess. Andthou, O Dionysus, dost thou after such bloodshed

frequent their theatre ? And do the wise amongthe Athenians pour libations to thee there ? Naydo thou depart, O Dionysus. Holier and purer is

thy Cithaeron."

Such were the more serious of the subjects whichI have found he treated of at that time in Athensin his philosophic discourses.

XXIII

And he also went as envoy to the Thessalians in chap.

behalf of Achilles at the time of the conferencesXX[n

397

Cap. ev oh ol ®€ttcl\oI to, 'Ap,(f)i/CTVOvi/cd TrpaTTOvatv,ol he helaavTes iyjr7)<piaavro dvaXa/3eiv ra irpoai)-

/covra t&3 rd(po). /cal to Aecovlhov arjfia tov

îrapTLaTov /jlovovov irepieftaXev dyao~0el<? tov

avhpa. eirl he tov /coXcovbv j3ahi^cov, eft ov

XeyovTai Aa/cehai/juovioi 7repi%coo-0r)vai tois Tofeu-

jjbao-iv, rj/covae tcov o/jLiXtjtcov hiafyepopLevtov

a\\ij\ot5, 6 ti eli) to v-^rrjXoTdTOV T7]<;

f

E\\aSo9,

rrapelê he dpa tov Xoyov r) Oltt) to 6po<; ev

ocpOaX/jiois ovaa, /cal dveXOcov eirl tov Xocpov,"eyco" ecf)7),

" to v^jrrjXoTaTOv tovto rjyov/jLai, ol

yap evTdvda inrep eXevdepias diroQavovTes dvTavr)-

yayov ai)TO ttj Ofay /cal virep iroXXov^ ÔXvpurov^

rjpav. eyco he dya/xai fiev /cal Tovahe tov<$ avhpas,tov he 'A/capvava M.eyio~TLav /cal Trpo tovtcov, a

yap Treicro/jLevovs eyiyvcoa/ce, tovtcov eireQvpnqGe

/cocvcovrja.ac to?9 dvhpdcnv, ov to dirodavelv heiaas,

dXXa to jmeTa TOicovhe fir) TeOvdvai?

cap. XXIVXXIV

'E7T6</>otT7;o-6 he /cal Tot? 'RXXrjvi/coLS lepols

irdcTL tco T€ Acohcovaico /cal tw Uvdc/cco /cal tco ev

'AftaU, e? 'Apxpidpeco Te /cal Tpocpcovlov eftdhiae

/cal 69 to Movcreoov to ev 'KXi/ccovi dveftrj.

cpotTcovTC he 6*9 tcl lepd Kol hcopOovfievco aVTCl

gvvecpoiTcov fiev ol tepels, r)/coXovOovv he ol yvcopi-

398


held in Pylaea, at which the Thessalians transact the chap.

Amphictyonic business. And they were so frightened!l1

that the}r

passed a resolution for the resumption ofThelsaiy.

the ceremonies at the tomb. As for the monument^ulo

^Jof

of Leonidas the Spartan, he almost surrounded it

with a shrine, out 'of admiration for the hero;and

as he was coming to the mound where the Lacedae-monians are said to have been overwhelmed by the

bolts which the enemy rained upon them, he heardhis companions discussing with one another whichwas the loftiest hill in Hellas, this topic beingsuggested it seems by the sight of the mountain of

Oeta which rose before their eyes ;so ascending the

mound, he said :" I consider this the loftiest spot of

all, for those who fell here in defence of freedomraised it to a level with Oeta and carried it to a

height surpassing many mountains like Olympus.It is these men that I admire, and beyond any of

them Megistias the Acarnanian;

for he knew the

death that they were about to die, and deliberatelymade up his mind to share in it with these heroes,

fearing not so much death, as the prospect that heshould miss death in such company."

XXIV

And he also visited all the Greek shrines, namely chap.that of Dodona, and the Pythian temple, and the XXIV

one at Abae, and he betook himself to those of ^J^™**Amphiareus and of Trophonius, and he went up to

the shrine of the Muses on Mount Helicon. Andwhen he visited these temples and corrected the

rites, the priests went in his company, and the

399

cap. pot, Xoycov re /cparrjpes Xaravro kclI i)pvovro

avrtov oi Biyjrcovres. ovrcav Be /cal ÔXv/jlttLcov /cal

/caXovvrcov avrbv 'HXeicov eirl /coivcoviav rov dyco-

vos,"Bo/celre /xot," e(j>r},

"BidfidXXeiv rr)v tcov

'OXvfjLTTLcov Bofjav irpeo-fSeiwv Beofievoi Trpbs rovs

avroOev ijgovTa?" yev6/ue/ui,o<; Be /card rbv 'ladfibv

/jLV/crjo-afievr)? t>}? irepl rb Aeâcov OaXdrrrj^," ovtos" elirev, "6 av^rjv rrj? 7779 rerfirjo-erac, /JbdX-

Xov Be ov." el%€ Be avra> /cat rovro irpopprjaiv rrj<;

fjLL/cpbv varepov irepl rbv 'Icr6fj.bv ro/j,r}<;, rjv fierd

errj eirrd Nepcov Btevorjdrj' rd yap ffaaiXeia e/cXc-

irayv e? rrjv 'RXXdBa d(pc/cero Krjpvy/jbacriv vrroQr)-

crcov eavrbv ÔXv/jlttckol^ re /cal UvOi/coh, evt/ca Be

/cal 'laO/uLol' ai Be vlicai rjcrav Ki.OapwBiai /cal

/ctfpv/ces, evl/ca Be /cal rpaycoBovs iv 'QXvfjLTTiq.

Tore Xeyerau /cal rrj<; irepl rbv 'Io~0/jlov Katvoro/juLa^

dyfraadac, TrepLTrXovv avrbv epyaôfievos /cal rbv

Alyatov to) 'ABpia ^vjx^dXXcov, ft)? jjurjirdaa vav$

virep M.aXeav irXeoi, KOjiiôivro re at iroXXal Bid

rov prjyfJbaro^ ^vvrepLVovaai rd<; irepiftoXds rov

ttXov. tty] Be drrefir) rb rov''

AiroXXcovlov Xoyuov;

r) opvxv TVV &PXVV L7r0 Aeâiov Xaftovaa ardBta

Trpovftr] &7ft>? rerrapa fiwe^co? opvrrovrcov, ayelv

Be Xeyerac Nepeov rrjv rofirjv oi fiev AlyvrrricDV

400

LIFE OF APOLLON1US, BOOK IV

votaries followed in his steps, and goblets were set chap.

up flowing with rational discourse and the thirstyXXIV

quaffed their wine. And as the Olympic Games is invited to

were coming on, and the people of Elis invited him ^Jjj 1

ympic

to take part in the contest, he answered :" You

seem to me to tarnish the glory of the OlympicGames, if you need to send special invitations to

those who intend to visit you from this veryland." And he was at the Isthmus, when the sea Predicts

was roaring around Lechaeum, and hearing it he Sthmiiin

said : "This neck of land shall be cut through, or c&n^

rather it shall not be cut." And herein he uttered

a prediction of the cutting of the Isthmus which was

attempted soon afterwards, when Nero in the

seventh year of his reign projected it. For the

latter left his imperial palace and came to Hellas,with the intention of submitting himself to the

heralds' commands, in the Olympic and Pythianfestivals ; and he also won the prize at the Isthmus,his victories being won in the contest of singingto the harp and in that of the heralds. And he also

won the prize for tragedians at Olympia. It is said

that he then formed the novel project of cutting

through the Isthmus, in order to make it possiblefor ships to sail right round and by it, and to

unite the Aegean with the Adriatic Sea. So instead

of every ship having to round Cape Malea, most

by passing through the canal so cut could abridgean otherwise circuitous voyage. But mark the

upshot of the oracle delivered by Apollonius. Theybegan to dig the canal at Lechaeum, but they had not

advanced more than about four stadia of continuous

excavation, when Nero stopped the work of cutting

it, some say because Egyptian men of science

401

vol. 1. D D

cap.cf)i,\o(TO(f>7]advT(0v avT& t«9 OakaTTas /cal to virep

Aeâtov ireXayos virepxyOev d(f>avceiv elirovTcnv

ttjv Acyivav, ol Be vecoTepa irepl rfj apXV BelaavTa.

toiovtov p,ev Br) tov'

AttoXXcovlov to tov '\o6p,bv

rerfirjcreadaL Kal ov TeTâeaOai.

XXV

^^ 'Ev KopLvOtp Be <j)LXocro(f)cov eTvy%ave rore At)fir/-

Tptos, dvrjp ijvi>€L\r}(f>Q)<; dirav to ev Kvvi/cf} Kpdros,

ov Qafiwplvos vcrrepov ev ttoXXols rcov eavTOv Xo-

ywv ovk dyevvo)aal tov 'AvTtadevqv 777)09 ttjv

tov XcorcpcLTOVS ao(j>lav iraOelv, eXirero aura) /jLaOrj-

tlo)v fcal 7rpocrK€L/j,evo<; to2<? Xoyot,?, Kal tcov avro)

yvcopljuLcovTovs €v$o/ci/jLcoT6pov<; eVt tov'AttoXXcoviov

erpeirev, wv Kal Âkvnnros rjv 6 Avkios, err) fiev ye-

yova)<; irevre /cat eUoai, yv(Ofir}<; Be licavo)? eyjuav Kal

to cwfMi ev /caTeo-fcevao-fievos, ewKet, yovv dOXrjTj}

koXg) Kal eXev6epi(p to elBos. epaaOau Be rov Me-

VLTTirov ol iroXXol gjovto V7rb yvvalov %evov, to Be

yvvaiov tcaXij T€ e(f>alveTO Kal iKavco^ dftpd, Kal

irXovTelv e(f>ao-Kev} ovBev Be tovtcdv apa aTe^yo)^

rtv, aXXa eBoKei irdvTa. Kara yap ttjv 6Bbv tt)v eirl

K€7%oea9 fiaBLôvTt ai>TG) fiovcp, <j>do-/ua evTvypv

yvvr\ T€ eyeveTO, Kal XeiPa £vvr}tyev epav avTOv

irdXai (pdcrKovcra, ôiviaaa Be elvai Kal oIkclv ev

402


explained to him the nature of the seas, and declared chap.

that the sea above Lechaeum would flood and XXIV

obliterate the island of Aegina, and others becausehe apprehended a revolution in the empire. Suchthen was the meaning of Apollonius' prediction that

the Isthmus would be cut through and would not becut through.

XXV

Now there was in Corinth at that time a man chap.

named Demetrius, who studied philosophy and had xxv

embraced in his system all the masculine vigour ofthe of

hMenippm

Cynics. Of him Favorinus in several of his own works a»d \he

subsequently made the most generous mention, andhis attitude towards Apollonius was exactly that

which they say Antisthenes took up towards the

system of Socrates ;for he followed him and was

anxious to be his disciple, and was devoted to his

doctrines, and converted to the side ofApollonius the

more esteemed of his own pupils. Among the latter

was Menippus a Lycian of twenty-five years of age,well endowed with good judgment, and of a

physique so beautifully proportioned that in mien heresembled a fine and gentlemanly athlete. Nowthis Menippus was supposed by most people to beloved by a foreign woman, who was good-looking and

extremely dainty, and said that she was rich ;

although she was really, as it turned out, noneof these things, but was only so in semblance. For

as he was walking all alone along the road towards

Cenchreae, he met with an apparition, and it was a

woman who clasped his hand and declared that she

had been long in love with him, and that she was a

403

n d 2

cap. TrpoaaretM ttjs KopU'dov, to Beiva elirovaa

TrpodcTTeiov,"69 o eo-irepas" ec/)?;,

"a§iKO\xkvw

<roi (pBrj T€ virdpêc ifiov aSovarj? teal olvos, olov

ovttw eirte^, teal ovBe dvTepaarr)? ivo'^tjaei o~e,

fiiaxjo/jLai Be teakr} £vv tea\o3" tovtois V7ra%9els 6

veavia<;, ttjv fiev yap aXXrjv <f>i\ocro<f>Lav eppwro,

rebv Be ipcoTiKcov 7]ttt]to, i<f>oiT7)(re irepl ecnrepav

avrfj teal tov \olttov yjpovov eOdpaêv, toenrep

TraiSLteols, ovttg) %vvel$ tov ^dapuTO^.'O Be 'AiroWeovio? dvBpiavTOiroiov Bi/erjv e? top

M.evi7T7rov /3\e7T(ov efaypdefret top veavlav teal

edeoopei, tearayvovs Be avTov," av puevToi" elirev,

"6

teaXos re teal viro tcov /ea\cov yvvai/ecov 6rjpev6p.evo<;

o<piv OaXmeis teal ae 0(£t<»." OavpudaavTOs Be tov

iSAeviTTirov, "on yvvi] aoi" ecf)rj,"early ov ya/bLeri).

tl be ; 7)777 vir avTi)s epaauac ; vi) At , earev,"

iiretBr) BidteeiTai irpos jne 009 epcoaa.""

teal

yr)p,at$ B' av avTrjv;" ecf>r).

"âpiev yap av etr)

to ayairoyaav yrj/jLac." rjpeTO ovv,"Tn)viiea ol

yd/ioi;" "

depjuLoi" e(pr),"

teal iaa><; avptovT eiri-

(f>v\dj;as ovv tov tov avpmoaiov teaipov 6 'AttoX-

\ojvios teal eiriGTas toi<; BacTvpuoaiv dpTi tjkovgi,

ttov, e<prj, t] appa, ol rjv tf/eeTe; evTavva,

elirev 6 MevL7T7ro<; teal dfia viravlaTaTO epvOpiwv.

404


Phoenician woman and lived in a suburb of Corinth , chap.and she mentioned the name of the particular

xxv

suburb, and said :" When you reach the place this

evening, you will hear my voice as I sing to you, and

you shall have wine such as you never before drank,and there will be no rival to disturb you ;

and wetwo beautiful beings will live together." The youthconsented to this, for although he was in general a

strenuous philosopher, he was nevertheless sus-

ceptible to the tender passion ;and he visited her in

the evening, and for the future constantly soughther company by way of relaxation, for he did not

yet realise that she was a mere apparition.Then Apollonius looked over Menippus as a

sculptor might do, and he sketched an outline of

the youth and examined him, and having observed

his foibles, he said :" You are a fine youth and are

hunted by fine women, but in this case you are

cherishing a^ serpent, and a serpent cherishes you."And when Menippus expressed his surprise, headded :

(t For this lady is of a kind you cannot

marry. Why should you ? Do you think that she

loves you ?" " Indeed I do," said the youth,

" since

she behaves to me as if she loves me." " And would

you then marry her ?"

said Apollonius."Why,

yes, for it would be delightful to marry a womanwho loves you." Thereupon Apollonius asked whenthe wedding was to be. "

Perhaps to-morrow," said

the other, "for it brooks no delay." Apollonius there-

fore waited for the occasion of the wedding breakfast,and then, presenting himself before the guests whohad just arrived, he said :

" Where is the dainty

lad}' at whose instance ye are come ?" " Here she

is," replied Menippus, and at the same moment he

405

cap. "6 Be dpyvpos /cal 6 ^/oucro? /cal ra Xoiird, oI<? o

dvBpoov K€/c6<T/jLr)Tca, worepov v/jlcov;

" "t?}9 yvvai-

#09," e^>»7,"

ra/jid yap roaavTa," Setfa? rbv

eavrov Tpiftcova.

O Be 'A7roWet)wo9,"tovs TavrdXov /crjTrovs"

efyr],"

eiBere, a>9 6We? ov/c eicri;" "

7rap' 'Ofirfpca

ye" e(f>aaav," ov yap e? AlBov ye /cara/3dvT€<;"

" tovt"€<j>rj,

"/cal rovrovl rbv /cocrfiov rjyelcrOe,

ov yap vXtj iariv, dXXa vXrjs Botja. a>9 Be yi-

yvcoo-fcoire, Xeyay, rj XP7!

'

1'*} vvyb^t] fjula rcov

e/jL7rovacov eo~Tiv, a? \a//ia? re teal /jLopfioXv/cias

ol iroXXol rjyovvrai. epcoat 8' avrat, ical d<f>poBi-

aicov fjbiv, aapK&v Be /jbdXio-ra dvdpwivelwv epwo~i

ical iraXevovav rols d$poBiaioi<$, 01)9 dv e6eXcoo~i

BaiaaaOai." rj Be,"

ev(f>ij/j,ei" eXeye,"

/cal diraye"/cal fxvaaTTeaOai eBo/cei, a tf/cove, /cat ttov /cal

dTrea/ccDTrre TOU9 (friXoaocpovs, a>9 del Xrjpovvra<;.

eirel fievTOi ra eKiroofiara ra %pvad ical 6 Bo/cwv dp-

yvpo? dvefiLala riXeyxOr), ical BteTrrrj twv 6(j>0aX/jLa)v

diravra, olvoxpoi re /cal o-tyoiroiol ical rj roiavrr]

Oepaireua iraa-a rjâviaO'qaav eXey%6fievoi virb

rov''

AttoXXwviov, Ba/cpvovri eaucei to ^do-pa, /cal

eBelro firj fiao-aviêiv avro, firjBe dvay/cdêiv ofioXo-

yelv, ri etrj, eTwceifievov Be /cal firj dvievros

efiirovad re elvaie<f>rj

/cal tnaivew r/Boval<; rbv ^

406


rose slightly from his seat, blushing." And to chap.

which of you belong the silver and gold and all the xxv

rest of the decorations of the banqueting hall ?"

" To the lady/' replied the youth," for this is all I

have of my own/' pointing to the philosopher's cloak

which he wore.

And Apollonius said :

" Have you heard of the

gardens of Tantalus, how they exist and yet donot exist?

" "Yes," they answered, "in the poems

of Homer, for we certainly never went down to

Hades." "As such," replied Apollonius, "youmust regard this world of ours, for it is not realitybut the semblance of reality. And that you mayrealise the truth of what I say, this fine bride is

one of the vampires, that is to say of those beingswhom the many regard as lamias and hobgoblins.These beings fall in love, and they are devoted to

the delights of Aphrodite, but especially to the flesh

of human beings, and they decoy with such delightsthose whom they mean to devour in their feasts."

And the lady said :

" Cease your ill-omened talk and

begone"; and she pretended to be disgusted at

what she heard, and in fact she was inclined to rail

at philosophers and say that they always talked

nonsense. When, however, the goblets of gold andthe show of silver were proved as light as air and all

fluttered away out of their sight, while the wine-

bearers and the cooks and all the retinue of servants

vanished before the rebukes of Apollonius, the

phantom pretended to weep, and prayed him not to

torture her nor to compel her to confess what she

really was. But Apollonius insisted and would not

let her off, and then she admitted that she was a

vampire, and was fattening Up Menippus with

407

cap. M.evi7T7rop e? ftpwatv rod adtpaTos, rd yap /caXa

twv crw/judrcov /ecu via acrelaOac evopuêv, eVetSr/

d/cpai(f>ves avTols to alfia. rovrov tov Xoyov yvwpi-

fjucorarov tcov 'AttoXXcdvlov Tvyyj'wovTa e£ dvdy/CT]<;

ejxrjKwa, yoyveba/covert, fiev yap irXeiov; avrov, (ire

tcaO* 'EXXdSa pecrrjv irpaÔevra, ^vXXrjfthrjv he

avTov irapeiXrjâatv, on eXot irore ev K.oplv6q)

Xdfiiav, 6 tl pAvTOi irpdrrova-av /cal on virep

yiev'nnrov, ov7rco yiyvcba/covaiv, dXXa AdpuSu re

real i/c tcov i/cetvov Xoywv ipuol ecprjrai.

XXVI

xxvi Tot6 fcal 777209 Hdo-aov BLrjve^dr] tov i/c 7^79 Ko-

pivOov, TrarpaXoias yap OUT09 zeal i86/c€t /cal eVe-

irio-TevTO, crofyiav Be eavrov /careyjrevSero /cat

%aXivb<; ov/c r/v iirl rfj yXcoTTrj. XocSopovpuevov Be

avrov eireo-êv 6 'KttoXXcovlos, 0I9 re eireareiXev 0I9

Te BteXe'xpT) Kar avrov. ttclv ydp, oirep 009 e'9

irarpaXoiav ekeyev, oX^des eBo/cet,, pur) ydp dv itore

TOibvBe avBpa €9 XoiBopiav e/CTreaelv, pbrfb^ dv

elirelv to piv ov.

XXVII

cap. ^ a $e & ÔXvpariq, rod dvSpbs roiavra' dvibvTix vn

Tro ^KiroXXoavifp 69 ÔXvpuiriav eveTvypv Aa/ce8aip,o-

408


pleasures before devouring his body, for it was her chap.

habit to feed upon young and beautiful bodies,xxv

because their blood is pure and strong. I haverelated at length, because it was necessary to do

so, this the best-known story of Apollonius ;for

many people are aware of it and know that the

incident occurred in the centre of Hellas ; but theyhave only heard in a general and vague manner that

he once caught and overcame a lamia in Corinth,but they have never learned what she was about, nor

that he did it to save Menippus, but I owe my ownaccount to Damis and to the work which he wrote.

• XXVI

It was at this time also that he had a difference chap.

with Bassus of Corinth ; for the latter was regardedXXVI

as a parricide and believed to be such. But he wit^thf61

feiffned a wisdom of his own, and no bridle could parricide

be set upon his tongue. However, Apollonius puta stop to his reviling himself, both by the letters

which he sent him, and the harangues which he

delivered against him. For everything which hesaid about his being a parricide was held to be

true ;for it was felt that such a man would never

have condescended to mere personal abuse, nor to

have said what was not true.

XXVII

The career of our sage in Olympia was as follows: chap.YYVII

when Apollonius was on his way up to Olympia,* u

409

cap. vlcov Trpeafteis virep ^vvovaias, Aa/ccovc/cov Be ovBev

irepl avrovs ecpalvero, aXX' aftporepov avrcov elôv

teal crv/3dpiBo<; fiearol rjaav. IBcbv Be avBpas Xelovs

ra a/eeXrj, Xarapov^ Ta? teofias teal /jurjBe yeveiois

Xpcofievovs, dXXa teal rrjv ecrOrjra fiaXa/covs,

roiavra 77790? tov$ i(f>6pov<; eTreareiXev, 009 eieeivovs

KTjpvy/jba TTotrjaaadaL BrjfjboaCa, rrjv re irirrav rwv

ftaXaveicov eâipovvras, teal ra? TTapaTiXrplas

igeXavvovras, e? to dpyalov re teadtaTafxeuov^

irdvra, 66ev iraXalarpai re dvrjftrjaav teal airovBai,

teal ra ^nXina eTravrjXOe, teal eyevero rj AateeBal-

/jbcop eavTj) ofiola. puaOwv Be avrovs ra o'tteoi

BiopOovfjLevovs, eire/xêy i7riaroXr]v air ÔXvfnrtas

Ppa^vrepav rf}$ Aa/ecovitcrjs a/cvrdXr)?. eari Be

i]Be'"

'AiroXX(ovlo<; £(f)6poi<; yaipetv.

AvBpodv fiev to fir) d/juapTdveiv, yevvaiwv Be to teal

apbapravovTas alcrOeaOaL."

XXVIII

cap. 'IBodv Be e? to eSo? to ev 'OXv/jLTrla,"%alpe"

elirev,"dyaOe Zed, av yap ovreo ri ayaOos, ©9 teal

(Tavrov teoivayvrjcrai tow av0p(oirois" e^yyâaro

410


some envoys of the Lacedaemonians met him and chap.

asked him to visit their city ; there seemed, how- xxvn

ever, to be no appearance of Sparta about them, for £Styof the

they conducted themselves in a very effeminate Spartans

manner and reeked of luxury. And seeing them to

have smooth legs, and sleek hair, and that they did

not even wear beards, nay were even dressed in

soft raiment, he sent such a letter to the Ephorsthat the latter issued a public proclamation and for-

bade the use of pitch plasters in the baths,1 and

drove out of the city the women who professed to

rejuvenate dandies,2 and they restored the ancient

regime in every respect. The consequence was that

the wrestling grounds were filled once more with

the youth, and the jousts and the common meals

were restored, and Lacedaemon became once morelike herself. And when he learned that they hadset their house in order, he sent them an epistlefrom Olympia, briefer than any cipher despatch of

ancient Sparta ; and it ran as follows :—

"Apollonius to the Ephors sends salutation.

" It is the duty of men not to fall into sin, but of

noble men, to recognise that they are doing so."

XXVIII

And looking at the statue set up at Olympia, chap.

he said :

"Hail, O thou good Zeus, for thou art so

good that thou dost impart thine own nature unto the Sue"mankind." ofMil°

1 Adhesive plasters were used to remove superfluous hair

from the body. Literally

"hair-pluckers."

411

cap. Be /cal tov yaX/covv M-lXcova /cal tov Xoyov rodXXVIII

irepl avrov aj(rjixaTO^. 6 yap M.lXcov evTavai puev

eirl Bla/cov Bo/cel tod iroBectficfyco o~v/ju/3e/3r)/ca)<;, poav

Be ^vveêi Trj apiarepa, r) Beîa Be, opOol rrjs

'Xeiphs €fceiV7]<; oi BclktvXol /cal olov BieipovTes. ol

puev Br) tear ÔXvpuriav re /cal 'Ap/caBlav Xoyoi tov

aOXrjrrjv laropovac tovtov arpeirrov yeveaQai /cal

fir) e/cf3ij3ao~0r)vai irore tov yjapov, ev & earrj,

BrjXovo-OaL Be to pbev airpl% tcov Ba/CTvXcov ev Trj

%VV0XV TVS poa<;, to Be fjbrjB? av Gyiadrjvai ttot

air aXXrjXwv avTOvs, el tl<; Trpbs eva ai/Tcov

apLiXXwTO, tc3 to,? Bia<fiva<$ ev 6p0ol<; to2<;

Ba/CTvXois ev ^vvr)pfioa6ai, Tr)v Taivlav Be, f)v

avaBecTai, acocjipocrvvrjs rjyovvTai %vfi/3oXov. 6 Be

'AttoXXgovio*; ao<j)co<; fiev elirev eTuvevorjadai

TavTa, aocjycoTepa Be elvai tcl aXr)6eaTepa."

co? Be

yiyvcoa/coiTe tov vovv tov MlXojvos, KpoTcoviaTaitov a6Xr)Tr)v tovtov lepea eaTrjaavTO t?)?

f/

Hpa?.

Tr)v fjuev Br) fiLTpav 6 tl xprj voelv, tl av e^yoipurjv

€Ti, fJLvr)fjLovevaa<; lepeoos avBpos ; r) poa Be fiovr)

(j>vT(bv Trj 'Hpa <f)veTaL, 6 Be vtto toIs iroal

Bia/cos, eVl aainBiov /3ej3r)/cax; 6 lepeix; Trjr/Hpa,

evyeTai, tovtI Be /cal r) Be£ia arjfiaivei, to Be

epyov twv Ba/CTvXwv /cal to firjira) Bieo~T(b<; Trj

apyaia ayaXfiaTOiroda Trpoa/ceLo-Oo)."

412


And he also gave them an aceount of the brazen chap.

statue of Milo and explained the attitude of this figure.xxvm

For this Milo is seen standing on a disk with his

two feet close together, and in his left hand he graspsa pomegranate, while of his right hand the fingersare extended and as it were stringing together. Nowamong the people of Olympia and Arcadia the storytold about this athlete is, that he was so inflexible andfirm that he could never be induced to leave the spoton which he stood

;and this is the meaning of the

clenched fingers as he grasps the pomegranate, andof the look as if they could never be separated fromone another, however much you struggled with anyone of them, because the intervals between the

extended fingers are very close;and they say that

the fillet with which his head is bound is a symbol of

temperance and sobriety. Apollonius while admit-

ting that this account was wisely conceived, said that

the truth was still wiser. " In order that you mayknow," said he,

" the meaning of the statue of Milo,the people of Croton made this athlete a priest of

Hera. As to the meaning then of his mitre, I neednot explain it further than by reminding you that

the hero was a priest. But the pomegranate is the

only fruit which is grown in honour of Hera;and the

disk beneath his feet means that the priest is stand-

ing on a small shield to offer his prayer to Hera ;

and this is also indicated by his right hand. As for

the artist's way of rendering the fingers betweenwhich he has left no interval, that you may ascribe

to the antique style of the sculpture."

413

XXIX

cap. Uaparvy^dvcov Be to?9 Bpco/jievois direBe^ero

tcov 'HXeiW, 009 eTrefiekovvTo re avrcov /cal £vv

koct/jlo) eBpcov, fielov re 01/Bev r) ol dywviov^ievoL rwv

a0\r)T<0V /cplveaBai oyovro, /cal firjO

1

e/covres ti /jltjt

axovTCS dfiaprdveiv irpovvoovvTO. epopAvwv ft

avrbv twv eralpcov, rlvas 'H\etoi>9 irepl ttjv

BidOeaiv rSiV 'OXv/jlttIcov r)yoiro,"

el fxev <ro(f)ov<;"

e<j>rj y

"ov/c olBa, Goulards /juevroi"

XXX

cap.f

fl9 Be /cal Bie/3e/3\r)T0 irpbs tovs olofievov<;

i;vyypd(f)€iv, /cal dp,a6el^ rjyetro tovs dTTTOfievow;

\6yov /jl€l£ovo<;, budpyei fiaOelv e/c rcovBe' fieipd/cwv

yap Bo/C7jorlao(f)ov ivTV%bv avrq) irepl to lepbv,"

<rv/ji7rpo@v/jLr)07]TL fioi" e(f)r],

"avpiov, dvayvco-

aopbai yap ri" rod Be''

AiroXkcoviov epo/jievov, 6

Ti dvayvcoaoiTO, "\6yos" elite,"fvvrera/cral fioi e'9

rbv Ala." /cal d/jua virb tg3 Ifxarlw eTreBel/cvv avrbv

aejivvvo/jLevos rfj TrayyT^Ti rod fii/^Xlov. **ni ovv"

e<j)7),

"eiraivecrrj rod Aios ; rj rbv Ala rbv evravda

/cal to firjBev elvat rwv iv rfj yfj ofioiov ;

" "/cal

414


XXIX

He was present at the rites, and he commended chap.

the solicitude with which the people of Elis ad- XXIX

ministered them, and the good order with which COmmends

they conducted them, as if they considered them- Elis

selves to be as much on trial as the athletes whowere contending for the prizes, anxious neither will-

ingly nor unwillingly to commit any error. Andwhen his companions asked him what he thought of

the Eleans in respect of their management of the

Olympic games, he replied :" Whether they are

wise, I do not know, but of their cleverness I am

quite sure."

XXX

How great a dislike he entertained of people chap.

who imagine they can write, and how senseless he xxx

considered those to be who essay a literary task J^ry**

beyond their powers, we can learn from the following puppy

incident : A young man who thought he had talent

met him in the precincts of the temple and said :

"Pray honour me with your presence to-morrow,

for I am going to recite something." WhenApollonius asked him what he was going to recite,

he replied :"

I have composed a treatise upon Zeus."

And as he said these words he showed, with no

little pride at its stoutness, a book which he was

carrying under his garment. "And," said Apol-lonius,

" what are you going to praise about Zeus ?

Is it the Zeus of this fane, and are you going to saythat there is nothing like him on the whole earth ?

"

415

cap. tovto [MevT £<]>V>" noWa Be irpb tovtov /cal eirl

tovt<p erepa, /cal yap at ospcu /cal ra ev tj) yfj /cal

tcl virep Tr]V yfjv /cal dvepbovs elvai /cal acrrpa Aio9

irdvTa." 6 Be 'AiroWcovios,"

Bo/cet<; /jloi" elirev,

"iry/cco/jLiacTTi/cos T£9 elvai afyoBpa."

"Bia tovto,"

ecpr),"

/cal iroBdypas ey/ccopiiov t* jjlol %vvT€Ta/CTai

/cal tov TV(f)\6v Tiva 7) /co)(j)bv elvai."" dXXa

puriBe tovs vBepovs" elire,"

p,rjBe toj)? /caTappovs

iVKo/ciqpvTTe T7J<i eavTOv o~o(f)La<;,el {3ov\oio eiraivelv

tcl TOiavTa, /3e\Ticov Be ear) /cal tol<; diroOvr]-

gkovgiv eirojJLevos /cal Bucbv eiraivovs to)V vogt]-

/jbaTCdv, vtf wv direOavov, tJttov yap eir at/Tots

avidaovTai iraTepes Te /cal iratBes ical ol dyyov twz^

dirodavovTcov." /ce^aXivcopLevov Be IBcov to fieLpd/ctov

virb tov Xoyov,"6 ey/C(o/jLid£a)v" elirev,

"co £vy-

ypacpev, iroTepov a olBev eiraiveaeTat dpueivov rj

a ov/c oioev; a oioev, ecprj, ttw? yap av T£?

eiraivoi, a ov/c olBe ;

" " tov iraTepa ovv jj&t] iroTe

tov cravTOv eirrjveaa^ ;

" "iftovXTJOrjv," elirev

" a\V eirel pueyas tl fioi Bo/cei /cal yevvaios

dvdpcoircov Te tov olBa /cdXXiaTOs, ol/cov Te l/cavbs

ol/crjaai /cal aocfria e? irdvTa yjpqcrOai, irapfj/ca tov

€? avTov eiraivov, a>? p,?) alo-yyv'oi/jli tov iraTepa

Xoyus tJttovi." Bwyepdvas ovv 6 'AiroXXcovios,

tovtI Be irpbs tou? <f>opTi/cov<; twv dvOpa)ir(ov

416


(f Why that, of course," said the other,

" and a great chap.deal more that comes before that and also follows it.

xxx

For I shall say how the seasons and how everythingon earth and above the earth, and how the windsand all the stars belong to Zeus." And Apolloniussaid :

" It seems to me that you are a past-master of

encomium." "Yes/' said the other,

" and that is

why I have composed an encomium of gout and of

blindness and deafness." " And why not of dropsytoo," said Apollonius ;

" for surely you won't rule

out influenza from the sphere of your cleverness,since you are minded to praise such things ? Andwhile you are about it, you would do as well to

attend funerals and detail the praises of the various

diseases of which the people died;for so you will

somewhat soothe the regrets of the fathers andchildren and the near relations of the deceased."And as he saw that the effect of his words was to puta bridle on the young man's tongue, he added :

" Mydear author, which is the author of a panegyric

likely best to praise, things which he knows or

things which he does not?" "Things which he

knows," said the youth." For how can a man praise

things which he does not know ?" "\ conclude then

that you have already written a panegyric of yourown father ?

" "I wanted to," said the other,

" but as he appears to me rather a big man and a

noble one, and the fairest of men I know, anda very clever housekeeper, and a paragon of wisdomall round, I gave up the attempt to compose a

panegyric upon him, lest I should disgrace my father

by a discourse which would not do him justice."

Thereupon Apollonius was incensed, as he often was

against trivial and vulgar people."Then," said he,

417

VOL. I. E E

cap. eiraaêv," elra"

e(pr),M w /cdOap/xa, rbv fiev

irarepa tov aeavTov, bv lo~a /cal aeavTov

yiyvooa/ceis, ovk dp otec hot av iKavoos eiraiveo-ai,

tov 8 avOpayjrctiv /cal Oeoov irajepa /cal Srj/Movpybvtoov okoov, oaa irepl rjjjuds /cal virep r)/j,a<; eGTiv,

evKoXooq ovtoo? eyKoopudôov ov9\ bv iiraivels,

SeSias, ovre £vvLr)$ 69 \6yov /caBicTTa/Aavo? peiôva

dvOpooirov ;

"

XXXI

xxxi ^ ^ ^v *0\vyit7r/a 8ia\e!;ei<; too 'AttoWoovlw

irepl tcov ^pyo-L/LLooTaToov eylyvovTO, irepl aocpias re

/cal dvBpela*; /cal aoocppoavvr)^ /cal Ka6dira%, biroaai

dperai elai, irepl tovtoov dirb t% KprjiriSos tov

veto SieXeyeTO, irdvTas eKirXrjTToov ov rafc 8iavoLai<z

fxovov, aXka /cal rat? I8eais tov Xoyov, irepi-

GTavTes Se avTov ol AaKeSaifioviOL, tjevov re irapd

Top Ail iirocovvTO /cal toov oXkoi veoov iraTepa fiiov

Te vojjLodeTrjv /cal yepbvToov yepas. epopuevov Be

KopLvOlov twos /caTCL d^drjBova, el /cal 6eo<\>dvia

aVToo aôvcrt,,"val too %t,do" ecpr],

"eTOi/id ye." 6

Be'

AttoWoovlos dirtfyayev avTovs toov tolovtoov,

a>9 pr) (f>0ovoiTO, eirel Be virepftds to TavyeTovelBev evepybv Aa/ce&ai/juova /cal tcl tov Av/covpyov

TraTpia ev irpaTTOVTa, ovk drjBes evofiiae to /cal

418

"you wretch, you are not sure that you can ever chap.

sufficiently praise your own father whom you know xxx

as well as you do yourself, and yet you set out in

this light-hearted fashion to write an encomiumof the father of men and of gods and of the creator

of everything around us and above us;and you have

no reverence for him wJiom you praise, hor have youthe least idea that you are embarking on a subjectwhich transcends the power of man."

XXXI

The conversations which Apollonius held in chap.

Olympia turned upon the most profitable topics,XXX1

such as wisdom and courage and temperance, and in invited to

a word upon all the virtues. He discussed these Sparta

from the platform of the temple, and he astonished

everyone not only by the insight he showed but byhis forms of expression. And the Lacedaemoniansflocked round him and invited him to share the

hospitality of their shrine of Zeus, and made himfather of their youths at home, and legislator of

their lives and the honour of their oldjnen. Now ***«k*<-5»

there was a Corinthian who felt piqued at all this, ^^and asked whether they were also going to celebrate

a theophany for him. "Yes," said the other,

"by Castor and Pollux, everything is ready anyhow."But Apollonius did not encourage them to pay himsuch honours, for he feared they would arouse envy.And when having crossed the mountain Taygetus,he saw a Lacedaemon hard at work before him andall the institutions of Lycurgus in full swing, hefelt that it would be a real pleasure to converse with

419

cap. rot? reXeat rcov AatceBatp,ovicov %vyyeveo~Oai irepl

oyv epcorav ej3ovXovro' rfpovro ovv dcpL/cofievov, irw<$

Oeol OepairevTeoi, 6 Be elirev,"

go? BeoriroTai."

irdXiv rjpovro, 7rw? rjpcoes'"

go? irarepes" rpirov

Be epofievcov, irco? Be dvOpcoiroc," ov Aa/ccovi/cov,"

€<j)7),

" to epcoTTj/jLa." rjpovro Koi 6 ri rjyoiro rovs

Trap' clvtoIs vofiovs, 6 Be elirev,"apiarov^ BlBcl-

(TKakovs, oi BiBdcr/caXot Be evBo/cip.rjcrovo'iv, rjv ol

fiaOrjral firj paOvfiaxriv" epopuevcov B* avrcbv, t£

irepl avBpelas ^v/xftovXevot,," Kal t£;" ecfrr),

"rrj

dvBpeia ^prjaeadai.^

XXXII

xx^fii ^Tv<yxav€ &£ irepl tov xpovov tovtov veavia?

Aa/ceBcujJLovLos alriav e%ai> Trap1

avroh, &>9 aBi/ccov

Trepl ra ijOy KaXXiKpariBa puev yap tov irepl 'Ap-

yivovaas vavap^rjcravro^ rjv e/cyovos, vavfcXrjpla?

Be rjpa teal ov upoaelye Tot? /coivols, dXX* e?

KapxyBova e^eirXei zeal %uceXiav vav$ ireiroa^-

jjuevos. cucovo-a<$ ovv KpiveeOai avrbv eirl rovrcp,

Beivov wrjdrj irepuBelv tov veaviav vira^Oevra e?

Bl/crjv, Kai," m XaycrTe," ecj)7],

"tl irecppovri/cws irepiei

/cat, /xeo"T09 evvolas;""dyciov" elirev,

"eirrjyyeXTal

420


the authorities of the Lacedaemonians about things chap.

which they might ask his opinion upon ; so theyXXXI

asked him when he arrived, how the gods are to

be revered, and he answered :" As your lords

and masters." Secondly they asked him :" And

how the heroes?" "As fathers/' he replied. Andtheir third question was :

" How are men to berevered ?

" And he answered :

" Your question is

not one which any Spartan should put." Theyasked him also what he thought of their laws, andhe replied that they were most excellent teachers,

adding that teachers will gain fame in proportion as

their disciples are industrious. And when theyasked him what advice he had to giye them about

courage, he answered :

" Why what else, but that

you should display it ?"

XXXII

And about this time it happened that a certain chap.

youth of Lacedaemon was charged by his fellow «te a

citizens with violating the customs of his country, youthful

For though he was descended from Callicratidas who §^55*led the navy at the battle of Arginusae, yet he was seafaring

devoted to seafaring and paid no attention to publicaffairs

; but, instead of doing so, would sail off to

Carthage and Sicily in the ships which he had hadbuilt. Apollonius then hearing that he was arraignedfor this conduct, thought it a pity to desert the

youth who had thus fallen under the hand of justice,and said to him :

" My excellent fellow, why do yougo about so full of anxiety and with such a gloomyair ?

" " A public prosecution," said the other, "has

421

cap. /jlol Srj/jboacos, iireiBr) TTpbs vav/cXr/plats eifil /cal rd

/coiva ov TrpdTTG)""irarrjp Be aoi vav/cXrjpos

eyevero r) TraTTTro*;;""

airaye," elire,"yv\xvacri-

apXoi re /cal €(f>opoi /cal irarpovofioL Trdvres>

KaXXi/cparlBas Be 6 irpoyovos /cal ra>v vavap^V-cdvrcov iyevero."

"ficov" ecprj,

" rbv ev''

Kpyivov-

o-at? Xeyeis""efcetvov" elire,

" rbv ev rjj vavapyia,arrodavbvra." "

elr ov BieftaXe gov" elire,"

rrjv

OdXarrav r) reXevrrf rov irpoybvov ;""

fid At',"

elivev, "ov yap vav/jLa^acov ye TrXeco" " dXX y

efiirb-

pcov re /cal vav/cXrjpcov /ca/coBaifiovearepov n epels

eOvos; Trpcorov fiev rrepivoarovGi, ^rjrovcnv dyopav/ca/cw<; Trpdrrovaav, elra rrpo^evois /cal /caTrrjXois

dvapLi'xdevres ircoXoval re /cal 7rcoXovvrai, /cal ro/cois

dvoGiois rd<; avrcov /cecpaXd? inroriQevres 69 to ctp-

yalov arrevBovai, /cav fiev ev rrpdrrwaiv, evrrXoel

r) vavs, /cal iroXvv rroiovvrai Xoyov rov fir/re e/covre<;

dvarpeyjrai /itjre d/covres, el Be r) e/nropta irpbs rd

%/oea M dva(j>epoiro, fiera/3dvre<; e? rd e<f)6X/cia

ivpOGaparrova1 rd<$ vavs, /cal rbv erepcov vavrai

ftlov Oeov dvdy/CT)v elirovres dOecorara /cal ovoe

a/covres avrol d(f>eiXovro. el Be /cal firj roiovrov

rjv rb OaXarrovpyov re /cal vavri/cbv eOvos, dXXa

to ye ^Trapridrrjv ovra /cal irarepwv yeyovora, 0$

fiear/v irore rrjv Sirdprr/v S/crjo-av, ev kolXtj vrjl

KelaOai XrjOrjv fiev la^pvra Av/covpyov re /cal

'l(j>lrov, <f)6prov Be fivrjfiova /cal vavriKr)^ d/cpifio-

423


been instituted against me, because I go in for sea- chap.

faring and take no part in public affairs." "And was Xxxn

your father or your grandfather a mariner?" " Ofcourse not/' said the other ;

"they were all of them

chiefs of the gymnasium and Ephors and public

guardians ; Callicratidas, however, my ancestor, was a

captain of the fleet." "I suppose," said Apollonius,

"you mean him of Arginusae fame?" C(Yes, that

fell in the naval action leading his fleet." "Then,"

said Apollonius,"your ancestor's mode of death has

not given you any prejudice against a seafaring life ?"

"No, by Zeus," said the other,

" for it is not with a

view to conducting battles by sea that I set sail.""Well, and can you mention any rabble of people

more wretched and ill-starred than merchants and

skippers ? In the first place they roam from sea to

sea, looking for some market that is badly stocked ;

and then they sell and buy, associating with factors

and brokers, and they put out their own capital at

the most unholy rate of interest in their hurry to getback the principal ;

and if they do well, their ship has a

lucky voyage,and they tell you a long story of how theynever wrecked it either willingly or unwillingly ;

but if

their gains do not balance their debts, they jump into

their long boats and dash their ships on to the rocks,and make no bones as sailors of robbing others of

their substance, pretending in the most blasphemousmanner that it is an act of God. And even if the sea-

faring crowd who go on voyages be not so bad as I

make them out to be; yet is there any shame worse

than this, for a man who is a citizen of Sparta andthe child of forbears who of old lived in the heart

of Sparta, to secrete himself in the hold of a ship,

oblivious of Lycurgus and of Iphitus, thinking of

4 2 3

cap. Xoyias, tlvos al(T%vvr)<z aTreariv; el yap /cal firjSevXXXII vA> \ «v*/ >v»£>/i ~ /i

aXXo, rrjv yovv Xirapryv avrrjv eoet evuvjjbeiauai,

ax;, oiTore jjuev t^? yrjq elyeio, ovpavo/JLtj/cr) Boâaav,iirel Be OaXdrrr)*; iireOv/jLTjae, fivOiadelcrdv re /cal

dcpaviaOetcrav ov/c iv rfj OaXdrrr) puovov, dXXa /cal

iv rf} <yf)." tovtok; rbv veaviav ovrco ri iêtpco-(raro to?9 Xoyois, o>9 vevaavra avrbv is rrjv yr)v

icXaieiv, iirel roaovrov rj/covaev diroXeXelÔai rwv

irarepoov, diroBoaOai re ras vavs, ev als e^r).

/caOearcora Be avrbv IBwv 6'

AttoXXoovw*; /cal rrjv

yr)v a(T7ra%6/J,€VOV, /carrjyaye irapa roix; icfropovs /cal

rrapyrrjaaro ri}<; Bl/ctj^.

XXXIIICAP.

xxxiii K_d/ceivo rebv iv Aa/ceBaipiovr iino-roXr) i/c jSa-

crCXecds Aa/ceBai/JLOVLOis rj/cev iTTLirXrj^cv 69 to kolvov

avroiv (pepovaa, 0)9 vrrep rrjv iXevOeplav vftpi^bv-

tcov, i/c BiafioXcov Be rod rrj<;

(

E*XXdBo<; apôvro^

irrearaXro avroiv ravra. ol puev Br) Aa/ceBaip,6vioi

diropla elxovTO, /cal r) %7rdprr) 777309 eavrrjv rjpiêv,

elre %pr) irapairovpAvov^ rr)v opyrjv rod ftaaiXeax;

elre virepcppovovvras iiriareXXeiv irpbs ravra

%vp,/3ov\ov iiroiovvTO rbv'

AttoXXcoviov rov t)}9

iinaToXr)^ rjdovs, 6 Be, &>9 elBe Biearrf/coras,

TraprjXOe re 69 to koivov avrwv /cal ojBc i/3pa%v-

. 424


nought but of cargoes and petty bills of lading ? For chap.if he thinks of nothing else, he might at least bear in

xxxn

mind that Sparta herself, so long as she stuck to the

land, enjoyed a fame reaching to heaven; but when

she began to covet the sea, she sank down and down,and was blotted out at last, not only on the sea buton the land as well." The young man was so over-

come by these arguments, that he bowed his head to

the earth and wept, because he heard he was so

degenerate from his fathers;and he sold the ships by

which he lived. And when Apollonius saw that hewas restored to his senses and inclined to embrace a

career on land, he led him before the Ephors andobtained his acquittal.

XXXIII

Here is another incident that happened in Lace- chap.

daemon. A letter came from the Emperor heapingxxxm

reproaches upon the public assembly of the Lace-spai-ta how

daemonians, and declaring that in their licence theyto™swer

abused liberty, and this letter had been addressed to

them at the instance of the governor of Greece, whohad maligned them. The Lacedaemonians then wereat a loss what to do, and Sparta was divided againstherself over the issue, whether in their reply to the

letter they should try to appease the Emperor'swrath or take a lofty tone towards him. Underthe circumstances they sought the counsel of Apol-lonius and asked him how to pitch the tone of their

letter. And he, when he saw them to be divided onthe point, came forward in their public assembly and

delivered himself of the following short and concise

425

cap. Xoyrjae'tf

TlaXapLrjBrjs evpe ypdpbpbara ov% virep

rov ypd<f)eiv puovov, dXXa /cal virep rod yiyvoocr/ceLV

a Bel/jLtj ypdfyeivT ovrco p,ev Br) Aa/ceBaipLovlovs

ciirfjye rov pLrjre Opacreh firjre Bei\ov<? 6(pdr)vat-.

XXXIV

cap.AiarpLyfra^ 8° ev rfj %7rdpTy fiera rr)v ÔXvpiriav

%povov, ft>? ereXevra 6 êtp^cov, eirl MaXeav rfkOev

dpôfievov r)po<$, &)? 69 rrjv 'Vcopurjv dcjyrjcrcDV, Biavoov-

pbevcp o° clvtG) ravra eyevero ovap TOibvBe* iBo/cet

yvval/ca ixeyiaTrjv re /cal Trpeo-jSvrdrrjv TrepLftdXXeiv

avrbv /cal BelaOai ol %vyyeveo~6ai, irplv es 'IraXov?

TrXevaai, Aib$ Be elvai r) rpocpbs eXeye, /cal rjv avrfj

(TT€(f)avo<; irdvT e^cov ra e/c yrjs /cal OaXdrTrjs.

Xoyio-puov Be avT<p BoBovs t% oêax; %vvr}/cev, ore

irXevaTea etr] e? Kprjrrjv irporepov, r)v rpo<pbv

7)yovfJbe6a rov Ato?, eireiBr) ev ravry epLaievOrj, 6 Be

aT€(j)avo<; /cal dXXrjv Laws BrjXcoaai vrjaov. ovcrwv

Be ev yiaXea vecov irXetovcov, a'i e? KprjTrjv dcfrrjo-eiv

e/xeXXov, eve/By vavv diro^pwaav to3 koivw' /coivbv

Be i/cdXet rov? re eraipow; /cal tovs twv eraipwv

BovXovs, ovBe yap i/ceivovs irapecopa. TrpoairXevaa^Be K.vB(ovta, /cal irapairXevaa^ e? Kvcoaaov, rov pev

AaftvptvOov, 09 e/cel Bei/cwrai, ^vvelê Be, olpai,

Trore rov Mivcoravpov, flovXopLevcov IBelv tcov erai-

p(DV, e/ceivQLS p,ev ^vve^copec tovto, avrbs Be ov/c av

426


speech :" Palamedes discovered writing not only in chap.

order that people might write, but also in order that x*xni

they might know what they must not write." In this

way accordingly he dissuaded the Lacedaemoniansfrom showing themselves to be either too bold or

cowardly.

XXXIV

He stayed in Sparta for some time after the chap.

Olympic festival, until the winter was over;and at xxxiv

the beginning of spring proceeded to Malea with the £ ™JJ7led

intention of setting out for Rome. But while he wa*s visit Crete

still pondering this project, he had the followingdream : It seemed as if a woman both very tall andvenerable in years embraced him, and asked him to

visit her before he set sail for Italy ; and she said

that she was the nurse of Zeus, and she wore a

wreath that held everything that is on the earth or

in the sea. He proceeded to ponder the meaning of

the vision, and came to the conclusion that he oughtfirst to sail to Crete, which we regard as the nurse of

Zeus, because in that island Zeus was born ; althoughthe wreath might perhaps indicate some other

island. Now there were several ships at Malea,

making ready to set sail to Crete, so he embarked

upon one sufficient for his association, to which he

gave the title of his companions, and also his com-

panions' servants, for he did not think it right to

pass over the latter. And he bent his course for

Cydonia, and sailed past that place to Knossus,where a labyrinth is shown, which, I believe, once on

a time, contained the Minotaur. As his companionswere anxious to see this he allowed them to do so,

427

cap.€(j)7j

6earr]s yeveaOai rrjs dBi/clas rod Mlvco. rrporjet

Be eirl Toprvvav irodco 7-779 "IBrjs. dveXdoov ovv /cal

rots OeoXoyovpuevots evrv^cov, erropevdr) /cal 69 to

lepov rb Aeftrjvalov eari Be 'Aa/cXrjTuov, /cal cocnrep

r) 'Ao~ia 69 rb Yiepyapiov, ovrcos 69 to lepov rovro

%vve<f)Oira 7) Kprjrrj, ttoXXoI Be /cal Aifivcov is avrb

rrepaiovvrar /cal yap rerpairrai irpbs to Acftv/cbv

rreXayos Kara yovv rrjv Qaiarov, evOa rrjv ttoXXtjv

aveipyei OdXarrav 6 pa/cpos XiOos. Ae/SyvacovBe to lepov wvofjiacrOai (paalv, eVetS?) d/cpcorrjpLOv

ef avrov /cararelvec Xeovn el/caorpbevov, ola noXXaal ^vvrvyiai rcov rrerpwv aTrofyaLvovai, pbvOov re

eVl to3 a/cpG)T7)pia) aBovaiv, 009 Xecov els ovros

yevoiro rcov viro^vylcov rrore rfj 'Pea. evravda

BiaXeyopuevov rrore rod 'AttoXXcovlov irepl fieo-rjp-

fipiav, BceXeyero Be 7roXXols dvBpdatv, vcf)'&v to

lepov eOepaireveTOy aeio-pubs ddpocos rrj Kprjrrj

TrpoaeftaXe, ftpovrr) Be ov/c e/c vecpwv, aXX' e/c rrjs

77)9 virrj^aev, r) OdXarra Be virev6o~rr]o~e ardBia

laws eirrd. /cal ol puev iroXXol eBeiaav, pur) to

rreXayos vrro^wprjaav erTiairdar\rai to lepov /cal

direvexOooaiv, 6 Be 'AttoXXcovios,"Qapaelre" e<pr),

"r) yap OdXarra yrjv ere/ce." /cal ol puev wovro

avrov rrjv opuovouav royv aroi^eioyv Xeyecv, /cal onpurjBev av 7)

OdXarra vecorepov e'9 rr)v yr)v epydaatro,

puerd Be r)puepas oXiyas d$i/cbp,evoi rives e/c rrjs

KvBcovidriBos rjyyeiXav, ore /card rr)v r)piepav re

/cal pL€o-r)p,/3pLav, r)v eyevero r) BioarjpLia, vr)aos e/c

rrjs OaXdrrrjs dveBoOy irepl rbv iropOpbbv rbv

428


but refused himself to be a spectator of the injustice chap.

of Minos, and continued his course to Gortyna becausexxx,v

he longed to* visit Ida. He accordingly climbed

up, and after visiting the sacred sites he passedon to the shrine of Leben. And this is a shrine of Earthquake

Asclepius, and just as the whole of Asia flocks to Jjr£e of

Pergamum, so the whole of Crete flocked to this Leben

shrine;and many Libyans also cross the sea to visit

it, for it faces towards the Libyan sea close to

Phaestus, where the little rock keeps out a mightysea. And they say that this shrine is named that of

Leben, because a promontory juts out from it whichresembles a lion, for here, as often, a chance arrange-ment of the rocks suggests an animal form ; and theytell a story about this promontory, how it was onceone of the lions which were yoked in the chariot of

Rhea. Here Apollonius was haranguing on oneoccasion about midday, and was addressing quite a

number of people who were worshipping at the

shrine, when an earthquake shook the whole of

Crete at once, and a roar of thunder was heard to

issue not from the clouds but from the earth, and the

sea receded about seven stadia. And most of themwere afraid that the sea by receding in this waywould drag the temple after it, so that they would

be carried away. But Apollonius said :" Be of good

courage, for the earth hath borne land and broughtit forth." And they thought that he was alludingto the harmony of the elements, and was arguingthat the sea would never wreak its violence upon the

land; but after a few days some travellers arrived

from Cydoniatis and announced that on the very dayon which this portent occurred and just at the samehour of midday, an island rose out of the sea in the

429

cap. htappeovra %r)pav re /cal Kptfrrjv. edaavres ovv

Xoycov fMrjKos eXOcopuev /cal eirl ra? ev 'Pco/jLtj

G7rov8d<;, at eyevovro avroj puera tcl ev KprjTr).

XXXV

xxxv Nepcov ov ^vve^pei (f)iXocrocj)eiv, dXXa irepiep-

yov avrcp x?^\iLa 0l fyiXoaofyovvTes efyaivovro /cal

pLavri/crjv av<JKLd%ovT6<;, /cal rfX^V ^ore 6 Tpiftcov

€? Bi/caartfpiov, a>9 fjLavTi/crjs a^ff/Aa. cm rovs

aXXovs, dXXa Movacovios 6 Ba/3iAaWo?, dvr/p

'AttoXXcdvlov (jlovov Bevrepos, eBeOrj iirl aocpia /cal

e/ce? fjuevwv e/civBvvevaev, direOave £' av to itrl tgo

BrjaavTi, el p,r) a<p6Bpa eppcoro.

XXXVI

cap. 'Ei> TOiavTri /caraardaet (piXoaocpuas ovo~r)<; erv%e

TTpoacoDV jfj 'IPay/jLy,ardBia Be et/coat /cal e/carbv

dire-xoov everv^e QiXoXdw tw Kirriel irepl rb

vepuos to ev rfj 'Api/cla. rjv he 6 <£>iXoXao<; rrjv

p,ev yXwrrav gvy/ceipuevos, p,a\a/c(orepo<; Be /cap-

reprjcral re. ovtos dvaXvcov dirb t% 'PoS/a??? avro<;

re eoj/cei (pevyovn, /cal ortp evrv%oi (friXoaocpovvTi

irape/ceXevero to avrb Trpdrreiv. ttpocrenroov ovv

rov 'AttoXXcovlov e/ceXevev e/carrjvac tc3 /catpS,

purjBe eTn<j)oiTav rfj 'Pco/jltj BiaftefiXyfievov rov

43°


firth between Thera and Crete. However, I must chap,

give up all prolixity and hurry on to relate theXXXIV

conversations which he held in Rome, subsequentlyto his stay in Crete.

XXXV

Nero was opposed to philosophy, because he chap.

suspected its devotees of being addicted to magic,and of being diviners in disguise ;

and at last the imprisons

philosopher's mantle brought its wearers before the Musonius

law courts, as if it were a mere cloak of the diviningart. 1 will not mention other names, but Musoniusof Babylon, a man only second to Apollonius, wasthrown into prison for the crime of being a sage, andthere lay in danger of death ; and he would havedied for all his gaoler cared, if it had not been for

the strength of his constitution.

XXXVI

Such was the condition in which philosophy stood chap.

when Apollonius was approaching Rome;and at a

distance of one hundred and twenty stadia from its warns him

walls he met Philolaus of Cittium in the neighbour- ^ringhood of the Grove of Aricia. Now Philolaus was a Rome

polished speaker, but too soft to bear any hardships.He had quitted Rome, and was virtually a fugitive,and any philosopher he met with he urged to take

the same course. He accordingly addressed himself

to Apollonius, and urged him to give way to circum-

stances, and not to proceed to Rome, where

philosophy was in such bad odour ; and he related

43*

Cap.(fuXoaodjeiv, /cal Biriyelro rd e/cei TTparTopêva Oapd

€7Tl(7rp€(j)6/jL€VO<;, /jLT) eiTa/CpOfpTO TJ9 aVTOV KCLTOTUV.

"ax) Be /cal %opbv îXoaocjxov avayjrd/JLevos," elire,

"/3aBl£ec<; $6ovov pLeaTos, ovk elBco? toi>? eircTeray-

lievovs rats ttvXcu? vtto Nepcovos, ot ^vXXrjyjrovrai,

o~e re /cal tovtovs, irplv eo~o) yeveadai""

tl £',"

6LTT6V,"

a) <£>i\6\ae, rbv avrofcpdropa cnrovBdêLV

(fracnv ;

' "r)VLO')(el," e(f>7),

"Brjp,oala /cal aBet, irapLwv

69 tcl 'Vcopbalcov dearpa kol puerd twv piovo-

paôvvrcov %f)> p*ovopLayel Be. /cal avrbs /cal

a7rocr(l)aTT€t," v7ro\a/3cbv ovv 6 'AttoWgovios,"etTa," €<f)7),

" & j3e\TMTT€, puelôv tlr)yfj Oeapua

avBpciat, TreiTaiBevpLevoLS i) ftacriXea IBelv da^Tjpuo-

vovvra ; Oeov puev yap iraiyvLov dvOpwnos"

elire

" /card rrjv TiXdrwvos Boâv, jSacriXevs Be dvOpco-

ttov iraiyviov yLyvopuevos /cal yapiC) bp,evo<$ to£?

6%\ol<; ttjv eavrov aiayvyrpt, riva<; ovk dv irapdaôi

\6yov$ to?9 (pikoaocfrovai, ;

" "vrj At'/' elirev 6

(J^XoXao?,"eiye puerd tov d/civBvvov ylyvoiro, el Be

dwoXoLO dva^dels /cal Nepcav ore oupubv (pdyoi pur/Bev

IBovra wv irpdrTei, eirl 7roXX&> earat o~ol to

evTvyelv avrcp /cal eirl ttXclovl i) tc3 'OBvadel

iyevero, Snore irapd tov Kvfc\a)7ra r)X6ev, dirdi-

Xeae yap ttoXXov? twv eraipwv iroOrjaa^ IBelv

avTov /cal r)TTr)6el<$ droirov /cal oDpuov Oedparos"6 Be 'AttoXXoWo?,

"olei yap? e<f>r),

" tovtov t)ttov

432


to him what was taking place there, and as he did chap.

so he kept turning his head round, lest anybodyXXXVI

should be listening behind him to what he said.

"And you/' he said," after attaching this band of

philosophers to yourself, a thing which will bring

you into suspicion and odium, are on your waythither, knowing nothing of the officers set over the

gates by Nero, who will arrest you and them before

ever you enter or get inside." "And what," said

Apollonius," O Philolaus, are the occupations of the

autocrat said to be ?" " He drives a chariot," said

the other," in public ;

and he comes forward on the

boards of the Roman theatres and sings songs, andhe lives with gladiators, and he himself fights as oneand slays his man." Apollonius therefore repliedand said :

"Then, my dear fellow, do you think

that there can be any better spectacle for men of

education than to see an emperor thus demeaninghimself ? For if in Plato's opinion man is the

sport of the gods, what a theme we have here

provided for philosophers by an emperor who makeshimself the sport of man and sets himself to

delight the common herd with the spectacle of his

own shame?" "Yes, by Zeus," said Philolaus,"

if

you could do it with impunity ;but if you are going

to lose your life by going thither, and if Nero is

going to devour you alive before you see anything of

what he does, your interview with him will cost youdear, much dearer than it ever cost Ulysses to visit

the Cyclops in his home ; though he lost many of his

comrades in his anxiety to see him, and because he

yielded to the temptation of beholding so cruel a

monster." But Apollonius said :" So you think

that this ruler is less blinded than the Cyclops, if he

433

VOL. I. F F

FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS-

cap. e/crerv(f>X(oadai rod Ku/cXo>7ro9, el roiavra epyd-

%€Tai ;

"/cal 6 QiXoXaos "

TTparreTO) fiev" elirev," 6 to f3ov\eTai, ai) Be d\Xd tovtovs o-w£e."

XXXVII

cap.<&covr} Be ravra fie'iôvi eXeye /cal ew/cei /cXaovri.

ivravOa Vetera? o Aa/U9 Trepl roi$ veoi<;, fir) yeipovs

avToyv yevoivro viro rrj<; tov <&t\oXdov Trroias,

diroXaftoov tov 'AttoXXcdviop," dTroXel"

ecprj, "toi>9

veovs 6 Xayoos ovtos rpoficov /cal dQvpLas dvairifji-

7rXa9 Travra." 6 Be ÂttoXXcdvlos,"

/cal firjv

ttoXXwv"€<f)rj,

"dyaOtbv ovtcov, a /jltjB' evâpuevw

fioc TroXXd/cis TTapa roiv 6eG)v yeyove, fxeytaTov av

eyoyye (palrjv diroXeXavicevai to vvvl tovto, irapa-

TreTTrco/ce yap ftdo-avos tcov vecov,r) o~cj)6Bpa eXeygec

tov9 (j>iXoo-o<j)ovvTa<; re avTcov /cal Toi>$ erepov ri

fiaXXov r) tovto TTpdrTovras" /cal rjXeyy6r}o-av

avTi/ca olfir) eppcofievoi o~<f)cov,

viro yap rcov tov

<£>t\oXdov Xoycov diraÔevTe^ ol fiev etyaaav voaelv,

ol 8' ov/c elvai avrols ecjioBca, ol Be twv ot/coc epav,

ol Be vtto oveLpdrcov i/CTre7rXr}'%6ai,, /cal 7repir)X6ev

69 6/cra) ofiiXrjras 6'

AttoXXcdvlos i/c rerrdpeov /cal

Tpid/covra, ot ^vvecpotTcov avrcp 69 Tr)v 'Voofir^v. ol

S' aXXoi Nepcovd re /cal <f)LXoao(j)iav diroBpdvre^

$vyr) wôvto.

434

LIFK OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV

commits such crimes?" And Philolaus answered: chap." Let him do what he likes, but do you at least save xxxvl

these your companions."

XXXVII

And these words he uttered in a loud voice and chap.

with an air of weeping ; whereupon Damis conceivedxxxvn

a fear lest the younger men of his party should be followers1S

unmanned by the craven terrors of Philolaus. So he J?"™"5

•

took aside Apollonius and said :

" This hare, with all in fear

his panicky fears, will ruin these young men, and fill

them with discouragement." But Apollonius said :

"Well, of all the blessings which have been

vouchsafed to me by the gods, often without mypraying for them at all, this present one, I may say,is the greatest that I have ever enjoyed ;

for chancehas thrown in my way a touchstone to test these

young men, of a kind to prove most thoroughlywhich of them are philosophers, and which of them

prefer some other line of conduct than that of the

philosopher." And in fact the knock-kneed amongthem were detected in no time, for under the

influence of what Philolaus said, some of themdeclared that they were ill, others that they had no

provisions for the journey, others that they were

homesick, others that they had been deterred bydreams ; and in the result the thirty-four companionsof Apollonius who were willing to accompany himto Rome were reduced to eight. And all the rest

ran away from Nero and philosophy, both at once,and took to their heels.

435

f f 2

XXXVIII

cap. Etvvayaycbv ovv rov$ 7repiXeL<j)6evra<;, a>v /cal

Mew7T7ro9 ?)v 6 %vvaXXd%a<; rfj eparovar) /cal

Aioa/copL8r)s 6 AlyviTTios /cal Acl/jlis," ov Xoihoprj-

aopai" €(f)7],

"rol<z aTToXeXoiTTOGLv rjfias, dXX' vfias

erraiveaopbai ptdXXov, ore avSpeg eare ifiol ojwioi,

ov8\ el T£? Nepcova heLaas airrjkdey SeiXbv rjytfao-

pai rovrov, aXX' el rt? rod Beov9 rovrov /cpelrrcov

ylyverai, (piXoaocfros U7r' epuov 7rpoaeLprjaerai, /cal

hihd^ofjiai avrov, onrbaa olSa. So/cel hrj puoi rrpcorov

fiev ev^aaOai rol^ 0eol$, 8S 01)9 ravra irrl vovv

rjXOev vplv re /cd/ceivoi<$, eireffl rjyepiovas avroix;

iroielaOaL, Oewv yap %ft)/ol? ov8' iv aXXcp iapuev.

irapnr)Tea e'9 ttoXiv, rj roaovrcov rrjs ol/covpevrjq

puep&v cipher 7rco9 ovv av irapeXOot Tt?, el pyi/ceivoc rjyolvro ; /cal ravra rvpavvlSos iv avrfj

/caOearrj/cvLas ovrco %aXe7r7]<;, &>9 pr) itjeivai Gocpols

elvai. avorjrov re pbijSevl Bo/ceirco rb Oapaelv 6S6v,

rjv iroXXol ro)V (friXoo-ocfxov cfrevyovaiv, iyco yapwpcorov puev ovhev av rjyovpLat (f)o/3epbv ovrco

yevecrOai rebv /car dvOpcoTrovs, 009 i/cjrXayrjvai

irore vtt avrov rbv crocfyov, elr ov$ av irpo0ei7]v

dvhpeLas pueXeras, eav purj puerd /civSvvcov ylyvoivro./cal aXXcos irreXOcov yrjv, oo~r)V ovitco ri<; dvOpooircov,

Br)pla puev 'Apdftcd re /cal 'IvSi/cd irdpbiroXXa elSov,

rb Se Oripiov rovro, b /caXovaiv ol rroXXol rvpavvov,

436


XXXVIII

He therefore assembled those who were left, chap.YY YV1TT

among whom were Menippus, who had foregatheredwith the hobgoblin, and Dioscorides the Egyptian, addresses

and Damis, and said to them :" I shall not scold ?

xhor^a"..ii ii i i Tin i'

tions to thethose who have abandoned us, but I shall rather eight who

praise you for being men like myself: nor shallremam

I think a man a coward, because he has disappearedout of dread of Nero, but anyone who rises superiorto such fear I will hail as a philosopher, and I will

teach him all I know. I think then that we oughtfirst of all to pray to the gods who have suggestedthese different courses to you and to them

; and thenwe ought to solicit their direction and guidance, for

we are not remote from the gods even in a foreign

country. We must then march forward to the citywhich is mistress of so much of the inhabited world

;

but how can anybody go forward thither, unless the

gods are leading him ? The more so, because a

tyranny has been established in this city so harsh

and cruel, that it does not suffer men to be wise.

And let not anyone think it foolish so to venture

along a path which many philosophers are fleeingfrom

;for in the first place I do not esteem any

human agency so formidable, that a wise man can

ever be terrified by it ;and in the second place, I

would not urge upon you the pursuit of bravery, unless

it were attended with danger. Moreover, in traversing He

more of the earth than any man yet has visited, I have f^^ero"seen hosts of Arabian and Indian wild beasts ; but

as to this wild beast, which the many call a tyrant,

437

cap. ovre oiroaai tcecpaXal avro), olBa, ovre el yafiijrco-xxxviiit v ,

L

, , , A

vvyov re /cat tcapyapooovv ean. kclitoi ttoXitlkov

piev elvai to Orjpiov tovto Xeyercu teal ra fieaa tcov

TroXecov oltcecv, togovtw Be aypicoTepov BidtceiTat

tcov opeivcov re teal vXaucov, ocrco Xcovtcs puev teal

irapBaXeis iviore tcoXatcevofievoi rj/uepovvrai teal

fj,€Ta/3d\\ov(Ti, tov r)6ow$, rovrl Be virb tcov

Kara-yjrrj^ovrayv eiraipofievov aypidorepov avrov

yiyverao teal Xa(j>vaaei Trdvra. irepl puev ye Orjpicov

ovtc av elrroi^, on to.? firjTepas 7rore t<z? avTcov

eBaiaavTO, Nepcov Be ipLTrecfroprjTat, t% fiopas

ravTrjs. el Be teal ravra yeyovev eV ^Opearrj teal

'AX/cpuaLcovi, dXXy

etceivois cr^pm tov epyov irare-

pes r)o~av, 6 fiev dirodavcov virb t% eavrov yvvai/cos,

6 Be opfjuov irpaOeif;, ouroal Be /cal ecnroLrjOels virb

t% fJbrjTpbs yepovri ffaaiXet teal tcXrjpovopLrjaas to

apyeiv, vavay'up tt)v fjLrjrepa diretcTeive, irXolov eir

avrf) ^vvOeis, vfi ov airooXero irpbs rfj yfj. el Be

etc tovtcov (j)o/3epov t^? rjyetTat Nepcova, teal Bia,

tovto diroirr^Ba (piXoaocpLas, ovtc aacpaXes avToo

vopuu^cov to airb Ov/xov tl avTcp irpaTTew, Igtco to

fjuev <po{3epbv e/ceivoi<; v7rdp%ov, 6cot, irep av

G(D<$poo~vvr)<; t€ teal ao<f>ia<$ airTcovTai, tovtois yapteal to, irapa tcov Oecov ev eyei, tcl Be tcov vftpi-

%6vtcov vSXov r)yeio~6oo, tcaOa teal to, tcov pefieOv-

o-fievcov, teal yap Br) tcd/celvovs ye rfkiOiovs p,ev

i)yovfj£0a, <j>o/3epov<z Be ov. -toyfiev ovv e? tt)v

'Fcofiriv, elye eppcopueOa, 7rpb<i yap Ta Nepcovo?

438


I know not either how many heads he has, nor chap.whether he has crooked talons and jagged teeth. In xxxvm

any case, though this monster is said to be a social

beast and to inhabit the heart of cities, yet he is so

much wilder and fiercer in his disposition than animalsof the mountain and forest, that whereas you cansometimes tame and alter the character of lions and

leopards by flattering them, this one is only rousedto greater cruelty than before by those who stroke

him, so that he rends and devours all alike. Andagain there is no animal anyhow of which you can

say that it ever devours its own mother, but Nero is

gorged with such quarry. It is true, perhaps, that

the same crime was committed in the case of

Orestes and Alcmaeon, but they had some excusefor their deeds, in that the father of the one wasmurdered by his own wife, while the other's had beensold for a necklace ; this man, however, has murderedthe very mother to whom he owes his adoption bythe aged emperor and his inheritance of the empire ;

for he shipwrecked and so slew her close to land

in a vessel built for the express purpose of doingher to death. If, however, anyone is disposed to

dread Nero for these reasons, and is led abruptlyto forsake philosophy, conceiving that it is not safe

for him to thwart his evil temper, let him knowthat the quality of inspiring fear really belongs to

those who are devoted to temperance and wisdom,because they are sure of divine succour. But let

him snap his fingers at the threats of the proud and

insolent, as he would at those of drunken men ; for

we regard the latter surely as daft and silly, but not

as formidable. Let us then go forward to Rome, if weare good men and true ;

for to Nero's proclamations

439

cap. Krjpvyf&aTa, oY oyv eêipyei <j>t\o<ro<l)iav, eariv

rjfiLv to rod ôtyoKXeovs Xeyeiv

ov yap rl fioi Zezk rjv 6 KTjpvga? rdSe,

ovhe M.ovaai Kal'

AttoXXcov Xoyios. et/eo9 he teal

avTOV Nepcova yiyv(oo~Keiv ra lajifiela ravra,

Tpaycphia, ok <fiaai, %aipovTa"evTCLvdd t^9 to

e

Op,t)pov evOvpuriOeis, oj?, eireihav

6 \0709 apfjLocrr) iroXepbiKovs avhpas, fiia pev Kopvs

yiyvovTCLL, fiia he ao-iris, evpelv dv p,oi hoKel avrb

rovro Kal irepl Tovahe rovs dvhpas yevofievov vtto

yap twv rod'

AttoXXoovlov Xoycov ^vyKpoTT]6evTe^,

aTTo0vr}<TK€iv re virep (friXoo-ocpias eppcovro /cal

fteXriovs twv dirohpdvTOdv (paiveaOai.

XXXIX

cap. Yipoarjeaav p>ev ovv rats irvXais, ol he efyearo)-XXXIX j£\ > / J-y -y \ //) \ „ v

re? ovoev rjpcoTcov, aXXa Trepcrjupovv to a^qpba Kai

eOavpia&v 6 yap Tpoiros lepb<; ehoKet Kal ovhev

eoiKcos TOt9 dyeipovai. KaTaXvovcri 6" avTols ev

iravhoêiip irepl Ta9 TrvXas Kal helirvov alpovpue-

vol<;, eirethr] Kaipbs eajrepa? rjhr) eTvyyavev, 009 eirl

Kcjpiov epyerai pbedvwv dvQpwno^ ovk dyXevKwsti}9 (pcovfjs eywv, irepiyei he dpa kvkXm ttjv 'Vaoprjv

ah(ov tcl tou Ne/30)i/09 pLeXr) Kal pbepaaOcopbevo^

tovto, tov he d/iieXcos crKovaavTa rj pr) KaTa-

ftaXovTa pLLcrOov t% aKpodaews ^vveKeydipy]TO

440


in which he banishes philosophy we may well oppose chap.

the verse of Sophocles :

xxxviii

" ' For in no wise was it Zeus who made this Antigone

proclamation unto me,'

nor the Muses either, nor Apollo the god of eloquence.But it may well be that Nero himself knows this

iambic line, for he is, they say, addicted to tragedy."This occasion reminds one of the saying of Homer, Iliad 13. 130

that when warriors are knit together by reason, theybecome as it were a single plume and helmet, and a

single shield ; and it seems to me that this verysentiment found its application in regard to these

heroes ;for they were welded together and en-

couraged by the words of Apollonius to die in

behalf of their philosophy, and strengthened to

show themselves superior to those who had run

away.

XXXIX

They accordingly approached the gates of Rome, chap.

and the sentries asked them no questions, althoughxxxix

they scanned their dress with some -curiosity ;for the p^me

enter

fashion of it was that of religious ascetics, and did not

in the least resemble that of beggars. And they put Nero's

up at an inn close to the gate, and were taking their harPlsts

supper, for it was already eventide, when a drunkenfellow with a far from harsh voice turned up as it

were for a revel ;and he was one it seems who was in

the habit of going round about Rome singing Nero's

songs and hired for the purpose, and anyone who

neglected to listen to him or refused to pay him for his

music, he had the right to arrest for violating Nero's

441

cap. avTG) teal dirdyeiv o>9 daefiovvra. r)v Be avrwteal tetOdpa teal r) 7Tp6cr<popos ru> KiOapiêiv ateevr)

irdaa, teao riva teal vevpdv rcov ecfyayjrapLevcovre

teal irpoevrerafievwv aTToteeipLevriv ev KOiriBi ^lêv,

rjv ecfyacrteev etc rrjs Ne/?&>i/09 ewvr)a6ai tei6dpa<;

Bvolv fivalv teal drroBodGeaOai avrrjv ovBevi, rjv /jlt)

teiOapwBbs y rdv dptarcov re teal dywviovpbkvwvTIvdoL dvafiaXojjievos ovv, oVo)? elojQei, teal

ftpayyv BieêXOcbv vpuvov rov Nepowo? errr)ye fieXr)

rd puev ii; 'Opecrreias, rd Be ef 'Avriyovrj?, rd &orzoOevovv ra>v rpayoySov/jievcov avra>, teal coBds

etca/ATTTev, oiroaas Nepwv iXvytê re teal tcateays

€<JTpe<f>ev. dpybrepov Be dtepoaypuevcov 6 pkv dae-

fielaOai Nepcova {jit* avrcov ecpaatce teal iroXepLLOVs

rr}<; deias (pwvrjs elvai, ol Be ov irpoaelypv. epopue-

vov Be rov Meviinrov rov ÂttoXXwviov, 7rw?

dtcovoi Xeyovros ravra,"7TW9," ecfyrj,

"rj &>9 ore

fjBev ; rjpLels p>evroi, ay NLevornre, fir) 7rapoijvvcbp,e@a

7rpo9 ravra, dXXa rov jjugOov rr)$ i7riBeli;€(o<;

Bovres edo-(op,ev avrbv Bveiv Tat? NepwvosMovo-at?."

XL

cap. Tovro /iiev Br) eVl roaovrov eirapcovrjOii. dfia

Be ry f)p>epa TeXeo~ivo<; 6 erepos rwv virdrcov teaXe-

aras rov ÂiroXXcavtoVt"

rt," eepri," rb a^rj/xa ;

'

6

44?


majesty. And he carried a harp and all the outfit chap.

proper for a harpist, and he also had put away in aXXXIX

casket a second-hand string which others had fastened

on their instruments and tuned up before him, andthis he said he had purchased off Nero's own lyrefor two minas, and that he would sell it to no onewho was not a first-rate harpist and fit to contend for

the prize at Delphi. He then struck up a prelude,

according to his custom, and after performing a short

hymn composed by Nero, he added various lays, someout of the story of Orestes, and some from the

Antigone, and others from one or another of the

tragedies composed by Nero, and he proceeded to

drawl out the airs which Nero was in the habit of

murdering by his miserable phrasing and modulations.

As they listened with some indifference, he proceededto accuse them of violating Nero's majesty and of

being enemies of his divine voice; but they paid no

attention to him. Then Menippus asked Apolloniushow he appreciated these remarks, whereupon hesaid :

" How do I appreciate them ? Why, just as I

did his songs. Let us, however, O Menippus, not

take too much offence at his remarks, but let us givehim something for his performance and dismiss himto sacrifice to the Muses of Nero."

XL

So ended the episode of this poor drunken fool. ci*ap.

But at daybreak Telesinus, one of the consuls, called interview

Apollonius to him, and said :" What is this dress with

which you wear?" And he answered: "A pure the°Snsui

443

cap. Be,-(

icaOapov" elire,"

ical air' ovBevbs Ovtjtov"

Tt9 06 r) cro<pLa ; v]eiaafio<; , e<pii, /cat ft)? av

rt9 Oeols evyoiTO /cal 0voi."" eari Be Tt?, <y

(piXoaotye, 09 dyvoel ravra ;

" "ttoXXoi," elirev,

". el Be kcll opOcos rt? eirlo-TaTai ravra, iroXXcp

yevoiT av avrov fieXrlwv a/covaas aocpcorepov

dvBpo<;, ore, a olBev, ev olBev." ravra dtcovovTa

top TeXeo~lvov, ical yap eTvyyavev viro6epairev(ov

to Oelov, earjXOev. 6 dvr)p Be a irdXac irepl avrov

f)Kove, /cal to fiev ovofia ovk wero Betv e? to (pavepbv

epcoTav, fir] tiv eTi XavQdveiv ftovXoiTO, eiravrjye

Be avrov irdXiv e'9 top Xoyov top irepl tov Oelov,

ko\ yap 7T/00? BtdXefyv einTriBeiw^ eZ^e, /cat &>9

cro(pG> ye elire,"tl ev^rj irpOGioav tocs ficofiois ; 7

"eycoye," e(f>rf t

"Btfcatoavvrfv elvac, vofiovs put)

/caTaXveadai, ireveaOac tovs cro(/>ou9, toi>9 Be

aXXovs nrXovTelv fiev, dBoXcos Se.""

elT<z," et7re,

" ToaavTa acT&v oteu TevtjecrOat ;

" "vr) At\" elire,

"gvvelpco yap to, iravra e'9 €v%r)v fiiav /cal irpoo-ioov

. tois /3ft)/iot9 ft)3e evypfiav co Qeoi, BotrjTe fioi to,

6<j>eiX6fieva' el fiev Br) tcov ^prjaTcov elfii dvOpcoircov,

Tevgofiai irXeiovwv r) elirov, el Be ev tols <$>avXoi<;

fie 01 6eol TaTTovo-i, TavavTia fioi irap avTwv rj£ei

Kal ov fiefiyfrofiat tovs deovs, el /catccov a^iovfiai

fir) Xpr)o-Tb<$ cov" iijeireirXrjfCTO fiev Br) 6 TeXeaivos

444


garment made from no dead matter." " And what chap.is your wisdom?

" " An inspiration," answered Apol-XL

lonius," which teaches men how to pray and sacrifice

to the gods." "And is there anyone, my philoso-

pher, who does not know that already ?" "

Many,"said the sage,

" and if there is here and there a manwho understands these matters aright, he will be

very much improved by hearing from a man wiser

than himself that, what he knows, he knows for a

certainty." When Telesinus heard this, for he wasa man fairly disposed to worship and religion, he

recognised the sage from the rumours which he had

long before heard about him;and though he did

not think he need openly ask him his name, in case

he wished to conceal his identity from anyone, henevertheless led him on to talk afresh about religion,for he was himself an apt reasoner, and feeling that

he was addressing a sage, he ask^d : ". What do youpray for when you approach the altars ?

""I," said

Apollonius, "for my part pray that justice mayprevail, that the laws may not be broken, that the

wise may continue to be poor, but that others

may be rich, as long as they are so without fraud.""Then," said the other, "when you ask for so much,

do you think you will get it ?" "

Yes, by Zeus," said

Apollonius," for I string together all my petitions in

a single prayer, and when I reach the altars this is

howl pray: O ye gods, bestow on me whatever is

due. If therefore I am of the number of worthymen, I shall obtain more than I asked for

; but if the

gods rank me among the wicked, then they will

send to me the opposite of what I ask ;and I shall

not blame the gods, because for my demerit I am

judged worthy of evil." Telesinus then was greatly

445

cap. vtto T(*)v Xoycov rovrcov, ftovXofievos Be avrw

XapLêauai, (poira, ecpr), e? ra tepa iravra,

/cal yeypd^rerac irap ifiov irpos rovs lepwfievov?

heêaOal ae Kal Biopdovfievcp eftceiv""

r)v Be fir)

ypayfrys, €<prj,ov oegovraL fie ; fia At ,

earev, efir) yap, ecpr), avrrj ap^r). X^P *'

ecprj,"otl yevvalos cov fieydXov apyew, $ov\oifir)v

B1

av <T€ Katcelvo irepl ifiov elBevar iyoo rcov

lepcov ra fir) /3e/3a/o>? ickeMTTa yaiput oltctov, Kal

irapatrelTai fie ovBels rcov Oecov, aWa TToiovvrat

Koivwvov ariyrj^ dveio-Oa) Be fioi Kal tovto, Kal

yap ol ftdpfidpoi ^vvey&povv avro." Kal 6 TeXe-

alvos,"

fieya," e<f>r),

"'Fcojiaicov eyKcopuov ol

fidpftapoi 7rpov\a/3ov }tovtI yap e/3ov\6fir)v av

Kal irepl rjficov \eyeadai." WKet fiev Br) ev tols

[spots, evaXk&TToov avra, Kal fiedcardfievos efaXXov e'9 aXXo, alrlav Be eVl tovtw eyusv,

"ovBe

ol 6eol"ecpr),

" iravra top yjpovov ev tw ovpavwoIkovctlv, dXXa iropevovrai fiev is KlQioirlav,

iropevovrat Be is "OXvfiirov re Kal "AOco, Kal oljiai

aroirov tovs fiev Oeovs ra rcov dvdpdnrwv eOvrj

irepLvoarelv iravra, rovs Be dvOpcoirovs fir) rocs

Oeols eTTKpocrav iraari. Kairoi Becrirorai fiev

virepopcovres BovXcov ovrrrco alriav eôvariv, icrcos

yap av Karacppovolev avrcov, (hs fir) crirovBalcov ,

BovXoc Be fir) Trdvrcos rovs avrcbv Becriroras

depairevovres, arroKoivro av vrr avrwv &>? Kara-

paroi re Kal Oeols i^dpa dvBpaTroBa"

446


struck by these words, and wishing to show him a chap.

favour, he said :" You may visit all the temples, and XL

written instructions shall be sent by me to the

priests who minister in them to admit you and adoptyour reforms." " And supposing you did not write/'said Apollonius, "would they not admit me?""No, by Zeus," said he,

" for that is my own office

and prerogative."u I am glad," said Apollonius,"

that so generous a man as yourself holds such a highoffice, but I would like you to know this much too

about me : I like to live in such temples as are not too

closely shut up, and none of the gods object to mypresence, for they invite me to share their habitation.

So let this liberty too be accorded to me, inasmuch as

even the barbarians always permitted it." And Tele-

sinus said :" The barbarians have more to be proud of

in this matter than the Romans, for I would that as

much could be said of ourselves." Apollonius accord-

ingly lived in the temples, though he changed themand passed from one to another ; and when he wasblamed for doing so, he said :

" Neither do the godslive all their time in heaven, but they take journeysto Ethiopia, as also to Olympus and to Athos, and I

think it a pity that the gods should go roamingaround all the nations of men, and yet that menshould not be allowed to visit all the gods alike.

What is more, though masters would incur no

reproach for neglecting slaves, for whom they pro-

bably may feel a contempt because they are not

good, yet the slaves who did not devote themselves

wholly to their masters, would be destroyed bythem as cursed wretches and chattels hateful to

the gods."

447

FLAVI1JS PH1LOSTRATUS

XLI

cap. At,aXeyop,evov Be avrov irefit

ra lepa ol OeolXLI

eOepairevovro /naXXov, Kal ^vvyeaav ol dvBpwirot 6?

ravra, &>9 ra dyaOd irXeiw irapd rwv decov eôvres,

Kal ovTTG) Bce/3dXXovro al ^vvovaiat rov dvBpbs

Bia to o-TrovSdêadat re Srjfioala XeyecrOal re e?

rrdvras, ovBe yap 9vpais eireiroXaêv, ovSe e%pi(3ero

irepl rovs Bvvarovs, dXX* -qcrirdêro /juev eV«£o£-

rwvras, BceXeyero Be avrol? orroaa Kal tw S/;/L6tt>.

XLII

cap. 'E7ret Be 6 ArjfjLTjTpios BiareOels irpbs avrov, 009

iv rots YLopivdiaicoZs Xoyots elprjKa, irapayevofjuevo?

e'9 T7)v 'Vgj/ultjv varepov iOepdireve puev rov*

KttoX-

Xcoviov, 67rr](j)i6L8' avrov ra> Nepcovc, reyyy] ravra

VTrcoTrrevOrj rov dvBpos, Kal rov Arj/ju^rpiov avrbs

iBoKei KaOeucevat 69 avrd, teal ttoXv /naXXov,

oirore yvfivdatov fiev iêirotrjOr] rq> Nepcovi Oavjxa-

atcorarov rcov itcei, Xev/crjv 8* edvov iv avrw

r)/jL6pav Nepcov re avrbs /catrj ftovXr) rj fxeydXr) Kal

to Irnrevov T779 'Voifirjs, irapeXdoov he 6 ArjfujrpLOs

6*9 avrb to yvfxvdaLov Bce^rjXOe Xoyov Kara rcov

Xov/nevcov, &>9 e/cXeXv/jbevcov re teal avrov? y^paivbv-

rcov, Kal iBeiKvvev, on irepirrbv dvdXwfia etrj ra

448

LIFE OF APOIXONIUS/BOOK IV

XLI

The result of his discourses about religion was chap.

that the gods were worshipped with more zeal, and XLI

that men nocked to the temples where he was, in JJ^JJSi"8

the belief that by doing so they would obtain an in Rolne

increase of divine blessings. And our sage's con-

versations were so far not objected to, because heheld them in public and addressed himself to all

men alike;for he did not hover about rich men's

doors, nor hang about the mighty, though hewelcomed them if they resorted to him, and hetalked with them just as much as he did to thecommon people.

XLII

Now Demetrius being attracted to Apollonius, as I chap.

have said above in my account ofthe events at Corinth,betook himself subsequently to Rome, and proceeded assails the

to court Apollonius, at the same time that he launched Publicbaths

out against Nero. In consequence our sage's professionwas looked at askance, and he was thought to have set

Demetrius on to proceed thus, and the suspicion wasincreased on the occasion of Nero's completion of

the most magnificent gymnasium in Rome ; for the

auspicious day was being celebrated therein by Nerohimself and the great Senate and all the knightsof Rome, when Demetrius made his way into the

gymnasium itself and delivered himself of a philippic

against people who bathed, declaring that theyenfeebled and polluted themselves ;

and he showedthat such institutions were a useless expense. He

449

VOL. I. G G

cap. roiavrd, eft oh ^vvrjparo /jlcv avTa> tov firjXLTIt a » / v ; *V -Kji » jaTrouavetv avriica to tov Nepwva evcpcovoTara

eavrov Kara tt\v rj/juepav eiceivi)v aSecv—ySe Be ev

Kairr)Xei(p TreTroLTj/jieva) e? to yvfivdaiov Btd^co/jia

eywv yv/jivos, coairep tcov KaTrrjXcov ol dcreXyeaTa-

toi— ov p,rjv Bii(f>vyev 6 Ar]/jLr)Tpi,os to e<£' oh ewe

KivBvvevo-at, ToyeXXlvos ydp, v<f w tofi<jE>09 rjv

tov Ne/)ft)z/o?, dirrfkavvev clvtov tt]<;

f

I*(Ofir]<;, 609 to

fiaXavelov KaTaa/cdyjravTa oh elire, tov S' 'AttoX-

Xwviov dipavoos dvi^vevev, oiroTe /cat avTos eirt-

Xr/yjnfjLov ti ical 7rapaf3e/3Xr)/nevov eliroL.

XLIII

Cap.rO 8' ovT€ KdTayeXwv (pavepbs rjv ovt av

7T€(j)povTLKa)^ } cbo~7rep ol <f)vXaTTo/jtevol Ttva klv-

BvVOV, dXX* aTTOXpOOVTCDS TTepl TU)V 7rp0fC€ip,€V0)V

BteXeyeTO, (jv/ixfriXoaoifrovvTos avTa> tov TeXeatvov

/cal 6T6pcov dvBpcov, ot KaiTOi <f>iXoao<f>ia<; irpaTTOVGT)^ ov/c dv wovto KtvBvvevaat %vv

e/cetvep crirovBd^ovTes. virwirTeveTO Be, &><? ecpijv,

/cat iroXv fiaXXov e<j> oh /cat irepl t*}? Bioo-rjfjLias

elire' yevofiivrjs ydp ttotc e/cXetyfreaxi rjXtov /cat

j3povTr}s e/cBoOeto-rjs, oirep ij/ctaTa ev e/cXetyfret

Bo/cel ^vfifiatvetv, dva/3Xe\jras e? tov ovpavov,

45°


was only saved from immediate death as the penalty ^^f'

of such language by the fact that Nero was in extra

good voice when he sang on that day, and he sangin the tavern which adjoined the gymnasium, naked

except for a girdle round his waist, like any low

tapster. Demetrius, however, did not wholly escapethe risk which he courted by his language ;

for

Tigellinus, to whom Nero had committed the powerof life and death, proceeded to banish him from

Rome, on the plea that he had ruined and over-

thrown the hath by the words he used ; and he

began to dog the steps of Apollonius secretly, in the

hope that he would catch him out too in some

compromising utterance.

XLIII

The latter, however, showed no disposition to chap.ridicule the government, nor on the other hand did XLIn

he display any of the anxiety usually felt by those5J*j£

UinU3

who are on their guard against some danger. He Apollonius

merely continued to discuss in simple and adequateterms the topics laid before him

;and Telesinus and

other persons continued to study philosophy in his

company, for although philosophy was just then in a

parlous condition, they did not dream that theywould imperil themselves by associating themselves

with his studies. Yet he was suspected as I have

said, and the suspicion was intensified by words he

uttered in connection with a prodigy. For presentlywhen there was an eclipse of the sun and a clap of

thunder was heard, a thing which very rarely occurs at

the moment of an eclipse, he glanced up to heaven

45i

xini '*' ea 'Tai **» fyv*"

AfcfcVa Kat 0VK carat." £vfi-

(BaXelv /juev Brj rb elprj/juevov ovtto) elyov ol iraparv-

%ovt€<; r(p Xoyco, rplrr/ B? airb t% e/cXetyeGx;

f)P>epa £vvf)/cav rod Xoyov irdvres' Girovfievov

yap rod Ne/Jwzô?, efiireacbv rfj Tpaire^rj o-/cr)7TTb<;

BirjXaae tt)<; kvXikos ev yepolv 01/0-779 /cal ov ttoXv

aTTeypvat)^ tov aro/iaTO^' to Br/ irapa roaovrov

eXOetv rod $Xr)Qr)vai avrbv ireirpdêadai n elire

/cal fir) ireirpdêaOai. d/covaas Be TiyeXXivos rbv

Xoyov tovtov 69 5eo9 d<f>l/cero tov dvBpos, &>9

ao<f)Ov rd Bai/juovta, /cal 69 ey/cXrjfjLara /mev (f>avepd

/caOlarao-daL 7J-/009 avrbv ov/c (Zero Belv, &>9 firj

/ca/cov tl d<j>avh vir avrov Xdftoi, BiaXeyofievov Be

/cal o-MOTT&vra koX /caOfjfjuevov koX ftaBiôvTa ical 6

ri <f>dyoi ical irap ortp /cal el edvaev r) firj eOvae,

irepL7)Qpei ttclgiv dcpOaXfiols, o*7rocroj9 V dp%r)

j3Xe7rec.

XLIV

C£P;

,

E/x7reao^T09 Be ev 'Vcofirj voo-rjimros, o /cardp-

povv ol larpol ovo/jbdôvaiv, dvLaTavrai Be dpa vir

avrov yS?)^€9 /cal r) (pcovr) rots XaXovai irovrjpais

e%ei, tcl fjuev lepa irXea r)v l/cerevovrcov toi>9 Oeovs,

eirel BiayBrj/cec rrjv <j)dpvyya Nepayv /cal fieXaivrj rfj

(pcovfj eyprJTO' 6 Be 'AttoXXcovios epprjyvvro fjuev

7T/309 ttjv twv woXXcbv dvoiav, eTreirXrjTTe Be

ovBevi, dXXa /cal rbv Mevi7nrov irapo^vvbfxevov

45 2


and said :

" There shall be some great event and chap.

there shall not be." Now at the time those who XLm

heard these words were unable to comprehend their

meaning ;but on the third day after the eclipse,

everyone understood what was meant ; for while

Nero sat at meat*a thunderbolt fell on the table, andclove asunder the cup which was in his hands andwas close to his lips. And the fact that he so

narrowly escaped being struck was intended by the

words that a great event should happen and yetshould not happen. Tigellinus when he heard this

story began to dread Apollonius as one who was wise

in supernatural matters ;and though he felt that he

had better not prefer any open charges against him,lest he should incur at his hands some mysteriousdisaster, nevertheless he used all the eyes with whichthe government sees, to watch Apollonius, whetherhe was talking or holding his tongue, or sitting downor walking about, and to mark what he ate, andin whose houses, and whether he offered sacrifice

or not.

XLIV

Just then a distemper broke out in Rome, called chap.

by the physicians influenza ; and it was attended, itJ

seems, by coughings, and the voice of speakers was arrests him

affected by it. Now the temples were full of people

supplicating the gods, because Nero had a swollen

throat, and his voice was hoarse. But Apollonius

vehemently denounced the folly of the crowd, thoughwithout rebuking anyone in particular ; nay, he even

restrained Menippus, who was irritated by such goings

453

CAP. V7TO TO)V TOIOVTCOV €(T(0(f)p6vi,^€ T€ KOI /carelê,

^vyyiyvoaa/ceiv /ceXevwv Tot? Oeoh, el fiLpiOLS

yeXolcov yaipovGiv. dirayyeXOevTOs Be rS TiyeX-Xivw tov Xoyov tovtov, irepjirei tovs aôvjaâvTov e'9 to Bi/caaTrjpiov, &)? djroXoyrjaaiTO /jli]

aaeftelv (I9 Nepcova, 7rapeo-/cevao~TO Be /cal fcarrj-

yopo<s eir avrov ttoXXovs diroXcoXe/cco^ 77877 /cal

TOLovTOJv'OXvfjLTTidScov fiecTTOs, teal ti real ypap,p,a-

jelov elêv ev ralv yepolv yeypapifievov rb ey/cXr)p,a,

/cal tovto odairep f«/>09 avaaeiwv eirl tov dvBpa

?}/covr}crdai re avrb eXeye /cal diroXelv avrov. eVel

Be aveXiTTcov TiyeXXivos to ypajufiaTecov ypafjLfjbfjs

fiev tyyos ev avra) ou% evpev, dar}p,(p Be tlvl {3i/3Xl(q

everv)(ev, e'9 evvoiav aTrrjveÔr) Baipuovo^. tovtI Be

fcal Aofieriavos varepov 7rpbs avrov XeyeratiraOelv. diroXa/3a)v ovv tov \ttoX\ojvlov ijvey/cev

e'9 to dirbpp7]Tov BiKaarijpLOv, ev co irepi twv

pbeylo-rcov r) dpyr) avrrj atyavSy* Bi/cdêi, teal

pLerao-Trjo-dpLevos Trdvras eve/ceiro ep(OT(ov, oaris

eir), 6 Be \iroXXd)VLoaa/ce re

avrfj yjpr)o~6ai eirI re to 0eov<; yiyvcoa/ceiv eiri re

to dvdpcoTrcov Ijvvievcu., tov yap eavTov yvwvat

'XjaXeirdyTepov elvai to aXXov yvwvai."

tov<; Bal-

\xova$" enrev, "w 'A7roXXa)vie, /cal Ta? twv elBcoXcov

fyavTaaias 7rw? eXeyêis ;

" "&><? ye" e(f)r),

"tou?

pLiat(p6vov<; T€ /cal acre/Bets dvOpcairov;" TavTi Be

7T/309 tov TiyeXXlvov diroo-KcoTTTcov eXeyev, eireiBrj

454


on, and persuaded him to moderate his indignation, chap.

urging him to pardon the gods if they did show XLIV

pleasure in the mimes of buffoons. This utterancewas reported to Tigellinus, who immediately sent

police to take him to prison, and summoned him to

defend himself from the charge of impiety againstNero. And an accuser was retained against him whohad already undone a great many people, and won a

number of such Olympic victories. This accuser

too held in his hands a scroll of paper on which the

charge was written out, and he brandished it like a

sword against the sage, and declared that it was so

sharp that it would slay and ruin him. But whenTigellinus unrolled the scroll, and did not find uponit the trace of a single word or letter, and his eyesfell on a perfectly blank book, he came to the con-

clusion that he had to do with a demon;and this is

said also subsequently to have been the feeling whichDomitian entertained towards Apollonius. Tigellinus interview

then took his victim apart into a secret tribunal, in Jwlinu8

which this class of magistrate tries in private the most

important charges ;and having ordered all to leave

the court he plied him with questions, asking whohe was. Apollonius gave his father's name and that

of his country, and explained his motive in practising

wisdom, declaring that the sole use he made of it

was to gain a knowledge of the gods and an under-

standing of human affairs, for that the difficulty of

knowing another man exceeded that of knowingoneself. " And about the demons," said Tigellinus," and the apparitions of spectres, how, O Apollonius,do you exorcise them ?

" "In the same way," he

answered, "as I should murderers and impious men."This was a sarcastic allusion to Tigellinus himself,

455

cap. irdaj)^ oopLOTrjros re /cal daeXyeias BiBdcr/caXos r)v

to3 Nepwvi."pavrevaaio B' ov? ecf>r},

"Beydevri

flOL ;

" "7TW9," €L7r€V,

"6 ye fl7J fMlVTl? WV

,'

" "KO.X

fjurjv ere," ecprj^

"(paalv elvai rbv elirovra eaeaOai

tl fjbija /cal ov/c ecreo-Oai" "dXrjOws" elirev,

"rjKovaa^, tovto Be pur) puavriKfj irpoaridei, aocf>ia

Be fjbaXkov, rjv debs fyaivei o~o<f)oZs dvBpdaiv""Nepcova 8e," ecftrj,

" Bid tl ov BeBoi/cas ;

" "6Vt,"

elirev, "6 Oebs 6 irapex^v e/celvq) <f>oftep<p Boicelv

fcd/juol BeBw/cev dtyoftcp elvat.""fypovels Be 7rco?,"

elire, "irepi Neyoowo?;" 6 Be \7roXXdiv10s, "fteXrtov"

elnrev,"

rj v/net?' vp£c<; yap ?)yecaOe avrbv a%iov rod

aBeiv, eyed Be at~iov rod aiwirav.^ e/cirXayel? ovv

6 TiyeXXivos/'aTriOt," ecprj,

"/caraarrjaas eyyvrjrds

rov <j(£>fjLaTO<$" 6 Be AttoXXwvics,"

/cal rt?," elirev,"eyyvrjo-erai acopa, firjBels Brjaei ;

"eBo^e rep

TuyeXXivw ravra Baipuovid re elvac /cal irpoaay

dv0p(io7rov, /cal o)Girep deopayelv (pvXaTrop.evos,*

yoipei? ecj)7),

"61 ffovXei, o~v yap /cpelrrcov rj

vir

ep,oi> dpyeadair

XLV

cap. Kd/cetvo 'KiroXXcoviov Oavfia' /cop?] ev copa yd-

jLbov redvdvai eBo/cei, ical 6 vvp,<f>Lo<; rj/coXovOei rfj

/cXivrj ftowv OTrocra eV dreXelydprp, ^vvco\o(f)vpeTo

456


for he taught and encouraged in Nero every excess chap.

of cruelty and wanton violence. "And," said the XLTV

other," could you prophesy, if I asked you to ?

"

" How," said Apollonius, "can I, being no prophet ?"

"And yet," replied the other,"they say that it is

you who predicted that some great event wouldcome to pass and yet not come to pass."

"Quite

true,"

said Apollonius,"

is what you heard; but you

must not put this down to any prophetic gift, butrather to the wisdom which God reveals to wise

men." "And," said the other, *f

why are you not

afraid of Nero ?" "

Because," said Apollonius," the

same God who allows him to seem formidable, has

also granted to me to feel no fear." " And what do

you think," said the other, "about Nero?" AndApollonius answered :

" Much better than you do ;

for you think it dignified for him to sing, but I think

it dignified in him to keep silent." Tigellinus wasastonished at this and said :

" You may go, but youmust give sureties for your person." And Apolloniusanswered :

" And who can go surety for a bodythat no one can bind ?

"This answer struck

Tigellinus as inspired and above the wit of man;and

as he was careful not to fight with a god, he said :

" You may go wherever you choose, for you are too

powerful to be controlled by me."

XLV

Here too is a miracle which Apollonius worked : chap.

A girl had died just in the hour of her marriage,and the bridegroom was following her bier lament- a girl from

ing as was natural his marriage left unfulfilled, and the the dead

457

cap. he Kalf) 'Poo/jur), real yap eTvyyavev ol/eia<: r) Kopr)

TeXovar)? e'9 viraTOVs. irapaTV^cbv ovv 6 'AttoX-

Xoovio? too irdOei," KarddeaO^ €(f>rj,

"ttjv KXlvrjv,

eyco yap v/ias rcov eirl rfj /copy haKpvcov Travaco.'

Kal dfia 7]p€TOy re ovofia avrfj ecrj. ol jjuev hrj ttoX-

Xol wovro Xoyov ayopevaeiv avTOv, oloi twv Xoywvol eirtK^heLol re Kal ra? oXofyvpaeis eyelpovTes, 6 he

ovhev aXhJ r) nrpoaa-^rd/nei'oq avrys Kal to d<f>avco<i

enreLTToov, dfyvirvicre rrjv KOpv)v rod hoKovvTos Oavd-

tov, Kal (jxovrjv re r\ irals dcprjKev, eiravrjXde re e?

ttjv oIkiclv tov Trarpos, coairep r) "AXkijo-tls vtto

tov 'HpaKXeovs dvafiiwdelaa. hwpovjjLevoav he

avT(p jodv jfvyyevcov rrjs KOpr)<$ fivpidhas heKairevTe

<f>epvr)i> ecf>r)eirihihovai avras rfj iraohl. Kal elre

ainvdrjpa tt)$ ^frv^rj^ evpev ev avrrj, 09 eXeXtfOei

toi>9 Oepairevovras—

Xeyerai ydp, go? yfreKaôi fiev

6 Zievs, 7) he dr/jblôi, diro tov 7rpoaoQ7rov—etr

aTreo-ftrjKviav tt)v ^v^rjv dvedaXtye re Kal dveXa-

/3ev, apprjTos r) KardXiytyis tovtov yeyovev ovk

ifiol fjiovw, dXXa Kal tois iraparvôvo-LV.

XLVI

'JLTvyâve he irepl tov yjpovov tovtov Kal Mov-

cap. o~('*>vio<$ KaT€iXr)fjLfjLevo<; ev tols hea/jbwrrjplots tov

Nepcovo^fOV <pao-iTeXea)TaTa dv6p(07rcov <f)LXoo-o(f)7]-

o~ai, Kal <f>avepws fxev ov hieXeyovTo dXXrjXois,

TrapaiTrjo-a/jbivov tov Movawvlov tovto, e»<? fir)

afjufyw Kivhwevaecav, eTriaToXiiialovs he Ta? %vvov-


whole of Rome was mourning with him, for the chap.

maiden belonged to a consular family. ApolloniusXLA

then witnessing their grief, said :u Put down the

bier, for I will stay the tears that you are sheddingfor this maiden." And withal he asked what washer name. The crowd accordingly thought that hewas about to deliver such an oration as is commonlydelivered as much to grace the funeral as to stir

up lamentation ; but he did nothing of the kind, but

merely touching her and whispering in secret some

spell over her, at once woke up the maiden from her

seeming death;and the girl spoke out loud, and

returned to her father's house, just as Alcestis did

when she was brought back to life by Hercules.

And the relations of the maiden wanted to presenthim with the sum of 150,000 sesterces, but he said

that he would freely present the money to the younglady by way of a dowry. Now whether he detected

some spark of life in her, which those who were

nursing her had not noticed,—for it is said that

although it was raining at the time, a vapour went upfrom her face—or whether life was really extinct,and he restored it by the warmth of his touch, is a

mysterious problem which neither I myself nor those

who were present could decide.

XLVI

About this time Musonius lay confined in the*£*£*•

dungeons of Nero, a man who they say was unsur- c .

passed in philosophic ability by anyone. Now they pondence

did not openly converse with one another, because Musonius

Musonius declined to do so, in order that both their

lives might not be endangered ; but they carried on

459

cap. crias eirotovvro, cI>oltcovto<; e'9 to BeaacorrjpLov rovXLVI

M.6VL7T7TOV fCdl TOV Aa/uSo?. 77*9 Be OV% VTTCp

/xeydXcov eTriaroXa^ edcravres, rci<; dvayicaias

7rapa0r)cr6fjL€0a recti; cov virdpyei /canBelv ri \xeya*

'

AttoWcdvios ISJiovcrcovicp (piXocr6(f)(p ^aipeiv.

Hov\o/j,ai irapa ere dcpL/cofjuevos Kotvcovrjaal croi

Xoyov /cal crTeyrj*;, <y? tl ovrjcrai/jLL ere' el ye firj diri-

<tt6l<;, ft>9 'Hpa/cXrjs irore %^crea e'f "AiBov eXvcre,

ypdepe, rl fiovXei. eppcoao.

M-ovaoovios''

AiroXXcovico cf>iXoao<f)co yaipeiv.

r£lv fxev evevorjOrjs, diro/ceiaerai aot eiraivos,

dvrjp Be 6 v7rofieLvas diroXoyiav /cal a>9 ovBev dBi/cel

Bellas eavrov. eppcoao.

'A7toXXcovlo<; TAovacovicp cpiXoaocpco yaipeiv.

Zco/cpdrrjs 6 'Adrjvalos virb rcov eavrov cj)iXcov

Xv6r)vai Lirj ftovXTjOefc, rraprfxOe fiev e'9 Bi/caarrj-

pioVy arreOave Be. eppcocro.

Moua-&Wo9'*

ArroXXcovico cpiXocrocfxp yalpeiv.

^coKpdrr](; arreOavev, eirelfjurj rrapea/cevaaev e?

diroXoyiav eavrov, eyco Be drroXoy^aojxai. eppcoao.

460


a correspondence through Menippus and Damis, who chap.

went to and fro the prison. Such of their letters asXLV1

did not handle great themes I will take no notice of,

and only set before my reader the more importantones in which we get glimpses of lofty topics :

"Apollonius to Musonius the philosopher, greeting.

"I would fain come unto you, to share your

conversation and your lodgings, in the hope of beingsome use to you ; unless indeed you are disinclined

to believe that Hercules once released Theseus fromhell

; write what you would like me to do. Farewell."

" Musonius to Apollonius the philosopher sends

greeting.

" For your solicitude in my behalf, I shall never

do anything but commend you : but he who has

waited patiently to defend himself, and has provedthat he has done no wrong is a true man. Farewell."

"Apollonius to Musonius the philosopher sends

greeting.

"Socrates of Athens, because he refused to be

released by his own friends, went before the tribunal,

and was put to death. Farewell."

" Musonius to Apollonius the philosopher sends

greeting.

* Socrates was put to death, because he would not

take the trouble to defend himself; but I shall

defend myself. Farewell."

46:

FLAVIUS PHJLOSTRATUS

XLVII

cap. 'EêXawovTO? Be is rrjv 'EWaSa tov Nepcovo?,XLVIIc\ / »

/cat Trpo/crjpvtjavTOS Brjfiocna firfoeva eficfriXocrocfreiv

rrj 'Pcofirj, rpeireTai 6'

'AttoWoovlcx; 67rl tcl ecrirepta

rr}<; ryrjs, a $ao~iv opiêaOcu rais ^rrjkais, ra$

a/j,7rcoT€L<; tov ^ClKeavov iiroôêvo^ /cat to. TdBecpa.

teal yap tl teal irepl <f>t\oao(f)ia<; rwv eiceivr) dvdpco-

7TG)v rj/covev, &>? €9 7ro\v tov 6eLov 7rpor)fc6vTcov,

r)Ko\ovdr)(jav Be avTtZ ol yvayptfioc iravres eiraiv-

ovvres teal rr)v aTToBrjfjLiav teal tov avBpa.

462


XLVII

When Nero took his departure for Greece, after chap.

issuing a proclamation that no one should teach philo-XLvn

sophy in public at Rome, Apollonius turned his steps Spain

S

to the Western regions of the earth, which they sayare bounded by the Pillars, because he wished to visit

and behold the ebb and flow of the ocean, and the

city of Gadeira. For he had heard something of the

love of wisdom entertained by the inhabitants of that

country, and of how great an advance they hadmade in religion ;

and he was accompanied by all his

pupils, who approved no less of the expedition than

they did of the sage.

463

BOOK V

VOL. I.

E'

cap. Uepl Be rwv XrrjXcov, a? opta rr}<; yfjs top 'Hpa-icXea <j>aal irrjâaOai, ra fxev fivOcoBrj eco, ra &

a/cofjs re /ecu Xoyov aîa BrfXaxKo fiaXXov l&vpo)-

77-779 real Ai/3vr]<; d/epcu gtclBiusv egijtcovra iropOpbov

eireypvaai rbv 'tl/ceavbv e? ra eaco ireXdyrj <j>epovai,

teal tt)v fiev t% AijSvrjs cucpav, ovojia Be avrfj

"Afiivva, Xeovre? virepveîovrai irepl ras 6<f>pv<; rwv

opwv, a eaco virepcfMZLveTcu, gwaTrrovcrav irpbs

TcutovXovs /cat Tuyyas d/jL(f)(o drjptcoBr} /ecu Kifiv/cd

eOvrj, irapareivei Be eawXeovri rbv 'Cl/ceavbv y^kyjpi

fiev rtbv e/cftoXcov rod 'ZdXrjicos ewci/coaia ardBia,

to Be evrevdev ovk av %vp,$aXoi ris biroo-a, /nerd

yap rbv TroTctfjubv tovtov a/3io<? r) Aifivq /ecu ov/ceri,

avOpcoiroi. to Be rrj<; ^vpcoTT7]<; d/epcor^piov, b

/eaXelrac Ka\7rt9, Be^ta puev eireêv rod eairXov,

crTaBlcov etja/coaLcov firj/cos, Xrjyet Be 69 rd dpyala

TdBecpa.

466

BOOK V

Now in regard to the Pillars which they say chap.

Hercules fixed in the ground as limits of the earth, I

shall omit mere fables, and confine myself to record- the Pillars

ing what is worthy of our hearing and of our nar- of Hercules

rating. The extremes of Europe and Libya border ona strait sixty stadia wide, through which the ocean is

admitted into the inner seas. The extremity of

Libya, which bears the name Abinna, furnishes a

haunt to lions, who hunt their prey along the browsof the mountains which are to be seen rising inland,

and it marches with the Gaetuli and Tingae, both of

them wild Libyan tribes;and it extends as you sail

into the ocean as far as the mouth of the river Salex,some nine hundred stadia, and beyond that point a

further distance which no one can compute, because

when you have passed this river Libya is a desert

which no longer supports a population. But the

promontory of Europe, known as Calpis, stretches

along the inlet of the ocean on the right hand side a

distance of six hundred stadia, and terminates in the

ancient city of Gadeira.

467

II

cap. Ta9 Be tov 'tt/ceavov rpoira? /cal avTo? fiev irepl

KeXrov? elBov, ottoZcu XeyovTai, rrjv Be aWiav eirl

iroXXa el/cd£(ov, Be rjv aireipov ovto) ireXayos eirL^w-

pel re /cal avacTTrarac, Bo/cco /jlol tov 'AiroXXcovtov

eirea/ce^Sac to 6v. ev fjna jap rcov irpbs 'IvBov?

iircaroXcov tov *£l/ceavov cfrrjatv vcpvBpoLs eXavvb-

jievov irvevfiaacv e/c iroXXwv âa/Jbdrcov, a vit

ai)T& re /cal irepl avrbvr) yrj irape%eTat, ôapelv

€9 to e£(o /cal ava'XJMpeZv irdXcv, eireiBav coairep

aaOfMa virovoo-Trjo-rj to irvev/ia. tuo-tovtcll Be

avrb kclk rcov voctovvtwv irepl TdBetpa' tov yap

Xpovov, bv 7r\r)/jLp,vp€L to vBcop, ovk diroXeuirovcriv

at yjrvâl tov<; diro6vr}GKOVTa<$, oirep ovk av ^vfi-

fiatveiv, el puy /cal irvevpa rfj yfj eireôypei. a Be

irepl rrjv crekrjvrjv (paal §aiveoQai TLKTopievrjv re

/cal 7r\7]pov/jLevr]v /cal <f)6ivovaav, ravra irepl tov

'fl/ceavbv olBa, ra yap e/ceLvrjs aviaoi fierpa, i;Vfi-

fMVvBcov avrfj ical ^vpbirXrjpov/jLevo^.

Ill

cap. 'Hfiepa B' e/cBexerai vv/cra /cal vvt; rrjv rj/juepav

irepl KeXrov? jiev /car bXiyov viraiuovTOs tov

o~/c6tov<z r)tov <£&)T09, coairep evTavOa, irepl TdBetpa

Be /cal ^T^Xa? dOpoco<; XeyovTat to?? btyOaXpbols

468

LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V

II

Now I myself have seen among the Celts the chap.

ocean tides just as they are described ; and aftern

making various conjectures about why so vast a theT&esbulk of waters recedes and advances, I have come to

the conclusion that Apollonius discerned the real

truth. For in one of his letters to the Indians he saysthat the ocean is driven by submarine influences or

spirits out of several chasms which the earth affords

both underneath and around it, to advance outwards,and to recede again, whenever the influence or spirit,

like the breath of our bodies, gives way and recedes.

And this theory is confirmed by the course run bydiseases in Gadeira

;for at the time of high water

the souls of the dying do not quit their bodies, andthis would hardly happen, he says, unless the

influence or spirit I have spoken of was advancingtowards the land. They also tell you of certain

phenomena of the ocean in connection with the

phases of the moon, according as it is born andreaches fulness and wanes. These phenomena I

verified, for the ocean exactly keeps pace with the

size of the moon, decreasing and increasing with her.

Ill

And whereas the day succeeds the night and night chap.

succeeds the day in the land of the Celts by a veryIir

slow diminution of the darkness and of the light of sunset6™

respectively, as in this country ;in the neighbourhood

*MqJJJJJJI

of Gadeira on the contrary and of the Pillars, it is

said that the change bursts upon the eyes all at

469

cap. epmirrreiv, coarrep al darpairaL (petal Be ical ra<;

Ma/cdpcov vrjerov? bpiêo-Qat tw AiJBvkco repfiaro

7T/309 to doi/crjrov aveôvaa^ d/cpwrrjpiov.

IV

cap. Ta Be TdBeipa /celrac fiev Kara rb tt)? YLvpa)7rr)(;

repjjua, rrepirrol Be elai ra Oeca' yrjpax; ovv ftwpbbv

IBpvvrai /cal rbv Odvarov fiovoi dvOpcorrcov ttclicovl-

%ovtcu, ftoopLol Be e/cel /cal irevias /cal reyyr]^ /cal

'HpatcXeovs Alyvirriov /cal erepot rod ®r)f3aLOV

rbv pblv yap irrl rrjv e'77U9 ^pvOetav eXdaai (paaiv,

ore Brj rbv Trjpvbvijv re /cal ra<; /SoO? e\e?v, rbv Be

aocj)La Bbvra yr)v dvapLerprjaao-QaL iraaav e? repfia.

/cal /jLtjv /cal 'RWrjvi/coix; elvai (paai ra TdBeipa /cal

rraiBeveaQai rbv r)fjbeBaiTbv rpoirov dairdêcrOaL

yovv 'AOrjvaiovs 'RWrjvcov pbdXiara, /cal M.eveo~0el

T&) 'A0r)vaL(p 0vetv, /cal ®€fuo-ro/c\ea Be rbv vav-

pâypv o-o(pLa<? re /cal avBpeia<; dyaaOevres %a\/covv

IBpvvrai evvovv /cal coenrep ^prjcrfiw i(f)io-rdvra.

vcap.

y

lBelv /cal BevBpa <j)ao~lv evravOa, ola ov\ erepwOi

t% 7%, /cal Vrjpvoveia p,ev /ca\eio~6ai avrd, Bvo

470


once, like a flash of lightning. And they also say chap.that the Islands of the Blessed are bounded by the mlimits of Libya and emerge towards the uninhabited

promontory.

IV

Now the city of Gadeira is situated at the extreme chap.

end of Europe,, and its inhabitants are excessively

given to religion ; so much so that they have set up onSdeira1

an altar to old age, and unlike any other race theysing hymns in honour of death

;and altars are found

there set up to poverty, and to art, and to Herculesof Egypt, and there are others in honour of Herculesthe Theban. For they say that the latter penetratedas far as the neighbouring city of Erythea, on whichoccasion he took captive Geryon and his cows

;and

they say that in his devotion to wisdom he traversed

the whole earth up to its limits. They say moreover its

that there is a Hellenic culture at Gadeira, and Hellenism

that they educate themselves in our own fashion;

anyhow, that they are fonder of the Athenians thanof any other Hellenes, and they offer sacrifice to

Menestheus the Athenian, and from admiration of

Themistocles the naval commander, and to honourhim for his wisdom and bravery, they have set upa brazen statue of him in a lifelike attitude and,as it were, pondering an oracle.

They say also that they saw trees here such as are chap.

not found elsewhere upon the earth ;and that these

47i

cap. Be elvai, (j)V€aOac Be rod arj/iaro^, b eVl ra> Tr/p-

vovt) earrjKe, TrapaXXdrrovra e/c ttLtvos re /cal

7r€v/crj<; €9 elSo? erepov, Xei/3eo-0ai Be aijJLan,

KaOairep ra> ^pvcrw rrjv 'YiXidBa alyeipov. r)Be

vr)ao$, ev rj to lepov, e<JTi /xev oiroarj 6 vecos, ire-

TpwBes Be avrr}*; ovBev, dXXd /3aX/3iBi êarfj

et/caarai. ev Be tS lepS n/ndadai fiev a/Aâ to)

'Hpa/cXee (paaiv, dydX/juara Be avrolv ov/c elvai,

fiwfiovs Be rod fiev AIjvtttlov Bvo âX/covs /cal

darrjfjuovs, eva Be rod ®7)j3cdov—t#9 Be vBpas t€

/cal t«9 kiojJLrjBovs Xititovs teal rd BwBe/ca 'Hpa-/cXeovs epya e/crervTrwo-Oai <f>aai /cdvravOa—Xidov

ovra. r) Uvy/iaXicovos Be eXaiar) %pvcrr}, dvd-

Keirac Be /cd/ceivrj €9 tor

Jipd/cXeiov, d%La fiev, o>9

(fraat,,/cal rod daXXov Oavfjudêiv, c5 ei/cao-rai,

davfjidêadai 6" dv eirl too icapirw fidXXov, fipveiv

yap avrbv afiapdyBov XlOov.* /cal Tev/cpov rod

TeXa/uLcoviov £a)o~Tr}pa y^pvaovv <fiacri Bel/cvvadac,

7Tft>9 Be 69 rbv 'Q/ceavbv TrXevaavros rj e<£' 6 ri,

ovre auro9 o Aa/ii? %vviBetv (prjacv ovre e/ceivwv

d/covaai. t<z9 Be ev tw lepco o~Tr)Xa<$ %pvarov fiev

TTeTroirjcrdat, /cal dpyvpov ^vvrerrj/coroiv €9 ev

Xp&tfjba, elvai Be auras virep irrj^vv rerpaycovov

TJeypffit Uicrrep ol a/c/j,oves, einyeypd^dai Be t«9

fcecpaXas ovre Klywirriois ovrey

IvBi/co2<; ypafx/xao-iv,

ovre ocois ^vfjuftaXeiv. 6 Be 'AiroXXoovios, ft>9 ovBev

ol lepets ecj)pa%ov," ov t;vyxcopei /jloi," ecpr/,

"6

472

LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V ,

were called trees of Geryon. There were two of chap.

them, and they grew upon the mound raised overv

Geryon : they were a cross between the pitch tree JfGeryonand the pine, and formed a third species ; and blood

dripped from their bark, just as gold does from theHeliad poplar. Now the island on which the shrine

is built is of exactly the same size as the temple, andthere is not a rough stone to be found in it, for thewhole of it has been given the form of a polished

platform. In the shrine they say there is maintained Altars of

a cult both of one and the other Hercules, thoughthere are no images of them

;altars however there

are, namely, to the Egyptian Hercules two of bronzeand perfectly plain, to the Theban, one of stone

;on

the latter they say are engraved in relief hydras and(

the mares of Diomede and the twelve labours of

Hercules. And as to the golden olive of Pygmalion,it too is preserved in the temple of Hercules, andit excited their admiration by the clever way in

which the branch work was imitated;and they were

still more astonished at its fruit, for this teemedwith emeralds. And they say that the girdle of£irdleof

* TcucerTeucer of Telamon was also exhibited there of

gold, but how he ever sailed as far as the ocean,or why he did so, neither Damis by his ownadmission could understand nor ascertain from the

people of the place. But he says that the pillars in

the temple were made of gold and silver smelted

together so as to be of one colour, and they wereover a cubit high, of square form, resembling anvils ;

and their capitals were inscribed with letters whichwere neither Egyptian nor Indian nor of any kind

which he could decipher. But Apollonius, since the

priests would tell him nothing, remarked : "Hercules

473

cap.'Hpa/cXijs 6 AlyinrTios pur} ov Xeyeiv, oirbaa ol&a-

r?)9 real 'flfceavov ^vvSeo-puoi aihe ai arrjXai elcnv,

eireypd^raTO 8e avra<; i/cecvos iv Moipwv olkw, W9

pafjTe vet/cos rofc GTOiyeiois iyyevoiro firjTe drifxd-

creiav ttjv (piXorTjra, r)v dXXrfXwv XayovGivT

VI

CAP.VI <&aal Se koI tov ttotcl/jlov dvaTrXuscrai tov Bou-

tlv, 09 SrjXol yudXiUTa ttjv tov 'Q/ceavov (f)vo~iv

iireihav yap 7rX7)p,pLvpr) rb ireXayos, iirl to-9 TTTjyds

6 7rorayL609 TvaXippovs Iferai, irvevpuaTOS hrjirov dirw-

Oovpuevov avrbv rfjs OaXdrrr}^. rrjv 8e rjTreipov

TTJV RatTlKljv, ^9 7TOTa/-fc09 0UT09 6pbCOVVflO<S ,

dpiaTrjv rjTreipcov (f>ao~i, iroXecov re yap ev ej^eiv

/cat vofjuoiVy real BirjyQai tov irorafibv 69 tcl darr)

irdvra, yewpylas re %vp,7r do~r)<; /jl€o-tt)v eivai /cal

ojpcov, olai ttjs 'ATTi/crjs ai jxeTOirdipivai re teal

fivo-TrjpMOTtBes.

VII

cap. AiaXei;eis Be toj'

'AiroXXo)Vi(p irepl twv i/cel irapa-

7T€o-6vt(ov 6 Ad/M<; TrXeiov? /jl6v yeveaOai (prjalv,

d%La<; 8e rod dvaypd^rai TatroV /caOrjfievcov irore

avrwv 69 to<

YipaKXeiov dvayeXdaas 6 Mew7T7ro9,

dvafJb€/jbV7]T0 Se dpa rod Nepcovos,"Tit

*

ecprj,

"tov

yevvalov rjywpueOa; TtVa.9," €<f)7],

((

io-T€(f>av(bo-0ai tcop

474


of Egypt does not permit me not to tell all I know. chap.

These pillars are ties between earth and ocean, and V

they were inscribed by Hercules in the house of theinscriptions

Fates, to prevent any discord arising between the

elements, and to save their mutual affection for oneanother from violation."

VI

They tell also of how they sailed up the river chap.

Baetis, which throws no little light upon the nature VI

of the ocean. For whenever it is high tide, the ^Sica"river in its course remounts towards its sources,because apparently a current of air drives it awayfrom the sea. And the mainland of Baetica, after

which this river is called, is the best by their accountof any continent ;

for it is well furnished with cities

and pastures, and the river in its course visits all the

towns, and it is very highly cultivated with all sorts

of crops ;and it enjoys a climate similar to that of

Attica in the autumn season when the mysteries are

celebrated.

VII

The conversations which Apollonius held about chap

things which met his eyes were, according to vn

Damis, many in number, but the following he said

deserve to be recorded. On one occasion they were Discussion

sitting in the temple of Hercules and Menippus and the

gave a laugh, for it happened that Nero had just Olympic

come into his mind," And what," he said, "are we gd

to think of this splendid fellow ? In which of the

475

cap. aycovcov; tov? Be /SgXtiVtou? "EXXrjvas ov %vv oX(p

yeXwri (froirav e? ra<; jravrjyvpeis ;

n. 6 Be 'AttoXXq)-

vlos,"

ft>9 y&v €700," ecprj," TeXeaivov yjkovov, BeBtev

6 %/977<7To? Nepcov ras 'HXeiW fjudaTiya?' irapa-

KeXevofievcov yap avra> rcov KoXaKcav vlkclv rd

ÔXvfjLiria Kal ava/crjpvTTeiv rrjv 'Vcofirjv,"

r)v 76,"

e(f>r),

"fir) /3a<Tfojva)(TLV 'HXeloi, Xeyovrac yap p,acr-

Tiyovv Kal (ppovetv virep ifie," iroXXd Be Kal aXXa

dvorjTorepa tovtcov 7rpoave(f)Gov7](rev. eyco Be vlktJ-

cretv fiev Nepcova ev 'OXvjjL7Tia §1)1*1, tis yap ovrco

Opacrvs, &>9 evavriav OeaOat, ; 'OXvfJLTria Be ov

vtKrjo~eiv, are fir/Be ev copa ayovar irarpiov jiev

yap rols *OXvfimioi<$ rod irepvaiv evtavrov 6W09,

eKeXevcre tov$ 'HXetou? Nepcov dvaftaXecrQai avra

e? rr)v eavrov iiriBrj/JLLav, cw? eKeivw fiaXXov r)

r&> All 6v(Tovra<;' rpaycpBLav B' eirayyelXac Kal

Ki6ap(pBiav avBpdaiv, 0I9 firjre dearpov eari /jbrjre

o-KTjvrj 777909 ret roiavra, ardBiov Be avTO<f>ves Kal

yvfiva irdvra, rov Be vlkclv, a %pr) eyKaXvirreaOai,

Kal rrjv Avyovo-Tov re Kal 'lovXiov aKevr)v piâvra

/jL€Ta/jL(j)tevvv(T0ai, vvv rrjv 'A/xoêo)? Kal Tepirvov,

ri (j)i]o~eis ; Kal ra fiev Kpeovros re Kal OZBl7toBo<;

ovtco<; eâKpifiovv, ft)9 BeBievai, fir} Trrj XdOrj

dfiapTwv Ovpas rj o~roXr)<; rj trKrjjrTpov, eavrov

476


contests has he won wreaths of late ? Don't you chap.think that self-respecting Hellenes must shake with vn

laughter when they are on their way to thefestivals ?

" And Apollonius replied : "As I haveheard from Telesinus, the worthy Nero is afraid of the

whips of the Eleans;for when his flatterers urged him

to win at Olympia and to proclaim Rome as the victor,he answered :

'

Yes, if the Eleans will only not de-

preciate me, for they are said to use whips and to look

down upon me.' And many worse bits of nonsense thanthis forecast fell from his lips. I however admit that

Nero will conquer at Olympia, for who is bold enoughto enter the lists against him ? But I deny that hewill win at the Olympic festival, because they are not

keeping it at the right season. For custom requiresthat this should have been held last year, but Nero has

ordered the Eleans to put it off until his own visit, in

order that they may sacrifice to him rather than to

Zeus. And it is said that he has announced a tragedyand a performance on the harp for people who haveneither a theatre nor a stage for such entertainments,but only the stadium which nature has provided,and races which are all run by athletes strippedof their clothes. He however is going to take the

prize for performances which he ought to have

hidden in the dark, for he has thrown off the robes

of Augustus and Julius and has dressed himself upin the garb of an Amoebeus and a Terpnus. Whatcan you say of such a record ? And then he betrayssuch a meticulous care in playing the part of Creon

and Oedipus, that he is afraid of falling into some

error, of coming in by the wrong door, or of wearingthe wrong dress, of using the wrong sceptre ;

but he

has so entirely forgotten his own dignity and that of

477

cap. Be Kal 'Vwilcl'mdv ovtoos eKTriirreiv, o>9 dvrl rov

vofioderelv vofiovs aBeiv Kal dyeipeiv ef&) dvpwv,wv €<T(o XPV fcctOrjcrOat rov /3aatXea ^prj/jLari^bvra

virep 7779 Kal OaXdrrrj^ ; elcriv, o) ^Jlevurire,

rpaywBol irXelov^, e? ov$ Nepcov eavrbv ypd<f>er ri

ovv ; el Tt9 avTwv fiera, rov Olvo/xaov r)rov

KpeCr<povT7)v direXOcov rov dedrpov, fiecro? ovrco

rov 7rpoo-(07relov yevoiro, fc>9 apyeiv /xev erepcov

fiovXeaOai, rvpavvov Be avrbv r)yela6ai, tl kol

(prjcreis tovtov ; ap ovk eXXe/36pov BelaOac Kal

(f>ap/iiaK07ro<rias, oiroar) 7-01/9 1/01)9 eKKaOalpec ; el

o° avrbs 6 Tvpavveixov e'9 rpaypBovs Kal re^vLra^ra TTpdy/jLara eavrov ay01, Xealvcov ttjv (pcovrjv Kal

BeBicbs rov 'HXeiov rj top AeXôv, rj /xr) BeBtoDs fiev,

KaKcos Be ovtgx; viroKpivbyievos rrjv eavrov re^vr^v,

a)? fXT) fjuacrrtyoxjeadai vopiêiv irpbs rovrcov, &v

avTos dp-)(€iv TeraKrac, tl tovs KaKoBalfiovas

dvdpcoTTOvs epels virb tolovtm KaOdpfiarL fwzrra? ;

to?9 Be "EXXtjo-l rlva rjyfj, &> W.evnnre ; irorepa

aep^rjv KaTaTTi/jLTTpavra rj Nepcova aBovra ; el

yap €V0Vjj,r}6eir)<; rrjv dyopdv, r)v e'9 ras eKelvov

qjBas tjv/Mpepovo-t, Kal 0)9 e^wOovvrat twv olklwv

Kal o>9 ovk eêaTi airovBalov ovBev rj o~Kevos i)

dvBpdiroBov avTol? ireiraorOai, irepl yvvaloi^ re Kal

irately &>9 Becva, irelaovTai rcis eTrLpprjTOV? rjBovas

e% dirdar]^ OLKLas eKXeyovro<; rov INepcovos, BUacre ft>9 iroXXal dvacfyvaovrai, Kal ras fiev aXXas ea,

ra$ Be ewl rots dedrpois Kal rats wBals' ovk r)X0e<;

aKpoaao/jievos Nepcovos, rj irapr)cr6a fiev, pqOvfJLWs

478


the Romans, that instead of carrying on the work of chap.

making laws, he has taken to singing, and strolls likeVH

a player outside the gates within which the Emperorought to take his seat on his throne, deciding thefate of land and sea. There are, O Menippus,several troupes in which Nero has inscribed himselfas an actor. What next ? Supposing any one of theseactors quitted the theatre after playing Oenomaus or

Cresphontes, so full of his part as to want to rule

others, and imagine himself to be a tyrant, whatwould you say of him ? Surely you would recom-mend a dose of hellebore and the taking of drugs of

a kind to clear the intellect ? Well, here is the manhimself who wields absolute power, throwing in his

lot with actors and artists, cultivating a soft voice and

trembling before the people of Elis or of Delphi ;or

if he does not tremble, yet misrepresenting his art so

thoroughly as not to anticipate he will be whipped bythe people over whom he has been set to rule. Whatwill you say of the unhappy people who have to live

under such a scum ? And in what light do youthink the Hellenes regard him ? Is it as a Xerxes

burning their houses down or as a Nero singing

songs ? Think of the supplies they have to collect

for his songs, and how they are thrust out of their

houses and forbidden to own a decent bit of furniture

or slave. Think of how Nero picks out of every other

house women and children, to gratify his infamous

desires, and of the horrors they will suffer over them,of the crop of prosecutions which will be brought, and

without dwelling upon the rest, just fix your atten-

tion upon those which will arise out of his theatrical

and singing ambitions. This is what you hear :' You

did not come to listen to Nero,' or: ' You were

479

cap. Be rj/cpoa), eyeXas, ovk ifcpoTrjcras, ovk edvcras virep

t?}? (jxovrjs, Iva YivOcoBe XapuirpOTepa eXOor iroXXai

croc Boôvcrc Oearoyv *\XcdBe<$ irepl tou9 "YiXXrjvas

elvac. to yap TCTfjajaeaOac tov ^laOpuov r) ov

T€T/jL7]aea6ai, Te/jLverai Be, w? (fracrc, vvv, irdXac

irpovpuaOov deov tyrjvavTos" viroXaftcidv ovv 6

Aa/u?," a)OC e/xoiye" ecf>7],

"&> 'AiroXXcovce, to

7T€pl T7]V TO/JLTJV k'pyOV V7T€p(j)0)Velv B0K6L TCL NepcOVO?

Trdvra, rj yap Bidvoia 6pa<;, 009 /JueydXr)""

Bo/cei

fiev" €<j>r),

"/ca/jLOi, &> Adpu, to Be aTe\e9 avTrjs

Bca/3dXXec avTov, a>9 aTeXrj /lev aBovTa, aTeXr) Be

bpvTTOVTa. Ta toi aepgov dvaXeyopbevo^'eiraLvo}

tov avBpa, ov% otc tov 'RXXtjo-ttovtov eêvtjev,

dXX' otc Bieftt) avTov, Nepcova Be ovtc irXevcrov-

/juevov Bca tovy

lo-0/j,ov opco ovTe 69 Tepfia ttjs

opv^ris rjôvTa, Boicel Be/jloc

/cal <j)6/3ov fieerTOS

dva^coprjcrac T779 'E\\aSo9, el /nrj rj dXrjOeia

diroXwXev"

VIII

cap. \<bcKou£vov Be twos 69 YdBeipa aeTa TavTavm

twv tov9 Taêt9 BcaOeovTcov Bp6pbov^,Kal iceXevovTos

evayyeXcaOvecv TpccroXvfjL7rcovitcr]v~NepG)va aBovTas,

tcl fiev YdBeipa %vviec tyjs vikt]^ ical oti ev'

Ap/caBta

480

LIFE OF APOLLON1US, BOOK V

present, but you listened to him without enthusiasm,' chap.' You laughed/ or ' You did not clap your hands,'

vn

or ' You have not offered a sacrifice in behalf of his

voice nor prayed that it may be more splendid thanever at the Pythian festival.' You can imagine that

the Greeks will endure whole Iliads of woe at these

spectacles. For I have long ago learned by the revela-

tion of heaven that the Isthmus will be cut throughor will not be cut through, and just now, they say,it is being cut." Here Damis took him up and said :

" As for myself, O Apollonius, I think this scheme of

cutting through the Isthmus excels all other under-

takings of Nero, for you yourself see how magnificenta project it is." " I admit," he said, "that it is, ODamis

;but it will go against him that he never

could complete it, that just as he never finished his

songs, so he never finished his digging. When I

review the career of Xerxes, I am disposed to praisehim not because he bridged the Hellespont, but

because he got across it;but as for Nero, I perceive

that he will neither sail his ships through the

Isthmus, nor ever come to an end of his digging ;

and I believe, unless truth has wholly departed from

among men, that he will retire from Hellas in a fit

of panic."

VIII

At this time a swift runner arrived at Gadeira, and chap,ordered them to offer sacrifices for the good tidings,

vin

and to sing hymns in honour of Nero who had thricefmpreSions

won the prize at Olympia. In the city of Gadeirag.

1

^"*'*indeed they understood the meaning of the victory, victories

and that there had been some famous contest in

481

VOL. I. 1 I

gap. 77.9 eh] dyoDv ev86fci/jLO<;, eVetBr;, o>9 elirov, c\ ra

'E\\7)vwp airevBovaiv, at Be iroXeis al Trpoaoiicoi

rot? TaBelpois ovre eyiyvwaKov 6 ri etr) ra ÔXvpi-

iria, ovB> 6 to dycovta rj dycov, ovBe €0' orw Ovovglv,

dXX' dirriyovTO e? yeXoiovs, £ofa9 jroXepbov vc/crjv

rjyov/jLevoi ravra /cal on 6 Nepoov ypij/coi rivd<;

dvdpcoTrovs'QXv/jLTrLOVS' ovBe yap TpaycpBuas irorerj

KiOapcpBla? Oearal eyeyoveaav.

IX

cap. Tovs yovv ol/covvras ra "liroXa, ttoXis he /cd/celvrj

TScutikt], <f>7)(rlv6 Aa/u? iraOelv tl 7rpb<; rpaycoBLas

viroKpiTrjv, ov /cd/jbe ciûov €7rip,vr)o-0rjvar Ovovawv

yap roiv iroXewv Oafia eVl rats vi/caus, eireiBr) /cal

at Uvdi/cal rjBrj dirrjyyeXkovTO, rpayayBlas viro-

fcpirr)<;rcov ov/c d%iovfJLevwv dvraycovLêaOac tw

ISepwvi eirrjet ra? ecnrepLovs woXeis dyeipwv, /cal

rfj re^vy xpcofievos ^vBoKifiet irapa rols rjrrov

/3ap/3dpot<;, irpciiTov fiev Bi avrb to rj/ceiv Trap'

dv0pco7rov<;, ol /jLr}7TG) TpayayBlas rjKovaav, elr

eireiBr] ra? Neyowzô? fieXcpBias d/cpiftovv eâa/ce.

irapeXOwv Be e'9 ra "liroXa cfrofiepbs fxev avrols

etyalvero /cal ov eaMoira y^povov errl rf}<; o-/cr)vr\<$,

/cal opwvres ol avBpwiroi /3aBi£ovra p,ev avrbv

[leya, /ceyrjvora Be roaovrov, ecêarcora Be b/cpi-

482


Arcadia; for, as I said before, the people of Gadeira (MAPaffect Hellenic civilisation. But the cities in the vin

neighbourhood of Gadeira neither knew what the

Olympic festival was, nor what a contest nor anarena meant

;nor did they understand what they

were sacrificing for, but they indulged in the mostridiculous suppositions, and imagined that it was a

victory in war that Nero had won and that he hadtaken captive some men called Olympians ;

for theyhad never been spectators either of a tragedy or of a

harp-playing performance.

IX

Damis indeed speaks of the singular effect which chap.

a tragic actor produced upon the minds of theIX

inhabitants of Ipola, which is a city of Baetica, and tragic actor

I think the story is worthy of being reproduced byon the

me. The cities were multiplying their sacrifices in ipola

honour of the Emperor's victories, for those at the

Pythian festival were already announced, when an

actor of tragedy, who was one of those that hadnot ventured to contend for the prize against Nero,was on a strolling tour round the cities of the west,and by his histrionic talent he had won no small

fame among the less barbarous of the populations,for two reasons, firstly because he found himself

among people who had never before heard a tragedy,and secondly because he pretended exactly to

reproduce the melodies of Nero. But when he

appeared at Ipola, they showed some fear of himbefore he ever opened his lips upon the stage, and

they shrank in dismay at his appearance when they

483

cap. fiacriv ovtws vyjrrjXois TepaTcoBrj re to, nrepl avrbv

iaOrjixara, ovk acô/Soi rjaav rod o-yrj/iaTo^, eirel

Be ijjdpas frjv (frcovrjv yeycovbv i(j)6eyâTO, fyvyf) oi

irXelaToi QttyovTQ, cbaTrep vtto Bat/jbovos eôrjOevTe^.TOiavra pkv ra r)6y) tcov ravTj] ftapftdpcov teal

ovt(0s apyala.

CAP. %7TOvBt)V Be TTOiOVfJieVOV TOV T7)V T$aLTLK7)V ilTL-

TpOTrevovTOS e<? %vvovcriav tgS''

AiroXXcoviw eXOeiv,

6 fiev drjBels e^rj ras ^vvovaia^ Ta? eavrov

fyaiveatiai to?? /jlt) fyiXoaofyovaiv, 6 Be TrpocretceiTO

alroov tovto' eirel Be XprjaTOs re elvcu eXeyeTO /cat

hLaftefiXriiJLevos 7r/?o? tou? Nepcovo? fiifiovs, ypd$ei

7r/oo? avrbv eTnaroXrjv 6 'AttoXXoovlos, Xv e? tcl

TdBeipa eXOoi, 6 Be dfyeXcbv rbv t?}? o\py?)<$ oy/cov

£vv oXiyois /cal eavrS e7TLTr)BeLOTdT0i<; rjXOev.

do-7rao-djbi€VOL Be aWfJXou? koi /neTaaTrjo-d/jLevoi

tov? TTapovTds, o tl fiev BteXeÔrâav, ovBeis olBe,

T€/c/jLaip€rat Be 6 Aa/u? eirl Nepwva ^vfjb/3rjvac

crcfras. rpicbv yap r)/j,ep(ov IBia airovBdaavres, 6

fjuev diryeu TrepifiaXwv rbv 'AttoXXcovlov, 6 Be,tl V •>> if 1 c ( \ / « T) / £ " /

eppcocro, e(pr), Kai fjue/juvrjero rov dlvoikos. tl

Be tovto rjv ; eirl Nepcova ev'

Ayaia, aBovTa tcl

edvr) Ta ecnrepia XeyeTai Kivrjaat TM,vBi£, dvr\p olos

i/CTefieiv ra? vevpds, a? Nepcov dfjuadw*; eyjraXXe,

7rpo? yap to, crTpaTOTreBa, ol? eireTeTaKTO, XoyovtcaT avTod BtrjXOev, bv etc irdvv yevvalas (f)iXo-

croc^ta? eVt Tvpavvov av ti<$ irvevo-eiev ecfar) yap

484


saw him striding across the stage, with his mouth all chap.

agape, mounted on buskins extra high, and clad inIX

the most wonderful garments ; but when he lifted

up his voice and bellowed out loud, most of themtook to their heels, as if they had a demon yellingat them. Such and so old-fashioned are themanners of the barbarians of that country.

The governor of Baetica was very anxious to have chap.

a conversation with Apollonius, and though the

latter said that his conversation must seem tedious with the

to any but philosophers, the other insisted in hisBaetica°at°

f

demand. And as he was said to be a worthy person Gadeim

and to detest the mimes of Nero, Apollonius wroteto him a letter asking him to come to Gadeira

;and

he, divesting himself of all the pomp of authority,came with a few of his most intimate friends. Theygreeted one another, and no one knows what theysaid to one another in an interview from which theyexcluded the rest of the company ; but Damfchazards the opinion that they formed a plot together

against Nero. For after three days spent in private

conversations, the governor went away, after em-

bracing Apollonius, while the latter said :J' Farewell,and do not forget Vindex." Now what was the

meaning fof this ? When Nero was singing in

Achaea, Vindex is said to have stirred up againsthim the nations of the West, and he was a man

quite capable of cutting out the strings which Neroso ignorantly twanged. For he addressed a speech,

inspired by the loftiest sentiments which a mancan feel against a tyrant, to the troops which he

485

FLAVIUS PHJLOSTRATUS

cap. Nepcova elvai Trdvra fxaWov r) /ctOapcoBov teal

KiOapcoBbv fiaWov r) j3aat\ea. irpofyepeiv Be avTco

fiavlav fjiev /cal (^CKo^prj/jLariav /cal cofiOTrjTa ical

aaekyeiav iracrav, to Be co/jLOTCLtov tcov e/ceivov fir)

7rpo(f>ep€LV avTco- rr)v yap fjurfrepa ev Buzcy dire/CTO-

vevai, eireiBr) toiovtov ere/ce. ravr ovv go? carat

irpoyiyvcocriccov 6 'AttoWcovlos, ^vverarre tco WivBlkl

o/jbopov apypvTd, fiovovov^l owXa inrep rrjs 'Vcofirjs

TiOe/jievos.

XI

cap. QXeyfiaivovrcov Be tcov irepl rrjv ecnrepav, rpe-

irovrai to evTevOev eVt Atfivrjv teal Tvpprjvovs, /cal

tcl fiev ire^f) ftaBl&VTes, to, Be eirl irXoicov Tropevo-

fxevoi KaTicryovcrtv ev Sc/ceXta, ov to Ai.Xvfiacov.

TrapairXevaavTes Be eVl Mecrcrrjvrfv T€ /cal iropQfibv,

evda 6 Tvpprjvb?''

ABpla j~vfifidXXcov âXeir^v

epydôvTac ttjv ^KdpvpBtv, d/covcrai cpaacv, a>9

Nepcov fiev wecpevyoi, Tedvrj/coi Be BivBi%, cltttoivto

Be tj}? dpXV$ 0l pev e? avTr)s 'Ycofjurj^, 01 Be oiroBev

Tvyoi tcov idveov. epofievcov Be avTov tcov eTaipcov,

ol 7rpo/3r)croiTo TavTa /cal otov Xonrbv r) dpyi)

ecroLTO," 7roXXcov" elwe,

**®r)/3aicov." ttjv yap

ivyyv, rj 777)0? bXiyov BiTeXto? T€ /cat TdXfias /cal

QOcov ixpwavTO, ®r)/3aioi<; et/caaev, oc ^povov

/cofiiBr} ftpa^pv rj-Ôrfcrav e9 tcl tcov 'JLXXijvcov

7rpdy/jiaTa,

486


commanded, and he declared in it that Nero was chap.

anything rather than a harpist, and a harpist rather x

than a sovereign. And he taxed him with madnessand avarice and cruelty and wantonness of everykind, though he omitted to tax him with the

cruellest of his crimes;for he said that he had quite

rightly put to death his mother, because she hadborne such a monster. Apollonius, forecasting howall this must end, had accordingly brought into

line with Vindex the governor of a neighbouring

province, and so all but took up arms himself in

behalf of Rome.

XI

But as matters in the west were in such an inflamed chap.XI

condition Apollonius and his friends returned thencePredicts the

towards Libya and the Tyrrhenian land; and, partly short reigns

on foot and partly by sea, they made their way to Q^a^nd'Sicily, where they stopped at Lilybaeum. Then otho

'

they coasted along to Messina and to the Straits,

where the junction of the Tyrrhenian Sea with the

Adriatic gives rise to the dangers of Charybdis. Here

they say they heard that Nero had taken to flight,

though Vindex was dead; and that various claimants

were snatching at the throne, some from Romeitself, and others from various countries. Now whenhis companions asked him what would be the issue

of these events, and who would get possession, in

the end, of the throne, he answered : "Many Thebanswill have it." For he compared the pretenders,

namely, Vitellius and Galba and Otho, in view of the

short lease of power which they enjoyed, to Thebans,for it was only during a very short time that theyheld dominion over the Hellenic world.

487

XII

°xn' ® TL ^v y^P T^ TOiavTa Baifiovia Kivrjaei irpo-

eyiyvwaice, kcli ore to?9 yorjra top dvBpa rjyov-

fievois oi>x vyiaivei 6 \0709, BrjXol fiev /cat ra

elprjjjbeva, o~Ke-tyd>iLe6a Be /cdtcelva' ol yorjres,

rjyovfiai 8' avrovs iyoo KaKoBaifioveaTdrov^ av6-

pcoircov, ol fiev e? /3aadvov<; elBcoXcov %a)povvre<;, ol

S' €? dvarias fiapfidpovs, ol Be e'9 to erraaau 71 r)

dXeiijrai, fieTairoLelv (pao-i ra elpuapfieva, /cal

rroWol tovtcov icaTrjyopLais vira^OevTe^ ra

roiavra oopboXoyrjaav aocfrol elvcu. 6 Be etTrero

puev TOt9 etc Moipwv, irpovXeye Be, o>9 avdy/cr)

yeveaOai avrd, Trpoeylyvcoo'/ce Be ov yor/revcov,

aXX* ii; &v ol deol ecpaivov. IBcov Be itapa rots

'IvBoh TOU9 TpLTToBaS KCM TOV<; OtVo%OOf9 fCCil OCTd

avro/juara eacpotrdv etirov, ovff1

07T6)9 o~o<\)L^olvto

avrd, rjpero, ovr eBerjOrj jxaBelv, a\V eTryvei p,ev,

tprjXovv B' ovk rjgiov.

XIII

cap. 'AcpiKOfjuevcov Be avrcov e'9 t«9 ^vpaKovaas yvvr)XIII ~ > > i ~ /

-> / T ft i

tcov ovk acpavcov repas aTreKvrjaev, oiov ovttco e/nai-

ev07y rpels yap rw ftpecfreL Ke(j>aXal rjaav eg olfceia<;

efcdo-TT) Bepijs, rd Be eV avrals evbs irdvra. ol

fiev Br) irayews egrjyov/jLevoi rrjv SifceXiav ecfracrav,

rpivaKpla ydp, diroXelaOai, el /jltj ofiovorjaeie re

488


XII

That he was enabled to make such forecasts by some chap.

divine impulse, and that it is no sound inference toxn

infer, as some people Go, that our hero was a wizard, ^wizard*is clear from what I have already said. But let us con- because he

sider these facts : wizards, whom for my part I reckon the future

to be the most unfortunate of mankind, claim to alter

the course of destiny, by having recourse either to

the torture of lost spirits or to barbaric sacrifices, or to

certain incantations or anointings ; and many of themwhen accused of such practices have admitted that

they were adepts in such practices. But Apolloniussubmitted himself to the decrees of the Fates, and

only foretold that things must come to pass ;and his

foreknowledge was gained not by wizardry, but fromwhat the gods revealed to him. And when amongthe Indians he beheld their tripods and their dumbwaiters and other automata, which I described as

entering the room of their own accord, he did not

ask how they were contrived, nor did he ask to be

informed ;he only praised them, but did not aspire

to imitate them.

XIII

Now when they reached Syracuse a woman of a chap

leading family was brought to bed of such a monster XI11

as never any woman was delivered of before ;for her hcaded

child had three heads, and each head had a neck of^^^its own; but below them there was a single body, portends

Of the vulgar and stupid interpretations of this §£*£*prodigy, one was that it signified the impending ruin Pretenders

489

cap. /cat %v/jL7rv€V(Tei€V—

eaTCLcriaôv Be dpa iroXXal tcov

TToXeOJV 7T/30? 6CLVTtt? T€ KO.X 7T/00? dXXrjXaS KCLl TO

ev Koa/JLO) ^rjv airrjv ttj<; vtjgov— ol Be ecpaaav rov

Tv<pw, 7ro\vK€(f)a\ov Be elvai, vecorepa direiXelv rfj

Xc/ceXia, 6 Be'

AiroXX(ovio<;,"

i0i,n

e(f)7),

"co AdfM,

/cal icaTihe avro, el ovrco ^vyKenai" eê/ceiro yap

Brj/jLoaia rot? reparoXoyetv elBocnv, dirayyei\avTO<;

Be tov Ad/juBo<;, ox; rpi/cecpaXov ecr) teal dppev,

gvvayaycov tou? eralpovs,"Têt?," e<f>rj,

"'FcDfialoov

avTO/cpdropes, oft? eyeb irp(pr)V ®7)/3alovs ecprjv,

TeXeicoaei Be ovBels to apyeiv> dXX' ol fiev eV

avTTjs 'Pcofjurjs, 6 Be irepl rd o/Aopa rfj 'Fcd/jLT) Bvvrj-

s 6evre<; diroXovvrai, Oclttov dvofiaXovTes to irpoa-

(Direiov rj ol twv TpaywBthv rvpavvoi." /ecu 6 Xoyos

avTL/ca e? <£a)? rjXOe' TdXftas fiev yap eV auT%

'Poofirjs direOavev d-^rd/juevos t% dpyf\<$, diredave Be

real BireXios oveipoiroXrjO'a^ to apyew* "Odcov Be

Trepl tou9 eo-irrepiow; TaXdras diroOavwv ovBe

rdefrov XajXTrpov ejvyev, aXX' wenrep IBiwrrj^

/cetrar BieTrrrj Be rj rvyv ravra evl erei.

XIV

cap. TlopevOevTes Be iirl Jârdvrj<;, ov to 6po<; f)

Altvtj, Karavaicov /jlcv d/covaai <fiaaiv rjyovfievcov

499

LIFLIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V

of Sicily,—for it has three headlands,—unless the chap

inhabitants composed their feuds and could live xm

together in peace ;for as a matter of fact several

of the cities were at variance both with them-selves and with one another, and such a thingas orderly life was unknown in the island.

Another explanation was that Typho, a many-headed monster, was threatening Sicily with his

violence. But Apollonius said :"Go, O Damis,

and look if the child is really made up as they say."For the thing was exposed to public view for the

miracle-mongers to exercise their ingenuity upon it.

When Damis reported that it was a three-headed

creature and of the male sex, Apollonius got togetherhis companions and said :

" It signifies three emperorsof Rome, whom yesterday I called Thebans ; and not

one of them shall enjoy complete dominion, but twoof them shall perish after holding sway in Romeitself, and the third after doing so in the countries

bordering upon Rome;and they shall shuffle off

their masks more quickly than if they were tragicactors playing the part of tyrant." And the truth

of his statement was almost immediately revealed ;

for Galba died in Rome itself, just after he graspedthe crown, and Vitellius died after only dreaming of

the crown, and Otho died in Western Galatia, and

was not even accorded a public funeral, but lies

buried like any private person. And the whole

episode was past and over within a single year.

XIV

Next they came to Catana, where is Mount Etna ; chap.

and they say that they heard from the inhabitants of XIV

491

cap. rbv Tvcpw BeBeaOat e/cel /cal irvp e'£ avrov avla-

raaOai, b rv$ei rr)v Atrvr/v, avrol 8* e? TnOavco-

repov? a<$iK€<j6ai Xoyovs /cal Trpocrrj/covras rot?

(fuXoaocfrouaiv. dpât 6" avrcov rbv'

AttoXXcovwv

wBe epopbevov tol>? eraipov^,"eari ri puvOoXoyia"

"vrj AC," elrrev 6 Mevnnros,

"rjv ye ol Trotrjral

eiraivovair " rbv Be Br) Atawirov ri r)yfj;"

"fjbvdoXoyov," 6t7r€, "iccii Xoyorroibv irdvra."

"irorepoi Be crocpol rwv puvdcov;" "ol twv rroir)-

twv," elirev,"

eireiBr) 009 yeyovores aBovrat""

ol Be Brj AIo-cottov ri ;

" "/3drpaôi,

,y

e(f)r),

"/cal ovoi /cal Xr)poi ypavalv oloc paadaOai

/cal TraiBiois?'"

/cal pbrjv," e(j)7j,

"epuoi," 6 'AttoX-

Xoovws,"

eTrirrjBeiorepoi, irpb<; aofyiav ol rov

Alcrct)7rov <$aivovrar ol p,ev yap rrepl rou? rjpeoas,

ojv TrotrjTiKT) iraaa eêrai, /cal BiacfrOeipovai tou?

aKpocopuevovs, eireiBr) epcords re cltottovs ol rrovqral

epp/rjvevovo-i /cal dBeXcpcov ydpuovs /cal BiaftoXds e'?

deovs /cal fipoocreis iraiBcov /cal iravovpyias dveX-

evOepovs /cal Bi/cas, /cal to &>? yeyovbs avrwv dyei

/cal rbv epwvra /cal rbv ^rjXorvTrovvra ical rbv

eTTiOvpLOvvra irXovrelv r) rvpavveveiv e'<£' direp ol

puvOoi, Al/

<TCt)7T09 Be vtto aocpias irpwrov puev ov/c e'?

to kolvov twv ravra aBovrcov eavrbv /carearrjerev,

492


the city a story about Typho being bound on the chap.

spot and about fire rising from him, and this fireXIV

sends up the smoke l of Etna ; but they themselves J£pion

came to more plausible conclusions and more in keep-ing with philosophy. And they say that Apollonius

began the discussion by asking his companions :

"Is there such a thing as mythology ?" "

Yes, byZeus," answered Menippus,

" and I mean by it

that which furnishes poets with their themes.""What then do you think of Aesop?" "He is a

mythologist and writer of fables and no more."" And which set of myths show any talent ?

"

"Those of the poets," he answered, "because

they are represented in the poems as havingtaken place."

" And what then do you thinkof the stories of Aesop ?

""Frogs," he answered,

" and donkeys and nonsense only fit to be swallowed

by old women and children." "And yet for myown part," said Apollonius,

" I find them moreconducive to wisdom than the others. For those

others, of which all poetry is so fond, and whichdeal with heroes, positively destroy the souls of their

hearers, because the poet relates stories of outlandish

passion and of incestuous marriages, and repeatscalumnies against the gods, of how they ate their ownchildren, and committed crimes of meanness, and

quarrelled with one another; and the affectation

and pretence of reality leads passionate and jealous

people and miserlike and ambitious persons to imitate

the stories. Aesop on the other hand had in the first

place the wisdom never to identify himself with

those who put such stories into verse, but took a line

1 There is a pun in the Greek between Typhd = Typhonand typho = to smoke.

493

cap. dXX* eavrov riva 6Bbv erpdwero, elra, (ocnrep ol

T0Z9 evreXearepocs fipco/jLacn /caXws eartcovre*;, dirb

GfU/cpGov TTpay/judroyv BiBda/ceu fieydXa, /cal irpo-

0€/jL€vo<; rbv Xoyov errdyet avra> to irpdrre rj fir}

irpdrre, elra rov cf>LXaX7]dov<; fiaXXov r) ol iroiriral

rjyjraro' ol fiev yap ftidôvrai TtiQavovs (palveaOaLtovs eavrwv Xoyov?, 6 6° eirayyeXXcov \6yov, 09

ean tyevBfjs, 7ra? olBev on, avrb rb fir) rrepl

dXrjOivwv ipelv dXrjOevei. /cal 6 fiev TroLrjrr)^

elircbv rbv eavrov Xoyov KaraXeiirei tw vyialvovri

d/cpoarij ftacravlêiv avrov, el eyevero, 6 Be elirwv

fiev yfrevBr) Xoyov, errayayd>v Be vovOeaiav, tbcnrep

6 Klo-wTTos, Bei/cvvcriv &>9 e? to ypfjoifiov rr}<;

dicpodaew tw \frevBei /ceyprfrai. yapiev S' avrov

to /cal rd aXoya rjBico epydêadai /cal OTrovBrjs

d^ta tols dvOpamoLS, e/c iraiBxov yap rots Xoyoistovtois ^vyyevbfxevoi /cal vrr' avrcov e/cvr]7rc(o0evre<;,

Boljas dvaXafiffdvofiev irepl e/cdarov rwv ^gkov,

rd fiev o!)9 /3ao~cXi,/ca ecrj, rd Be 009 evrfdr),

rd Be co? Kopb"^rd, rd Be a>9 d/cepaia, /cal 6 fiev

iroirirrfs elird>v

iroXXal fiop<j>al rcov Baifiovicov1

rj roiovrb ri erriyppevoas drrr)X6ev, 6 Be AiaeoTros

eiriy^prfGfioiBrfaa^ rbv eavrov Xoyov /caraXvei rr)v

%vvovalav 69 irpovOero.

1Eurip. Alcestis, last line.

494


of his own; and in the second, like those who can CHAPdine well off the plainest dishes, he made use of XIV

humble incidents to teach great truths, and after

telling a story he adds to it the advice to do a thing or

not to do it. Then, too, he was really more attachedto truth than the poets are ; for the latter doviolence to fheir own stories in order to make them

probable ;but he by announcing a story which

everyone knows not to be true, told the truth by the

very fact that he did not claim to be relating real

events. And the poet, after telling his story, leaves

a healthy-minded reader cudgelling his brains to

know whether it really happened ; whereas one who,like Aesop, tells a story which is false and does not

pretend to be anything else, merely investing it with

a good moral, shows that he has made use of the

falsehood merely for its utility to his audience. Arid

there is another charm about him, namely, that he

puts animals in a pleasing light and makes them

interesting to mankind. For after being brought upfrom childhood with these stories, and after being as

it were nursed by them from babyhood, we acquirecertain opinions of the several animals and think of

some of them as royal animals, of others as silly, of

others as witty, of others as innocent. And whereas

the poet, after telling us that there are 'manyforms of heavenly visitation' or something of the

kind, dismisses his chorus and departs, Aesop adds an

oracle to his story, and dismisses his hearers justas they reach the conclusion he wished to lead

them up to.

495

XV

cap. "'EyLte Be, a> MevLTnre, kclI jjlvOov irepl 7-779 klawirov

<ro(f>ias eBiBdâro rj ^rrjp /cofiiSf} vrjiriov, o>? elrj

jMEV 7T0T6 7TOl/jLr)V 6 AlaWTTOS, VepLOL Be 7T/509 Up(pr

Epfiov, aortas Be epcprj ical evôiro avrw inrep

rovrov, ttoWoI Be teal erepoi ravrbv alrovvre?

iiTL<^0LT(pev to) 'ILppLj}, 6 fiev y^pvabv, 6 8* dpyvpov,

6 Be fcrjpv/ceiov eXecpdvnvov, 6 Be twv ovtco tl

\afjb7rpcov avaiTT(ov, 6 8* Klawrros e%ot pev ovtws,

a>9 firjBev to)v tocovtcov eyeiv, (fieuBoiro Be ical oyv

€^X€ > yd\a/CTO<; Be avTca airevBoi, oaov ol? dp,e\/

)^-

delaa eBLBov /cal Kiqpiov eirl rbv ftcopbv cfrepoi, oaov

rrjv %elpa epL7rXrjaac, earidv 8* avrbv kclI pbvprois

(pero ical Trapadels av rcov poBcov r) ra>v I'cov

/copLcBfj okiya." ri yap Bel, &>

r

Eppbfj" e\eye,"are<pdvov<; irXeiceiv fcal dpueXeiv rwv 7rpo/3dT(0v"

a>9 Be dcpi/covTO 69 prjTrjv rjpLepav €7rl rrjv 7-779

aortas Biavopbrjv, 6 puev 'EippLr}? are Xoytos fcal

/cepB&os," av puev" ecprj,

"(f)iXoao(f>iav e%e," tw

irXelara BrjirovOev dvaOevrt," av Be 69 prjropoov

rjdrj yu>pei, tg> Bevrepd ttov %apiaapLev(p," aol Be

darpovo/jbelv ôopa, aol Be elvai p,ovairca>, aol Be

r\p(pov TTOLrjrfj puerpov, aol Be lapbfieiov" eirel Be

496


XV

" And as for myself, O Menippus, my mother chap.

taught me a story about the wisdom of Aesop when xv

I was a mere child, and told me that he was once a AeSpaudshepherd, and was tending his flocks hard by a Hermes

temple of Hermes, and that he was a passionatelover of wisdom and prayed to Hermes that he

might receive it. Many other people, she said, also

resorted to the temple of Hermes asking for the same

gift, and one of them would hang on the altar gold,another silver, another a herald's wand of ivory,and others other rich presents of the kind. NowAesop, she said, was not in a position to own any of

these things ;but he saved up what he had, and

poured a libation of as much milk as a sheep would

give at one milking in honour of Hermes, and

brought a honeycomb and laid it on the altar, big

enough to fill the hand, and he thought of regalingthe god with myrtle berries, or perhaps by laying

just a few roses or violets at the altar.'

For/ said

he,e would you, O Hermes, have me weave crowns

for you and neglect my sheep ?' Now when on

the appointed day they arrived for the distribution

of the gifts of wisdom, Hermes as the god of

wisdom and eloquence and also of rewards, said to

him who, as you may well suppose, had made the

biggest offering :' Here is philosophy for you

'

;and

to him who had made the next handsomest present,he said :

' Do you take your place among the orators' ;

and to others he said :' You siiall have the gift of

astronomy or you shall be a musician, or you shall be

an epic poet and write in heroic metre, or you shall

497

VOL, T. K K

cap. kclltoi Xoyiooraros cov, Karavakcoaev a/cwv airavraXV

ra rrj? (pt\o<ro(j)La<; p<epy, zeal eXadev eavTov

6K7T€aa)V TOV Ala(O7T0V, £v0VjJL€LTCU TCL? "QpCLS, V(f)'

o)v avrbs iv fcopv<f)al<; rod ÔXv^jlttov irpdepr), <&<?

iv (nrapydvois irore avrq> ovtl pJvdov Bie\6ovaai

irepl Tr}$ ySoo?, bv BteXeÔrj tw dvOpajircp tj y8o0?

virep eavTrjs re fcal t/}9 yrjs, e'9 epcora avrbv t&v

tov'

AttoXXcovos fiowv /caTecrTrjaav, fcal BiBwcnv

evrevOev ttjv puvOoXoyiav t&> AIo-ojttoj, Xoitttjv iv

cro^)ta? oXkco ovcav,"

ejê," eiircov," a nrpcora efia-

OovT at fiev Brj 7roXXal p,op(f>al T/79 re^vr]?

ivOevBe d(f)LK0VT0 rep Alo~(t)7r(p, real ToiovBe dire^rf

to T779 puvdoXoyias irpdy/JLa.

XVI

Cap. ""Io-ftJsS' clvotjtov eiraOov eTTLa-Tpe-^raL yap v/xa?

SiavorjOels e'9 Xoyov<; (pvai/ccoTepovs re /col aXrj-

6eo-T6povs wv ol ttoXXoI irepl Trjs Altvtjs aBovatv,

O.VT09 69 eiraivov fivdcdv d r

n'qvi')(0r)v,ov pnw adapts

7] infioXy tov Xoyov yeyovev 6 yap jjlvOos, ov

TrapatTOVfJieOa, ov tow AIocottov Xoycov ear'tv,

dXXd tcov Bpa/jbaTiKcoTepcov Kal mv ol irotrjTal

OpvXovatv' eicelvoi fiev yap Tvcj)(o Tiva r) 'Ey/ce-

XaBov BeBeaOai cf>aalv virb T<p bpei Kal Bvadava-

TovvTa aaOfiaiveiv to irvp tovto, iyo) Be yiyavTas

498


be a writer of iambics.' Now although he was a most chap.

wise and accomplished god he exhausted, notxv

meaning to do so, all the various departments of

wisdom, and then found that he had quite

forgotten Aesop. Thereupon he remembered the

Hours, by whom he himself had been nurturedon the peaks of Olympus, and bethought him of

how once, when he was still in swaddling clothes,

they had* told him a story about the cow, which hada conversation with the man about herself and aboutthe earth, and so set him aflame after the cows of

Apollo. Accordingly he forthwith bestowed uponAesop the art of fable called mythology, for that wasall that was left in the house of wisdom, and said :

Do you keep what was the first thing 1 learnt

myself.' Aesop then acquired the various forms of

his art from that source, and the issue was such as

we see in the matter of mythology.

XVI

" Perhaps I have done a foolish thing," went on chap.

Apollonius," for it was my intention to recall you to XVI

more scientific and truer explanations than the ^J.™,*11*

poetical myths given by the vulgar of Etna ; and I

have let myself be drawn into a eulogy of myths.However, the digression has not been without a

charm of its own, for the myth which we repudiateis not one of Aesop's stories, but belongs to the class

of dramatic stories which fill the mouths of our poets.For they say that a certain Typho or Enceladus lies

bound under the mountain, and in his death agonybreathes out this fire that we see. Now I admit that

499

k k 2

cap. jxev yeyovevai <f>r]/j,l,/cal iroWayov rr)^ yfj? dva-

BeiKvvadac rocavrl acop,ara payevrcov roiv rdcpcov,

ov firjv 69 dywva e\6elv rots Oeols, aX)C vfipiaai

fiev rdya e? rov<; vecos avr6)v /cal rd eBrj, ovpavfi)

Be €7rnrr)Br)o~aL /cal p>r) ^vyywpelv rols 6eol<; eVavrov elvac, fiavia fiev Xeyeiv, ixavia Be oteaOai.

teal fir/Be e/celvos 6 X0709 tcatroi, Bo/ccov evcfyrjfjLOTepos

elvat TLfidcrOay, ct>9 'Hcfyaiara) fieXet, rod yak/ceveiv

ev rfj AtTvy, teal KrvireZrai t*9 evravOa vnr avrov

d/cficov, TroXkd <ydp /cal aXka opt] iroXka'Xpv rr)s

7779 efnrvpa teal ovk av (f>0dvoi/jLev iiri^rjjjLi^ovref;

avroi? ytyavras /calr

Ji<f>aio-TOV<;.

XVII

cap. "Tt? ovv r)

tcov roecovBe opoiv aWia ; yr) /cpaatv

dcr(j>d\TOV /cal deiov irapeyop,evr) rv(j)erai fiev ical

irap eawr)^ (pvaei, irvp B* ovirw e/cBLBwo-iv, el Be

o-r)payyd)Br)<; rvyoe /cal vitoBpa/xoi avrrjv irvev/xa,

(ppv/crbv 7]Bt) alpei. irkeoveKT^aaaa Be r) cf>\6^,

0)(i7rep to vBoyp, diroppeZ rcov opcov /cal €9 rd ireBia

e/c%eiTai, "XPpeZ re eirl OdXarrav irvp ddpoov

e/c/3o\d<$ iroiovp.evov, olai roov 7rora/JL(bv elai. %w^09

B' Evcrefiwv, trepl ot>9 to irvp eppvr/, Xeyeadco fiev

tcdvravOd res, r]ycofie6a Be toIs ocna trpdrroven

500


giants have existed, and that gigantic bodies are chap.revealed all over; earth when tombs are broken XVI

open ; nevertheless I deny that they ever came intoconflict with. the gods; at the most they violatedtheir temples and statues, and to suppose that theyscaled the heaven and chased away the gods there-

from,—this it is madness to relate and madness to

believe. Nor can I any more respect that other

story, though it is more reverent in its tone, to theeffect that Hephaestus attends to his forge in Etna,and that there is there an anvil on which hesmites with his hammer

;for there are many other

mountains all over the earth that are on fire, and

yet we should never be so rash as to assign to themgiants and gods like Hephaestus.

XVII

" What then is the explanation of such mountains? chap.

It is this : the earth by affording a mixture of xvn

asphalt and pitch, begins to smoke of its own nature, o^voiolnoes

but it does not yet belch out fire;

if however it becavernous and hollow and there be a spirit or force

circulating underneath it, it at once sends up into

the air as it were a torch ; this flame gathers force,

and gets hold of all around, and then like water it

streams off the mountains and flows out into the

plains, and the mass of fire reaches the sea, formingmouths, out of which it issues, like the mouths of

rivers. And as for the place of the Pious Ones,around whom the fire flowed, we will allow that such

exists even here ; but at the same time let us not

forget that the whole earth affords secure ground

5°1

cap. yr/v fiev iracrav do~(f)aXr} y&pov elvai, OdXarrav 8'

evrropov ov nrXeovat /uovov, dXXa kcu velv Treipw-

fievois" del yap tovs Xoyovs dveiravev is ra xprjaratwv irapayyeXfidrcav.

XVIII

cap. ^/jb(bt\o(TO(b7]cra<; Be rrj %ifceX[a ypovov, 09 diro-

Xpcoaav avra) o-irovor\v eiyev, €7rt ty)v hjXXaba

e/co/niêro irepl dp/CTOvpov eiTLToXd*;. dXvirov Be

rov irXov yevofievov Karaa^cbv €9 AevicdBa,"diro-

j&w/xezV e<j>7],

"rf}<; vea)<; ravrr)<;, ov yap Xwov

avrfj 69*

kyaiav TrXevaat." irpoae'XpvTos Be ovBe-

1/09 Tft) Xoyqy irXrjv rwv yiyvcoGKovTcnv rov dvBpa,avrb<; p>ev eirl AevtcaBuas vecbs 6/jlov tois ftovXo-

fievois IgvpnrXelv e'9 Aeyaiov Kareaêv, rj Be vavs

f) XvpaKovala /careBv ecnrXeovaa rov KpoaalpvtcoXirov.

XIX

cap. Mf77#ei9 S* *K6r)vr](Ti,v, ifxvei £' avrbv lepo(f)dv-XIX AJ\« /J / >/Trjs, ov avros to) Trporepw eirepbavTevaaro, evervêtcaX Ar]p,r)TpL(p tw (f>LXoa6(pa), fiera yap to N&pwvo?ftaXavelov Kal a eir a\JTW elire, Biyraro *K6r)vr}o~iv

6 Arj/jLrJTpios ovrco yevvaicos, &>9 firjBe rov \povov,ov Nepwv irepl rov? dycovas vfiptêv, eêXOelv TrJ9

'KXXdBos. e/celvos teal Movacovta) efyaaicev evrerv-

\v)icevai irepl rov 'laOfJbbv BeBe/xeva) re Kal tceice-

502


for the doers of holiness, and that the sea is safely chap.traversed not only by people in ships but even XViI

by people attempting to swim." For in this wayhe continually ended up his discourses with useful

and pious exhortations.

XVIII

He stayed in Sicily and taught philosophy there chap.

as long as he had sufficient interest in doing so, andxvin

then repaired to Greece about the rising of Arcturus. mSt^fltl "

After a pleasant sail he arrived at Leucas, where he shipwreck

said :" Let us get out of this ship, for it is better

not to continue in it our voyage to Achaea." Noone took any notice of the utterance except those

who knew the sage well, but he himself togetherwith those who desired to make the voyage withhim embarked on a Leucadian ship, and reached the

port of Lechaeum;

meanwhile the Syracusan shipsank as it entered the Crisaean Gulf.

XIX

At Athens he was initiated and by the same chap.

hierophant of whom he had delivered a prophecy to

his predecessor ;here he met Demetrius the philo-

sopher, for after the episode of Nero's bath and of his

speech about it, Demetrius continued to live at

Athens, with such noble courage that he did not

quit Greece even during the period when Nero was

outraging Greece over the games. Demetrius said

that he had fallen in with Musonius at the Isthmus,

5°3

XIX

cap.Xevcrpuevcp opvrreiv, koX avrbs fiev eTrevfaipbijo-aL

ra eiKora, rov oe e^crvat, t?79 apuivvr]^ kcli eppco-

puevox; rfj yfj ipuftdWeiv, dva/cvyfravra Be," Xvirw

ere," <f>dvai,"

Si ArjputfrpLe, rov 'laOpibv opvrrwv rfj

'KXXdBt, ; el Be /cal Ki6ap<pBovvrd pie elBes, wairep

Nepodva, to av eiraOes ;" teal edada) ra Movaooviov

irXeiw ovtcl /ecu Oavpiaatcarepa, &>9 purj Bokoltjv

Opao-vveaOai 737)09 rov dp,eXco<; avra eoTrovra.

XX

cap. Xeipudo-as 8''

AiroXXoovlos ev rols 'FtXXrjvifcois

lepols Tracjiv elye.70 t% eir Alyvirrov 6Bov irepl

eap, iroXXa puev eTTLTrXrjâs, iroXXa he <rvp,/3ov-

Xevaa^ rals iroXeai, ttoXXcov Be e? eiraivov tcara-

ards, ovBe yap eiraivov direiêTO, oirore 11 vyiw<;

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yap avrrjv ayeiv. epopievov Be rov'

AttoXX(oviov ,

"tmkjp (j)6pTO$""Oecov," €<j>V>

"dydXpuara dirdya)

e'9 'Icoviav, ra puev y^pvGov /cal XiOov, ra Be eXe-

(fyavros /cal y^pvaovT"

iBpvo~6pLevo<; rj tlT"

cltto-

Bwaopievo^^ ecprj,"tois ftovXopLevois IBpveaOai.^

"BeBias ovv, cb Xwo-re, pur) o-vXiâwpuev ra dydX-

piara ev rfj vr}i"" ov toOto," ecprj,

"BeBia, to

5°4


where he was fettered and under orders to dig ;he chap.

consoled him as best he could with better hopes forXIX

the future, but Musonius took his spade and stoutly

dug it into the earth, and then looking up, said :" You

are distressed, Demetrius, to see me digging throughthe Isthmus for Greece ; but if you saw me playingthe harp like Nero, what would you feel then ?

"But

I must pass over the fortunes of Musonius, thoughthey were many and remarkable, else I shall seem

impertinent like one who has carelessly repeatedthem.

XX

Apollonius spent the winter in various Hellenic chap.

temples, and towards spring he embarked on the xx

road for Egypt, after administering many rebukes S?exportindeed, yet giving much good counsel to the cities,

of s^8

many of which won his approval, for he never refused

praise when anything was done in a right andsensible way. When he descended to the Piraeus,

he found a ship riding there with its sails set, justabout to start for Ionia ; but the owner would not

allow him to embark, for he wished to go on a privatecruise. Apollonius asked him what his freight con-

sisted of." Of gods," he replied,

" whose images I

am exporting to Ionia, some made of gold and stone,

and others of ivory and gold."" And are you going to

dedicate them or what ?" "I am going to sell them,"

he replied," to those who desire to dedicate them."" Then you are afraid, my most excellent man, lest weshould steal your images on board ship ?

" "I amnot afraid of that," he answered,

u but I do not think

50S

cap. Be TrXeiocn ^vpuTrXelv avra teal 6fii\ia$ dvairlpb-

TrXaadai cpavXov BiaiTr]^ re, onoar) vavTiterj,

Becvbv rjyovfjiai""

teal pirjv, to /SeA/Tvere," elire,"

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al<; €7rl tov<z fiapfidpovs iypâaaOe, kclltoi

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deol £vv vfuv teal ovte coovtovcf>' vpucov ypalve-

a$ai, ait Be dfiadtos ovtcos aircoOrj t?}? veco<;

cpiXoaocpovs avSpas, ols fidXiara ol Oeol yalpovai,teal ravra epnropiav tovs 0eov<; 7re7rocrjfievo<;;

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rovpyd, vXrjv re irapaTiOifievov dpyov, ev avTol?

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tcl 'Tpteavi/ed re teal XtevOi/ed, direii) Be elirelv

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teal <T7T€p/jLo\oyovo~iv evioi tcov dvQptoircov, ifjatyd-

fievoi ti Atf/jLTjTpos r) Aiovvaov ayaXpua, teal

TpecpeaOal cpaaiv vtto tcov Oecov 01)9 c\>epovai, to

B* avTovs aiTeladai tovs Oeov? teal pLrjB' epL7rl-

irXaaOai tovtov, Beivfjs epnropiav, eliroipbi B' av

teal dvoias, el purjBev etc tovtov BeBoiteas" TOiavia

eirnrXâ^ eirl ve<b<$ eTepas eirXei,

506


it proper that they should have to share the voyage chap.with so many people and be defiled by such bad xx

company as you get on board ship."" And may I

remind you, most worthy man," answered Apollonius,"for*.you appear to me to be an Athenian, that on

the ships which your countrynen employed againstthe barbarians, although they were full of a disorderlynaval crowd, the gods embarked along with them,

yet had no suspicion of being polluted thereby ;

you however in your gross ignorance drive men whoare lovers of wisdom out of your ship, in whose com-

pany as in that of none others the gods delight, andthis although you are trafficking in the gods? Butthe image-makers of old behaved not in this way,nor did they go round the cities selling their gods.All they did was to export their own hands and their

tools for working stone and ivory ;and they provided

the raw materials and plied their handicraft in the

temples themselves;but you are leading the gods

into harbours and market places just as if theywere wares * of the Hyrcanians and of the Scythians—far be it from me to name these—and do youthink you are doing no impiety? It is true that

there are babbling buffoons who hang upon their

persons images of Demeter or Dionysus, and pretendthat they are nurtured by the gods they carry j

but

as for feeding on the gods themselves as you do,

without ever being surfeited on this diet, that is a

horrible commerce and one, I should say, savouring of

unmanliness, even if you have no misgivings of yourown about the consequences." Having administered

this rebuke he took his passage on another ship.

1Probably temple slaves or prostitutes.

507

XXI

^^' KarairXevaa*; Be e? rrjv Xlov, teal /jurjBe tov iroBa

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ecrirovBaaev ev rfj 'PoSgt irpoawvra avrbv tc5 tov

KoXoaaov dydX/narc rjpero 6 Adfiis, Tt rjyotTO

etceuvov /jlcIôv; 6 Be elirev"dvBpa cfriXoo-ocpovvTa

vyiG)<$ T€ teal dBoXcos" eire^copiaê tots rfj 'PoBcp

Kdvos avXrjTrjs, 09 cipiara Brj dvOpcoircov eBoteei

avXelv. tcaXecras ovv avrov,"ti," e(pr),

"6 avXrjTrjs

epydêrat ;

" " irdv" elirev,"oirep av 6 dtcpoarr}<;

fiovXrjrai""

teal jultjv iroXXol," ecj)r),

"rcov dtcpoco-

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ew irXovo~Lov<$ ovv dirofyaLveis, 01)9 civ eiriQv-

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"C09

eflovXo/jLTjv dvT"

ti 8'; eveiBels epydfy tovs veovs

ro)V dtcpoarcbv; eireiBrj /caXol ftovXovrai Botcelv

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ecprj," KaiToi irXelarov d^poBirt]^ . eywv ev tc5

avXw." "ri ovv eaTiv," elirev,

"b tov dtcpoarrjv

rjyfj {3ovXeo-0ai""rl Be aXXo ye," rj B* 6 Kdvos,

508


XXI

And when he had sailed as far as Chios, without chap.

even setting foot on the shore, he leapt across intoXXI

another ship hard by, which was advertised to go to Rhodes?

Rhodes ; and without a word his companions jumped discussion

after him, for it was an essential part of their playing

philosophic discipline to imitate his every word andaction. With a favourable wind he made the

passage and held the following conversation in

Rhodes. As he approached the image of the

Colossus, Damis asked him, if he thought anythingcould be greater than that

; and he replied: "Yes,a man who loves wisdom in a sound and innocent

spirit." At that time Canus was living in Rhodes,who was esteemed to be the best of all flute-playersof his age. He therefore called him and said :

"What is the business of a, flute-player ?

" "Todo," replied the other, "everything which his

audience wants him to." "Well, but many,"replied Apollonius,

" in the audience want to berich rather than to hear a flute played ;

I gatherthen that when you find them desiring this, namelyto be rich, you turn them into rich men." " Not at

all," replied the other, "though I would like to do

so." "Well, then, perhaps you make the youngpeople in your audience good-looking ? For all whoare still enjoying youth wish to be handsome."

"Nor that either," replied the other, "althoughI can play many an air of Aphrodite on myinstrument." "What then is it," said Apollonius," which you think your audience want ?

" " Why,what else," replied Canus, "except that the mourner

5o9

cap. "^ jov Xvirovpuevov p,ev KOLpblêaOai avrd) T7)V

\V7T7]V V7TO TOV ClvXoV, TOV he yjXlpOVTa iXapCOTepOV

eavrov yiyvecdai, rbv he epcovra Oeppuorepov, rbv

he <f)i\o0VT7]v ivdecorepov re Kal vpbvoahTi;"" tovto

ow," e<j)7),

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av\bs hid rb ^pvaov re Kal 6pei%aktcov Kal

e\d(f)cov fcvtf/jLT)*; %vyKelo~dai, ol he /cal ov(ov, rj erepov

eariv, o ravra bvvarai; erepov, e<prj,(o Atto\-

Xoovie' 7) ydp pLOvaiKr) Kal ol rporroi Kal rb dvapltj

Kal to evperdj3oXov rfj<; avXr)o~e(o<; teal ra

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p,brret Kal ra? yfrv^d^ epydêrat, a<p(ov, oiroia^

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rov<$ evêtpd^ eari pdXXov. el hrj ravra irdvra

5io


may have his sorrow lulled to sleep by the flute, and chap.

that they that rejoiee may have their cheerfulness XXI

enhanced, and the lover may wax warmer in his

passion, and that the lover of sacrifice may becomemore inspired and full of sacred song ?

" " This

then," he said, "O Canus, would you allow to bethe effect of the flute itself, because it is constructed

of gold or brass and of the shin of a stag, or perhapsof the shin of a donkey, or is it something else

which has these effects ?" " It is something else,"

he replied," O Apollonius ;

for the music and the

airs and the blending of strains and the easyvariations of the flute and the characters of the

harmonies, it is all this that composes the souls of

listeners and brings them to such a state of content-

ment as they want." "I understand," he replied,

" O Canus, what it is that your art performs ;for

you cultivate and exhibit to those who come to hear

you the changefulness of your music and the varietyof its modes. But as for myself, I think that yourflute wants other resources in addition to those youhave mentioned, namely plenty of breath, and a

right use of the lips, and manual skill on the partof the player ;

and facility of breath consists in

its being clear and distinct, unmarred by anyhusky click in the throat, for that would rob the

sound of its musical character. And facility with

the lips consists in their taking in the reed of the

flute and playing without blowing out the cheeks ;

and manual skill I consider very important, for the

wrist must not weary from being bent, nor must the

fingers be slow in fluttering over the notes, and

manual skill is especially shown in the swift

transition from mode to mode. If then you have

5"

cap. Trapeses, Oappwv avXec, a> Kdve, fierd aov yap i)XXIi? » / v »hivrepirri earai.

XXII

cap. 'Etvy^oW Tt /cat fjLeipdfCiov veoirXovrov re /cal

drraiBevrov oi/coBopLovfievov oltciav riva ev rfj 'PoSa),

/cal tjv/ACpepov e? avrrjv ypa<pds re TroacLXas /cal

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^pfj/juara €lt) €? BtBacr/cdXov9 re /cal rraiBelav

avr/Xco/cos' 6 Be," ovBe 8pa%pLrjv" elirev.

"e'9 Be

rr)v oltciav Trocra ;

" " BcoBe/ca"e'^77,

"rdXavra,

TrpocravaXcDO-aifu £' av /cal erepa roaavra." "rl

, ecirev, r)oi/cua povXerai aot, ; otaira,

e(f)7],

"Xapurpa earai to3 acb/jLari, /cal yap Bpofioi

ev avrfj /cal aXcrrj /cal oXiya e'9 dyopav /3a8iovp,at,

/cal irpoaepovai fie ol iaiovres tjBlov, coairep 69

lepbv <j)oiT<t)VTe<;""

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avOpcoTToc rrorepov Bl avrov? elaiv r) Bid ra irepl

avrovs ovra ;

" " Bed rbv ttXovtov" elire," ra yap

Xprj/juara irXelarov Ic^vei?"

xprj/judrcov 8'," ecprj,"

&> /j,€ipd/ciov, d/xelvcov <f>vXa^ rrbrepov 6 ireTrai-

Bevpuevo^ earac rj 6 aTraiBevros ;

"eVet Be eaicoTrrjae,

"Bo/cels fioi" elrre,

"pueipd/ciov, ov o~v rrjv ol/clav,

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ayaXpua eXecpavros re /cal xpvaov lBoi/jli r) ev

fieydXw Kepa/xeovv re /cal fyavXov."

512


all these facilities, you may play with confidence, CHAP.O Canus, for the Muse Euterpe will be with xxl

you."

XXII

It happened also that a young man was building chap.

a house in Rhodes who was a nouveau riche without

any education, and he collected in his house rare rich upstart

pictures and gems from different countries.

Apollonius then asked him how much money he had

spent upon teachers and on education. " Not a

farthing," he replied." And how much upon your

house ?" " Twelve talents," he replied,

" and I

mean to spend as much again upon it."" And

what," said the other, "is the good of your house to

you ?" "

Why, as a residence, it is splendidlysuited to my bodily needs, for there are colonnades

in it and groves, and I shall seldom need to walkout into the market place, but people will comein and talk to me with all the more pleasure, justas if they were visiting a temple." "And," said

Apollonius," are men to be valued more for them-

selves or for their belongings ?" " For their wealth,"

said the other, "for wealth has the most influence.""And," said Apollonius,

"my good youth, which is

the best able to keep his money, an educated personor an uneducated?" And as the other made no

answer, he added :" My good boy, it seems to

me that it is not you that own the house, but the

house that owns you. As for myself I would far

rather enter a temple, no matter how small, andbehold in it a statue of ivory and gold, than behold

one of pottery and bad workmanship in a vastly

larger one."

5i3

XXIII

cap. Neavuav Be IBobv irlova /cal (bpovovvra eirl t&>XXIII *

rrXetara /xev dvdpcoTrcov eaOleiv, rrXelarov Be olvov

TTiveiv," dX)C rj crv"

ecf>7j,

"rvyydveis wv 6

yacrrpiô/JLevos ;

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"vrrep

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Hpa/c\eov<;" e(f)rj,

"6Wo9* gov Be tl$, &>

/cddapfia, dperrj ; to yap rrepipKeirrov ev /jlovco

Xeiirerai a 01 tc3 payrjvai."

XXIV

cap. TotdBe /jbev avrw ra ev rfj

f

Po5w, ra Be ev rfj1

AXeâvBpeia, erreiBr) eaeirXevaev r\ 'Ake^dvBpeta/cal dirovTOS fjuev avrov rjpa, /cal eiroQovv rbv

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0e<p iaa drre^Xeirov /cal Bcexcopovv rS)v o-revamoov,

514


XXIII

And meeting a young man who was young and fat chap.and who prided himself upon eating more than XXIn

anybody else, and on drinking more wine than others, gi^ton8 *

he remarked :" Then you, it seems, are the

glutton.""Yes, and I sacrifice to the gods out of

gratitude for the same." " And what pleasure," said

Apollonius, "do you get by gorging yourself in

this way ?" "

Why, everyone admires me and stares

at me ; for you have probably heard of Hercules,how people took as much pains to celebrate what heate as what labours he performed."

"Yes, for he

was Hercules," said Apollonius ;"but as for yourself,

you scum, what good points are there about you ?

There is nothing left for you but to burst, if youwant to be stared at."

XXIV

Such were his experiences in Rhodes, and others chap.

ensued in Alexandria, so soon as his voyage ended IV

there. Even before he arrived Alexandria was in reCeption in

love with him, and its inhabitants longed to see Alexandria

Apollonius as one friend longs for another ; andas the people of Upper Egypt are intensely religious

they too prayed him to visit their several societies. For

owing to the fact that so many come hither and mixwith us from Egypt, while an equal number passhence to visit Egypt, Apollonius was already cele-

brated among them and the ears of the Egyptianswere literally pricked up to hear him. It is no

exaggeration to say that, as he advanced from the

515

L l 2

FLAVIUS PHILOSTRAT.US

cap(bcrirep rots cpepovat ra lepci. TrapairepLTropLevov

Be avrov fxaXkov rj ol rcov eOvoiV rjyepuoves, avBpes

qyovro rrjv errl Oavdrcp BcoBeKa Xyaral rrjv alrLav,

6 Be e? avToix; lB<ov," ov iravre^T elirev,

"6 Belva

yap Kara^revaOeh aireio-t" teal rrpbs rov<;

Brjpbiovs, £<£' wv rjyovro,"vcpetvcu" e(j)7],

" KeXevco

rov Bpopuov Kal a^oXatorepov r\Keiv errl to opvypa,

vararov re diroKrelvai rovrov, puereyei yap ovBev

t% aiTidaecos, dX)C vpueZs ye oat* av irpdrroire

(j)€iB6p,evoi rovrcov /3pa^v pepos r)p,epa<;, oi>9 Xwov

tjv pb7)8 airoKTeiveiv" Kal dp>a evBierpiftev oh

eXeyev, ovk elco0b<z eavrco diroreivcov p,r}fcos. ri 6"

avrS evoei rovro, avrl/ca eBeix^V oktod yap r/Br]

dirorerfirjpLevojv rd$ KecpaXd? irnrevs eXavvwv eirl

to opvypua,"Qapicovos" efioa,

"<f)eLo-ao-0e" p,r)

yap elvac Xrjarrjv avrov, dXX' eavrov puev Kare-yjrev-

oSac Beet rod arpej3X(oaeadat, ^aaaviaOevrwv Be

erepcov ^prjarbv cbpLoXoyrjaOai avBpa. ew to

TrrjBrjpba rr)s Alyimrov Kal oaov eirl rovrw eKporrj-

aav Kal aXXax; Oavpuao-riKol 6We?.

XXV

cap. 'AveXOovrt, Be avrcp e? to iepbv 6 p,ev Koo-pbos 6

irepl avrb Kal 6 e<f eKaarw X0709 Oeios re ecpal-

5i6

ship into the city, they gazed upon him as if he was chap.

a god, and made way for him in the allies, as theyXXIV

would for priests carrying the sacraments. As hewas being thus escorted with more pomp than if he Predicts the

had been a governor of the country, he met twelve ^f^j1 of

men who were being led to execution on the chargeof being bandits

;he looked at them and said :

"They

are not all guilty, for this one," and he gave his

name," has been falsely accused or he would not be

going with you." And to the executioners by whomthey were being led, he said :

"I order you to relax

your pace and bring them to the ditch a little more

leisurely, and to put this one to death last of all, for

he is guiltless of the charge ; but you would anyhowact with more piety, if you spared them for a brief

portion of the day, since it were better not to slaythem at all." And withal he dwelt upon this themeat what was for him unusual length. And the reason

for his doing so was immediately shown;for when

eight of them had had their heads cut off, a man onhorseback rode up to the ditch, and shouted :

"Spare

Pliarion ; for," he added, "he is no robber, but

he gave false evidence against himself from fear of

being racked, and others of them in their examina-tion under torture have acknowledged that he is

guiltless." I need not describe the exultation of

Egypt, nor how the people, who were anyhow readyto admire him, applauded him for this action.

XXV

And when he had gone up into the temple, he was chap.

struck by the orderliness of its arrangements, and xxv

5<7

cap. v€to Kal Kara aocbtav ^vvreOels, to Be roov ravpcovXXV

alfia /cal ol %^ve? Kal birbaa edvero, ovk eTryvet

ra roidBe, ovBe €9 Balras deo)v r\yev epofievov 6'

avrbv rov lepecos, ti fiaOwv ovy^ ovtg) Ovoi,"

<rv

fxev ovvT elirev,"diroKpivai puoi fiaWov, tl fiaOcov

ovrco dveis ;

"elirovTOs Be rov lepeax;,

" Kal ri<;

ovtcd Betvos, 009 BiOpOovaOai ra AlyvTTTtwv ;

"

7ra9, ecprj, 0-0909, r\v air lvocov r)Ky. Kai povv,

€(j)7),

"airavOpaKLG) rrjfjLepov Kal Kotv(ovec rov

KaTrvov rjfiiv, ov yap dj(6earf irepl ttj<; p,oipa<;, el

KaK€iV7]v ol Oeol Baio-ovraL." rrjKOfjbevov Be rov

TrXaa/jLaTO*;, opa, e<prj, ra tepa. iroia ;

elirev 6 AlyviTTLOs,"6pw yap ovBev evOdBe" 6 Be

'AttoWgovios,"

ol Be 'Ia/uSat," elire," Kal ol

TeWtdBaL Kal ol KXvridBat Kal to to)v MeAa//,-

ttoBlBwv fiavreiov eXr/pyaav, a> Xqyare, roaavra

fxev irepl irvpbs elirovre^, roaavTas Be dii avrov

^vWe^dpuevoi $rjiia<; ; rj to p,ev curb t^9 TrevKTjs

Trvp Kal to dirb rfjs KeBpov fiavriKov rjyfjKal

iKavbv Brfk&crai ri, to S' dirb rod Tnordrov re Kal

KaOapayrdrov BaKpvov Ka6p,evov ov ttoWS alperco-

repov ; el 8' epmvpov aortas rjcrOa ev^vveros,

el8e<; av Kal ev to5 toO rjKiov kvkKw ttoWcl

Brfkovpieva, orrore dvL0-%€t,"

5' 8

LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V•

thought the reason given for everything thoroughly chap.

religious and wisely framed. But as for the blood of xxv

bulls and the sacrifices of geese and other animals, he blood6"1"8

disapproved of them nor would he consider that they offerings

constituted repasts of the gods. And when a priestasked him what induced him not to sacrifice like

the rest :"Nay, you/' he replied,

" should rather

answer me what induces you to sacrifice in this way."The priest replied :

" And who is so clever that hecan make corrections in the affairs of the Egyptians ?

"

"Anyone," he answered, "with a little wisdom, if

only he comes from India." " And," he added,a I

will roast a bull to ashes this very day, and you shall

hold communion with us in the smoke it makes ;

for you cannot complain, if you only get the same

portion which is thought enough of a repast for the

gods." And as his image1 was being melted in the

fire he said :" Look at the sacrifice." " What sacri-

fice," said the Egyptian, "for I do not see anythingthere." And Apollonius said, "The Iamidae andthe Telliadae and the Clytiadae and the oracle of the

black-footed ones have talked a lot of nonsense, mostexcellent priest, when they went on at such lengthabout fire, and pretended to gather so many oracles

from it. For as to the fire from pine wood and from

the cedar, do you think it is really fraught with

prophecy and capable of revealing anything, and yetnot esteem a fire lit from the richest and purest gumto be much preferable ? If then you had really any

acquaintance with the lore of fire worship, you would

see that many things are revealed in the disc of the

sun at the moment of its rising."

1 A frankincense mpdel of a bull.

5*9

XXVI

C^P.j TOVTOIS 67T6K07TT6 TOV AljVTTTtOV ft)? dfiaOrj T(W

deiwv. Trpoo-Kei/jLivrjs Be rf)?*

AXeâvBpeuas liritois

teal gv/jLcpOLTcbcrr)? p,ev e'9 tov liriroBpofjiov eirl rfj

6ea ravTr), ficat<povovvrcov Be aXXrjXovs, eiriirXriîv

virep tovtcov eirooetTO, real irapeX0a>v 69 to lepov,"

irol, €(pr),"Traparevelre diroOvrjGKOVTes ov%

virep re/evcov ovBe lepwv, dXX>

co? y^paivone fxev ra

lepa XvOpov fiearol 69 ravra rj/covres, (ÔelpotaOe

Be ecrco Teiyov9 ; Kal Tpoiav puev, &>9 eoiicev, 'liriros

eh BieTTopOrjaev, bv eaoîaavTO 01 'Amatol ToVe,

e'(/>' vfjbas Be ap/xara eêvfcrai Kal ittttoi, Bi ov<$ ovk

evriv vfjLLV ev7)VLQ)<; %f}v diroXXvaOe yovv ov% virby

ArpeiB6)v, ovB* virb Ala/ciBwv, a\\' vit' dXXrjXwv,b

/jLtjB'ol T/Owe? ev tj) fieOrj. Kara puev ovv ttjv

OXvpuriav, ov irdXrjs /cal irvyfirjs Kal tov

irayKpaTtdêiv aOXa, ovBels virep dOXyTwv dire-

Oavev, 60-0)9 teal tjvyyvco/nr)<; virapôvcrrj^, elris virep-

airovBdôi irepl to ofiocjyvXov, virep Be tirirwv

evravOa yvpuvd puev vpZv eif aXXTjXovs t;i<f>r), ffoXal

Be erotfioL XtOcov. irvp Be eirl ttjv roiavrrjv iroXtv,

evOa olpuayyr) re Kal vftpis

oXXvvtcov re Kal oXXvpbevcov, peec 8' ai/jbari yala.

alBeaOrjre tov koivov t% Alyvirrov Kparypa

520


XXVI

With these words he rebuked and silenced the chap.

Egyptian, showing that he was ignorant of religionx

But because the Alexandrians are devoted to horses, horae-Scintf

and flock into the racecourse to see the spectacle,factions

and murder one another in their partisanship, hetherefore administered a grave rebuke to themover these matters, and entering the temple, hesaid :

" How long will you persist in meeting yourdeaths, not in behalf of your families or of yourshrines, but because you are determined to pollutethe sacred precincts by entering them reeking with

gore and to slaughter one another within the walls.

And Troy it seems was ravaged and destroyed by a

single horse, which the Achaeans of that day had con-

trived ;but your chariots and horses are yoked to

your own despite and leave you no chance of livingin submission to the reins of law. You are being

destroyed therefore not by the sons of Atreus nor bythe sons of Ajax, but by one another, a thing that the

Trojans would not have done even when they weredrunk. At Olympia, however, where there are prizesfor wrestling and boxing and for the mixed athletic

contests, no one is slain in behalf of the athletes,

though it were quite excusable if one should showan excess of zeal in the rivalry of human beings like

himself. But here I see you rushing at one another

with drawn swords, and ready to hurl stones, all

over a horse race. I would like to call down fire uponsuch a city as this, where amidst the groans and

insulting shouts ' of the destroyers and the de- Iliad 4. r.i

stroyed the earth runs with blood.' Can you not

521

cap. Ne£Xoi\ dXXa tl NetXof fivrjfiovevco Trpbs

dvOpooirovs ai/juaros avafido-eis BiapbeTpovvTas

puaXXov r) vBaros ;

"Kal irXeico e? ttjv eiri-

ttXtj^cv ravTTjv BieXe^dr} erepa, a>9 BoBdaKet 6

Adfii<;.

XXVII

xxvii yJv€(T7ra(Ttavov be t^z^ avroKparopa ap%r)v irepi-

VOOVVTO? 7T€pl TCL OfJLOpCL T\} AlyVTTTCp 60V7], KOI TTpO-

%(DpovvTO<; eirl ttjv Atyvirrov, k'uoves puev Kal Ev-

(ppdrcu, irepi cov fiiKpbv varepov elpijaerac, yalpetv

irapeKeXevovTO' fierd yap rbv irpaiTOv avrotcpdropa,

v(f>ov to, 'Vwfxaicdv 8i€KOG/jLrj0r), TVpavvLBes ovrco

âXeiral ia^vaav eirl TrevryKovra err), G09 jmrjBe

KXavBoov rd /necra tovtoov TpiatcaiBetca dpgavra

Xprjarbv Boâr /cairoi 7T€VT7]kovtovt7]<; fxev e'9 to

dpyeiv iraprjXOev, ore vov<; fidkiara vyiaivei

dvOpcoTTcov, TraiSeias Be ^vfjuirdar)^ iBo/cet epdv dXXa

/cd/ceivos rrjXi/coaBe cov rroXXd fieipafacoBr) eiraOe

Kal /jl7)X6/3otov yvvaiois ttjv dp%r)v dvrjKev, v<f>cov

ovtco pa6vp,a)<; drceOavev, &>9 KaiTOi irpoyiyv&GKwv,

a efieXXe ireicreaOai, firjB' d irpoyBei, (frvXaâcrOat.

'A7roXX(bvio<; Be TrapaTrXTjo-icos /xev JLv<ppdrr) Kal

Alcovi, irepl tovtcov eâipe, /jieXeTrjv B' avTa ovk

eiroielTO e? irdvTas, prjTopi,KQ)Tepav rjyovfievos ttjv

5 2 ?


feel reverence for the Nile, the common mixing bowl chap.

of Egypt ? But why mention the Nile to men whose XXVI

gauges measure a rising tide of blood rather than of

water ?" And many other rebukes of the same kind

he addressed to them, as Damis informs us.

XXVJI

Vespasian was harbouring thoughts of seizing the chap.XXVII

Vespasian'sabsolute power, and was at this time in the countries

bordering upon Egypt ; and when he advanced as a^ivaiTt

far as Egypt, people like Dion and Euphrates, Gf Alexandria

whom I shall have something to say lower down,

urged that a welcome should be given to him. Forthe first autocrat, by whom the Roman state was

organised, was succeeded for the space of fifty

years by tyrants so harsh and cruel, that not

even Claudius, who reigned thirteen years in the

interval between them, could be regarded as a

good ruler, and that, although he Jwas fifty years of

age when he succeeded to the throne, an age whena man's judgment is most likely to be sane, and

though he had the reputation of being fond of

culture of all kinds;nevertheless he too in spite of

his advanced age committed many youthful follies,

and gave up the empire to be devoured, as sheepdevour a pasture, by silly women, who murdered

him, because he was so indolent that, though heknew beforehand what was in store for him, hewould not be on his guard even against what he

foresaw. Apollonius no less than Euphrates and Dion

rejoiced in the new turn of events ;but he did not

make vise of them as a theme in his public utterances,

523

cap. rocdvBe IBeav rov \6yov, irpoaiovri Be rco avio-XXVII '

Kpdropt ra fiev lepd rrpo ttvXwv airrjVTa Kal ra rrj<;

AlyvTTTOV reXr) Kal ol vo/jlol, /caO* 01/9 Aiyvirros

T€TfjL7)Tcu, (piXoao(f)Oi re ooaavTw; Kal aocpla irao-a,

o Be 'AttoXXgovios ovBev eiroXvirpay\iovei tovtcdv,

dXXd eairovBaêv ev tq> lepoo. BiaXeÔel^ Be 6

avTOKparcop yevvald re Kal y/juepa, Kal BieXOoov

Xoyov ov fiaKpov,"

iiriBrjfjLeL^ e(pr),"6 Tvavevs;

"

"vai," ecpaaav,

"fteXrLOV? ye rj/JLcis epyaaafievos."

"7ra>? av ovv gvyyevoiro rjfJLLv;

"ecf)r),

"acj)6Spa

yap Beo/juai rod dvBpos""ivrevêrai aoi irepl rb

lepov" 6 Aicov elire,"

737)09 ifjue yap Bevpo rjKOVTa

w/jLoXoyei ravra." "ico/jiev" e<f>7)

6 ftaaiXevs,"

Trpoaevôfjbevoi fiev to?? Oeols, ^vveaofievot Be

dvBpl yevvai(p" evrevOev dvecpv \0709, G09 evdv-

p,to<; fjuev avro) rj dp^rj yevoiro iroXiopKovvTi rd

SoXv/jua, puerairefjuiroito Be rov 'AttoXXcovlov virep

{3ov\f)<; tovtcov, 6 Be irapanoiro rjKeiv e<? yrjv, i)v

e/jLtavav ol ev avrf) olkovvtcs oU re eBpaaav ot? re

eiradov o6ev avrbs eXdelv e'9 AlyvirTov ttjv puev

dpyrp) KeKT7)fxevo<$, BiaXeôêvos Be tw dvBpl oiroaa

BrfXooaco.

XXVIII

cap. ®vo~a<s yap Kal ovttoo ^prjpLaTiaa^ Kar d%iav ratsxxvin

1T^\6(ri TTpoaeliTe rov'

AttoXXgovlov Kal coairep

5 2 4


because he considered such an argument too much in chap.

the style of a rhetor. When the autocrat approachedXXVH

the city, the priests met him before the gates, togetherwith the magistrates of Egypt and the representativesof the different provinces into which Egypt is divided.

The philosophers also were present and all their

schools. Apollonius however did not put himselfforward in this way, but remained conversing in the

temple. The autocrat delivered himself of nobleand gentle sentiments, and after making a short

speech, said :" Is the man of Tyana living here ?

"

"Yes," they replied, "and he has much improved us

thereby."" Can he then be induced to give us an

interview?" said the emperor, "For I am very muchin want of him." "He will meet you," said Dion," in the temple, for he admitted as much to me whenI was on my way here." "Let us go on," said the

king," at once to offer our prayers to the gods, and

to meet so noble a man." This is how the story grewup, that it was during his conduct of the siege of

Jerusalem that the idea of making himself emperorsuggested itself to him

;and that he sent for

Apollonius to ask his advice on the point ; but that

the latter declined to enter a country which its in-

habitants polluted both by what they did and bywhat they suffered, which was the reason why Vespa-sian came in person to Egypt, as well because henow had possession of the throne, as in order to hold

with our sage the conversations which I shall relate.

XXVIII

For after he had sacrificed, and before he gave chap.

official audiences to the cities, he addressed himself XXV1U

525

Cap. ev^piievos clvtm,"iroir\aov /xe," e<j)r),

"ftaaiXea." 6

Be,"eTroLrjaa" elirev,

"rjBrj yap ev^d/juevos ftaaiXea

hiKCLiov re Kal yevvalov Kal <T(t)(f)pova Kal iroXia

Ke/coa/jLTj/jLevov Kal irarepa iratBcov yvrjo-iwv, ae

Btjitov irapa twv Oecov jjrovv eyco." vireprjaOel?

Be TOUTOt? o fiaaiXevs, Kal yap efiorjo-e to ev tc3

lepw 7r\f)0o<; %WTi6ep,evoi rco Xoô),"ri aoi? e$r),

"Neyowzô? apyy} efyaiveTo;

"Kal 6 'AttoXXcovlos,

"Nepwv," elire,

"KuOdpav fiev tcro)? fjBec dppuoTTe-

o~6ai, rr)V Be dp%r)v jjo-^vvev dvkaei Kal eTTLTaaei"

"£vfi/jL€Tpov ovv? €<f>r),

' KeXeveii; elvai tov ap-

%0VTa;"" ovk eyco," elire,

"Oebs Be tt)v laoTrjTa

fieaorrjTa opiadpuevo^. dyaOol Be tovtcov gvpifiov-

Xot, Kal oiBe ol avhpes" tov Alayva Bellas Kal tov

JLvcppaTTjv pbrjTTco avTo3 e? Bia(popav rjKOVTa. totc

Br) dvacr%oi>v 6 ftao-iXev? ra? %e£/)a<?,"

a> Zev,"

€(j>r),

"cro<f)(ov piev'eyo) apôiyn, aocpol Be epiov"

Kal eiriaTpeâ^ eavTov e? tovs AlyvTTTLOu?,"dpvcraaOe" elirev,

"<o? NetXou Kal epbov?

XXIX

xxix ^^v^ AtyviTTO? eoSe dveayev, direLprjKOTe^ rjBr)

81? a eirieôvTO. KaTOwv Be tov lepov gwipfre to*

526


to Apollonius, and, as if making prayer he said xfvnito him :

" Do thou make me king." And he Heanswered :

"I have done so already, for I have converses

already offered a prayer for a king who should be IjSionius

just and noble and temperate, endowed with thej^

out

wisdom of grey hairs, and the father of legitimatemg8 1P

sons;and surely in my prayer I was asking from the

gods for none other but thyself." The emperorwas delighted with this answer, for the crowd too in

the temple shouted their agreement with it.

t( What then," said the emperor," did you think of

the reign of Nero?" And Apollonius answered:" Nero perhaps understood how to tune a lyre, buthe disgraced the empire both by letting the strings

go too slack and by drawing them too tight."

"Then," said the other, "you would like a ruler

to observe the mean ?" " Not I," said Apollonius,

" but God himself, who has denned equality as con-

sisting in the mean. And these gentlemen here,

they too are good advisers in this matter," he added,

pointing to Dion and Euphrates, for the latter hadnot yet quarrelled with him. Thereupon the kingheld up his hand and said :

" O Zeus, may I hold

sway over wise men, and wise men hold sway over

me." And turning himself round towards the

Egyptians he said :" You shall draw as liberally

upon me as you do upon the Nile."

XXIX

The result then was that the Egyptians regained chap.

their prosperity, for they were already exhausted bythe oppressions they suffered ;

but as he went down

527

cap. W^TToXXcdviuf ryv %e2pa, /cal irapayayooiv avrbv 69

rd ftacrikeia,"

tea)?," e(f>r),

"pL€ipa/ct,co8\)<; eviois

Bo/cco ftaaikeias dirropLevo^ irepl 6T09 egrj/coarbv

rod ftiov Bcoaco ovv diroXoylav, G09 diroXoyolo

virep 6/jlov rot? aXXow eyco yap ttXovtov puev

r)TT7)@el<; ovBe ev pL€ipa/cL(p irore olBa, to.? Be ap^dsre /cal Xa/jLTrporrjTas, oiroaat rfj 'PcopLaicov apxfi

irpoarjKOvaiv, ovto) (rwcppovcos /cal puerpico^ Bie6epL7]v,

&>9 fJurjTe virep^pcov firjr av Karenrâx; B6i;ai,

vecorepa Be ovB* eirl Nepcova eveOvpurjOr/v, dXX*

eTreiBrj rrjv dp^r/v, el /cal pur) /cara vopbovs, Trap

dvBpbs yovv avro/cpdropos 7rapaXa/3oDV etyev,

v(pcip,7jv avrq) Sid rbv KXavBiov, 09 VTrarov re

direBeê pie /cal ^vpbftovXov rwv eavrov- /cal vr) rrjv

'AOrjvav, birore Nepcova iBoipa dcr^rjpbovovvra,

Bd/cpvd puoi eêrnirrev ivOvpuovpueva) rbv K.XavBiov,

i)<f>oiov /caOappuaros to pueytarov twv eavrov

i/cXrjpovopLtjOr}. opcov Be yLt^S' oirore Nepcov e/cnoBoiiv

yeyovev eirl to X&ov pueOiardpieva rd roiv dv-

OpooTrcov, dXX' ovtcos dripLcos rrjv dpyiyv irpdr-

Tovcrav, &>9 eirl BireXiw KelaOai, Oappcov rjBrj eV

avrrjv elpit,, rrpwrov puev, eTrecBr) ftovXopiai rots

dvdpotmois irapaaêlv epiavrbv ttoXXov dîov, elra,

eireiBr] 737309 dvOpcowov 6 dycov earai /cpanraXtbvra'

UtreXco? yap p*vpev Xovrai irXetov r) eyco vBari,

Bo/cel Be pbOL /cal î<pec TrXrjyels p>vpov e/cBoocreiv

pudXXov rj alpua, otvco Be olvov ^vvdirrwv puaiverai,

Kal /cvftevei puev BeBioos ftrjri avrbv ol irerrol

LIFE OF APOLLONIUSI BOOK V

from the temple he grasped the hand of Apollonius, chap.and taking him with him into the palace, said :

XX1X«Perhaps some will think me young and foolish ^/reST*

because I assume the reins of kingship in the sixtieth of his

year of my life. I will then communicate to you mypm

reasons for doing so, in order that you may justify

my actions to others. For I was never the slave of

wealth that I know of, even in my youth ;and in the

matter of the magistracies and honours in the gift of

the Roman sovereign, I bore myself with so muchsoberness and moderation as to avoid being thoughteither overbearing or, on the other hand, craven and

cowardly. Nor did I cherish any but loyal feelingstowards Nero

; but, inasmuch as he had received the

crown, if not in strict accordance with the law, at

any rate from the autocrat, I submitted to him for

the sake of Claudius, who made me consul andsharer of his counsels. And, by Athene, I never sawNero demeaning himself without shedding tears,

when I thought of Claudius, and contrasted withhim the wretch who had inherited the greatest of

his possessions. And now when I see that even the

disappearance from the scene of Nero has broughtno change for the better in the fortunes of humanity,and that the throne has fallen into such dishonour

as to be assigned to Vitellius, I boldly advance to

take it myself ; firstly, because I wish to endear

myself to men and win their esteem, and secondly,because the man I have to contend with is a meredrunkard. For Vitellius uses more ointment in his

bath than I do water, and I believe that if you ran

a sword into him, more ointment would issue from

the wound than blood;and his continuous bouts of

drinking have made him mad, and one who were he

529

VOL. I. MM

-FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

cap.o-<f)7J\(o<Ti,v, virep 8e a/)%% avappiirrel ttcli^wv,

iraipais 8e v7roK€L/n€vo<; eiridbpWTai rah yeya-

/jLT)/jL€vai<;, r)8i(o (f>daKCov ra fiera KtvSvvcov epcoTi/cd.

io) rd daeXyeo-repa, o>9 firj rocavra eirl gov

XeyoLjiir pur) Brj nrepdhoLfLi 'Fco/jlcilovs biro tolovtov

dp^OevTas, a\V r)yefi6va^ iroiovfievo^ tovs 6eov$

dvr)p yiyvoifirjv i/navrq) o/jlow oOev etc gov,''

'ATToWoovie, TreiGfia eyed fidWofiai, (pctGl yapTrXetGrd Ge twv 6ewv aiGOdveGuai, teal £v/jl-

/3ov\ov iroiovfial Ge (ppovriBcov, e<£' ah eaTi yr)

Kol OdXarra, Iv el fiev evfievr) rd irapa tcov Oeoov

(pauvoLTQ, irpaTTOipLL ravra, el 8e evavria /cal fir)

7T/30? ifiov firjSef

Pft)/xaiW, fir) evo^Xoirjv tov? Oeovs

aKOvra^T

XXX

cap. ^TriOeLaGas S' 6 'AttoW&Wo? tw \6yco,"Zed,"

xxx^

'

,

e<f)r},

"KairiTcoXie, Ge yap tmv irapovToav irpay-

fjbdrcov fipaftevTr)v 618a, (pvXarre Geavrbv fiev

tovtw, Geavrw Be tovtov tov yap vecov, bv %#e?

doi/coi %et/oe9 eveirprjGav, rovSe goI tov avBpa

dvaGTT]Gai 7re7rpa)Tai" QavfiaGavTos he tov

ftaGiXeax; TovXoyov,"avTa," elirev,

" avTa BrjXcorrei

53o


dieeing would he full of apprehension lest the chap.

pieces should play him false, is yet hazarding the XXIX

empire in play ;and though he is the slave of

mistresses, he nevertheless insults married women,and says that he likes to spice his amours with a

little danger. His worst excesses I will not mentionfor I would rather not allude to such matters in yourpresence. May I then never submit tamely, while theRomans are ruled by such a man as he

; let merather ask the gods to guide me so that I may betrue to myself. And this, Apollonius, is why I, as it

were, make fast my cable to yourself, for they saythat you have the amplest insight into the will of

the gods, and why I ask you to share with me in

my anxieties and aid me in plans on which rests the

safety of sea and land ;to the end that, supposing

the good-will of heaven show itself on my side, I

may fulfill my task; but if heaven opposes and

favours neither myself nor the Romans, that I maynot trouble the gods against their wills."

XXX

Apollonius clinched his words with an appeal to c * l**m

heaven :" O Zeus," said he,

" of the Capitol, for thou .

, ,

i 11 n lAu example

art he whom I know to be the arbiter or the present of

issue, do thou preserve thyself for this man and this ^o?mus

man for thyself. For this man who stands before thee second sight

is destined to raise afresh unto thee the temple which

only yesterday the hands of malefactors set on fire."

And on the emperor expressing astonishment at his

words :

" The facts themselves," he said,u will reveal,

so do thou ask nothing of me;but continue and

M M 2

gap. /cal firjBev ifjbou Beov, irepaive Be, a opdws eftov-

Xevaa)" ^v/jl/3€^7]/c6l Be apa Kara rrjv 'Yoapu^v

&o/jL€Tiavbv fiev rbv Oveairaaiavov iralBa irapa-

rerdyOai, rrpbs rov BireXiov virep rrjs dp^fj<; rov

irarpos, TroXiopfcias £' avrbv r

Trepio-yovo"r}<$ ev tw

Ka7rtTft)Xtft), rbv fiev Bicnrecpevyevat toi>? woXtop-

KOVVTCLS, TOV VCODV 8' efl7T€7rpr]a0ai, fCdl Tft) 'A7ToX-

Xcoviw (paiveadcu ttoXXco Barrov rj el /car Atyvirrov

eirpdrrero. roaavra airovBdaavre^ 6 fiev dirrfxde

rov ftaaiXeoos, eiircbv pur) ^vy^copelv avra> rd 'IvBwv

irdrpta Kara fieo-rjfiftpcav aXXo ri irap a e/celvoi

rrpdrrovcri rrpdrretv, 6 Be dveXapire re en

pciXXov /cal ov ^vveyjapei tol$ rrpdyfiacri Bca-

<f>evyeiv eavrov, dXX' &>? /3e/3aL(ov re /cal avrw

/caOcofioXoyTj/mevcov elyero hi a r\/covaev.

XXXI

cap. Tfj S* varepaia, irepl opQpov eirl rd ftaaiXeia

r)K(ov 6''

AttoXXohvios tfpero rovs 8opv<f>6povs, 6 ri

fiao-iXevs irpdrroi, ol he eyprjyopevat, re avrbv

rrdXai ecpaaav /cal Trpbs eTncrroXais elvai. /cal

d/covo-as rovro dirrfkOev et7ro)v 7rpb<; rbv Adfiiv"

6 dvrjp dp^ei^ eiraveXOcbv Be irepl rfXiov

dviayovra Aitova fiev /cal l^vcftpdrrjv eVt dvpais

evpe, /cal irepl rrjs fjvvovaLa<; tyiXorlfioos epcorcoo-c

BifjXOe rrjv diroXoyiav, y)v rov jSacnXeco? rj/covae,

t<z? Be avrov 86%a<$ direaKoirrjaev. ea/cXr)dels Be

532


complete that which thou hast so rightly purposed." chap.

Now it happened just then as a matter of fact that xxx

in Rome Domitian, the son of Vespasian, was matchedwith Vitellius in the struggle to gain the empire for

his father, and was besieged in the Capitol, with theresult that although he escaped the fury of the

besiegers, the temple was burnt down; and all this

was revealed to Apollonius more quickly than if it

had taken place in Egypt. When they had held

their conversation, he left the emperor's presence,

saying that it was not permitted him by the religionof the Indians to proceed at midday in any other

way than the Indians do themselves ; at the sametime the emperor brightened up, and with fresh

enthusiasm, instead of allowing matters to slip

through his hands, persevered in his policy, con-

vinced by Apollonius' words that his future wasstable and assured to him by heaven.

XXXI

Next day at dawn Apollonius came to the palace chap.YYYT

and asked the guards what the emperor was doing ;

from whom learning that he had long risen and was J^B anlus

engaged on his correspondence, he went off and audience for

remarked to Damis : "This man shall be sovereign." Euphrates

About sunrise he returned to find Dion and

Euphrates already at the door, in return to whose

eager enquiries concerning the interview, he

repeated the defence of his policy which he hadheard from the emperor, though at the same time he

let no word escape him of his own opinions. But on

being summoned to enter in advance of them, he

533

cap.7T/9c5to9,

(<oy ftacriXev" elirev,

"JLv<f>pdTi]<; teal Alcdv

TTakai aoiyvaypc/jLot, 6We? irpos dvpats elalv ov/c

d(f)p6vTiBes twv awv /cdXeo Brj Kaiceivovs e? kolvov

Xoyov, aocpw yap too avBpe.""

d/cXeio-TOvs," e<j>r),"6vpa$ irapeyw <Totf>ol<$ dvBpdari, <rol Be /cal ra

cnepva dvewyQai Bo/cel Tafia."

XXXII

cap. 'E7ret Be eo-efcXijOrjcrav,"virep /jtev 7-779 ifiavTov

BtavoLas" elirev," w dvBpe<;, airoXeXoyrjixai, %#e?

'AttoXXwvlw tw yevvaiw.""rj/covaafxev^ V B* 6

Ata)v,"

TT)$ airoXoyias, /cal vovv et%e."'*

Trj/xepov

Be" elirev," w

cj)iXe Alojv, jjvfMptXoo-ofajaw/jLev

virep twv j3e^ovXevfjbevwv, Xv &>? /cdXXco-Ta /cat

KaTa <T(OTr)piav twv dv6pwirwv iravTa TrpaTTOi/jur

evvowv yap irpwTov fiev tov Tcftepiov, &)? e? to

airdvOpwirov re /cal w/jlov ttjv dpfflv fieTeo-Trjaev,

eiTa tov eir e/ceivw Tdiov, &>? Bcovvao/jtavwv /cal

XvBl^wv TTJV CTToXrjV KOI TToXe/JLOVS Vl/CWV OVK 6Wa?

6? irdvTa tcl 'Vw/jbatcov alaxpws e(3d/c%evcrev, eltd

tov XprjcrTov KXavBoov, go? vtto yvvaiwv r)TTr)6el<;

eireXddeTO tov apyeiv, dXXa ko\ tov ^rjv, direOave

yap vtt avTwv, w? (paai, Nepcovos Be tl av /caBair-

Toifirjv, etVcWo?'"

KitoXXwvlov ftpa^vv ical dOpoov

Xoyov irepl avecrew^ Te /cal eTriTaaews, ah NepwvTrjv apxyv ya'xyve ; ti B

y

av irepl wv TdX/3a<;

%vveTaTTev, eliroiixi, o? eV dyopas fiearj<; direOavev

534


said :

" O King, Euphrates and Dion, long your ac- chap.

quaintances, are at your door, being highly anxious XXXI

for your welfare. I pray you, call them in also to

join in our conversation, for they are both of themwise men." "

I throw my doors open," he replied," to wise men

; but to you I purpose to open mybreast as well."

XXXII

When they had been called in, he continued : chap." In defence of my own plans, I said, gentlemen,

xxxn

what I had to say, yesterday to Apollonius ourJjJJJJ"

esteemed friend." "We have heard that defence," retrospect

said Dion, "and it was most reasonable." "Well,to-day," he went on, "my dear Dion, let us

concert some wise conclusions in support of the

counsels adopted by me, of a kind to ensure mygeneral policy being both honourable and salutary to

mankind. For I cannot forget how Tiberius was the

first to degrade the government into an inhumanand cruel system, of how he was followed by Gaius,who filled with Bacchic frenzy, dressed in Lydianfashion, won sham fights and by his disgracefulrevels violated all Roman institutions. Therefollowed the worthy Claudius, and I remember that he

was so much the thrall of women as to lose all sense

of sovereignty, nay even of self-preservation ;for they

say he was murdered by them. Nero I hardly need

assail, for Apollonius in brief and terse remarks has

exposed the faults of over-indulgence and undue

severity by which he disgraced his reign. Nor needI dwell on the system of Galba, who was slain in

the middle of the forum in the act of adopting those

535

cap.rjrcuprjfievovs ecnroiaiv eavrw iralBas rov "OOcova

kcl\ rbv Tlelcrcova ; el Be koX BiTeXto) tco ttuvtcov

daeXyeardrrp tt)v dpyr)v irapaBoi^fiev, dvafiuprj

Nepcov opcov ovv, co dvBpes, v<fi cov elirov TVpavviBcov

BiaftefiXriiievov to apyeiv, %v<fjb/3ov\ovs v/jua? iroiov-

ficu, 7TW9 av BiaQeipjr)v avrb irpocTKefcpovfcbs TjBrj

toi<$ dvdpcoiroi^r 7T/0O9 ravra 6 'AttoWcovios,"av\r)Tr)s" ecprj,

"tcov irdvv aocpcov rov? eavrov

fjiadrjTas irapd rov<; (f>av\orepov<; tcov avXrjTcov

eirefjuire fMadrjo-ofjuevovs, 7nw9 Setjjur)

avXelv to fiev

Brj, 7TW9 Bel fir) apêiv, fiefiddrj/cas, co ftaatkev,

irapa tovtcov, ot Trovrjpcbs rjpâv, to &, ottcos Bet

apyeiv, tr7rovBdcTcofiev"

XXXIII

'O S' Et»^>oaT^9 dcbavcos fiev rjBr) eftdtTicaive tcocap. > l

f i /xxxmA7roXXcovicp, irpoo-Keijievov clvtco tov fiaaiXea opcov

fidXXov r) T0Z9 Xpr)o-Tr)pioL<; tou9 €9 avTcu rj/covTas,

dvocBrjaas Be virep to fieTpov tot6 koX ttjv <f>covr)v

ercdpas; irap1

o elcodet," ov %pr\? ecprj,

" KoXcuceveiv

Ta9 op/ids, ovBe dvorjTco^ crvveKcf>epeadai tois irapd

tt)V r)viav tv TrpaTTOvcn, KaTappvOfiiêiv Be clvtovs,

elirep cj>tXoaocj>ovfiev' a yap el TTpoarj/cei irpdTTeiv y

eBei ftovXevofxevov^ cpaivecrdac, Tavd* bv ireTrpdêTat

Tpbirov /ceXevecs Xeyeuv qvttco fiaOcov, el virep irpa-

536


strumpet sons of his Otho and Piso. As for Vitellius, chap.we had rather Nero should come to life again than XXXH

betray the empire to him, the most dissolute of all.

Perceiving then, my friends, that the throne hasfallen into hatred and contempt by reason of the

tyrants 1 have enumerated, I would fain have youadvise me how best I can restore it, so that it shouldnot remain what it has become, namely, a stumblingblock to mankind." Apollonius replied as follows :

" There was a first-rate flute-player, it is said, whoused to send his pupils to much worse artists than

himself, that they might learn how not to pipe.As then you, my sovereign, have learned from these

your good-for-nothing predecessors, how not to rule,let us, then, now turn our attention to the problem,how a sovereign ought to rule."

XXXIII

While Apollonius spoke, Euphrates concealed the chap.

jealousy he already felt of one whose utterancesXXXIH

clearly interested the emperor hardly less than thoseEuphrates,

of an oracular shrine interest those who repair to it for in t*v™* of

-r. /> i • -i • restoring a

guidance. But now at last his feelings overcame nim, Roman

and, raising his voice above its usual pitch, he cried :

rcPubhc

"We must not flatter men's impulses, nor allow

ourselves to be carried away against our better judg-ment by men of unbridled ambition ;

but we should

rather, if we are enamoured of wisdom, recall themto the rhythm of life. Here is a policy about the

very expediency of which we should first calmly

deliberate, and yet you would have us prescribe a

way of executing it, before you know if the measures

under discussion are desirable. For myself, I quite

537

cap. fcrecov ol Xoyot. iyo) Be ^treXtov ptev zearaXvdrjvat

zeeXevco, puapbv yap rbv dvOpcoirov olBa zeal pteOv-

ovra daeXyeta nrday, ere S' avBpa elBay? dyaObv zeal

yevvatorrjrt irpov'Xpvra, ov(frrjpbt %pr)vat ra ptev

IStreXtov BtopOovaOat, ra aeavrov Be ptrjiro) elBevat.

oaa ptev Brj at ptovapxtat vj3pt%ov<Ttv, ovze eptov xprj

ptavddvetv, a\\* avrbs etprj/eas, ytyvd)crzeot<; o° dv,

<»9 veorrjs ptev eVl rvpavvtBa irr^Bwaa irpocrrjzeovra

eavrfj 7rov irpdrret, to yap rvpavvevetv oi/t&>9 eotzee

veots, a>9 to pteOvetv, &)? rb epdv, zeal veo? ptev

rvpavvevaas ovttcd zeazebs,r\v ptr/1

pttat(p6vo<; Trapdrrjv

rvpavvtBa zeal a>//,o? zeal d(reXyr)<; Bo^rj, yepovro^ Be

€7rl TvpavvlBa tfzeovros, 7rpcorrj atria rb rotavra

fiovkeo~6ar zeal yap rjv <j)tXdv0pcoTro? (f>aivr)rat

zeal ze€KOo-pLr)pt€vo$, ovze izeetvov ravra voptt^ovatv,

dXXa rrj<; rjXtzetas zeal rov zearrjprvzeevat, Bb^et Be

zeal irdXat rovrov zeal veos ert errtOvpurjaa^ dpuap-

retv, al Be rotavrat dptaprtat irpOGzeetvrat ptev

Bvarvxict, Trpoazcetvrat Be BetXtq,' Bozeet yap tj? rj

zcarayvovs tt}? eavrov rvyjq^ to ev vfo rvpavvevaat

irapelvai, rj rvpavvrjcretovri, ezearrjvat erepw Beto-as

Brjirov avrbv tw? dvBpa. to ptev Brj Tr)$ Bvo-TV%Las

edo-0(o, to Be rr)<$ BetXtas iray<$ irapatrrjar], zeal

ravra Nepmva Bozewv Betaat rbv BetXorarov re zeal

1

Kayser omits /*^, which the sense requires,

538

approve of the deposition of Vitellius, whom I know chap.

to be a ruffian drunk with every sort of profligacy ;

xxxin

nevertheless, although I know you to be a worthyman and of pre-eminent nobility < f character, I denythat you ought to undertake the correction of Vitellius

without first establishing an ideal for yourself. I

need not instruct you in the excesses chargeable to

monarchy as such, for you have yourself described

them;but this I would have you recognise, that

whereas youth leaping into the tyrant's saddle doesbut obey its own instincts,

—for playing the tyrantcomes as natural to young men as wine or women,and we cannot reproach a young man merely for

making himself a tyrant, unless in pursuit of his

role he shows himself a murderer, a ruffian and a

debauchee,—on the other hand when an old manmakes himself a tyrant, the first thing we blame in

him is that he ever nursed such an ambition. It is

no use his shewing himself an example of humanityand moderation, for of these qualities we shall givethe credit not to himself, but to his age and mature

training. And men will believe that he nursed the

ambition long before, when he was still a stripling,

only that he failed to realise it; and such failures

are attributed partly to ill luck, partly to pusillanimity.I mean that he will be thought to have renouncedhis dream of becoming a tyrant, because he distrusted

his own star, or that he stood aside and made wayfor another who entertained the same ambition and

whose superior courage he dreaded. As for the

count of ill luck, I may dismiss it;but as for that of

cowardice, how can you avoid it ? How escape the

reproach of having been afraid of Nero, the most

539

cap. paOvfiorarov ; a yap eveOv/jurjOrj JSlvBilj eir avrov,

<re, vr) rovr

apatc\ia, i/caXei irpcorov. teal yap

Grpartdv elê?, Kal i) Bvva/jLts, r)v errl rov^lovBaiov^

r)ye<;, ernrrfBetorepa rjv Tt/jLcopeiaOat Nepcova'

eKelvoi ixev yap irakai cupecrracnv ov jjlovov

'Vca/naLcov, dWa Kal irdvrcov dvOpcoircov' oi yap

ftlOV dfJLLKTOV €VpOVT€<; Kal 069 fJLf]T€ KOIVT) 7T/00?

dv0pa)7rov<; rpdrreâ firjre GirovBal /jurjre evâl

fjurjre Ovaiai, rfkeov dfyeGraGiv r)fj,wv r) ôvaa Kal

JSaKrpa Kal oi vrrep ravra 'IvBor ovkovv ovB*

et/co? rjv TifjbwpeladaL tovtovs d^LGrapuevov^, 01)9

/3e\riov rjv fj,r]Be Krdadai. Nepcova Be Tt? ovk

av rjvjjaro rfj eavrov %et/)t drroKrelvai, jjlovovov

rrivovra rb rcov dvdpcoircov aljxa Kal iv fiecrou*; tols

<J)6vol<; aBovra ; Kairoi epbov rd a>ra opOd rjv 7T/90?

tou? virep gov \070u?, Kal oirore tls eKeldev

dcpLKOiro Tpio-fivpiovs 'lovBaicov d7ro\co\evac <pda-

kcdv vrrb gov Kal rrevraKiGfivpiov^ Kara TTjV

e<£e£?7? fid%r]v, diroXapb^dvayv rov rjKovra ^Vfifie-

t/9&)9 r)pd)Tcov, ri 6° 6 dvrjp ; fir) fxelôv ri rovrcov ;

errel Be rov BireXiov etBcoXov ireiroirjfjLevos rov

Ne'p&wo? eir avrov Grpareveis, d puev fteftovXevGai,

rrparre, KaXa yap Kal ravra, rd Be errl rovroi?

&Be eêra)'f

Pft)yLtatot? to BrjfioKpareiGdai 7ro\\ov

dîov, Kal TroWd rcov ovrcov auTot? err eKeivr)?

rr)<; rro\ireia<i eKrrjdr)' rrave fiovapîav, rrepl 97?

54o


cowardly and supine of rulers? Look at the revolt chap.

against him planned by Vindex, you surely were the XXXIn

man of the hour, its natural leader, and not he !

For you had an army at your back, and the forces youwere leading against the Jews, would they not havebeen more suitably employed in chastising Nero ? Forthe Jews have long been in revolt not only againstthe Romans, but against humanity ; and a race that

has made its own a life apart and irreconcilable,that cannot share with the rest of mankind in the.

pleasures of the table nor join in their libations or

prayers or sacrifices, are separated from ourselves bya greater gulf than divides us from Susa or Bactra or

the more distant Indies. What sense then or reason

was there in chastising them for revolting from us,

whom we had better have never annexed ? As for

Nero, who would not have prayed with his own handto slay a man well-nigh drunk with human blood,

singing as he sat amidst the hecatombs of his victims ?

I confess that I ever pricked up my ears when anymessenger from yonder brought tidings of yourself,and told us how in one battle you had slain thirtythousand Jews and in the next fifty thousand. In

such cases I would take the courier aside and quietlyask him :

' But what of the great man ? Will.he not

rise to higher things than this ?'

Since then you have

discovered in Vitellius an image and ape of Nero, andare turning your arms against him, persist in the

policy you have embraced, for it too is a noble one,

only let its sequel be noble too. You know howdear to the Romans are popular institutions, and how

nearly all their conquests were won under a free

polity. Put then an end to monarchy, of which youhave repeated to us so evil a record ;

and bestow

541

caij. Tomvra etprjtcas, koX BlBov 'Poi/jlcllols /juev to tov

Sij/jiov /cpdros, aavro) Be to eXevBepias avTols

apgcu.

XXXIV

cap. ToaavTa tov JLvtypaTOv elirovTOs opwv 6 'AttoX-

Xcqvios tov Alcova irpoaTtOepbevov tj) yvco/jbrj, tovtl

yap icai to) vevfAdTL eireBrjXov koX 049 eiryveL

XeyovTa,"

firj Tt," ecf)7],

"Alcov, tols elprj/jLevois

Trpoo-Ti6r\<=; ;'*"

vrj Af," elire,"

ttt] puev o/jlolcl, iri] Be

avofjuoia' to fjuev yap &)? ttoXXw fieXTicov av rjv

Nepcova tcaTaXvcov fidXXov r) tcl twvy

\ovBaiwv

BtopOovfitvos, rjyovp,at, fca/Aol 7rpo? ae elpr)a6ai, av

Be ecpKecs dycova iroiovfjievw jjlt] KaTaXv6r)vai ttotc

axjTov 6 yap ttjv Tapa^rjv twv eiceivov Trpay/xaTcov

ev TiOefievos, eppcovvve ttov tov avOpwTrov eiri

irdvTas, oi)$ /cafcws eppcoTO. ttjv Be eirl tov T$LTeXt,ov

6p/jL7)v eiraivcb- tov yap TvpavviBa Ka6eaTr}Kvlav

iravaai fielôv ^yovfiat to fjurjBe edaai <f>vvai.

SrjfjLO/cpaTiav Be da-irdôfiai puev—/col yap el Tr)$

dpio-TOKpaTia^ tjttcov rjBe r) iroXiTeia, ciXXd

TvpavvLBcdV Te teal oXiyap^toiv alpeTcoTepa tocs

o-a)(ppoaL—BeBia Be, /jurj êiporjOea rjBr) *¥(Dfiaiovs

avTai ai TVpavviBes ireTroLrjicvlai %aXe7rr)v epyd-

acovTai, tt)v [xeTafioXrjv, koX fir] BvvcovTai p,i)Te

542

LIKE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V

upon Romans a popular government, and on your- chapself the glory of inaugurating for them a reign of

XXX,H

liberty."1

XXXIV

Throughout Euphrates' long speech, Apollonius chap.

noticed that Dion shared his sentiments, for he XXXIV

manifested his approval both by gestures and the Jj£n doubts

applause with which he hailed his words;

so he practicabii-

asked him if he could not add some remarks of his restoration"

own to what he had just heard. "By Heaven,

I can," answered Dion, "and I should agree in partand in part disagreee with his remarks ;

for I think

I have myself told you that he would have beenmuch better employed deposing Nero than setting

Jewry to rights. But your contention appears to bethat he ought never to have been deposed, on the

ground that anyone who composed the disorder of

his affairs merely strengthened the fellow againstall the victims of his power. I approve howeverof the campaign against Vitellius ;

for I consider it

a greater achievement to prevent a tyranny from

ever growing up, than to put an end to it when it

is established. And while I welcome the idea of a

democracy—for though this form of polity is inferior

to an aristocracy, nevertheless moderate men will

prefer it to tyrannies and oligarchies,—I fear lest

the servility to which these successive tyrannieshave reduced the Romans will render any changedifficult to effect ;

I doubt if they are able to

comport themselves as free men or even to lift their

1

Cp. Tacitus, Hist. i. 16 : dignus eram a quo respublica

inciperet.

543

CAP. e\6V0€pld^€iV /JL7)T€ 7T/309 BqfJbOtCpaTiaV dvaftXeireLV,

oiGirep 01 etc (fKOTovs e? aupoov <£&>? pXeâvre^'oOev

cj)7]jjuBelv rov puev I&lt&Xiov egcoOeiv tmv irpa-

y/JLaTCDV, KObl ft>9 TayiGTCL J€ KOI CLpLGTCL TOVTO

eo-Tcu, yt,yveadco, Bo/cel Be/jlol irapaaKevdêadaL

fxev ct>9 TroXe/JbTjaovra, ttoXc/jlov Be avro) ur) irpo-

fcrjpvrreiv, dWd TifMopiav, el fir) fieOelro Tr}$ tt/9%7/9,

tcav k\r)<$ avrov, rovrl B) virdplêiv yyodfiai croc

/jL7]Be irovqaavTL, BlBov 'Pw/xatofc? aipeaiv rrjsavrcov

TroXiTeias, icav [lev alpcovrcu Br)[iokparlay, ^vy^toperrovrl yap aoi ttoWcov puev rvpavviBwv, ttoW&v

Be 'OXv/jLiridSayv fielôv, teal Travraôv fêv yeypd-^rrj

rr)<; iroXeto^, rravraypv Be earrjêis âX/covs, r)pXv

S'd<f>op/j,ci<; TrapaBcocreis Xoycov, als ovre

f

Ap/jLoBio<;

ovre 'ApicrToyeiTcov TrapafteflXrjaeraL tis. el Be

puovapyiav 7rpoo~Be%o(,vro, rivL Xolttov dXX*r) o~ol

^jrr)(j)io-ao'0aL rr)v dpyr)v rrdvras ; a yap eywv rjBrj

ra> Koivfp 7rapr)crei<s, aol Btjttov /jloXXov r) erepwbaxrovo-cv.

XXXV

xxxvcap. Xi(07rr) fiev ovv eirl rovrois iyevero, /cal rb rrpoa-

(07rov rod ftaaiXecos dy&va eTreBiiXov rr)<; yvco/irj^,

eTrecBr) irdvO* coo-irep avro/cpdrcop ^pr/fiarl^cov re

/cal irpdrrwv dirdyeaQai eBbicei rr)<; /3ov\i}s ravTrjs,

teal 6 'AttoXXcdvlos,"Bo/celre /jlol," elirev,

"d/juap-

544


eyes to a democracy, any more than people who chap.have been kept in the dark are able to look on a xxxiv

sudden blaze of light. I conclude that Vitellius

ought to be driven from power, and would fain see

this effected as quickly and as well as can be;

I

think however that though you should be preparedfor war, yet you yourself instead of declaring war

against him, ought rather to threaten him with

condign punishment, in case he refuses to abdicate;

and in case you capture him, as I believe you will

easily do, then I would fain see you give the peopleof Rome the right to choose their own polity, and,if they choose a democracy, allow it them. For this

will bring you greater glory than many tyranniesand many victories at Olympia. Your name will beinscribed all over the city, and brazen statues of yoube erected everywhere ;

and you will furnish us

with a theme for harangues in which neither

Harmodius nor Aristogeiton will bear comparisonwith you. If however they accept monarchy, to

whom can they all possibly decree the throne except

yourself? For what you already possess, and are

about to resign into the hands of the public, theywill surely rather confer on yourself than on

another."

XXXV

There followed a spell of silence during which CHAP.

the emperor's countenance betrayed contending A olloilkls

emotions;for though he was an absolute ruler both encourages

in title and in fact, it looked as if thoy were trying ^mak™to divert him from his resolution to remain such ;

himself

and accordingly Apollonius remarked :

einpen

545

VOL. I. N N

FLAVIUS PHTLOSTRATUS

cap. rdveiv dvaXvovres j3ao~ikea rrepl 7rpayp,dr(ov tfi

/3e/3ov\€VpLeva)v, e? dBoXeayuav K,aQiarrdp,evoi fiei-

pa/ci<oBr) /cat dpyorepav rod Kcupov. el puev yap

6/Jbol K6KTTJfJL6V(p BvVapbLV, OTTOaTJV OVTOS, KCU /3oV-

Xevo/juevo), ri Bpayqv dv tou? dvOpdoirovs dyadov,

%vfA/3ov\ot, rcov rotovrwv eyiyveo-Qe, Trpovftatvev

dv 6 \6yos vjullv—al yap <pi\6cro(f>i\oa6(j)Ov^ rcov d/cpoarcov BiopOovvrai—

dvBpl Be

^vfiftovXevovras vrrdrcp /cal dpye.iv eldio-puevco, /cal

co eroipov, erreuBdv eKirear) tt}? dpyrjs, diroXcoXevai,

ri Bel eiTLTrXriTTeiv, el firj BtcoOecrat, rd irapd -W}?

Ti;%?7?, dXkd Beyerai puev avrd rjteovra, ftovXeverai

Be, 07TG)? yprjaerai acocppovcos oh eyei; axT7rep ovv,

el d6\rjT7)V opcovres ev-tyvyia re Kareo-Kevacrpuevov

/cal firjicei ical rr)v dppuoviav rod acojiaros errtrrj-

Beiov, e? 'OXvfiTTiav ftaBltôvra oV 'KpicaBias, r/Brj

irpoaeXOovre^ iirl puev tou? dvriircCkov^ eppcovvvpev,

ifceXevo/juev Be avrov, eireiBdv vi/cqay rdy

O\vp,7ria,

fir) Krjpvrreadac t^? vi/cys, /nr)Be vireyeiv rrjv Ke<f>-

a\r)V rco kotlvm, Xrjpelv dv eBoâpuev rj rraiêtv e?

tou? erepcov rrovovs, ovrcos evOvpLovpLevoi tov

dvBpa, /cal orroar] puev cdyyur] rrepl avrov, ottqo-os

Be yak/cos darpdirrei, rrXrjdos Be Xrrrrcov b'aov,

auro? Be &>9 yevvaios Te ical aoo^tpcov ical irpeircov

Karaayelv a Bcavoelrat, rrepnrcopuev e<f>a coppurj/cev

alaia p,ev <f>6eyy6/j,evoi, 7T/90? avrov, evfaifiorepa Be

546


"It seems to me you are mistaken in trying to OBAP.

cancel a monarchical policy when it is already a xxxv

foregone conclusion; and that you indulge a garrulity

as childish as it is in such a crisis idle. Were it I that

had stepped into such a position of influence as he has,and were I, when taking counsel about what good I

could do to the world, treated to such adviceas you now give, your arguments would carry some

force, for philosophic aphorisms might amend the

philosophically-minded of your listeners ; but as it is

a consul and a man accustomed to rule, whom youpretend to advise, one moreover over whom ruin

Impends, if he fall from power, need we carp, if

instead of rejecting the gifts of fortune, he welcomesthem when they come, and only deliberates how to

make a discreet use of what is his own ? Let us take

a similar case. Suppose we saw an athlete well

endowed with courage and stature, and by his well-

knit frame marked out as a winner in the Olympiccontest, suppose we approached him when he was

already on his way thither through Arcadia, and,while encouraging him to face his rivals, yet insisted

that, in the event of his winning the prize, he must not

allow himself to be proclaimed the victor, nor

consent to wear the wreath of wild olive,—should

we not be set down as imbeciles, mocking at

another's labours ? Similarly when we regard the

eminent man before us, and think of the enormous

army at his disposal, of the glint of their brazen

arms, of his clouds of cavalry, of his own personal

qualities, of his generosity, self-restraint, of his

fitness to attain his objects,—ought we not to send

him forward on the path that leads to his goal, with

favouring encouragement, and with more auspicious

547

N N 2

cap. rovrcov 7rap€<yyva)VT€s. ovre yap eKelvo eveOv-

fjLrjOrjre, ore Bvolv iraLBoiv 7rarr}p ol>to?, 01 arparo-nreBcov r/Br) apôvatv, oZ? el

/jltj TrapaBcoaet rr]V

apxtfv, iÔiaroL^ ^pr/aerat, /cal ti Xotirov, aXX' i)

itc7r€7ro\€fjL7]a8aL 7rpo? rbv eavrov olkov; ttjv Be

apXVv viroheâfjuevos OepairevaeTai /xev vnb tcov

eavrov iraLBcov, ar^piêrai Be eir avrcov koX eir

avrov 01 7rcuSe?, Bopvcpopois Be avrov xPV°~6Tat >

/la AC, ov /jbefjbiadwfJLevoi^, ovB' rjvayKaajjLevois,

ovBe irXarropbevoi^ evvovv rrpoacoirov, aXX eirtrr)-

Beiordroi^ re teal cfyiXraroLS.

'E/z-ot rroXirelas fiev ovBepaas jxeXei, £c5 yap vrrb

T0Z9 Oeois, tt)V Be rcov avOpcanrcov ayeXrjv ov/c a%iw

(f>6eipea6ai XVT6L ftovicoXov Bacaiov re koX aco-

(ppovos. coairep yap el? apery irpovxa)V pbediarrjaL

tt)V BrjfioKpartav e? to evbs avBpbs rov aplcrrov

apXVv fycLiveaOai, ovrtos rj eVo? apxv irdvra e? to

^v/Mpepov rod koivov irpoopcoaa Brjfio<; earcv. ov

tcareXvcras, <f>r)o-i, Nepcova. au Be, Evcppara; Alcoi/

Be; iyco Be; aXX* o/xw? ovBels rjfuv emrrX^rrei rovro,

ovS* rjyeXraL BeiXovs, el (ptXoaocpcov dvBpcov fjuvpia?

?]Bt) KadeXovrcov rvpavviBas, cnreXeicpO^jfiev y/nel^

rov Boât V7rep eXevOepla? ri rrpdrreiv. Kalroi to

ye err ifiol ical iraperarr6/JL7]v 7r/)o? TSepcova,

iraXXa [lev icaicorjdtos BieXeyxêUl koi rov ccfjuorarov

TcyeXXlvov errtKoâ^ d/covovra, a Be rrepl rd

eairepia rcov x(JdPi(OV <£<f>eXovv TSlvBifca, Nepcovt1

Kayser reads 5ia\exde'

ls against the sense.

548

pledges for his future than these you have recorded ? chapFor there is another thing you have forgotten, that xxxv

he is the father of two sons who are already in

command of armies, and whose deepest enmity hewill incur if he does not bequeath the empire to

them. Is he not confronted by the alternative of

embroiling himself in hostilities with his own family?If however he accepts the throne, he will have the

devoted service of his own children, they will lean

on him and he on them, using them as his body-guard, and, by Zeus, as a bodyguard not hired bymoney, nor levied by force nor feigning loyalty with

their faces only, but attached to him by bonds of

natural instinct and true affection.f< For myself I care little about constitutions, seeing

that my life is governed by the Gods ;but I do

not like to see the human flock perish for wantof a shepherd at once just and moderate. For justas a single man pre-eminent in virtue transforms a

democracy into the guise of a government of a

single man who is the best ;so the government

of one man, if it provides all round for the welfare of

the community, is popular government. You did

not, we are told, help to depose Nero. And did

you, Euphrates, or you, Dion? Did I myself?However, no one finds fault with us for that, nor

regards us as cowardly, because, after philosophershave destroyed a thousand tyrannies, we have missed

the glory of striking a blow for liberty. Not but that,

as regards myself, I did take the field against Nero, andin response to several malignant accusations assailed

his cut-throat Tigellinus to his face;and the aid I ren-

dered to Vindex in the western half of the empire was,I hardly need say, in the nature of a redoubt raised

549

cap. Btjttov eireTei^Lôv. dXX ovre i/juavrbv Bid ravra

(frrjaQ) readyprj/eevai tov TVpavvov, ovre vpas, iirel

/jlt]tcivt iirpcLTTere, p,aXatca)Tepov<z rjy^cropaL tov

(f>t\o(TO(j)ta 7rpO(T7]KOvro<;. dvBpl fiev ovv (fuXocrocjxp

to eVl vovv eXObv elprjaerat, iroirjaeTai Be, olficu,

Xoyov tov firj tl dvorJTG)<; rj pavirew<; elirelv'

vitcltw

8' evdv/jbov/jbevo) reaTaXvaai TVpavvov TTpcoTov puev

Bel ftovXijs TrXeiovos, lv e£ d(f>avov<; TTpocrfiair) tol<$

Trpdy/jLacriv, cIt eTTLTrjBelov a^fxaTO^ e? to fir)

irapopreelv Boreelv. >el yq,p eV avTov, 09 dire^vev

clvtov crTpaTrfybv teal <L tcl fteXTiaTa fiovXevaeiv

Te real irpdêiv wpuoae, pueXXoL ^pijaeaOac tols

ottXois, aTToXoyelaOac Brjirov rot? 6eoZs Bel irpoTe-

pov, go? gvv baia eiriopreovvTa, (fiiXcov Te Bel irXeio-

vwv, ov yap d%apare(t)TOV<; ye, ovBe d<f>pdreTOV<; ^pytcl ToiavTa irpaTTeuv, teal ^pypLaTcov 009 irXeLO'Tcov,

iv viroTTOirjcraiTo t«? Bwdpuei? teal TavTa eiriTiQe-

fievos dv0pd)7TQ) Ta ev irdcry ttj yfj /eereTrj/xevG).

Tpiftr) Be bay irepl TavTa, oaoi Be y^pbvoi. teal

TavTa fiev eKBeêaOe, biry ftovXeade, p,y yap e?

eXeyôv Iwpuev o)v eveOvpuyOy puev, ft)? etVo?, outo?,

V tvX7) ^ ovBe dycoviaapLevcp %vveXa(Be%

irpb<; Be

ercelvo tl epelTe; tov yap %#e? dpyovTa tealo~Te<f)-

avovpuevov pLev vnrb tcov iroXecov ev tol<; Bevpo

iepols, Xprjp,aTi%ovTa Be Xaparpw^ real d(f>6bv(D<;,

55°


against Nero. But I should not on that account chap.claim for myself the honour of having pulled down xxxv

that tyrant, any more than I should regard your-,selves as falling short of the philosopher's ideal of

courage and constancy, because you did nothing of

the sort. For a man then of philosophic habit it is

enough that he should say what he really thinks ;

but he will, I imagine, take care not to talk like a

fool or a madman. For a consul, on the other hand,who designs to depose a tyrant, the first requisite is

plenty of deliberation, with a view to conceal his

plans till they are ripe for action;and the second is

a suitable pretence to save him from the reproach of

breaking his oath. For before he dreams of resortingto arms against the man who appointed him generaland whose welfare he swore to safeguard in the

council chamber and on the field, he must surelyin self-defence furnish heaven with proof that he

perjures himself in the cause of religion. He will also

need many friends, if he is not to approach the enter-

prise unfenced and unfortified, and also all the moneyhe can get so as to be able to win over the men in

power, the more so as he attacks a man who commandsthe resources of the entire earth. All this demands noend of care, no end of time. And you may take all

this as you like, for we are not called upon to sit in

judgment on ambitions which he may possibly have

entertained, but in which fortune refused to second

him, even when he came to fight for them. Whatanswer, however, will you make to the following

proposition? Here is one who yesterday assumed

the throne, who accepted the crown offered by the

cities here in the temples around us, whose rescripts

are as brilliant as they are ungrudging : do you bid him

55i

cap. tovtov iceXevere hrjfioaia KrjpvrTeiv rrjpiepov, ax?XXXV

, v ,, , rv V , » n

lOlCDTTjS fji€V 6L7] XoiTTOV, TTCLpClVOOdV 0€ €7Ti TTjV

apXVv yX0ev; coairep yap eTureXotv jd cjeBoy/xeva

7TpO0V/JLOV<; $OpV(f)6pOV<;, Ot? 7TL0~T€VCQV TCLVT IveOv-

fjLrjOr], irapao-rrjaeTai, ovtqx; e? rb pbeOiarao-Oai

TWV BogaVTWV TjKWV TToXefJLLW TOO yLt6T<Z TaVTd

aTTiarovfjuevw xpijaeTai"

XXXVI

CAP."AcTyLteiÔ? TOVTCOV CLKOVCia^ 6 ftaaiXeVS,

"€1 T7)V

ylrvXVv >

nfyVf TVV ^Vv ^^?» ovk av ovrco

cra^>a>9, d eveOvfirjOr^v, dTrrjyyetXas' eTTOfiai Stf croc,

Oelov yap rjyovjjbcu to £k o~ov ttclv, /cal oTrocra xprj

rbv dyadbv (3acnXea irpdrrecv SlSao-fce." fcal 6

'AttoXXgovio*;," ov BiBa/crd /xe," €(f>rj,

"epcoras'

ftao-iXeca yap fxeytcrrov fiev rcov /car' dvdpcoTrovs,

dSi&aKTOV &4. birocra 8' ovv puoi hoiceZs Trpdrrcov

vytcos dv irpaâi, /cal Sr) (j)pdaco' ttXovtov rjyov 'jxy

rbv diroOerov—ri yap /3eXrL(ov ovtos ttj<; biroOevhr]

^vvevexdeLa'qs tyd/jifiov;—

/j/rjBe rbv (pocroovra napdvOpooTrcov, 01 Ta? io-(f)opd<; oXocfrvpovrai, /cl/38r)Xov

yap 6 xpvabs /cal fieXav, tjv i/c Ba/cpvcov tftcy

7tXovt(o & av apiara /3ao~cXe(ov XP (?° ro^ fjL^v

heofjuevois iirapKcov, rocg Be iroXXa KefCTrjfievoLS

napkytov do-cpaXy rbv ttXovtov. to iêlvai aoi

irdv, 6 tl ftovXei, 8eBi6i, aco^povearepov yap avrro

552


issue a proclamation to-day to the effect that for chap.

the future he retires into private life, and onlyxxxx

assumed the reigns of government in an access of

madness ? As, if he carries through the policy onwhich he is resolved, he will confirm the loyalty of

the guards relying on whom he first entertained it ;

so, if he falters and departs from it, he will find an

enemy in everyone whom from that moment he mustmistrust."

XXXVI

The emperor listened gladly to the above and chap.XXXVI

remarked :" If you were the tenant of my breast, „

i j x. j. i m. __ i I Vespasian i

you could not more accurately report my inmost pleased

thoughts. Tis yourself then I will follow, for every JJ^*^word which falls from your lips I regard as inspired ;

therefore instruct me, I pray, in all the duties of a

good king." Apollonius answered :" You ask of me

a lore which cannot be imparted by any teacher ; The Sage's

for kingship is at once the greatest of human attain-kingstfip.

ments, and not to be taught. However, I will mention

you all the things which, ifyou do them, you will in myopinion do wisely. Look not on that which is laid by as

wealth,—for how is it better than so much sand drifted

no matter from whence,—nor on what Hows into yourcoffers from populations racked by the taxgatherer,for gold lacks lustre and is mere dross, if it be wrungfrom men's tears

; you will make better use of yourwealth than ever sovereign did, if you employ it in

succouring the poor, at the same time that you render

their wealth secure for the rich. Tremble before

the very absoluteness of your prerogative, for so youwill exercise it with the greater moderation. Mow

553

cap. XP 7iaV' PV êpive T(ov do-Tayywv tovs vtyrfKovs T€

kcli virepaipovTas, clolkos yap o rod ApiaroreXov^

Xoyo<z, dXXa to Bvavovv eâipei pudXXov, wcnrep

t«? cucav6a<$ tcjv Xrjicov, /ecu (froftepos Boicei, Tot?"

vecorepa irpaTTOvat put) iv tw Ttpbcopeladat, dX)C

iv tw Ti/jLcoptfo-eadcu. vopuos, w /3ao-iXev, ical aov

apêro)' acexfypovearepov yap vopboOeTrjaeis, rjv pur)

vTrepopas T(ov vopucov. deovs depdireve pdXXov r)

irporepov pueydXa puev yap ixap avrcov ecXrjcfras,

virep pueydXcov Be ev^y. /cal rd puev rfj dp%f} itpoo--

rjKovra, o>9 ftaaiXevs Trpdrre, rd Be ra> adypuaTt, &>?

ISicoTrjs. nrepl Be Kvftcov ical pêdr)^ ical epcorcov /cal

rod BiafteftXr/o-Oao 737)0? rd rocavra ri dv aoi

irapaivoiriv, ov (f>aao purjBe i<j> rjXi/cias ravra eirai-

veaai; iralBes eicri croi, ftaaiXev, Bvo ical yevvalot,

w? cfraaiv. dpye tovtcqv pudXco-ra, rd yap e/ceivois

dpLaprrjOevra ere Brjirov 8ia/3aXe2. earco Be aoi /cal

aTreCXr] irpb^ avrovs, 009 ov irapaBdiaeis ttjv dpyfiv

crcpio-Lv,el pur) irov tcaXoi re /cal dyaOol pueivwatv,

tva pur) /cXrjpovopLiav rjycovrat ttjv dp^rjv, dXX*

dpeT?)<; aOXa. rd<; Be epLTroXirevopLevas fjBovas rfj

'PdypLy, 7roXXal Be avrai, Bo/cel puoi, <w fiaaiXev,

%vpLpLerpa)<; iraveiv, yaXeirbv yap pueTafSaXelv Brjpuov

e? to ddpoco? acocfypov, dXXa Bel /caT oXiyov

ipmoielv pvOpubv Tals yvcopuais, Ta pev (j>avepco<;.,Ta

Be d(f>avcos BiopOovpuevov. direXevOep&v re ical Bov-

X(ov, ov? 7) dpyj) aot BlBcocrcv, dveXcopuev TpV(pr)v

554


not down the loftier stalks which overtop the rest, chap.for this maxim -of Aristotle's is unjust; but try

XXXVI

rather to pluck disaffection out of men's hearts, as youwould tares out of your cornfields

;and inspire awe of

yourself in revolutionists less by actual punishmentthan by shewing them that they will not go un-

punished. Let the law govern you as well as them,O king ; for you will be all the wiser as a legislator for

so holding the laws in respect. Reverence the godsmore than ever before, for you have received great

blessings at their hands and have still great ones to

pray for. In what appertains to your prerogative, act as

a sovereign ;in what to your own person, as a private

citizen. About dice and drink and dissipation andthe necessity of abhorring these vices, why need I

tender you any advice,who, they say, never approved of

them even in youth. You have, my sovereign, two

sons, both, they say, of generous disposition. Letthem before all obey your authority, for their faults

will be charged to your account. Let your dis-

ciplining of them even proceed to the length of

threatening not to Jsequeath them your throne,unless they remain good men and honest ;

otherwise

they will be prone to regard it not as a reward of

excellence so much as a mere heritage. As for the

pleasures which have made of Rome their home and

residence, and they are many, I would advise you,

my sovereign, to use much discretion in suppressingthem

;for it is not easy to convert an entire people

on a sudden to a wisdom and temperance ;but you

must feel your way and instil order and rhythm in

their characters step by step, partly by open, partly

by secret correction. Let us put an end to pride and

luxury on the part of the freedmen and slaves whom

555

cap. ToaovT(p TCLTreivorepov avrovs eOio-avres <f>poveiv,

oa(p fj,€L%ovo<; hecrirorov elaiv. ri, Xolttov dXX'r)

irepl ro)v rjyefiovcov elirelv, 01 e'9 ra edvrj (jyoi-

raxrw, ov irepl aw avros eKire/Juyjreis, apicrTivhrjv

yap irov ra? dp%d<; hcbo-ets, dXXa irepl r&v kXtj-

po)aojjL€vcov to dpyeiv rovrwv yap rovs fiev irpoa-

(jyopovs rocs eOveaiv, a hieXaôv, (prjfil helv ire/JLirecv,

&>9 6 KXr)pos, eXXrjvlôvras fiev 'EXXijvlkwv apyeiv,

pcofiatôvTas he o/jLoyXcorrcov Kal ^v/jlcjxmvcov.

06ev he tovt €ve(HvfjL7]0r)v, Xe^w Kara tov<? %po-

vovs, ov<; iv HeXoirovvrjaa) hcrjroo/jLrjv, fjyelro rr)<;

r

E\\aSo9 dvdpcoiro<; ov/c elhcos ra ^XXrjvcov, teal

ov& 01 "EUijw? ti eicelvov %vvieaav. ea(f)r)Xev

ovv Kal io-(f)dXr) ra irXetara, oi yap %vvehpoi re

Kal Koivcovol Tr)<$ iv rot? hiKa<TTr\piois yvcofir)?

iKairrjXevov ra? hiKas hiaXaftovres rbv r)ye\xova,

cbairep dvhpdirohov. ravrd fiot, /3ao-iXev, irapeo-rrj

rrj/jbepov, el he ri Kal erepov iirl vovv eXOot, irdXiv

^vveXevao/jueOa. vvvl he ra irpoo-rJKOvra rfj dp^fj

Trpdrre, fir) dpyorepos tol$ virrjKooL'; Sof#9."

XXXVII

cap.rO he Fivcfipdrr/s,

"rol<; fiev hehoyfievots f^7%w-

pw," €<f>r},

"ri yap dv irXeov fierahihdaKcov irpdr-

556


your high position assigns to you, by accustoming CHAP.them to think all the more humbly of themselves,

XXXVI

because their master is so powerful. There remains

only one topic to address you on; it concerns the

governors sent out to rule the provinces. Of those

you will yourself select, I need say nothing, for I amsure you will assign commands by merit

;1 only refer

to those who will acquire them by lot. In their

case too, I maintain, those only should be sent out to

the various provinces so obtained who are in

sympathy, so far as the system of appointing by lot

allows of it, with the populations they will rule. I

mean, that over Hellenes should be set men who can

speak Greek, and Romans over those who speak that

language or dialects allied to it. I will tell you whatmade me think of this. During the period in whichI lived in the Peloponnese Hellas was governed by a

man who knew as little of the Hellenes and their

affairs as they understood of his. What was the

result ? He was in his mistakes as much sinned

against as sinner, for his assessors and those whoshared with him judicial authority trafficked in

justice, and abused his authority as if he had beennot their governor but their slave. This, mysovereign, is all that occurs to me to-day ;

but if

anything else should come into my mind, we can

hold another interview. So now apply yourself to

the duties of your throne, lest your subjects accuse

you of indolence."

XXXVII

Euphrates declared his assent to all these con- chap.

elusions,"For," said he,

" what can I gain by

557

cap.Toiyui ; (piXocrocpLav Be, <w ftaaiXed, rovrl yaf

Xotirov irpoaeiprjaei, tt)v fiev Kara (pvatv eiraivet

kclI dairdôv, rrjv Be deoicXvTeZv (fida/covarav irapai-

tov, fcarayjrevSo/jLevoi, yap tov Oeiov 7roXXa /cal

dvorfra r)/j,a<; eiraipovcnvr ravrl fiev irpbs tov'

AttoXXojvcov avTW iXeyero, 6 Be ovBev ewiGTpanels

dirrjei /jberd TOiv eavTov yvaypifjucdv, Bcavvcra^ ttjv

<T7rovBrjv ftovXofjuevov Be tov TLvcfrpdrov Opaav-

repov re irepl avrov Xeyetv, t^vvfj/cev 6 flacriXev?

/cat Statepovo/j£vo<; avrov,"eV/eaXetTe," €(f>r),

"rovs

$eofjL€vov<; ttj<$ dp^r}? K,a\ d7ro\a{3erco rj ftovXrj to

eavTrjs a^ripa"Oi/t&) fiev Br) 6 TLvcppdrr)? ekade BtaftaXciov

eavrov, jcal yap fidaicavos re ra> fiacriXei ical

v^piarri^ eBoê, koX tou9 Xoyovs tou9 virep T/79

SrjfAOKpaTLas ov% 009 eyoyvcoa/cev elprj/cax;, dXXe? dvTtXoyiav tov

''

KiroXXooviov Bl a irepl 7-/79

dpxfjs i/c€iv 7-779

yvojfjLTjs, ov /jltjveiravaaTO dyairasv eiriyapl^ re

yap rds BtaXetjeis iBo/cei, teal Ta9 epiBa? irapyrelro,

wpav re eirefyaive toZ<$ Xoyois, o'Ca tov irpos to?9

lepoi? aTfiov ifCTTvel, irpocrr)v Be avTw /cal to

dTrocrêBidêiv apiara dvOpojircov. tov Be 'A7ro\-

Xojvlov 6 {SacnXevs ovk r)ya7ra fiovov, dXXa ical

V7T€K€IT0 aVTO> BuOVTL /JL6V Tfl dpÔia, BlT)yOVfjL€V(p

558


continuing to oppose such teaching? But, O my CHAP.

sovereign, I have only one thing left to say, and xxxvn

that is that while you approve and countenance that S^to68

philosophy which accords with nature, you should prejudice

have nothing to do with that which affects a secret against*"

intercourse with the gods, for we are easily puffedAP°llonius

up by the many absurdities this lying philosophyfalsely ascribes to providence." The above remarkwas aimed at Apollonius, who, however, without

paying any attention to it, departed with his com-

panions as soon as he had ended his discourse. AndEuphrates would have taken further liberties withhis character, only the emperor noticed it and puthim aside by saying,

" Call in those who have business

with the government, and let my council resume its

usual form."

Thus Euphrates failed to see that he only

prejudiced himself, and gained with the emperor the

reputation of being a jealous and insolent fellow,who aired these sentiments in favour of democracy,not because he really entertained them, but only byway of contradicting the opinions Apollonius held

in regard to the empire. Notwithstanding, the

emperor did not cast him off or shew any resentment

at his opinions. As for Dion, he did not cease to be

fond of him, though he regretted his seconding the

opinions of Euphrates. For Dion was a delightful Description

conversationalist and always declined to quarrel.°

He moreover imparted to his discourses that sort of

charm which exhales from the perfumes at a

sacrifice;and he had also, better than any living

man, the talent of extempore oratory. Apollonius The .

the emperor not merely loved for his own sake, but JJJ^JJB' 8

was ever ready to listen to his accounts of antiquity, Apollonius

559

cap. Be tov ÎvBbv ^paooTrjv, nroTapbovs re dvaypdfyovTiKal drjpla, vcj)

y

S)Vr) 'IvBlkt) oiKeiTai, TrpoXeyovTi

Be Kal oiroaa ol Oeol irepl tt}<; «o%^ ? ecf>aivov.

eêXavvcov Be t% AlyvTTTOV %W(pKio-pLevr)<; re Kal

vea&vcrrjs, kolvcovov pbev rf}? 6Bov tov'

AttoXKcovlov

eirotelTO, to) Be ovk eBoKei ravra' Aiyvirrov re

yap, oiroarj eariv, ovirco ecopa/cevac, tois re Tv/jLvoU/ovitw atyiyOai e? \oyov, pbdXa i<nrovBaic<£><; ao<pta

'IvBi/cf) dvTiKplvai AlyviTTLav." ovBe NetXou,"

e^)7],"

eiriov, oOev apêrai." jewels ovv 6

ftaaikevs, oti eV Aldtoirlav o-reWerat,,"

r)pLwv

oe, e<p??,ol/ pie/jLvr/ar) ; vr) At , enrev, rjv

/3acn\€v<> dyadbs pLevys Kal aeavrov p,vr)pLovei>rj<$."

XXXVIII

cap. Mera ravra Ovcras 6 fiaaiXevs ev tw lepwXXXVIII r> \>/ -v >"P. / t <s\ </

ocopeas eTrrjyyeiXev avrw br]p,ocna. o be coairep

alrrjo-ddv,"rivas Be" elirev,

"a> [SaaiXev, Baypeas

Bcoaet,?;""Bexa," e^rj,

"vvv, d(f)iKop,evr},

"(fyelBeoSai pie %pr) twv crtov &>?

epbcov Kal pur) airadav avrd vvv diroKeiaopievd pioi

ddpoa' aXhJ eiripbeXrjdriTt tovtcov, a> ftaaikev,

pudWov, eoiKacri yap Beopbevots" eBeiKwe Be dpatoi>9 irepl rbv ^v(f)pdrrjv. 6 puev Br) fiacriXevs

560

LIFETOF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V

to his descriptions of the Indian Phraotes, and to his chap.

graphic stories of the rivers of India, and of the xxxxm

animals that inhabit it ; above all to the forecasts andrevelations imparted to him by the gods concerningthe future of the empire. On quitting Egypt, after

settling and rejuvenating the country, he invited

Apollonius to share his voyage ; .but the latter

declined, on the ground that he had not yet seen

the whole extent of Egypt, and had not yet visited

or conversed with the naked sages of that land,whose wisdom he was very anxious to compare with

that of India. "Nor," he added,

" have I drunk of the

sources of the Nile." The emperor understood that

he wasJabout to set out for Ethiopia and said :

"Will you not bear me in mind?" "I will

indeed," replied the sage," if you continue to be a

good sovereign and mindful#of yourself."

XXXVIII

Thereafter the emperor offered his sacrifice in the££££•„

temple and publicly promised him presents. But The Em -

Apollonius, as if he had a favour to ask, said :" And peror's gift,*

what presents, O king, will you give me?""Ten," Euphrates

he replied," now ;

and when you come to Rome and Dion -

everything I have." And Apollonius answered :

" Then I must husband your riches as if they were

my own, and not squander in the present what is

hereafter to be reserved to me in its entirety. But I

pray you, O king, to attend rather to these gentlemen

here, for they look as if they wanted something."And suiting his words, he pointed to Euphrates

VOL. I.» °

cap. e/ceXevaev alrelv dappovvras, epvOpidaas Be 6

Alcov, "BidXXaljov p,e, fiao-iXev" elire,"7T/oo? 'AttoX-

Xcovlov lov BiBdaicciXov virep a>v avriXeyetv avrti

eBoga, fjbrjTra) irporepov dvTenroav ra> dvBpi"

eiraivkaa^ ovv 6 (SaGiXevs,"%#69," €<f>r),

" tovto

eyco rJTTjaa zeal virdp^ec dXX! acrec virep

BwpedsT /cat 6 Aicov,"

Aao~6evr)<;," ecfrr),

" earl

fjbev e'f 'Aira/jueias rr}<; ev rq> JSidvvoiv eOvei,

!jvfjb(f)ikoo-o(j)(3dv Be plol 'xXapivBos r)pda6rj kcu

CTTpaTLGOTOV {3iOV TOVTOV, ilTeiBr) Tpi/3(OVO<Z ITaXiV

epdv (f>rjai,v, aves rfjs arpareia^, Belrai Be avrbs

ravra. %apte£ Be e/juol puev diro$r)vai avrbv dvBpa

dyadov, eiceiv9 f3ovXeTcu""dv€Lo~d(D,"

€(j>rj,

"BlBco/ju Be avrq> ical rd rcov eo-Tparevpuevcov,

eireiBi] cro^>ta? epa ical crof)." /ecu /xerd rovrov

€9 rbv TLiKfrpdrrjv eirearpdcpr), ra> Be eirio-roXrj

tjvvereTatcTo irepl &v jjrei. rrjv puev Br) iinaToXrjv

cbpeyev, a>9 dvayvcoao/jLevw /caO' eavrov, ftovXrjdels

Be 6 ftaatXevs irapaBovvai riva /car avrov Xoyov

dveyvco Brj/jLoaia iracnv alrcov Be e<f>aivero rd puev

eavrq), rd Be erepois, ical rcov Bcopecov at p,ev

Xprj/jLara rjcrav, at Be virep ^p^pbdrcov. yeXdaasovv 6 'AiroXXcovios,

" elra virep Brj/jLOKparias"

e(f>r),

"gvveffovXeves roaavra pueXXcov alrrjaeiv

(Sao-tXea ;

"

562


and his friends. The emperor accordingly pressed chap.

them to ask boldly what they desired, whereuponxxxvm

Dion with a blush said :" Reconcile me, O king,

with Apollonius my teacher for that I lately ven-tured to oppose him in argument ;

for never till nowhave I ventured to contradict him." The emperor,approving, said :

" As long ago as yesterday I askedfor this favour, and it is already granted. But do

you ask for some gift.""Lasthenes," replied

Dion, "of Apamea, a Bithynian city, who was mycompanion in philosophy, fell in love with theuniform and took to a soldier's life. Now, he says,he longs afresh to wear the sage's cloak, so would

you let him off from the service, for that is theextent of his own request ;

and you will confer

on me the privilege of turning him into a saint,

and on him the liberty of living as he wishes to."" Let him be released," said the emperor,

" but I

confer on him the rights of a veteran, since he is

equally fond of wisdom and of yourself." Nextthe emperor turned to Euphrates, who had drawn

up a letter embodying his requests, and held it

out in expectation that his sovereign would peruseit in private. But the latter was determined to

expose him to criticism, so he read it out loud before

everyone ;and it was found to contain various peti-

tions, some for himself, some for others ;and of the

presents asked some consisted of cash down and

others of credit notes. Whereupon Apollonius with

a laugh remarked :" Then your intention of asking

a monarch for all this did not prevent you from

giving him that good advice in favour of democracy."

503

XXXIX

cap. Ta fiev Br) rrjs Btacpopd?, r)

'

AttoXXcovlco re kcu

JLvcppdrrj eyevero, roidBe evpov, eijeXdcavros Be rov

ftacnXecos icaOrjinovTO aXkrjkwv e? to (pavepov, 6

/lev l&vcppdrrjs %vv opyfj re kclI XoiBopiais, 6 £' av

(f>i\oo-6(f) cos *cal ^vv eXey^cp fiaXXov. oiroaa fiev

Br) JLiK^pdrov fcarrjyoprjKev, &>? irapd to irpeirov

<pi\oao(j)ia TrparrovTos, eêariv'

AiroXXcoviov

fjuaOelv etc rcov 777)09 clvtov eTricrroXcov, irXeiovs

yap' ifjuol Be defte/crea rod dvBpos, ov yap etcelvov

BiaftaXeZv irpovOepf^v, dXXa irapaBovvai rov'

AttoXXcovlov fiiov to?9 firjiTco elBoat. rb jxevTOi

7T€pl rov £vXov Xeyofievov, Xeyerai Be eiravarelv-

acrOai /uuev avrb BtaXeyopbevco tco 'AttoXXcdvUo, firj

KadaceaOai Be, ol fiev ttoXXol BeivorrjTL rov

7r€7r\rjôfjievou Trpoaypdcpovaiv, iyco Be Xoyiafxco

rov ifKrjôvTOS, BC ov eyevero tcpeLTTcov opyrjs

vevLtcrj/cvia? i]Br].

XL

CxtP' ^ ^ T0" A(,0)V°S (j>iXoaocj>ia prjropiKcorepa rr)aiv," avXco real Xvpa fiaXXov rj Xoyco deXye?

ical iroXXaôv tojz^ 77-/009"Aiwva eincrToXoyv

eTwrXrJTTei, rfj Brj/xay(oyLa ravrrj.

564


XXXIX

Such I find was the occasion of the quarrel chap.between Apollonius and Euphrates ;

and after the XXXIX

emperor had departed they openly attacked one tweeiWpoi-another, Euphrates in his anger resorting to coarse i°nius and

Kuplinitcs

insults, which his antagonist met in a philosophical

spirit, only refuting him. His accusations, I mayremark, of Euphrates to the effect that his conductviolated the decencies of the philosophical life, can belearned from the epistles Apollonius addressed to him,for they are not a few. For myself I herewith dismiss

this gentleman ;for it is no part ofmy scheme to say

ill of him, but only to furnish with a life of Apol-lonius those who were as yet ignorant. As to the

tale of the stick, which he is said to have brandished

against Apollonius when he was discoursing, thoughwithout applying it—most people attribute his havingso refrained to the commanding dignity of the manhe was about to strike

;but I prefer to set it down

to the good sense of the would-be striker, and to think

that it was that which enabled him to overcome an

angry impulse which had all but overmastered him.

XL

Dion's philosophy struck Apollonius as being too chap.

rhetorical and overmuch adapted to please and natter,XL

and that is why he addressed to him by way of JJSJ^JPcorrection the words :

" You should use a pipe and a Dion,

lyre, if you want to tickle men's senses, and not

speech." And in many passages of his letters to Dion

he censures his "use of words to captivate the crowd.

56s

FLAVIUS PHTLOSTRATUS

XLI

cap. To Be fir} acpi/ceadcu avrbv irapa rov fiaaiXet

en,, /jbrjBe %vyyeve<r6ai ol fiera ttjv Aljvtttov Kalrot,

koXovvti Kal irXelarra virep tovtov ypa<f>ovTi,

oiroOev fjvve(3rj, BrfXcocrai fiovXofjiar Nepoov e\ev-

Oepav a(j)f)K€ rrjv 'EXXdBa aco^povearepbv neavrov yvovs, Kal eiravr)X6ov at iroXeis e? rjOrj

Acopi/ca Kal Âttlkcl, irdvra re avrjftrjcre %vv

ofjiovoia t&v iroXecov, b/jbrjBe irakcu

r) 'E\Xa? eiyev,

OveGTraaiavos Be dîKo/Aevos dfyeiXero avrrjv

TOVTO, <TTOL(T€lS TTpoftaXXo/JLeVOS KCLI otiCka OV7TCO T%€7rl TOcrbvBe opyrjs' ravr ovv ov \xovov roU

iradovcrLv, dXXa Kal tw 'AttoXXoovlo) iriKporepa

rod rr)s ftaaiXelas rjBovs eBoêv, 66ev eTreo-retXe

ru> ftacrtXel c56V

'

AttoXXgovios Ovea-iracrLavu) /3aatXel yaipeiv.

'EiBovXeocrcd ttjv 'FiXXdBa, w? <f>ao-L, Kal irXeov

}iev otei ti eyeiv Eepgov, XeXr)6a$ Be eXarrov eyjtov

Ne/0ft)ô9' Nepoov yap eywv avrb TraprjTâaro.

eppcoao.

» avrw.

Aiafie/3Xr)fievo<; ovrco 7rpb<z"EXXr)vas, a>9 BovXov-

aOai avrovs eXevOepovs ovras, tL ifiov tjvvovros

Bey ; eppcoao.

566


XLI

I must also explain how it came about that he never chap.

approached the emperor again, nor visited him after XLI.

their encounter in Egypt, although the latter in- tSment of

vited him and wrote often to him in that sense. Hellas -

The fact is, Nero restored the liberties of Hellaswith a wisdom and moderation quite alien to his

character ; and the cities regained their Doric andAttic characteristics, and a general rejuvenescence

accompanied the institution among them of a peaceand harmony such as not even ancient Hellas

ever enjoyed. Vespasian, however, on his arrival

in the country took away her liberty, alleging their

factiousness with other pretexts hardly justifyingsuch extreme severity. This policy seemed not onlyto those who suffered by it, but to Apollonius as

well, of a harshness quite out of keeping with a

royal temper and character, and accordingly he

addressed the following letters to the Emperor:

"Apollonius to the Emperor Vespasian, Greeting.

"You have, they say, enslaved Hellas, and youimagine you have excelled Xerxes. You are mis-

taken. You have only fallen below Nero. For the

latter held our liberties in his hand and respectedthem. Farewell."

" To the same.

"You have taken such a dislike to.the Hellenes,that you have enslaved them although they werefree. What then do you want with my company ?

Farewell."

567


cap. Tco aiJTCO.XL1

'

l

Nepcov rovs "JLXXrjvas irai^cov r/XevOepcoae, av

Be avrovs cnrovBd^cov eBovXcoaco. eppcocro.

Ta jxev Br) BiafidXXovTa Ovecriraaiavov'

AiroX-

Xcovlco ToidBe eyeveTO, arcovcov S' avTov ev BiaTL-

Oepuevov rrjv \xetcl ravra dpyjw 'ftdcrav, ovk dcpavrjs

rjv yaipo&v Kal rjyovjaevo^ eavTco dyaObv irpdr-readai.

XLII

cap. %avpbdcriov'

AttoXXcovlov /cdfcelvo ev AlyinrTcp

eootje' XeovTa rj/juepov airo pVTrjpos r)ye tis, coaTrep

Kvva, 6 Be ov jjlovov tov dyovTa rjrcaXXev, dXXd Kal

octtis irpocreXOoi, teal rjyeipe puev iroXXaôv tcov

iroXecov, Traprjet Be /ecu e? rd lepd vtto tov ic'aOapbs

elvat' ovBe yap to twv Ovofievcov alfxa dveXt^fxaTO,ov$ eirl Ta Bepopbevd re teal payiôjxeva twv

lepeicov rjTTeVy dXXa fieXcTTOVTais BnjyeTO ko\

dpTOis Kal Tpayrj/jLacrL Kal Kpecov tols ecpOols,

evTVêlv Be rjv aifTco Kal olvov ttivovti fir) pueOiaTa-

fievco tov rjOovs. irpocreXdcov Be tco 'AttoXXcovlco

KaQr)fievcp e? to lepbv rot? Te yovacnv avTov irpoa-

eKWâTo Kal eXnrdpec irapd irdvTas dvdpcoTrovs,

a)? fiev ol iroXXol coovto, pucrOov eveKa, 6 Be 'AttoX-

Xcbvios," BelTai fiov" ecprj,

"6 Xecov dvaBiBdâi vfids,

otov dvQpcoirov -yjrv^rjv eêr ^(7TL toLvvv"AfiaorLSovtos, 6 ftacriXevs AlyvirTov irepl tov 'ZatTrjv

vopiov." eirel S' r/Kovcrev 6 Xecov TavTa, dve/3pv-

'X/jO-aTO eXeecvbv Kal dpr)vco8es Kal coXocpvpaTO

568


"To the same. CHAP.XI,!" Nero freed the Hellenes in play, but you have

enslaved them in^all seriousness. Farewell."

Such were the grounds of Apollonius' taking a

dislike to Vespasian. However, when he heard of

the excellence of his subsequent acts of governmenthe made no attempt to conceal his satisfaction, but

looked at it in the light of a benefaction conferred

on himself.

XLII

The following incident also of Apollonius' stay in chap.

Egypt was thought remarkable. There was a man XLn

led a tame lion about by a string, as if it had been a Amasi"in.

dog ;and the animal not only fawned upon him, |^

bi *s «

but on anyone who approached it. It went collectingalms all round the towns, and was admitted evenin the temples, being a pure animal ; for it never

licked up the blood of the victims, nor pounced onthem when they were being flayed and cut up, but

lived upon honeycakes and bread and dried fruits

and cooked meat ;and you also came on it drinking

wine without changing its character. One day it

came up to Apollonius when he was sitting in the

temples, and whined and fawned at his knees, and

begged of him more earnestly than it had ever doneof anybody. The bystanders imagined it wantedsome solid reward, but Apollonius exclaimed :

" This

lion is begging me to make you understand that a

human soul is within him, the soul namely of

Amasis, the king of Egypt in the province of Sais."

And when the lion heard that, he gave a piteousand plaintive roar, and crouching down began

569

cap. %vvo/cXdo-a$, Bd/cpva /et? avrd. karatyoiv ovv

avrbv 6 Â7ro\\(ovio$,"

So/cet," ecfrrj,

"nrepuireiv rov

Xeovra e? AeovroiroXiv dva/ceLaofievov tw UpJp,

fiaa-iXea yap e? to ftao-iXL/ccorarov rwv drjpiwv

pberaftaXovra ov/c a%iw dyeipeiv, /caOdirep robs

7rT«%OL'9 rwv avdp(t)7r(ov." evrevOev ol lepei?

^vveXOovres eOvo-av rco 'A/ubdcnSi, /cal koo-p,ijaavrev r&v irepl rrjv 'AXegdvBpetavXLIIIvv-eareXXero e? Alyvirrov re Ka\ e? AlQioirlav e? f

ovaiav rwv Tvpuvcov. rbv fiev Br) MevtTrirov, eVetSi;

tmv BiaXeyopbevwv r)Br) ervyyave /cal irapprâla

%pr)adai Beivbs rjv, KareXarev avrbOi ecfreBpov rq>

JLiKJypdry, ica\ rbv At,oo-/covpiBr)v IBcbv ov/c eppco-

p,ev(o<; rrpbs rr)v dTToBrjpLiav Bia/cel/ievov irapr)-

rrjo-aro rrjs 6Bov } tov$ Be Xot7rov<; ^vvayaycov, /xera

yap tol»9 aTToknrovTa? avrbv rrepl rr)v''

'Apt/clav

nrpoaeyevovro TrXetovs erepou, Birjec 7r/)o? avrov? irepl

rr)<$ aTroBrjpLias evdevBe dp%d/uevo<z'"ÔXvpLTTLKr)^

Trpopprjo-eoy^r ecf)7j,

"Beopuai rrpbs vpLas, w dvBpe?'

'OXvpLTTiKr} Be 7rp6ppr}ac^ r) roidBe elr) dv 'HXelot

rov? dOXr)Td<$, eireiBdv rj/cr) ÔXvpuna, yvfivd-

%ovaiv r)p,ep(*)v rpid/covra ev avrrj rfj "HAt6\, ical

tjvvayayovres avrovs 6 fiev Ae\(/>o9, ore TLvOca, 6

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to lament, shedding tears. Thereupon Apollonius chap.stroked him, and said :

" I think the lion ought to XLI1

be sent to Leontopolis and dedicated to the templethere, for I consider it wrong that a king who hasbeen changed into the most kingly of beasts should

go about begging, like any human mendicant." In

consequence the priests met and offered sacrifice to

Amasis;and having decorated the animal with a

collar and ribbons, they conveyed him up countryinto Egypt with pipings, hymns and songs composedin his honour.

XLIII

Having had enough of Alexandria the sage set chap.out for Egypt and Ethiopia to visit the naked sages.

XLIH

Menippus then, as he was by now a qualified disputant £avesaSL

and remarkably outspoken, he left behind to watch Alexandria.

Euphrates : and perceiving that Dioscorides had nota strong enough constitution for foreign travel, hedissuaded him from undertaking the journey. Therest of his company he mustered, for though somehad left him at Aricia, many others had subsequently

joined him, and he explained to them about his

impending journey and began as follows :—

aI must needs preface in Olympic wise my ad-

dress to you, my brave friends;and the following

is an Olympic exordium. When the Olympic gamesare coming on, the people of Elis train the athletes

for thirty days in their own country. Likewise,when the Pythian games approach, the natives of

Delphi ;and when the Isthmian, the Corinthians

assemble them and say :

' Go now into the arena

and prove yourselves men worthy of victory.' The

57i


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572


Eleans however on their way to Olympia address the CHAP.

athletes thus :( If ye have laboured so hard as to be XL111

entitled to go to Olympia and have banished all

sloth and cowardice from your lives, then march

boldly on; but as for those who have not so trained

themselves, let them depart whithersoever theylike.'

"

The companions of the sage understood his

meaning, and about twenty of them remained with

Menippus ; but the rest, ten in number, I believe,

offered prayer to the gods, and having sacrificed such

an offering as men offer when they embark for a

voyage, they departed straight for the pyramids,mounted on camels and keeping the Nile on their

right hand. In several places they took boats across

the river in order to visit every sight on it;

for

there was not a city, fane or sacred site in Egypt,that they passed by without discussion. For at each

they either learned or taught some holy story,so that any ship on which Apollonius embarkedresembled the sacred galley of a religious legation.

573

INDEX

Abae, temple at, visited byApolloniua, 399

Abinna, the end of Libya, 467

Achilles, his regard for Nestor andPhoenix and Odysseus, 3G7, 369

Achilles' mound at Ilium, Apol-lonius spends night on it, 367

foil., 377 foil.

Adrastea, goddess of justice, wry-necks hung up to remind thePersian kings of her, 77

Aegae, temple of Asclepius at,

frequented by Apollonius. 17;

philosophic schools at, 17 ; seals

at, 157Aegeon, god of earthquakes, 357

Aegina, risk that Isthmian canalwould flood it, 403

Aegospotami, rain of stones at,foretold by Anaxagoras, 9

Aeolus, his bag of winds, 255

Aeschines, son of Lysanias, refused

gifts of Dionysius of Sicily, 97

Aesop, discussion of his fables, 493 ;

his offering to Hermes, 497

Agraulus, temple of, oath of Ephebitaken in it, 395

Ajax, picture of, by Timomachus,179 ;

his tomb at Troy, 371

Ajax, name of Porus' elephant, 147,181

Alexander and Porus, images of in

the temple of the Sun at Taxila,181

Alexander ascends Mount Nysa in

India alone, 139; dedicates

Porus' elephant, Ajax, to the

sun at Taxila, where Damis and

Apollonius saw it, 147, 181;statue of, at Issus, in India, 227;brass column on river Hyphasis,where he stopped his Indian

incursion, 229

VOL. I.

Alexandria, horse-racing factionsat, 521

Altars raised to Poverty and Art atGadeira, 471

Ammon and Hercules and Athena,Zeus, Cabeiri and Indian Sun andApollo, altars to, in India on theHyphasis, 229

Amoebeus and Terpnus, parts actedby Nero, 477

Amphiaraus the Seer, son ofOecles, still induces dreams inAttica and inspires oracles. 215;shrine of, Apollonius visits it, 399

Amumonae depicted on embroideryof Babylon, 77

Amyclae, Apollo of, his statueamong the Brahmans, 257

Anaxagoras wears a fleece atOlympia, probably as a rain-making ceremony, 7; his pre-dictions, 9; abandoned his

Kroperty,35; observed the

eavens from Mount Mimas inIonia, 127

Andromeda depicted on Babylonianembroideries, 77

Animal sacrifices condemned, 519Animals, parental love among, 155Antioch and Temple of Daphne,

visited by Apollonius, 43; in-solence of its inhabitants andlack of Hellenism there, 345

Antiochus and Seleucus, 109Antisthenes' relation to Socrates,

403Antisthenes of Paros, a Trojan, ex-

cluded by Apollonius from his

company as hateful to Achilles,369 (so in Philostratius. Heroica,18, the shade of -Achilles tearslimb from limb, by night, a girldescended from Hector, left by

577p p

INDEX

a merchant on the shore at theshade's bidding)

Aornus or Birdless rock near Nysa,139

Apamea in Bithynia, Lasthenes aphilosopher and soldier of, 563

Aphrodite, piebald women holy toher in India, 237; symbolicimage of, at Paphos, in Cyprus,345

Apis of Egypt, piebald, 237Apollo and Athena, Zeus and

Cabeiri, altars to, on the Hypha-sis, 229

Apollo, his objections to Orpheusand his oracles, 375; his shrinesat Gryneium, Clarus and Delphi,375

Apollo of Delos, his statue amongthe Brahmans, 257

Apollo, temple of, at Daphne byAntioch the Great, 43

Apollonius, his letters, 9;no wizard,

9; his parentage and miraculous

birth, 11; temple erected to him

near Tyana, 13; a son of Zeus,

15; his education at Tarsus andAegae (c. a.d. 16), 15 foil.; his

prayer, 27; beneficence to his

elder brother, 31 foil.; abjuresproperty and marriage, 33, 35;his vow of silence, 37 foil.; at

Aspendus, 41 ;at Great Antioch,

43; his literary style, 47; reaches

Nineveh, 51 ;meets Damis, 51

;

claims to know all tongues, 53;reaches Zeugma, 55; passesCtesiphon, 59; letters to Scope-lianus, 69, 73 ;

reaches Cissia andrestores Eretrian tombs, 71;reaches Babylon, 79; his inter-

view with King Vardanes, 81-91;

letter reporting his conversationwith King Vardanes, 91; his

prayer to the gods, 95; refuses

king's gifts, 97; spends a yearand eight months at Babylon,113 ; quits Babylon, 119 ; refuses

date wine, 131 ;crosses the

Indus, 147 h reaches Taxila, 167;interview with King Phraotes,183 foil. ;

his cult of the Sun at

dawn, 217; quits Taxila, 227;crosses the river Hydraotes and

reaches the Hyphasis, 229;crosses the Indian Caucasus andreaches the Ganges plain, 241;reaches Parax, 247; reaches theHill of the Indian Sages, 249;his address to the Egyptiansabout the Brahmans, 257; hevisits the Brahmans, 261 foil.;a reincarnation of an Egyptianskipper, 277 foil.; defends theGreeks from the charge of beingthe slaves of Xerxes, 299

; refuseshospitality of an Indian king,307; discusses the World Soulwith the Brahmans, 307 foil.;his works on astral divinationand on sacrifice, the latterwritten in Cappadocian, 321;accepts magic rings from Iar-chas, 321

; spends four monthswith the Brahmans, 335

; returnsto the Bed Sea, 335; writesa farewell letter to the Brahmans,337; revisits Vardanes, 345; re-visits Nineveh, 345; reachesAntioch, 345; sails to Cyprusfrom Seleucia, and thence toIonia, 345; reaches Ephesus,349; he cures the sick, 349;predicts pestilence and goes toSmyrna. 355; prayers againstplague and earthquakes, 355,357; miraculously translated toEphesus, 365; quells plague atEphesus, 365

; goes to Pergamum,367; to Ilium, 367; interviewwith shade of Achilles, 369;popular opinion of him as asaviour, 371; visits Methymnain Aeolia and- repairs tomb of

Palamedes, 373; traverses Eu-boean Sea, 375

• arrives at Athens,385; is refused initiation at theEleusinian mystery, 387 ; exor-cises demon in a youth whomocked him, 391 ; visits Thermo-pylae, 399; visits Dodona,Pythian temple, Abae, shrines of

Amphiaraus and Trophonius andtemple of Muses on Helicon.399; visits the Isthmus andpredicts Nero's cutting of it,

401; confounds a Lamia at

Corinth, 403; attends the

S7»

INDEX

Olympia (a.d. 61), 400; letter

to the Spartan ephors, 411;

rebukes a vulgar panegyrist of

Zeus, 417; proceeds to Lace-demon, 419; sails from Malea to

Cydonia in Crete and visits

Gortyna and Ida, 428, 429;reaches Aricia, where he reprovesPhilolaus, 431 ; enters Rome,441 ; his prayer*, 445; interpretsthe thunderbolt which startled

Nero, 453; examined by Tigel-

linus, whom he strikes blind, 455 ;

raises a girl from the dead, 459;at Gadeira, 467 foil.; interviewwith Governor of Baetica, 485;returns by Libya to Lilybaeumand Messina, 487; interpretsthree-headed baby at Syracuse,491 ;

at Catana, 491 ; stays in

Sicily, 503; returns to Greece.

503; reaches Athens by way of

Leucas and Lecheun, 503;sails from Piraeus for Ionia, 505 ;

reaches Chios, 509;- reaches

Rhodes, 509; dialogue with('anus, a flute player, 509 foil.;

reaches Alexandria, 515; pre-dicts there the acquittal of a

bandit, 517 ;admires the temple

of Alexandria, 519; offers the

image of a bull, 519; condemnshorse-racing factions, 521 ; meetsVespasian in Egypt, 523; con-verses with him on kingship, 527

;

shows second sight in regard to

the burning of the temple on theRoman capitol, 533; criticises

Dion and Euphrates, 533 foil.;

urges Vespasian to becomeemperor, 545 ; his letters to Dion,565; why he quarrelled with

Euphrates, 565; his letters to

Vespasian, -567; recognises soul

of Amasis in a tame lion, 569;sets out with ten companions for

Ethiopa to visit the NakedSages, 571

Apparitions of spectres, 455Arabians conceded to Rome certain

villages near Zeugma, 109Arabs teach Apollonius the bird

language, 57

Archelaus,- king of Cappadocia,

intrigues against Rome, 31 (thisArchelaus was the last king ofCappadocia, from n.c. 36-A.D.17,when he died in Rome. Apol-lonius' life at Aegae must there-fore have begun some timeprevious to A.D. 17)

Arcturus, rising of (two days beforethe Ides of September, accordingto Pliny, Nat. Hist, xi, § 16), 503

Aricia, grove of, Apollonius reachesit on way to Rome, 431

Aristippus of Cyrene refused gifts,97

Armenia* tongue known to Damis,53

Armenians left villages at Zeugmato Romans, 109

Arsaces, king, dedicates a leopardto the Nysian god, Dionysus, 121

Art, Indian, at temple of Taxila,169; ideal and imaginative, notmerely mimetic, 175 foil.

Artaphernes beleaguering Eretriain the embroideries of Babylon,77

Artemis of Perga, her hymnstransposed in the Aeolian andPamphylian modes by Damo-phyle, 87

Asbama, miraculous well at Tyana,15

Asclepius, his temple at Aegae,17 foil.; recommends Apol-lonius to his priests, 21

; his artbased on science of divination,327; temple of, in Pergamum,367 : honoured at the Epidaurianfestival at Athens. 387

Aspendus in Pamphylia on theEurymedon, corn famine therearrested by Apollonius, 39

Assyrian with dropsy resorts to

temple of Asclepius at Aegae, 21Athene Polias, her statue among

the Brahmans, 257Athene Providence or Pronoia,

altar to on the Hyphasi.s, 229Athenians, addicted to many sacri-

fices, 389: their conduct of thefestival of Dionysus rebuked byApollonius, 393

Athens. Apollonius arrives at daringthe Epidaurian festival, 385;

579n-2

INDEX

gladiatorial shows there on Acro-polis stopped by Apollonius, 397

Athos, piercing of, depicted in theembroideries of Babylon, 77

Athos, Anaxagoras and Thales ob-serve heavens from, 129

Atlas, mountain of Libya, 149Attic dialect learned by Apollonius.

15Attica, linen robes worn by the

ancient inhabitants, 225Averting god, statue of erected at

Ephesus by Apollonius, 367

Babylon and Susa, magi there, 49Babylon, its fortifications and

palaces described, 75 foil.; imageof king over gate, 79; Musoniusof, imprisoned by Nero, 431

Babylonian king, Apollonius re-

fuses homage to his image, 79;sacrifices a horse to the Sun, 89

Babylonian palace embroideries, 77

Baetica, Roman governor of seeksan interview with Apollonius, 485

Baetis, river and province of, 475Balara, its myrtles and dates, 341Balm, a nuptial, used in India, 233Banquets of Indian king, 189Bas-reliefs of the mares of Diomedeand of labours of Hercules at

Gadeira, 473Bassus, a parricide of Corinth,

reviled Apollonius, 409Baths, hot, disapproved of by

Apollonius, 47Bells on ships to scare away the

seals 343Biblus,'isle of in Red Sea, 339Birds, recipe for acquiring their

language, 57

Birth, miraculous, of Apollonius, 15Blood of sheep used by Odysseus,

XI. 34, in evoking shades, 377(cp. Heliodorus, Ethiopica, vi.

14)Brahman and Hyrcanian sages,Apollonius resolves to visit them,49

Brahman banquet, 291

Brahmans, their hill fortress de-

scribed, 253; their levitation in

worshipping the Sun, their ex-tract of sunlight, poverty, long

58o

hair, miraculous springs andcostumes of flax, 257 foil.

Brahmans of India, 7Bronze of the Pegadae, 339Brotherhood or religious societyformed by Apollonius, 427

; manyforsake him at Aricia from fear of

Nero, 435; others join him, 571

;

leaves twenty with Menippus atAlexandria and starts with tenfor Ethiopia, 573

Byssus, how it grows, 169

Cabeiri, altar to on the Hvphasis,229

Calchas, his predictions in Homer,65

Callicratidas of Arginusae, his de-scendant at Sparta reformed byApollonius, 421

Calligraphist accompanies Apollo-nius to Nineveh, 51

Calpis, 467Camels, speed of, 129; use of in

India,' 223; white camels ofPhraotes on the Indus, 225

Canus, flutist, of Rhodes, 509Caphereus in Euboea, 71

Cappadocia under King Archelans,31; badness of the Greek therespoken, 15 (cp. Philostratus,Vitae Sophistarum, ii. 13)

Cappadocian language, Apolloniuswrites a work on Sacrifice in it,

321, 389Carian slaves, 283; flocks fed on

figs, 341Carman, Indians of, live on fish, 341Cassander of Macedonia, 99Catana, Apollonius visits, 491Caucasus beyond the Hyphasis and

stretching to the Red Sea, 237;cinnamon shrubs on, 237

Caucasus traversed by Apollonius,on way from Babylon to India,115, 119, 123

Celts, ocean tides among, 469Chariot with four poles of Alex-

ander, 227Chase of animals, condemned by

Apollonius, 107Chios, Apollonius reaches, 509Chrysippus, school of at Aegae, 17Cilicia, the rich criminal of, re-

INDEX

jected by Atfclepius, 25; an im-moral governor of, assails Apol-lonius at Aegae, 29; and is

executed for intriguing withArchelaus against the Romans, 31

Cinnamon of Caucasus, attracts

goats, 237Cissia, region close to Babylon,

settlement of Eretrians in byDarius, 67, 69 foil. (Cissia wasthe country round Susa, due eastof Babylon. Hence Anollonius

"diverged from the high road,"p. 69, to Babylon in order to visit

the Eretrian settlement there)

Cittium, city of Philolaus the

philosopher, 431Clarus, oracle of Apollo at, 375

Claudius, emperor, his weaknesses,523

Clazomenae, Scopelianus the so-

phist of, letter of Apollonius to

him about the Eretrians, 69, 73Clouds, figures of animals discerned

among clouds in the sky, 175

Clytiadae, a prophetic family, 519

Cockcrow, Achilles' ghost flees at;

385Cockle of Biblus in the Red Sea, 339

Colonus, Acharnanians of, 395

Colophon, oracle of, testifies to

wisdom of Apollonius, 349Communism inculcated by sparrow

at Ephesus, 351

Cophen river, 129; crossed byApollonius, 135

Corcyra, a youth of, exorcised byApollonius, 389

Cosmos and elements_and world

soul, discussed between Apol-lonius and the Brahmans, 307 foil.

Crates, philosopher of Thebes, 35

Cresphontes, play of, 479

Crete, Apollonius warned in a vision

to visit Crete, the Nurse of Zeus,427

Ctesiphon, Median frontier station

at, 59; Eunuch satrap of, olfers

supplies to Apollonius for his

journey, 61

Cycnus slain by Achilles, 369

Cydnus, river at Tarsus, 17

Cydonia, port of Knossus, visited

by Apollonius. 427

Cydoniatis, an island arises nearby, between Thera and Crete,429

Cyparissus, an Assyrian youth in

legend of Daphne, 43Cyprus visited by Apollonius, 345

Damis joins Apollonius at Nineveh,51

; his knowledge of Armenian,Persian and Median tongues, 53 ;

his diary written in barbarousGreek, 53 ; regards Apollonius asa demon or god, 53 ; forbidden tovisit the magi with Apollonius,79; wishes to accept gifts, 97;partakes of wine and flesh, 131;recognises Apollonius as super-humanly wise and good, 325;owes his Hellenism to him, 325;the witness to the story of theLamia at Corinth, 409

Damis of Nineveh, his memoirs of

Apollonius, 9, 11, 53; wrotedown the more important dis-courses of Apollonius, 389

Damophyle, a Pamphylian musi-cian and friend of Sappho, 87

Dancing by Athenians disguised asHours or Nymphs or Bacchants,condemned by Apollonius, 393

Daphne of Antioch, Assyrian legendof, 43

'

Daridaeus, after 88 years a suc-cessor of Darius (? i. 9, Artax-erxes* Mnemon), 71

Darius settles Eretrians in Cissia,69

;sacrificed to Justice, 83

Date wine refused by Apollonius,but drunk by Damis, 131 foil.

Datis plucking Naxos out of thesea, depicted in embroideries of

Babylon, 77

Dead, a girl raised from the, byApollonius in Rome, 457

Delphi, Indian silver disc dedicatedby Indians there to Dionysus, 137

Demeter and Dionysus, images of,worn on body, 507

Demetrius condemned bathing andpublic baths, 449; Apolloniusmeets him again at Athens, 503 ;

finds Musonius digging Nero's

canal; 503Demetrius, Cynli of Corinth, men-

58.

INDEX

tioned by Favorinus, follows

Apollonius, 403. (He was afriend of Thraseas and Seneca)

Democritus, his intercourse withmagi, 7

Demon expelled by Apollonius over-throws a statue at Athens, 391

Demoniac possession. A boy pos-sessed by an amorous demon whohated women, and saved by aletter from Iarchas, 317; demon-iac Corcyrean mocks at Apollo-nius at Athens and is exorcised,390, 391; Tigellinus regardsApollonius as a demon, 455

Demons, i. e. supernatural beingsor spirits, sometimes good, some-times bad. Dami3 regards Apol-lonius as one, 53

Didyma, oracle of, testifies towisdom of Apollonius, 349

Dion, 523 ;doubts the possibility of

a restoration of the RomanRepublic, 543; his good natureand eloquence, 559; Apolloniuscriticises his tendency to natterin a letter, 565

Dionysus and Hercules assail Indiaand fail, 205

Dionysus, festival of, in monthAnthesterion at Athens. 393;image of. worn on person, 507

Dionysus of Limnae, his statue

among the Brahmans, 257Dionysus of Nysa in India, 121,

133 ;not the same as the Theban,

137 ; expedition of latter to India,137 ;

silver disc dedicated to himat Delphi by Indians, 137; son ofthe Indus river, 137

Dioscorides, disciple of Apollonius,left at Alexandria by Apoll-lonius, 571

Dioscorus, sons of, in the GreekDioscoridae. They are coupledwith another band, called Phae-dimi, and appear to have beenreligious brotherhoods of somekind, attracted into the orbit of

Apollonius but otherwise un-known to us, 367

Divination, impeded by wine-drink-

ing, 209 foil.; by disc of rising

sun, 519

Dodona, visited by Apollonius, 39Domitian, his struggle at Rome

with Vitellius seen by Apolloniusin Alexandria, 533

Dragons of India described, 243foil.; how caught by charms,247 ; mystic stones in their eyes,247

;their heads stored at Parax,

247Dragons, on the Acesines, 161Dream interpreters, 215Dream of Apollonius warning him

to visit Crete, 427Dreams, favourable in Temple of

Asclepius, 367

Eagle in Prometheus legend, 123Eagle stone drives away snakes.

155"Ears "

of the king at Babylon.81

Earthquake in Crete. 429; at

Smyrna, Miletus, Chios, Samoaand the lades, 357

Ecbatana, plain of, 73; walls of,

shown to Apollonius by Var-danes, 111

Eclipse of sun (? A.D. 64) in Rome451

Egypt, Upper, its religious societies,515

Egyptian sea trade with India byway of the Red Sea, 311

Egyptians traduced the Greeks in

India, 303; warn Nero of thedangers of an Isthmian canal, 401

Elephants, their docility, 141 foil.;lament over their subjection bynight, 145

;how used in war, 147 ;

Libyan, 147 ; their great age, 147;

their tusks, 151; and tricks, 151;their sagacity in crossing a river,153, 159

Eleusinian mysteries, Apolloniusdenied initiation as being awizard, 387; Apollonius is initi-

ated, 503Elis, letters of Apollonius to, 9;

people of, their skilful conductof the Olympic games, 415

Empedocles of Acragas, claimed tobe a god, 5 ; sacrificed a pastrybull at Olympia, 5; consortedwith magi, yet no magician, 7

532

INDEX

Emperor Tiberius' statues in Aspen-dus, 41

Empusa or hobgoblin on the Indus,123

Enceladus, fable of, at Etna, 499Enodia or goddess of the crossways,

her shrines accommodate tenworshippers, 373

Ephesian plague demon in formof a blind beggar, 365

Ephesus, its inhabitants welcomeApollonius, 349 ; their effeminacyrebuked by Apollonius, 351 ;

pestilence at, predicted by Apol-lonius, 355

Ephors of Sparta, letter of Apol-lonius to, 411

Epicurus, school of at Aegae, 17Epidaurian festival at At liens, 385Eretrians settled in Cissia by

Darius, 69, 71; their tombsrestored by Apollonius, 71 (see

Herodotus, vi. 119); King Var-danes promises to protect them,103

Erythras, King, gave his name tothe Red Sea, 311, 337

Ethiopians derived their wisdomfrom India, but, after murderingKing Ganges, were expelled, 271

Etna, Apollonius visits, 493;legends about it, 493, 499;explanation of by Apollonius, 501

Euboea, seaflght in the Hollows of,73

Eudoxus of Cnidus refused gifts,99

Eunuchism discussed by Apolloniuswith Damis, 95, 105

Euphorbus of Troy reincarnated in

Pythagoras, 3

Euphranor, artist, 169Euphrates and Dion, 523 foil.

Euphrates, his libels on Apollonius,35 ; rebuked by Apollonius, 185 ;

urges Vespasian to restore the

republic, 537 ; accuses Apolloniusof imposture in claiming to holdintercourse with gods, 559; asksfor a largess of Vespasian, 563;his mercenary instincts blamedby Apollonius, 563, 565

Euphrates joins the Nile in Egypt,57 ; mouth, 345

Euripides, Bacclute, 980, cited, 395;

Andromache, v. 418. cited, 157Euthydemus of Phoenicia teaches

letters to Apollonius at Tarsus,17

Euxenus of Heraclea in Pontus,a Pythagorean teacher at Aegae,17; asks Apollonius why hewrote no book, 37

Exomis of flax worn by Brahmans,261

Exorcism of a demon by a letter.

317; an evil spirit is sent into astatue, which falls, 391 ; Apol-lonius questioned by Tigelhnusabout his exorcisms, 455

Eabricius, name of a citizen of

Smyrna, 357Fates, questions of Apollonius to

Achilles dependent on their

approval, 381 ; submissivenessto, of Apollonius, .489

Favorinus (ft. under Hadrian)mentioned Demetrius the cynic,403

Figs of Caria, 341Fish, food for cattle in Stobera, 341 ;

salted in Pontus, 341Flax or land wool used by Brah-

mans, 261Fleece, use of in connection with

rain, 7

Flute-playing discussed by Apol-lonius with Canus of Rhodes,509

Flutes made of skin of a stag ora donkey, 511

Foreknowledge, gift of, possessedby the Brahmans, 251, 263;discussion of. 323; of Damis,325; of Apollonius in regard to

sparrows, 351; in regard to

pestilence at Ephesus, 355;Apollonius questioned by Tigel-hnus about his prophesies, 457:due to divine inspiration andnot to magic in case of Apollonius,489 ;

foresees sinking of a Sicilian

ship, 503; prophecy in regard tohis initiation, 503

Frankincense offered to the sunby Apollonius, 89; by Pytha-goras, 3 ; see vol. ii. 339

583

INDEX

Gadeira, Apollonius leaves Romefor, 463; short twilight at, 469-altars of poverty, art andHercules of Egypt at, 471 ;

Hellenism of, 471, 483Gaetuli, 467Gaius emperor, his Bacchic frenzyand Lydian costumes, 535

Galba's strumpet sons, Otho andPiso, 537

Games of Hellas, 99, 101

Ganges, 205 ; canals, plain irrigated

by, 241Ganges, king of India, slain by the

Ethiops, 271; his virtues, 273;fixes in the ground seven swordsof adamant, 275

Gem-collector in Rhodes, 513

Geryon, his cows, 471 ; trees of, 473Ghosts tortured by wizards, 489Girdle of Teucer of Telamon at

Gadeira, 473Gladiatorial shows stopped in

Athens by Apollonius, 397Glutton of Rhodes rebuked, 515

Gods, Brahmans affirm themselvesto be such, 269

Golden water spring in India, 329

Gortyna visited by Apollonius, 429Greeks abused by an Indian kingand defended by Apollonius, 291foil.

Greek tongue used by the Brah-mans, 251; statues and rites in

India, 257Griffins that search for gold, sacred

to the sun, incapable of longflights, 333

Gryneium, oracle of Apollo at, 375

Hair, long, of Apollonius, 21; of

Achilles sacred to the Spercheus,379

Hare leleased in a room to curea woman who suffered in child-

birth, 319Harpists of Nero in Rome, 441Helen, her phantasm only at Ilion,

383Heliad poplar (the Heliades, sisters

of Phaethon and turned into

poplars, shed tears of gold), 473Helicon of Cyzicus, refused gifts

97

Hellanodicae ten in number, 297Hellas, Apollonius advises Ves-

pasian to send there only hellen-ised governors, 557

Hellas, favoured by Nero, butchastised unjustly by Vespasian,567

Hellenism at Gadeira, 471, 483Hephaestus, legend of, at Etna, 501Heraclea in Pontus, home of

Euxenus, teacher at Aegae, 17Heraclidae of Euripides read by

Phraotes, king of India, 201Heraclitus, a saying of, 23Hercules and Dionysus, their

Indian campaign repelled bythe Brahmans, 205, 253; theEgyptian, not the ThebanHercules, visited Gadeira, 207;altars to, at Gadeira, 471-3;at Erythea near Gadeira, 471.

Hercules or Heracles, brother of

Ammon, altar to, on the Hypha-sis, 229

Hestiaeus, brother of Apollonius,by whom his morals are reformed,33

Homer cited, 37, 65 : Iliad, 2. 308,243 ; 18. 375 quoted, 289 ; 24. 797cited, 369

;4. 451 cited, 521

; 13.130 cited, 441; Od., 20. 18, 37

Horse of Nisaean breed sacrificedto the Sun by King Vardanes, 89

Horse-racing factions at Alexandriacondemned by Apollonius, 521

Hours, singers at Athens danceddisguised as Hours or as nymphs,393

Hydraotes, river in India, to-daythe Ravi, 137, 163; crossed byApollonius, 229

Hyphasis, river, 199; marked thelimit of Alexander's Indian cam-paign, 229; its course described,233; its fire worms, 235; its

precipitous course into the RedSea, 337

Hyrcanian sages, Apolloniusresolves to visit them, 49

Hyrcanian and Scythian wares,507

Iamidae, a family of Prophets in

Elis, 519

584

INDEX

Jarchas, chief Brahman, letter ofPluaotes to, 225; his metalihrone, 261; his prescience, 263;his religious rites, 265; affirmsthe Brahmans to be gods, 269;a reincarnation of King Ganges,275; his letter to an amorousdemon, 317; his miraculouscures, 317 foil.; gives seven magicrings to Apollonius, 523

Ichor, or mother of pearl, 343Ida in Crete, visited by Apollonius,

429Ilium, tombs of Achaeans there

visited by Apollonius, 367Image seller refuses Apollonius as

a passenger in his ship for Ionia,507

Incantations and anointings of

wizards, 489Indian king abuses the Greeks and

is rebuked by Apollonius, 291

foil.; identifies himself with the

Sun, 293Indian magic tripods, Apollonius

never tried to understand them,489

Indian rites performed at middayby Apollonius, 533

Indian sages never subject to

Alexander, 203 ;live between the

Hyphasis and Ganges, 205Indian training in Philosophy, 195Indus river, tall men upon it, 123 ;

described, 165; its resemblanceto the Nile, 167 ; sacrifices of bulls

and black horses to it, 167, 199;Patala situated at its mouth, 339

Influenza, outbreak of in Rome,453

Inscriptions of Hercules at Gadeira,473

Io, idol of, at Nineveh, 51

Ionia, Apollonius sails from Piraeus

for, 505

Ippola in Baetica, anecdote of a

tragic actor at, 483Islands of the Blessed, off Libya,

471Isthmus of Corinth, Apolloniu3

visits it and predicts Nero's

attempted cutting of it, 401Isthmian Canal of Nero, 481

Ivory, different kinds, 149

Ixion, 209

Jerusalem, siege of, 525Jews pollute! Judaea, 525; the

enemies of mankind, 541Juba, king of Libya, on age of

ebphants, 149; on aid renderedby them one to the other, 161

Julia, empress, sets Philostratus toedit Damis's memoirs, 11

Kadus natives, or Cadusii in themodern Gilan, their tongueknown to Damis, 53

Labyrinth of the minotaur atKnossus, 427

Lacedaemon, built without protect-ing walls, 111

Lacedaemonians, long hair of, 261Ladon, river of Antioch, father of

Daphne, 43Lamia at Corinth confounded by

Apollonius, 403 foil.

Lasthenes of Apamea, freed frommilitary service, at Dion's request,by Vespasian, 563

Leben shrine and promontory, so-called because it resembles a lion,429

; Libyan pilgrimages thither,429

Lechaeum, Nero begins Isthmiancanal at, 401 ; Apollonius reacheson his way to Athens, 503

Leonidas, tomb of, at Pylaea, 399Leopards of Armenia, their love of

the gum of the Styrax, 121; of

Arsaces, 121Lese Majestt committed by a masterwho struck a slave on whoseperson was a coin of Tiberius,41 (cp. Tacitus, Annal, iii. 36;Sueton., Tiberius, ch. 58; ActaPauli et Theclae)

Letter of Apollonius to the Indiansabout tides, 469 ; to Dion, 565

Leucas, Apollonius touches at, 503Levitation of the Brahmans during

their prayers to the Sun, 257, 265Libations poured out over the

handle of a cup, 391Libya, described, 467Libyan pilgrimages to shrine ofLeben in Crete, 429

5»5

INDEX

Lilybaeum, Apollonius touches at,

487Linen dress of Indians, 169Linen worn by old inhabitants of

Attica, 225Lion, a tame lion recognised by

Apollonius as a reincarnation of

King Amasis, 569 foil.

Long hair of Brahmans, Spartansand people of Thurium andTarentum and Melos, 261

Lotus attracts goats, 237Lucullus, name of a citizen oi

Smyrna, 365

Lychnites or Light-stone drives

away snakes, 155

Magi, or wizards of Babylon, 7;visited by Apollonius, 79. 91;Damis is forbidden to visit them,79

Magi of Babylon, Susa, 49

Magnetic stone, 329; same as the

Pantarbe, 331

Malea, port of departure for Borne,427

Marriage, Pythagoras defended it

Apollonius abjured it, 35

Martichoras, the, or man-eater, 329Maximus of Aegae, a biographer of

Apollonius, 11;a secretary of the

Emperor (Tiberius), 31Medes and Persians, their tongueknown to Damis, 53

Median fashion and pomp of adrunken king, 287

Megabates, brother of King Var-

danes, sees Apollonius in Antioch,87

Megistias the Acarnanian, 399

Melians, their long hair, 261Melicertes and Pelops worshipped

as gods by Greeks, 301Memnon and Cycnus slain by

Achilles, 369Memory of Apollonius, 15; his

hymn to Memory, 37

Menippus the Lycian, pupil of

Demetrius, falls in love with aLamia at Corinth, 403; followswith Apollonius to Borne un-daunted by Nero, 437 ; restrained

by Apollonius from abusing Nero,453; accompanies Apollonius to

586

Gadeira, 475; discusses fables of

Aesop, 493 ; left at Alexandria towatch Euphrates, 571

Menon, pupil of Herod the Sophist,an Ethiop, 251

Merchant life unworthy of aSpartan, 423

Merus or Thigh mountain nearNysa in India, sacred to Dionysus,137

Mesopotamia, description of, its

situation and inhabitants, 55;not subject to Borne whenApollonius visited it, 57

Messina, Apollonius hears there ofNero's flight, 487

Methymna in Aeolia, tomb ofPalamedes there repaired byApollonius, 373

Millet and sesame of Ganges region,241

Milo, statue of at Olympia, ex-plained by Apollonius, 413

Minos, judge in Hades, 285;accounted unjust by Apollonius,429

Miracle of healing a lame man, 317;of healing a blind man, 317

;of

healing a paralytic, 319 ; of heal-

ing a woman who suffered in

labour, 319; of bringing a girlback to life, worked by Apollonius,457

Miraculous translation of Pytha-goras from Thurii to Meta-pontum, and similar translationof Apollonius from Smyrna toEphesus, 365 (cp. bk. viii, ch. 10)

Mnestheus, sacrificed to at Gadeira,471

Moeragenes, wrote four books onApollonius, 11; mentioned workof Apollonius on divination bymean3 of stars, 321

Molossian dog, plague at Ephesustakes form of, 367

Muses and Nereids, 381Muses, temple of, on Helicon,

visited by Apollonius, 399Musonius of Babylon, imprisonedby Nero, 431

; correspondence in

prison with Apollonius, 459;set to dig out' the Isthmian canalin chains, 505

INDEX

I Myoale, Mount, the limit of theCaucasus, 119; 1 he observatoryof Thales on it, 127

Myrrh used in pearlfishing, 343

Naked sages of Ethiopia, 571Naked sophists, or gymnosophistae,

of Egypt, 7

Naxos, plucked up out of the sea

by Datis (cp. Herodotus, vi. 96),77

Nearchus on the river Acesines,161 ;

his voyage to Patala, 339Nereid, a demon of Selera, 341Nereids, their dirges at the tomb

of Achilles, 381Nero attempts to sever the Isthmus

of Corinth, 401; a competitorat the Olympic and Pythiangames, 401

; opposed to philo-

sophers whom he suspected of

magic, 431 foil.; Apolloniusexhorts his followers not to fear

him, 439; his harpists, 441; his

musical compositions, 443; opens

a new gymnasium in Rome (a.d.60), 449 ; sings naked in a tavernat Rome, 451

;has influenza and

loses his voice, 453; a thunder-bolt cleaves the cup in his hand,453 ; his voice, 457 ; departs to

(heece, 463; his fear of theElean whips, 477 ; he acts partsof Amoebeus and Terpnus, ofCreon and Oedipus, 477; his

terrorism, 481 ;his canal through

the Isthmus, 481;wins prize at

Olympia, 481; discussed byVespasian and Apollonius, 527,529; restored the liberties of

Hellas, 567Nile, Apollonius sails up with ten

companions, 573Nile gauges, 523Nominativus pendens in Philo-

stratus, 375 (ch. xiv, ad finem)Nysa in India, home of Dionysus,

121 ;shrine on it described, 135

Oaths confirmed by holy well at

Asbama, 15; by well on hill of

the Brahmans, 255Oenomaus, play of, 479Oeta, Mount, 399

Olympia, deferred by Nero, 477Olympic games, Apollonius invited

to, 401 (for Olympiad 210, a.d.

61); Apollonius attends them,409

Olynthus, 101Oreitae, land of, its bronze, 339Orichalcus, Indian coins of, 131Orpheus, with a peaked cap in the

embroideries of Babylon, 77;shrine of at Lesbos, visited byApollonius, 374 ; his head broughtfrom Thrace, 375

Orthagoras, his erroneous accountof the Red Sea, 339

Otho dies in West Galatia, 491Otho, strumpet son of Galba, 537Owl's eggs, use of to cure propensity

to drink wine, 319

Painting, discussion of betweenApollonius and Damis, 173 foil.

Palamedes, a reincarnation of,

among the Brahmans, 277 ; tombat Methymna restored by Appol-lonius,373 ; he really went to Troy,383

Pamphylia visited by Apollonius,39

Panegyrist of Zeus, rebuked byApollonius, 417

Pangaeus, mountain used by Thalesand Anaxagoras to observeheavens from, 129

Pan-Ionian sacrifices at Smyrna,355; the Pan-Ionian cup of

libation, 357Pans aid Hercules and Diony9us

to attack the Brahmans, 253Pantarbe stone, 331Parable of the Ship of State, 363Parax, a city of India, 247Parrots, 19Parthenon, attracted birds into its

vestibule, 141Patala, a city at the mouth of the

river Indus, 339Patroclus, his remains buried with

those of Achilles, 381Peaccck fish in the Hyphasis, 233Pearls of the Red Sea, 339; how

fished for, 343Pegadae in the land of the Oreitae,

their bronze, 339

587

INDEX

Pelops enslaved Arcadia andArgolis, yet worshipped byGreeks, 301

Pepper trees of the Indian Caucasnsharvested by apes for the Indians,239

Pergamum shrine testifies to wisdomof Apollonius, 349; frequentedby whole of Asia, 429

Pergamum visited by Apollonius,367

; temple of Asclepius there,367

Pharion of Alexandria, rescued byApollonius, 517

Pharps island, abode of Proteus,281

Philolaus, philosopher of Cittium,warns Apollonius not to face

Nero, 431 foil.

Philosophers persecuted by Neroas magicians, 431

Philosophy, how studied in India,195

Philostratus, his sources for thelife of Apollonius, 9, 11, 53

Phoenix, legend of, 333Phraote3, king of India, his palaceand style of living, 183; talks

Greek, 187; his palestra andbath, 189; his banquet, 189;history of his accession, 197 foil. ;

his judgment about the treasurefound underground, 219 foil.;writes in behalf of Apollonius toIarchas, chief Brahman, 225

Phyton of Rhegium refused giftsof Dionysius, 97

Picture-collecting in Rhodes, 513Pillars of Hercules described, 467,

469Pious One, the Place of the, on

slopes of Etna, 501Pirates of Phoenicia, 279 foil.

Piso, strumpet son of Galba, 537Pitch well in Cissia, 69Plague demon at Ephesus in form

of an old beggar who changesinto a dog, 363 foil.

Plato, visit to Egypt, 7 ; school of,at Aegae, 17; refused gifts inthree voyages to Sicily, 97

Polygnotus, artist, 169Polyxena, her suicide on tomb of

Achilles, 381

Pontus, salt fish of. MlPortico of the king of Athens,

391Porus and Alexander, their exploits

depicted by Greek artists atTaxila, 169

Porus, his magnanimity, in refusingto sacrifice to the Indus againstAlexander, 171

Poseidon, Lord of Safety, 363Prayers of Apollonius, 27, 95, 445Prediction, power of, possessed by

Apollonius, 7; by Socrates, 7;by Anaxagoras, 9

Presents, Apollonius declines Vespa-sian's, 561

; Euphrates asks for

them, 563Prometheus bound on the Caucasusand rescued by Hercules, 123

Proteus, reincarnate in Apollonius,13; lived in Pharos, 281

Provincial governors should under-stand the language and mannersof the provinces to which they aresent, 557

Pygmalion's golden olive at Gadeira473

Pylaea (Thermopylae), Thessalianstransact Amphictyonic business

at, 399Pythagoras, his metempsychosis,

3, 269 ; repudiated animal sacri-

fice, 3 ; his intercourse with gods,3; an emissary of Zeus, 5; onthe river Acesines, 161 ; miracu-lously transferred from Thuriito Metapontum, 365; spiritualancestor of Apollonius, 377

Pythian temple, visited by Apol-lonius, 399

Rain produced by wearing of afleece, 7

Realgar well, 255Red Sea (or Indian Ocean), 237, 273Red Sea named after King Erythras,

311, 337; Orthagoras' errorsabout it, 339 ; change of positionsof stars as seen from it, 339

Reincarnation of Euphorbus in

Pythagoras, 3, 269; of Proteusin Apollonius, 13 ; of Palamedesin a Brahman youth, 277; of

an Egyptian skipper in Apol-

588

!

INDEX

lonius, 279 foil.;

of King Amasisin a tame lion, 569 foil.

Relic cult in antiquity; head of

Orpheus, 375; girdle of Teucer,473

Religion, inseparable from a puremorality, 27, 29

Rhodes, the colossus criticised byApollonius, 509; Canus, flute-

player there, discussion pn flute-

playing, 509; the nouveau-riehethere rebuked, 513

Rings, magic rings for each day of

the week, given by Iarchas to

Apollonius, 323Ritual purity, with abstention from

wearing of skins, from flesh diet,of Pythagoras, Empedocles, Apol-lonius, 3-7, 91

Roman embassy to Yardanes aboutvillages near Zeugma, 109

Roman governor of Greece illtreats

the Lacedaemonians, 425Roman names in Ionia objected to

by Apollonius, 355Roman provincial governors, their

venality, 283

Rome, religious revival under Nerothere, due to Apollonius, 449

Sacrifice, Apollonius' treatise on to

be found in temples and in housesof the learned, 321

Sacrifices, bloodless offered byApollonius at the tombs of theAchaeans in Ilium, 367 ; and of

Achilles, 377; barbaric, of

wizards, 489Salex. river of Libya, 467Samothrace, Cabeiri of, altar tothem in India, 229

Satrap of Ctesiphon, his interviewwith Apollonius, 59

Scopelianus, letter of Apollonius to,

69,73Scylax on shadow-footed men, 331

Scythia never visited by Apolloniusfor purposes of venery, 35

Seal confined in circus at Aegaebemoans her dead whelp, 157

Seals frightened off ships by use of

bells, 343 **Second sight of Apollonius: dis-

cerns the innocence of Pharion

condemned to death as a bandit,517; sees the burning of thecapitol by Vitellius, 531

Selera, a sacred isle off Balara, 341Seleucia, seaport near Antioch, 345Semiramis, her tunnel under theEuphrates at Babylon (cp. Dio-dorus Siculus, ii. 9), 75

Serpents or dragons. Arabs, byeating their hearts or livers,understand the language of birds57

Shades, Indian and other methodsof evoking, 377; their varyingsize in apparitions, 379

Shadow-footed men, 331Shield of Hercules, dedicated bythe Brahmans, 205

Ship of State, a parable of Apol-lonius, 363

Ships in full sail imitated byAthenian pantomimists, 395

Shorthand writer accompaniesApollonius to Nineveh, 51

Shrines of Enodia accommodate tenworshippers, 373

Sicily, Apollonius stays thereteaching philosophy, 503

Silence, Pythagorean discipline of,endured by Apollonius, 37; ritesconnected with, 45

Simonides, his memory, 37Skirt-dancing at Athens, 395Smyrna, sends deputation to

Apollonius, 349; Pan-Ionianfestival at, Apollonius present,355; blames citizens for use ofbarbarous Roman names, 356;beauty of the city does not com-pensate lack of civic duty, 357

Socrates, his genius, 7

Songs of the street-corner in Athens,389

Sophocles, his paean in honourof Asclepius, 267; Antigone 450cited, 441

Sparrow, story of, at Ephesus, byway of inculcating communism,351

Sparta, effeminacy of, rebuked byApollonius, 411 ; Apolloniusvisits it, 419 ; advice to a youngdescendant there of Callicratiila-,not to engage in mercantile

5«9

INDEX

pursuits, 421 foil.; citizens of,rebuked by the emperor, 425;Apollonius's stay there, 427

Spercheus, Achilles' hair dedicated

to, 379Speusippus of Athens recited

marriage songs of Cassander in

Macedonia, 99Statue of Zeus by Pheidias in

Olympia, 359 ; of Milo, explainedby Apollonius, 413

Statue thrown down by a demonexpelled by Apollonius at

Athens, 391

Stobera, a city of Fish-eaters, 341

Styrax, gum of, sought for byleopards, 121

Sun, temple of, at Taxila, described,

181; worshipped by Phraotes,

185; temple of, 203; of India,altar to, on Hyphasis, 229;divination by examination of

disc of rising sun, 519

Sunlight, extract of, worshipped bynight by Brahmans, 259

Surrogate bull of wax consumed onaltar by Apollonius, 519

Susa, Magi of, 49Swans assist at birth of Apollonius,

13Swords, seven of adamant fixed in

ground to avert monsters, 275

Symbolic figures of the gods in

barbarous shrines, 181

Symbolic image of Aphrodite, 345

Symbolism of numbers denouncedby Apollonius, 295

Sympathetic magic, use of a hareto cure a woman suffering in her

labours, 319Syracuse, three-headed child born

there and interpreted by Apollo-

nius, 489Syria, Roman governor of, sends

embassy to Vardanes about

villages near Zeugma, 109

Tantalus, Brahman image of, as a

cup-bearer, 285 ; unfairly treated

by Greek poets, 285;his miracu-

lous goblet, 305, 337 ; gardens of,

407Tarentum, long hair worn at, 261

Tarsus, frivolity of its inhabitants,17

59°

Taurus mountains described, litTaxila in India, aged elephant ofPorus at, 147; Apollonius arrivesthere, 167 ; porphyry temple there,169; Greek artistic treasuresthere, 169 ; houses at, described,181

Telesinus, C. Lucius, consul a.d.66, interviews Apollonius anddiscusses religion, 445; studiesphilosophy with Anollonius, 451

Telliadae, descendants of Tellias,a seer of Elis, whose statue wasset up in Delphi, 519

Temples kept shut in Rome, 447Teucer of Telamon's girdle at

Madeira, 473Thales of Miletus observed heavensfrom Mycale, 128

Themistocles, cult of at Gadeira471

Theophany to be arranged forApollonius at Sparta (as if hewere a god), 419

Thera, a new islet is formed betweenThera and Crete by an earth-quake, 431

Thermopylae depicted in theembroideries of Babylon, 77

Thessalian cloak worn by shade of

Achilles, 379Thessalians neglect tomb of

Achilles, 379; Apollonius goesto them in behalf of Achilles andPalamedes, 397

Three days' visit permitted byIndian king, 181

Three-headed child at Syracuse,interpreted by Apollonius of

Galba, Vitellius and Otho, 491Thunderbolt portends birth of

Apollonius, 15

Thurium, long hair worn at. 261Tiberius, reverence for statues and

coins of, in Asia Minor, 41 ; in-human regime, 535

Tides among the Celts, 469Tigellinus, Nero's minister, dogs the

steps of Apollonius, 451; im-

prisons and examines Apolloniusabout his exorcisms, 455; re-

leases Apollonius, 457; Apollo-nius assails him, 549

Tiger's loins eaten, in royal ban-

quet, 189

INDEX

Tigresses of the Red Sea, their

parental instincts, 155Timomachus, picture of Ajax by,

179Tingae, 467Tmolus, mount, in Lydia, 135Tripod of Apollo at Delphi, 375Tripods, automata of Brahmans,

291Trophonius, shrine of, Apollonius

visits it, 399Troy, discussion of heroes ofbetween Apollonius and Iarchas,269

Tumblers at Indian banquets, 191

Twilight long among the Celts, 469

Tyana, a Greek city in Cappadocia,the home of Apollonius, 11

Typho, fable of, at Etna, 493, 499

Tyrants, Euphrates on, 539

Tyrrhenes, their ships, 335

Unicorn asses in India, 235

Vardanes, or Bardaues, king of

Babylon, receives Apollonius(Vardanes died c. a.d. 49; theexact length of his reign overParthia is not known, probablyfrom A.D. 45-49. Apolloniusreached him two years and eightmonths after his accession, c.

A.D. 47), 83, 87; he addresses

Apollonius in Greek, 91; dis-

putes possession of villages near

Zeugma with Rome, 109 ; writesto the satrap of the Indus to

provide a boat for Apollonius,163

;revisited by Apollonius, 345

Vespasian at Alexandria, 523 foil.,

meets Apollonius, 525; discusses

• Nero with Apollonius, 527; andVitellius, 529; Apollonius re-

views his position and future,547 foil., Apollonius advises himhow to rule, 553; he invites

Apollonius to accompany him to

Rome, 561; his ill-treatment of

Greece calls forth protest of

Apollonius, 567Victims and blood offerings to the

dead, abjured by Apollonius, 73,

89, 91 ; see vol. ii. 339Villa in Rome worth twelve talents,

513

Vindex, his campaign against Nero,485; his death, 487; his revoltfrom Nero, 541, 549

Vines of Ganges district, 241Vitellius, 491

; his effeminacy, 529 ;

burns down the temple of Jupiteron the capitol, 533; his profli-

gacy, 539 ; the ape of Nero, 541Vitellius, Otho and Galba, whycompared by Apollonius to theThebans, 487

Wind and rain, dispensed fromjars by Brahmans, 255

Wine, Apollonius renounces, 19;an impediment to clear dreamsand divination, 209 foil.

Wizard, or magus, denial thatApollonius was one, 7 foil.

(see Magi); Apollonius as suchdenied initiation at the Eleusi-nian mysteries, 387

Wizardry, not the explanation ofthe foreknowledge of Apollonius,489

Wool of sheep abjured by Apollo-nius, following rule of Pytha-goras, 3, 91 (see vol. ii. 307)

Wormwood or Absinth roundBabylon, 63

Wryneck or lynx hung up in courtof justice in Babylon (cp. bookVI., ch. ii., vol. ii., p. 53, wherewe read that golden figures of thewryneck were hung up in the

Pythian Temple), 77

Xerxes, his victories depicted in

the embroideries of Babylon, 77;

his defeats at hand of Greeks, 301

Zeugma, the bridge over theEuphrates (between Antiochand Edessa), anecdote of Apollo-nius at, 55 ; villages near Zeugmaclaimed against Romans byVardanes, 109

Zeus of Olympus, altar to, onHyphasis;

229Zeus, how invoked by Apollonius,

411; Apollonius invited bySpartans to be a guest of their

Zeus, 419Zeuxis, art resembling his at

Taxila, 169

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phi lo stratus the life of apollonius of tyana, i (loeb)

Documents

work of philostratus

reputation of apollonius

work of damis

tyanatheepistles of

career of apollonius

cult of apollonius

lettersof apollonius

enumerated philostratus