phil mulder – extension entomologist oklahoma state university phil mulder – extension...
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Phil Mulder – Extension EntomologistOklahoma State University
Phil Mulder – Extension EntomologistOklahoma State University
Living with the Africanized Living with the Africanized Honey BeeHoney Bee
Contributions from Honey BeesContributions from Honey BeesContributions from Honey BeesContributions from Honey Bees
• Produce about 250 million pounds of honey per year. – Value = $200 million.
• Produce about 4 million pounds of Beeswax.• Produce bee pollen, bee venom, royal jelly, etc. • Pollinate > 90 cultivated crops.
– Estimated value = $20 billion.
• Contribution from pollination effects every third bite of food consumed.
• Produce about 250 million pounds of honey per year. – Value = $200 million.
• Produce about 4 million pounds of Beeswax.• Produce bee pollen, bee venom, royal jelly, etc. • Pollinate > 90 cultivated crops.
– Estimated value = $20 billion.
• Contribution from pollination effects every third bite of food consumed.
History of the Africanized Honey History of the Africanized Honey Bee Bee
• Started as an attempt to improve honey Started as an attempt to improve honey production in Brazil, Warwick Kerr (1956).production in Brazil, Warwick Kerr (1956).– European strains were not adapting to South European strains were not adapting to South
American conditions. American conditions. – Captured several colonies in Africa and Captured several colonies in Africa and
selected out 27 highly productive queens. selected out 27 highly productive queens.
• When shipping large colonies by rail When shipping large colonies by rail (1957), queens were accidentally released (1957), queens were accidentally released from the excluders. from the excluders.
• African honey bees crossed with African honey bees crossed with European stock = Hybrid strain known European stock = Hybrid strain known as the Africanized Honey Bee (AHB). as the Africanized Honey Bee (AHB). – Moved slowly in all directions with gentler Moved slowly in all directions with gentler
stock but retained African traits.stock but retained African traits.
• October 15, 1990 – First natural swarm October 15, 1990 – First natural swarm captured in the U.S. in Hidalgo, Texas.captured in the U.S. in Hidalgo, Texas.– Swarm destroyed out of a baited trap. Swarm destroyed out of a baited trap.
History of the Africanized Honey History of the Africanized Honey BeeBee
• 1993 First report of natural swarms in 1993 First report of natural swarms in Arizona and New Mexico.Arizona and New Mexico.
• 1994 First report in California.1994 First report in California.– Within 1 year, nearly 8,000 square miles colonized Within 1 year, nearly 8,000 square miles colonized
by AHB.by AHB.
• Today over 100 counties in Texas, 10 in New Today over 100 counties in Texas, 10 in New Mexico, 14 in Arizona, 1 in Nevada and over Mexico, 14 in Arizona, 1 in Nevada and over 10 counties in California. 10 counties in California.
• 36 confirmed county captures in Oklahoma.36 confirmed county captures in Oklahoma.
History of the Africanized History of the Africanized Honey BeeHoney Bee
Living with the Africanized Honey Living with the Africanized Honey Bee (Movement)Bee (Movement)
Africanized Honey Bee in the USAfricanized Honey Bee in the US
Africanized Honey Bee in OklahomaAfricanized Honey Bee in Oklahoma
Current Status as of 11/2008
The Problem in Perspective: Camazine (1988).The Problem in Perspective: Camazine (1988).- 20 deaths per year from honey bees in the U.S. 20 deaths per year from honey bees in the U.S. - 0.08 deaths per year per 1 million people.0.08 deaths per year per 1 million people.
- 80 deaths per year from lightning.80 deaths per year from lightning.- 0.32 deaths per year per 1 million people. 0.32 deaths per year per 1 million people. No consolation if you loose someone from such an attack.No consolation if you loose someone from such an attack.
Living with the Africanized Honey BeeLiving with the Africanized Honey Bee
The problem (continued)The problem (continued)- LDLD5050 equals 8 - 10 stings per pound of body weight. equals 8 - 10 stings per pound of body weight.
- 200 pound person = 1,725 - 2,000 stings. 200 pound person = 1,725 - 2,000 stings. - Sounds ridiculous!! AHB 6-10X more defensive.Sounds ridiculous!! AHB 6-10X more defensive.- Approximately ½ - 4% of population is hypersensitive.Approximately ½ - 4% of population is hypersensitive.
Living with the Africanized Honey BeeLiving with the Africanized Honey Bee
Personal protection ideally with a complete bee suit.Personal protection ideally with a complete bee suit.- Formulations of repellents containing Deet as the Formulations of repellents containing Deet as the active ingredient can also provide protection.active ingredient can also provide protection.- Also wear gloves and boots with pants of suit taped Also wear gloves and boots with pants of suit taped inside of boots. inside of boots.
Living with the Africanized Honey BeeLiving with the Africanized Honey Bee
Africanized Honey BeeAfricanized Honey Bee European Honey BeeEuropean Honey Bee
→ → TTropically adapted, less winter hardy ropically adapted, less winter hardy → Adapted to temperate climates → Adapted to temperate climates
→ → Very defensive (6-10 times)Very defensive (6-10 times) → Gentle → Gentle
→ → Forage in marginal areasForage in marginal areas → Will not forage in marginal areas → Will not forage in marginal areas
→ → More likely to swarm when nectar andMore likely to swarm when nectar and → Not likely to swarm when conditions→ Not likely to swarm when conditions pollen flow are good (6-12 times/yr). pollen flow are good (6-12 times/yr). are strong (1swarm/5colonies/yr). are strong (1swarm/5colonies/yr).
→ → Devote ½ time to forage for pollenDevote ½ time to forage for pollen → Store more honey. Rarely use > 25 - → Store more honey. Rarely use > 25 - (protein source) store less honey. (protein source) store less honey. 30% of workers for pollen collection 30% of workers for pollen collection
→ → Absconding common when threatened →Absconding common when threatened → Absconding rare. Absconding rare.
→ → About 27% smaller than EHB.About 27% smaller than EHB. → Slightly larger but can’t tell. → Slightly larger but can’t tell.
Living with the Africanized Honey BeeLiving with the Africanized Honey Bee(Differences and Similarities) (Differences and Similarities)
Africanized Honey BeeAfricanized Honey Bee European Honey BeeEuropean Honey Bee
→ → Prefer large nest cavities, but less Prefer large nest cavities, but less → Prefer larger nest site (40 liters) → Prefer larger nest site (40 liters) discriminating (pots, tires, bird house). Above ground, clean and dry. discriminating (pots, tires, bird house). Above ground, clean and dry. →→ Shorter development time (70-71 hrs.). → Longer development time (72-76 hrs).Shorter development time (70-71 hrs.). → Longer development time (72-76 hrs). Hatch 14.5 days (Queen)Hatch 14.5 days (Queen) Hatch 15 days (Queen). Hatch 15 days (Queen).
→ → Mating flights are slightly later in day. Mating flights are slightly later in day. →→ Mating flights earlier and longer. Mating flights earlier and longer.
→ → Reaction time about 3 seconds.Reaction time about 3 seconds. → Reaction time about 19 seconds. → Reaction time about 19 seconds.
→ → Cool-off time about ½ hr. to 1 hr.Cool-off time about ½ hr. to 1 hr. → → Cool-off time 2-3 minutes. Cool-off time 2-3 minutes.
→ → Pursuit distance about 187 yards. Pursuit distance about 187 yards. → Pursuit distance about 27.5 yards. → Pursuit distance about 27.5 yards.
Living with the Africanized Honey BeeLiving with the Africanized Honey Bee(Differences) (Differences)
Yellowjacket, European paper wasp, Honey bee, Bumble beeYellowjacket, European paper wasp, Honey bee, Bumble bee
Don’t confuse the issue!!Don’t confuse the issue!!
Living with the Africanized Honey BeeLiving with the Africanized Honey Bee
Sweat BeeSweat Bee Cuckoo WaspCuckoo Wasp
Bald Faced Hornet & NestBald Faced Hornet & Nest Syrphid FlySyrphid Fly
Ditch CulvertDitch Culvert Cemetery Pillar - HollowCemetery Pillar - Hollow
Junkyard DebrisJunkyard Debris Trailer HousesTrailer Houses
Eliminate Colony SitesEliminate Colony SitesEliminate Colony SitesEliminate Colony Sites
Bird HousesBird HousesBird HousesBird Houses Flower Pots and BarrelsFlower Pots and BarrelsFlower Pots and BarrelsFlower Pots and Barrels
Tire pilesTire pilesTire pilesTire piles House walls with holesHouse walls with holesHouse walls with holesHouse walls with holes
House eaves and gablesHouse eaves and gablesHouse eaves and gablesHouse eaves and gables Water metersWater metersWater metersWater meters
Abandoned houses or Abandoned houses or outbuildingsoutbuildings
Abandoned houses or Abandoned houses or outbuildingsoutbuildings
Tree Holes or depressionsTree Holes or depressionsTree Holes or depressionsTree Holes or depressions
Bee Removal – NOT a One-Man Job!!Bee Removal – NOT a One-Man Job!!Bee Removal – NOT a One-Man Job!!Bee Removal – NOT a One-Man Job!!
Preparation for removalPreparation for removal
Everyone involved should Everyone involved should have a complete bee suit, have a complete bee suit, including gloves, veil, and including gloves, veil, and boots. boots.
Designate each person in Designate each person in the team a specific job the team a specific job (smoker, substrate, remover, (smoker, substrate, remover, etc.) etc.)
Map out an attack plan Map out an attack plan before going into the area.before going into the area.
Tape around gloves, pant Tape around gloves, pant legs and any openings. legs and any openings.
• Bee suit
• Completely
• enclosed to
• prevent bees
• from getting
• in.
• Cost $115-$140
Bee Suits
• You can do a “Google” search for bee suits.
• Bee Gloves $12-$16
Gloves
Dadant & Sons, Inc.
1169 Bonham Street
P.O. Box 146
Paris, Tx 75460
877-632-3268
www.dadant.com
Mann Lake Ltd.
501 S. 1st St.
Hackensack, MN 56452-2001
1-800-880-7694
www.mannlakeltd.com
Omega Pest Control
8255 W. Jefferson St.
Peoria, AZ
1-800-550-2990 (orders only please)
www.omegapestcontrol.com/TheStore.htm
Bee CareBox 1070, Leander, TX 78646
1070(512) 379-4301 Fax (253) 648-6251www.beecare.com
Betterbee8 Meader RoadGreenwich, New York 12834800-632-3379www.betterbee.com
Glorybee Foods Inc.120 N.SenecaP. O. Box 2744Eugene, Oregon 97402800-456-7923www.glorybee.com
• You need to look and play the part of a bee control professional.
• Rubber gloves to go over the bee gloves when handling the comb or pesticides.
• Any Pesticide label Personal Protective equipment. – Respirator– Dust mask– Protective glasses
• Duct Tape• Anti-histamine such as benadryl*• General construction tools, ladders,
hammers,caulking gun, wrecking bar, saws etc.
Africanized Honey Bee Control
Laying Out The land
• Approach every feral bee swarm or colony as if it is Africanized.
• Park vehicle away from property- 50 yards.• Speak with home owner to find out about
the colony.– Swarm or established colony– How long there.– Where located, wall, ground, tree, etc.– When approaching bees always wear
your protective bee equipment.
Laying Out The land
• Notify neighbors.
• Determine if you are going to remove the colony or just kill it.
• Use buddy system, any time you use a ladder, work at night, or if the bees are very defensive.
• Better to live safely than die recklessly
Tools
• Proper bee suit• Duct Tape• Saw• Drill• Flashlight• Large heavy duty
plastic bags • Hammers
• Caulking gun• Pry bar• Stapler• Stud finder• Ladders• Lt. Weight tool bag• 1-2 gal sprayer• Dust applicator.
Insecticide Choices and Liability
• Odor of product –some pesticides will incite the bees to become aggressive. Use low odor pesticides if possible.
• Residual or Non-Residual – if you cannot kill the bees at one time use a residual pesticide
• Speed of Knockdown – If treating in the daytime use quick knockdown pesticides.
• Formulation – Liquids on swarms outside, dusts and aerosols in walls.
Avoiding Honey Bee Stinging Avoiding Honey Bee Stinging ProblemsProblems
Stay away from honey bee colonies and hives.Stay away from honey bee colonies and hives.
Remove any hives or swarms located in or near yards.Remove any hives or swarms located in or near yards.
Check work area carefully before using any heavy or noisy Check work area carefully before using any heavy or noisy equipment.equipment.
Do not tie or pen animals near honey bee colonies, no Do not tie or pen animals near honey bee colonies, no matter how tame the bees may appear.matter how tame the bees may appear.
Avoiding Honey bee stingsAvoiding Honey bee stings
Foraging honey bees are less defensive, Foraging honey bees are less defensive, especially when they are a great distance especially when they are a great distance from any hive. from any hive.
Bee Proof Your PropertyBee Proof Your Property
Inspect the site for signs of Inspect the site for signs of honey beeshoney bees
Look for numerous bees passing into or Look for numerous bees passing into or out of openings.out of openings.
Listen for the hum or buzz of active bees. Listen for the hum or buzz of active bees. Check for activity at all levels of any Check for activity at all levels of any
structure, particularly along eaves. structure, particularly along eaves.
If you locate a bee swarm or colonyIf you locate a bee swarm or colony Keep everyone away.Keep everyone away. Have it removed immediately – don’t waitHave it removed immediately – don’t wait Contact a licensed pest control operator that has Contact a licensed pest control operator that has
experience in eliminating high-risk colonies or swarms.experience in eliminating high-risk colonies or swarms. Contact a beekeeper in low-risk situations (no AHB Contact a beekeeper in low-risk situations (no AHB
reported) so that they can remove the swarm. reported) so that they can remove the swarm. If a colony has set up home in an area that puts the If a colony has set up home in an area that puts the
general public at risk eliminate the hive.general public at risk eliminate the hive.
What to do if attacked by AHBWhat to do if attacked by AHBRun quickly to the nearest shelter (house or car).Run quickly to the nearest shelter (house or car).Protect your head, neck and throat areas, with your Protect your head, neck and throat areas, with your
shirt if necessary, but be careful running.shirt if necessary, but be careful running.Do not jump into water.Do not jump into water.Do not flail or swat at bees. Do not flail or swat at bees.
Once you have escapedOnce you have escapedRemove stinger carefully using a credit card or real Remove stinger carefully using a credit card or real
dull knife (do not squeeze the stinger to remove it).dull knife (do not squeeze the stinger to remove it).Seek medical attention if stung more than 15 times, Seek medical attention if stung more than 15 times,
if stung repeatedly around face or neck or if you if stung repeatedly around face or neck or if you have a history of problems associated with bee have a history of problems associated with bee stings.stings.
Call 911 to report all serious stinging incidents. Call 911 to report all serious stinging incidents.
Bee Samples
• If you encounter a suspected AHB colony or swarm in counties other than the 29 listed on the map:
– Call Garry Phillips 405-205-2699 to get a sample to send to OSU for DNA testing.
Bee Sampling• If you want a DNA test of a swarm or colony it
must be frozen and sent over night delivery• Cost of DNA about $50• Call Dr. Grantham prior to sending any
samples.
Dr. Richard A. GranthamPlant Disease & Insect Diagnostic LabEntomology and Plant PathologyOklahoma State University127 NRCStillwater, OK 74078
EMAIL: [email protected]: 405-744-9417FAX: 405-744-6039
Living with Africanized Honey BeesLiving with Africanized Honey Bees
Phil Mulder – Extension Entomologist Phil Mulder – Extension Entomologist Oklahoma State UniversityOklahoma State University
Living with Africanized Honey BeesLiving with Africanized Honey Bees
Phil Mulder – Extension Entomologist Phil Mulder – Extension Entomologist Oklahoma State UniversityOklahoma State University