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A report from April 2017 Philadelphia 2017 The State of the City

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A report from April 2017

Philadelphia 2017The State of the City

Contents

About This Report

1 The Big Picture

13 Jobs and the Economy

27 Public Safety

37 Education

47 Housing

57 Government and Transportation

67 Arts and Culture

73 Health and Welfare

83 Sources and Notes

86 Photo Captions and Credits

Cover photos: Lexey Swall/GRAIN

Contact: Elizabeth Lowe, communications officer Email: [email protected] Phone: 215.575.4812 Project website: pewtrusts.org/philaresearch

The Pew Charitable Trusts is driven by the power of knowledge to solve today’s most challenging problems. Pew applies a rigorous, analytical approach to improve public policy, inform the public, and invigorate civic life.

About This ReportThis is the ninth year that The Pew Charitable Trusts has produced a State of the City report about Philadelphia. The new edition is a mix of old and new indicators and includes results of Pew’s Philadelphia Poll conducted in August 2016. As in years past, the report puts the statistics about the city in context by comparing them with those of other cities, most often nine urban communities chosen for their similarities to Philadelphia in size, makeup, or location. Those nine are Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Houston, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, and Washington.

Staff members Michelle Schmitt, Octavia Howell, Susan Warner, and Katie Martin helped gather much of the data in these pages. Larry Eichel, who directs Pew’s Philadelphia research initiative, wrote the chapter texts and edited the report, along with Elizabeth Lowe, Dan LeDuc, and Carol Hutchinson. Kodi Seaton created the graphics and designed the document. Except where indicated, the photographs were taken by Lexey Swall of the GRAIN photography collective; all were curated by Bronwen Latimer.

About The Pew Charitable TrustsThe Pew Charitable Trusts is a nonprofit organization that applies a rigorous, analytical approach to improve public policy, inform the public, and invigorate civic life. Pew’s Philadelphia research initiative provides timely, impartial research and analysis on key issues facing Philadelphia for the benefit of the city’s residents and leaders.

1

The Big Picture

Considering all that has happened in Philadelphia over the past several years, it is difficult to find a single statistical indicator that best captures the state of the city in 2017.

Is it 10 straight years of modest population increases, producing a more diverse and vibrant community? Is it Philadelphia’s solid, if not dynamic, rate of job growth? An unemployment rate that remains stubbornly high, even with the additional jobs? Or a poverty rate that has not dropped in any significant way?

Philadelphians appear to be more comfortable with their city’s increased vitality, despite its long-term problems. When polled by Pew in August 2016, residents were more inclined to see the city as heading in the right direction than at any time in the seven years of the poll’s existence.

2

There are plenty of positive developments to support that view, led by the higher population. Although the cumulative growth in the past 10 years has amounted to little more than 5 percent, Philadelphia’s head count is as large as it has been in nearly a quarter-century.

The recent economic data have been particularly strong. The job market has expanded, adding 40,000 positions in the past five years; in 2016, Philadelphia outperformed the nation as a whole in job growth for the first time since the Great Recession. The rise in median household income for city residents outpaced the nation as well, up more than 5 percent in a single year. The residential construction boom, while slowing, has life in it yet, and home sale prices have risen 38 percent since 2010.

In addition, the city has become safer. Major crimes declined again in 2016, dropping to levels not seen in decades. In the past several years, deaths from homicides, fires, and traffic accidents have been at or near historic lows, and infant mortality has fallen as well.

But the city’s deep and chronic problems remain. Even with the relatively strong economy of the past few years, more than a quarter of city residents still live below the poverty line, and Philadelphia has been unable to shake its title as the poorest of the nation’s 10 largest cities.

Despite the recent job growth, the unemployment rate for city residents was 6.8 percent in 2016, nearly 2 percentage points above the national average and higher than in Chicago, Baltimore, Washington, and Pittsburgh, among others. The percentage of adult Philadelphians not working or looking for work remained at 31 percent, a big number relative to other cities. And with housing costs on the rise, 56 percent of residents were paying 30 percent or more of their incomes for places to live.

3

Another disturbing trend has been the increase in the number of deaths by accidental drug overdoses, which is a national problem as well. City officials said the unofficial total of such fatalities in Philadelphia approached 900 in 2016, nearly triple what it had been a decade ago.

Although the percentage of adult Philadelphians with college degrees grew, the citywide figure remains far below those of other major cities along the East Coast. The public schools are not facing an immediate fiscal crisis, but they are still seen as low-quality by the vast majority of city residents. And City Hall’s long-term ability to address these and other challenges is threatened by the unfunded liability in the pension funds for municipal workers, recently calculated at nearly $6 billion.

Over the past decade, Philadelphia’s growth and revival have been fueled by immigrants and young adults. But that could be changing: Now the nation’s immigration policy is in flux; many local millennials are deciding whether to raise their families in the city or head for the suburbs; and the coming generation of young adults is a little smaller than the current one.

Those choices, combined with the demographic realities, will help determine how much Philadelphia’s near-term future resembles its recent past.

4

Figure 1.1

Portrait of the City

Population 1,567,872

Percentage of residents who are:

Male 47%

Female 53%

Younger than 20 25%

Age 20-34 26%

Age 35-54 24%

Age 55 and older 24%

Black or African-American 41%

Non-Hispanic white 35%

Hispanic or Latino 14%

Asian 7%

Other 3%

Percentage of residents who:

Were born in Pennsylvania 67%

Were born in other states 16%

Were born in Puerto Rico or a U.S. territory 3%

Were foreign-born 13%

Speak a foreign language at home 22%

Percentage of adult residents who:

Graduated from college 27%

Did not graduate from high school 17%

Percentage of adults who are:

Married 30%

Never married 52%

Divorced or separated 12%

Widowed 6%

Percentage of women who gave birth in previous 12 months who were unmarried

56%

Median household income $41,233

Percentage of households with annual incomes of:

Less than $35,000 44%

$35,000 to $74,999 29%

$75,000 to $99,999 10%

$100,000 or more 17%

Percentage of population below poverty level 26%

Percentage of households with:

No vehicles available 31%

Two or more vehicles available 26%

A computer at home 82%

Broadband internet service 70%

Percentage of workers employed by:

Private sector 83%

Government agencies 13%

Their own businesses 4%

Total housing units 672,657

Percentage of units listed as:

Vacant 14%

Occupied 86%

Percentage of units built before 1939 41%

Median monthly rent $952

Percentage of units:

Owned by occupant 53%

Rented 47%

Where residents lived the previous year:

Same house 86%

Different house in Philadelphia 9%

Somewhere else in the U.S. 4%

Abroad 1%

Percentage of residents without health insurance 10%

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

5

Figure 1.3

Poll Results: Where Philadelphia Is Headed

In August 2016, the date of the most recent Pew Philadelphia Poll, residents were as upbeat about where they thought the city was headed as at any time in the history of the poll, which started in 2009.

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

2016201520132012201120102009

Perc

enta

ge

In the right direction On the wrong track

46%

50%

41%

40%

39%

37%

48%

37%

34%

34%

39%

42%

45%

33%

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

2016201520132012201120102009

Perc

enta

ge

In the right direction On the wrong track

46%

37%

50%

34%

41%

40%

39%

37%

48%

34%

39%

42%

45%

33%

Figure 1.2

Philadelphia Population, 2000-16

According to the Census Bureau, Philadelphia’s population, after declining for more than half a century, bottomed out in 2006 at 1,488,710 and now has risen for 10 years in a row, adding more than 79,000 residents. Since 2012, the annual increases have declined in size each year. The cumulative growth, while modest relative to a number of other large cities, means that Philadelphia has regained most of the population it had lost since 1990.

1,517,550

1,498,493

1,492,882

1,488,710

1,499,7311,526,006

1,550,379

1,560,609

1,567,872

201620152014201320122011201020092008200720062005200420032002200120001,400,000

1,420,000

1,440,000

1,460,000

1,480,000

1,500,000

1,520,000

1,540,000

1,560,000

1,580,000

1,600,000

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

6

Figure 1.4

Median Age in Philadelphia and the U.S., 2006-15

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

2015201420132012201120102009200820072006

Med

ian

age

PhiladelphiaU.S.

37.7 37.837.637.537.337.236.836.936.736.4

33.9 3433.733.633.533.534.2

35.735.635.4

Philadelphia

U.S.

In 2006, the gap between Philadelphia’s median age and that of the nation as a whole was one year. In 2015, the latest year for which data were available, the gap was nearly four years. This change has been due primarily to the increase in the city’s young adult population. Over the past few years, the city’s median age, like the nation’s, has been creeping upward.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

7

Figure 1.5

People Who Moved Into Philadelphia, Those Who Moved Out, and All ResidentsBy age

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

From 2013 through 2015, the influx of young adults into Philadelphia continued. Nearly two-thirds of all individuals moving to the city during those years were ages 18 to 34, according to census data. Only about half of those who left were in that age group. By comparison, less than a third of all city residents were ages 18 to 34.

Moved in

65 %22 %

3 %10 %

30 %

36 %

13 %

21 %

All residents

49 %

28 %

5 % 17 %

Moved out

0 to 17 18 to 34 35 to 64 65 and over

Figure 1.6

Births and Deaths in Philadelphia, 2006-15

7,762 8,562 9,238 9,165 9,275 8,500 9,138 8,327 8,456 7,987

201520142013201220112010200920082007200610,000

15,000

20,000

25,000Births

Deaths15,163

22,018 22,379 21,99223,570 23,689

15,008 14,451 14,266 13,81614,497 14,023 13,691 13,923 14,005

23,431 23,091 22,997 23,16122,925

Population change in any locality is the result of several factors. One is the number of people coming and going; another is the gap between births and deaths. In the last several years, the margin by which births outnumbered deaths in Philadelphia has fallen slightly, dropping from a recent peak of 9,275 in 2010 to 7,987 in 2015, the last year for which data were available. The number of births in the city in 2015 was the lowest in a decade.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Moved in

65 %22 %

3 %10 %

30 %

36 %

13 %

21 %

All residents

49 %

28 %

5 % 17 %

Moved outMoved in

65 %22 %

3 %10 %

30 %

36 %

13 %

21 %

All residents

49 %

28 %

5 % 17 %

Moved out

8

Figure 1.7

Racial and Ethnic Change in Philadelphia, 1990-2015

Since 1990, the ethnic and racial makeup of Philadelphia has changed dramatically. The non-Hispanic white share of the city’s head count has dropped by nearly a third, while the Hispanic and Asian shares have more than doubled. Only the size of the African-American population has remained relatively stable.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Non-Hispanic White52.1%

African-American39.3%

Hispanic5.6%

Asian2.7%Other0.3%

1990

Hispanic8.5%

Other1.5%

Asian4.9% Non-Hispanic White

42.5%

African-American42.6%

2000

17%

2010

Non-Hispanic White36.9%

African-American42.2%

Hispanic12.3%

Asian6.3%

Other2.3%

2015

Non-Hispanic White35.3%

African-American41%

Hispanic14%

Asian7.2%

Other2.5%

1990 2000

2010 2015

9

Figure 1.8

The Racial and Ethnic Makeup of Philadelphia

Even as its population has become increasingly diversified racially and ethnically, Philadelphia remains a largely segregated city. In 84 percent of the city’s 372 residential census tracts, one group—African-Americans, Asians, Hispanics, or non-Hispanic whites—constitutes an absolute majority of the population. There are 58 tracts in which no one group has a majority, and the largest number of those tracts are in the Lower Northeast, with others scattered across the city.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

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1914719147

19106191061910719107

1914219142

1912019120

Largest racial or ethnic group

Asian

Black

Latino

White

No race or ethnicity over 50 percent

Nonresidential

10

Figure 1.9

Percentage of Philadelphia Residents Born Outside the U.S., 1970-2015

In the 1970s and 1980s, during the period of Philadelphia’s steepest population decline, the share of its population that was foreign-born fell below 7 percent, the lowest level in the city’s history. The inflow of immigrants since then has helped fuel the city’s recent population growth. At 13.1 percent, the current foreign-born share is the highest since the 1950s.

0%

3%

6%

9%

12%

15%

2015201020052000199019801970

6.5% 6.9%6.4%

9%

11.6%11%

13.1%

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

11

Figure 1.10

Percentage of Philadelphia Residents Born Outside the U.S., 2015Compared with other cities

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

After years of lagging behind many other cities and the nation as a whole, Philadelphia is now about average in terms of attracting and retaining foreign-born individuals.

30.3%

28.4%

21.1%

14.1%

13.4%

13.1%

9.3%

8%

5.9%

4.9%

19.2%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

Cleveland

Detroit

Baltimore

Pittsburgh

Philadelphia

U.S.

Washington

Phoenix

Chicago

Boston

Houston

Figure 1.11

Top 10 Countries of Origin for Philadelphia’s Immigrants

Country Residents

China 24,407

India 15,524

Dominican Republic 14,861

Vietnam 13,823

Mexico 8,385

Ukraine 8,063

Haiti 6,820

Jamaica 6,565

Philippines 5,792

Pakistan 4,564

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Philadelphia’s immigrant population is highly diverse in terms of nationality. Chinese-born immigrants, the largest group, represent only 12 percent of the city’s 205,339 foreign-born residents. In all, 43 percent of Philadelphia immigrants are Asian by birth, while 30 percent come from the Americas, 17 percent from Europe, and 10 percent from Africa.

Although Philadelphia is hardly a boomtown by national standards, its economy enjoyed a relatively good year in 2016.

The median household income reached $41,233—which remained below that of many other cities in the Northeast and Midwest—but the growth rate was stronger than in most. Philadelphia added 15,000 jobs, an increase of 2.2 percent, exceeding the national average. Even so, the unemployment rate for city residents ticked down from 6.9 only to 6.8 percent, remaining far higher than the annualized national figure of 4.9 percent.

As in years past, the education and medical sectors were the mainstays of the economy, accounting for nearly one-third of all jobs. Twelve of the city’s 15 largest private employers were in these categories. The leisure and hospitality sector, as well as professional and business services, have also been expanding in recent years.

Jobs and the Economy

13

14

Figure 2.1

Unemployment Rate, 2006-16

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

City of Philadelphia 6.2% 6.1% 7.1% 9.7% 10.8% 10.8% 10.7% 10.0% 7.8%

U.S. 4.6% 4.6% 5.8% 9.3% 9.6% 8.9% 8.1% 7.4% 6.2%

Phila. metro area 4.5% 4.3% 5.3% 8.3% 8.9% 8.6% 8.5% 7.8% 6.2%

2015

6.9%

5.3%

5.3%

2016

6.8%

4.9%

5%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

The unemployment rate in Philadelphia, which was slow to recover after the Great Recession, showed little change on an annualized basis in 2016, although the monthly rates were falling at the end of the year. And the long-standing gap between the city unemployment rate on the one hand and the national and metropolitan rates on the other expanded slightly as those rates declined more sharply than the city’s.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Figure 2.2

Unemployment in Comparable Cities, 2016

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%

Boston

Houston

Phoenix

Pittsburgh

Washington

Baltimore

Chicago

Cleveland

Philadelphia

Detroit 10.9%

6.8%

6.7%

6.5%

6.4%

6.1%

5.4%

4.8%

4.7%

3.5%

Philadelphia had the second-highest unemployment rate among the cities listed here, behind only Detroit, although Philadelphia’s rate was not appreciably higher than those in several other cities. In 2016, unemployment fell by at least half a percentage point in five of the cities—Baltimore, Boston, Detroit, Phoenix, and Washington—and changed relatively little in the other five, including Philadelphia.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

15

In 2016, for the first time since the Great Recession of 2008-10, the job market in the city outperformed the country as a whole, expanding by 2.2 percent compared with national growth of 1.7 percent. For the year, Philadelphia had an average of 699,600 jobs, more than at any time since 1991.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Figure 2.3

Job Growth and Decline, 2006-16

PhiladelphiaU.S.

-5%

-4%

-3%

-2%

-1%

0%

1%

2%

3%

20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006

Percent change

0.3%

1.8%

0.0%

1.1%

0.1%

-0.6%

-1.6%

0.7%

0.4%

1.2%

1.7%

0.5%

1.7% 1.9%

-4.3%

-0.7%

0.3%

1.3%

2.1%

1.5% 1.7%2.2%

16

Figure 2.4

Philadelphia’s Job Growth and Decline by Sector, 2006 and 2016

0 100,000 150,000 250,00050,000 200,000

Mining andconstruction

Manufacturing

Trade,transportation,

and utilities

Information

Financialactivities

Professional and business services

Education andhealth services

Leisure andhospitality

Otherservices

Government

3%(400)

%32(9,500)

%9(1,100)

%9(5,000)

13%11,200

%1936,200

%2212,800

1%(400)

%10(11,300)

5%4,500

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Over the past 10 years, the city has added 37,100 jobs, with much of the growth coming during the last three years. The vast majority of the new jobs have come in the education and health services sector, the city’s largest, which accounts for 32 percent of all jobs. The other expanding job categories have been leisure and hospitality; professional and business services; and trade, transportation, and utilities. The biggest declines have come in government employment and manufacturing.

2016 (Total nonfarm: 699,600)2006 (Total nonfarm: 662,500)

Change: 37,100 Percent change: 5.6%

17

Figure 2.5

Largest Private Employers in Philadelphia

1 Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania 1

2 Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 13

3 Thomas Jefferson University Hospital 7

4 Temple University 2

5 American Airlines -

6 Drexel University -

7 Temple University Hospital 14

8 Albert Einstein Medical Center 8

9 Independence Blue Cross 10

10 Thomas Jefferson University -

11 Comcast 15

12 Allied Universal -

13 Pennsylvania Hospital -

14 Hahnemann University Hospital -

15 Aria Health -

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Of the 15 largest private employers in Philadelphia, 12 were in the fields of education and health care; the exceptions were American Airlines, Comcast and Allied Universal, formerly known as Allied Barton Security Services. Only eight of those 15 were also in the top 15 in 1999. The companies that dropped off the list in the interim were Tenet Healthcare, PECO Energy, Aramark, First Union National Bank, US Airways, Cigna, and Bell Atlantic.

2016 rank 1999 rank

18

Figure 2.6

Workers Commuting to and From Philadelphia

Bucks CountyBucks County

MontgomeryCountyMontgomery County

Chester CountyChester County

New CastleCountyNew CastleCounty

BurlingtonCountyBurlingtonCounty

18,7507,486

GloucesterCountyGloucesterCounty

15,1693,000

29,96010,796

CamdenCountyCamdenCounty

DelawareCountyDelawareCounty

59,75631,661

6,8323,061

17,63612,082

69,74173,391

37,52933,462

To PhiladelphiaFrom Philadelphia

This map shows the extent of commuting between the suburban counties and Philadelphia. More than 40 percent of all commuters into and out of the city are “reverse commuters,” city residents who travel to jobs in the suburbs. The traffic between Philadelphia and both Montgomery and Bucks counties is almost equal in both directions; among the suburban counties, Montgomery supplies far and away the largest number of jobs for city residents. About 61 percent of all working Philadelphians are employed in the city, and about 52 percent of all jobs in the city are held by Philadelphians.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Figure 2.7

Percentage of Population Not in the Labor Force, 2015

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 50%40% 45%

Boston

Washington

Houston

Pittsburgh

U.S.

Chicago

Phoenix

Philadelphia

Baltimore

Detroit

Cleveland

%20

%20.4

%22.7

%26.9%27.7

%31.3

%43.2

%32.334.7%

%24.4%24

Among the comparison cities, Philadelphia had the fourth-highest percentage of residents ages 16 to 64 who were not in the labor force: people who reported not working at all in the previous 12 months. Many high-poverty cities have a high percentage of working-age adults not in the labor force.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

19

Figure 2.8

Median Household Income, 2015

$55,775

$41,233

$41,293

$50,702

$25,980

$75,628

$48,452$48,064

$44,165

$58,263

$28,831 Detroit

Cleveland

Philadelphia

Pittsburgh

Baltimore

Houston

Phoenix

Chicago

U.S.

Boston

Washington

$10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 $80,0000

In median household income, Philadelphia was eighth among the comparison cities, just behind Pittsburgh and well ahead of Cleveland and Detroit. Over the last two years, Philadelphia’s median income has grown faster in percentage terms than those of all of the comparison cities, with the exception of Washington.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

20

Philadelphia’s highest-earning neighborhoods—shown in the map by census tract and in the accompanying list by ZIP code—are in Center City and Northwest Philadelphia; its lowest-earning areas are mostly in North and West Philadelphia. These median-household-income numbers represent income data gathered by the Census Bureau from 2011 to 2015, reported in 2015 dollars.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

< $30,000$30,000 - $39,999$40,000 - $49,999$50,000 - $59,999$60,000 +Insu�cient data/nonresidential

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Figure 2.9

Median Household Income in Philadelphia

< $30,000

$30,000 - $39,999

$40,000 - $49,999

$50,000 - $59,999

$60,000 +

Insufficient data/nonresidential

21

ZIP Neighborhood Median household income

19106 Center City—Society Hill $101,648

19102 Center City West $86,855

19118 Chestnut Hill $77,763

19130 Fairmount South $71,173

19127 Manayunk $70,556

19147 South Philadelphia—Bella Vista $67,007

19103 Center City West $65,965

19128 Roxborough $61,144

19154 Northeast—Torresdale North $60,031

19119 Mount Airy $54,579

19123 Northern Liberties/Spring Garden $53,295

19114 Northeast—Torresdale South $51,427

19152 Northeast—Rhawnhurst $48,735

19129 East Falls $48,129

19146 South Philadelphia—Schuylkill $48,015

19107 Center City—Washington Square West/Chinatown $47,572

19116 Northeast—Bustleton North/Somerton $46,452

19115 Northeast—Bustleton South $45,949

19150 Northwest—Wadsworth $45,771

19125 Kensington/Fishtown $45,720

19137 Northeast—Bridesburg $45,223

19136 Northeast—Holmesburg $44,912

19111 Northeast—Fox Chase $44,301

19148 South Philadelphia—East $44,098

19153 Eastwick $42,777

19151 Overbrook $42,610

19149 Northeast—Mayfair/Oxford Circle $39,920

19135 Northeast—Tacony $38,154

19145 South Philadelphia—West $37,024

19126 Oak Lane $36,544

19120 Olney $35,413

19138 Germantown East $33,706

19142 Southwest Philadelphia—Paschall/Elmwood $31,191

19122 North Philadelphia—Yorktown $29,815

19143 Southwest Philadelphia—Kingsessing $29,465

19124 Northeast—Frankford $29,334

19141 Logan $28,622

19144 Germantown $27,909

19131 Wynnefield/West Park $27,722

19134 Port Richmond $26,014

19139 West Philadelphia—West Market $24,606

19132 North Philadelphia—West $23,380

19140 Nicetown $21,272

19104 West Philadelphia—University City $20,483

19121 Fairmount North/Brewerytown $17,969

19133 North Philadelphia—East $17,016

22

Figure 2.10

Where Venture Capital Is Invested, 2015

$2,243,900,000 $2,232,300,000

$1,472,200,000$1,266,600,000

$622,800,000

$1,170,800,000$909,500,000

$1,502,900,000

$782,600,000

$917,600,000

$27,422,200,000$7,341,000,000

$6,052,100,000$5,129,100,000

OtherPhiladelphia metro

ColoradoSouthwest

TexasSan Diego

District of Columbia metroNorthwest

MidwestSoutheast

Los Angeles/Orange countiesNew England

New York metroSilicon Valley (CA)

$0 $10,000,000,000 $20,000,000,000 $30,000,000,000

In 2015, Greater Philadelphia’s share of national venture capital investment amounted to about $623 million. That placed it 13th among the nation’s regions, with the regions defined by the National Venture Capital Association.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Figure 2.11

Patents for Inventions, 2000-15Metropolitan areas

92,57789,981

62,65346,991

32,416

45,465

41,696

74,381

44,406

37,342

143,473

34,89333,753

32,19725,717

0 30,000 60,000 90,000 120,000 150,000

Portland, ORHouston

PhiladelphiaAustin, TX

Dallas-Fort WorthDetroit

Minneapolis-St. PaulSeattle

San DiegoChicago

BostonLos Angeles

San FranciscoNew York

San Jose, CA

While the Philadelphia area ranks seventh in the nation in population, it stood 13th in the number of patents for inventions, so-called “utility” patents, granted from 2000-15. The San Jose, California-area, home to Silicon Valley, had far more than any other region.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

23

Figure 2.12

Percentage of Households With Broadband Internet Service, 2015

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Detroit

Cleveland

Baltimore

Philadelphia

Houston

Chicago

Phoenix

Pittsburgh

Washington

Boston

76.8%

74.5%

71.4%

70.8%

70.1%

66.7%

62.1%

74.5%

50%

81.6%

In Philadelphia, 7 out of 10 households have broadband internet subscriptions. This indicator is a new one from the census, and the results, when compared with previous data from other sources, indicate that more and more households have been acquiring high-speed internet access.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

24

Figure 2.13

Size of Businesses in Philadelphia, 2014By number of employees

53.6%1-4

1.1%250 and up

17.7%5-9

13.1%10-19

9.3%20-49

3.3%50-99

1.9%100-249

The vast majority of businesses in Philadelphia, over 84 percent of them, have fewer than 20 employees—making it similar in that regard to other East Coast cities. Compared with some of those cities, however, Philadelphia is home to fewer firms per capita. It has about 17 for every 1,000 residents, while Baltimore has 20, Boston (Suffolk County) 26, and Washington 33.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

25

Figure 2.14

Ownership of Businesses in the Philadelphia Region, 2014By race/ethnicity

78.8%White

7.8%Public

10%Asian

2.4%Black

1%Other/Mixed

Of all businesses in the Philadelphia area for which the census could determine ownership, nearly 4 out of 5 were white-owned in 2014, and fewer than 1 in 40 were owned by African-Americans. The publicly held companies, while less than 8 percent of the nearly 110,000 businesses included in the count, accounted for about two-thirds of total payroll—and the white-owned firms for most of the rest. All other businesses, including those owned by blacks and Asians, represented about 2 percent of payroll. The census did not list Hispanics as a separate category.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Although the incidence of crime in Philadelphia declined to levels not seen since the 1970s, concern about the subject increased in 2016.

In a Pew poll conducted in August, 44 percent of residents listed public safety as the number one problem facing the city, nearly twice as high a percentage as had mentioned it in a similar survey 18 months earlier. The hard statistics, though, showed that the city was getting safer. Homicides dropped slightly, and violent crime as a whole was down as well. So, too, was the number of major crimes, a category that includes burglaries, thefts, and other property offenses.

Public safety has other elements, and the performance on those fronts was mixed. Fire deaths rose to 21, up from 12 the year before, although still low by historical standards. The 76 deaths related to traffic accidents were the fewest in decades.

Public Safety

27

28

Figure 3.1

Poll Results: The Biggest Problem Facing Philadelphia

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

44% Public safety

20% Education

14% Jobs/economy

10% Poverty

6% Government/corruption

6% Taxes

4% Neighborhood revitalization

By an overwhelming margin, respondents to the most recent Pew Philadelphia Poll, taken in August 2016, said public safety was the biggest problem facing the city. This was quite a change from the previous poll, taken 18 months earlier, when residents listed education as their biggest concern; public safety was second at the time, mentioned by only 23 percent of those polled. The shift in attitude coincided with a rise in the homicide rate in Philadelphia, although the rise was not as steep as in some other cities.

For much of 2016, Philadelphia’s homicide total ran ahead of the 2015 number, year-to-date. In the end, though, the final number was down 1 percent at 278, higher than in 2013 and 2014 but well below the annual figures recorded in nearly all of the last 50 years.

200

300

400

500

20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006

406391

331324

246 248

280 278

302 306

Num

ber o

f hom

icid

es

331

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Figure 3.2

Homicides in Philadelphia, 2006-16

29

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Although Philadelphia’s homicide total fell slightly in 2016, the number of shooting victims did not. It rose for the second consecutive year and reached the highest level since 2011.

1,000

1,500

2,000

20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006

1,857

1,597

1,3991,361

1,4711,407

1,279

1,047

1,238 1,280

1,128Num

ber o

f sho

otin

gs

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Boston

Phoenix

Houston

Philadelphia

Pittsburgh

Washington

Chicago

Cleveland

Detroit

Baltimore 51.1

44.6

35

28

20.1

18.4

17.7

13.2

9.4

6.9

Figure 3.3

Homicide Rate, 2016Homicides per 100,000 residents

Among the cities listed here, Philadelphia had the seventh highest homicide rate in 2016, and, as a result of the huge increase in murders in Chicago, Philadelphia was no longer the most deadly of the 10 largest cities on a per capita basis. Besides Chicago, three of the other cities—Cleveland, Detroit, and Phoenix—recorded increases in their homicide rates compared with 2015. Philadelphia, Boston, and Houston had little change. Rates fell in Pittsburgh, Washington, and Baltimore.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Figure 3.4

Shooting Victims in Philadelphia, 2006-16

30

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

For the most part, the numbers of major crimes and violent crimes reported in Philadelphia have been declining for the past decade. And 2016 was no exception. Major crimes were down about 2 percent, while violent crimes fell by nearly 5 percent, with both categories at the lowest levels since the 1970s. Violent crimes are defined as homicide, rape, aggravated assault, and robbery. Major crimes include those offenses plus burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson.

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006

Total major crimes

Violent crimes

85,49882,217 82,884

70,526 68,81565,544 64,544

74,485 75,712 74,47977,465

22,883 20,957 20,681 18,982 18,328 18,282 17,641 17,004 15,771 16,062 15,236

Figure 3.6

Major Crime in Philadelphia, 2006-16

Figure 3.5

Philadelphia Homicide Victims, 2015

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

90% Male

84% Killed by gunshot

77% Had prior arrests

77% African-American

76% Died outdoors

62% Ages 18-34

31

551414

3535

3939 2525

22

1515

77

88

2424

26262222

6699

1717

33

111212

7777

1818

1616

1919

Figure 3.7

Violent Crime in Philadelphia, 2016By police district

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

In 2016, violent crime in Philadelphia decreased the most in some of the highest-crime areas and increased in places where violent crime had been less common, including the western section of Center City. In percentage terms, the biggest one-year drops came in the 14th police district, which includes Germantown, and in the 26th, which covers parts of eastern North Philadelphia. And there were significant declines in the five districts with the highest incidence of violent crime.

Rank District Neighborhood Total

1 15 Frankford 1,443

2 22 North Philadelphia/West 1,347

3 25 Juniata Park/Feltonville 1,261

4 24 Kensington 1,098

5 35 Olney 1,018

6 19 West Philadelphia 1,006

7 12 Southwest Philadelphia 990

8 39 Allegheny West 973

9 18 West Philadelphia 919

10 14 Germantown 779

11 2 Oxford Circle 724

12 3 South Philadelphia/East 589

13 16 West Philadelphia 561

14 26 North Philadelphia/East 509

15 17 Point Breeze 450

16 9 Center City/West 417

17 6 Center City/East 390

18 1 South Philadelphia/West 327

19 8 Northeast Philadelphia 305

20 7 Bustleton 176

21 5 Roxborough 99

22 77 Philadelphia International Airport 4

<500500-999>1,000

Total crimes

32

Overall, Philadelphians expressed a strong level of confidence in their police to treat blacks and whites equally. But the gap among the main racial and ethnic groups was substantial on this topic, with blacks and Hispanics roughly 30 percentage points less confident in the police than whites. The gap was bigger than in the previous Philadelphia Poll.

HispanicsWhites BlacksAll Philadelphians0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

60%

37%47% 50%

76%

21%

45%52%

ConfidentNot confident

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Figure 3.8

Poll Results: Confidence in Philadelphia Police to Treat Blacks and Whites Equally

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

The average daily population of the Philadelphia city jails has fallen significantly in the last several years, from more than 9,000 as recently as 2013 to 7,400 in 2016. Even so, the city’s jail population, on a per capita basis, is one of the highest among the nation’s most populous counties. In 2015, the city received a $3.5 million grant from the MacArthur Foundation to reduce the inmate count by one-third over three years, doing so in ways that do not compromise public safety.

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006

8,602 8,892 8,6569,322

8,271 8,0348,801 9,024

8,449 8,0217,400

Figure 3.9

City Prison Population, 2006-16Average daily inmate count

33

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

The general trend for traffic fatalities in Philadelphia has been down in recent years, and the 2016 total was the lowest in decades. Of the 76 people who died, 36 were pedestrians, 28 were driving or riding in cars and trucks, and 12 were on bicycles or motorcycles. In November 2016, Philadelphia hired its first “complete streets” director, giving her the mission of making streets safer and more efficient for all users.

0

30

60

90

120

150

20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006

104

125

92 95 93 87

107

8997 94

76

Figure 3.10

Traffic Fatalities in Philadelphia, 2006-16

34

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Even with an increase from 2015, the number of fire deaths in Philadelphia last year was one of the lowest on record. In at least three years during the 1980s, the city recorded 100 or more fire fatalities.

10

20

30

40

50

60

20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006

5247

39

33 32

25 24

12

21

30 32

Figure 3.11

Fire Deaths in Philadelphia, 2006-16

35

Figure 3.12

Philadelphia Fire Department Activity, 2006-16

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

In 2016, 83 percent of all runs by the Philadelphia Fire Department were in response to emergency medical situations, and the number of such responses has grown by more than 44,000 in the past six years. Only 2,634 of the fire incidents to which the department responded turned out to be structure fires.

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

20162015201420132012201220102009200820072006

All runs

Fire incidents

267,867 264,129 266,102 268,996 262,398277,635 276,939 279,019

293,595

214,404 213,901 217,000 221,133 216,148231,520 234,156

243,949

53,463 50,228 49,102 47,863 46,250 47,926 45,419 44,863 49,646

Emergency medical incidents

307,938 313,934

54,508 53,777

229,709

253,430 260,157

It was a relatively stable year on the education front in Philadelphia, something of a break from years past.

The School District got through 2016 without a fiscal crisis, a work stoppage, or a change of leadership; William Hite Jr., who became superintendent in 2012, signed on for another five years. Mayor Kenney began to implement his pre-K initiative and the “community school” concept, the idea of using neighborhood schools to deliver support services to the areas they serve. And the public impression of the district, while still overwhelmingly negative, improved a little, according to the Pew poll.

The share of Philadelphians with bachelor’s degrees or higher edged upward, with the biggest gains recorded among the city’s young adults. Head counts rose in charter schools and fell in district-run and Catholic institutions. Among students in the public schools, little progress was made on test scores or graduation rates.

Education

37

38

Figure 4.1

K-12 Enrollment Trends, 2009-16

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Enrollment in Philadelphia’s district-run schools, which had been essentially stable for three years, fell by more than 2,000 in 2016-17. At the same time, the number of students in taxpayer-funded charter schools continued its long-term rise, which has slowed in recent years, and the Catholic schools’ head count fell by 11 percent. Since 2008-09, district-run schools are down 18 percent, charters are up 105 percent, Catholic schools are down 38 percent, and the total number of students in the three types of schools is down 3 percent. Not included in this data are Philadelphia students who attend cyber charters.

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

157,074 156,211

149,507

142,639

131,362 130,104

2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15

District-run schools

140,000

160,000

180,000

0

Charter schools

Catholic schools

31,52733,995

40,422

46,904

54,868

60,17562,358

32,211 29,884 27,694 25,98422,913 22,808 22,594 22,309 19,857

2015–16 2016–17

131,698 129,489

136,597

63,441 64,750

39

Figure 4.2

PSSA Scores for Philadelphia Public School Students, 2006-16Percentage of students considered proficient or advanced

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

In 2016, only 18 percent of Philadelphia students who took the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA) tests scored proficient or advanced in math, and 31.5 percent did so in reading. The test scores, which have been declining locally since 2012, dropped dramatically in Philadelphia and across the state in 2015, when the exams were overhauled and made much more difficult. The math decline in Philadelphia was less than the statewide average, and the reading drop was slightly more. The PSSAs are given to students in grades three through eight.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0 2015 2016

Math Reading38

.1%

41.9

%

40.6

%

44.9

%

44.8

%

49.0

%

47.7

%

52.2

%

50.0

%56.3

%

52.3

%59.0

%

45.0

%

50.0

%

42.3

%

46.9

%

42.0

%

45.2

%

31.7

%

16.7

%

31.5

%

18%

40

Figure 4.3

National Assessment of Educational Progress Scores, 2015

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

On both math and reading, Philadelphia ranked 17th among the 21 large urban districts whose fourth- and eighth-grade students took the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) tests in 2015. Philadelphia’s scores were below the big-city average and were essentially unchanged from 2013, with the exception of a decline in fourth-grade math. These charts reflect the combined fourth- and eighth-grade scores in each subject. The NAEP is the only standardized test given in urban districts across the country.

Math Reading

1 Charlotte, NC

2 Austin, TX

3 Hillsborough County, FL (Tampa)

4 Boston

5 Miami-Dade County

6 Houston

7 San Diego

8 Duval County, FL (Jacksonville)

9 Jefferson County, KY (Louisville)

10 Chicago

11 Dallas

12 New York

13 Washington

14 Albuquerque, NM

15 Atlanta

16 Los Angeles

17 Philadelphia

18 Fresno, CA

19 Baltimore

20 Cleveland

21 Detroit

1 Charlotte, NC

2 Miami-Dade County

3 Hillsborough County, FL (Tampa)

4 Austin, TX

5 Jefferson County, KY (Louisville)

6 Duval County, FL (Jacksonville)

7 San Diego

8 Boston

9 New York

10 Chicago

11 Washington

12 Atlanta

13 Houston

14 Albuquerque, NM

15 Los Angeles

16 Dallas

17 Philadelphia

18 Fresno, CA

19 Baltimore

20 Cleveland

21 Detroit

41

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

After rising from 2006 through 2012, the four-year graduation rate in Philadelphia’s district-run high schools has held relatively steady in recent years, at just under two-third of all students; the national four-year rate is 82 percent. Over the same period, the district’s rate of graduation within six years after students enter ninth grade has risen to 71 percent.

Figure 4.4

High School Graduation Rates, 2006-16In Philadelphia district-run schools

0 10% 20% 30% 60% 70%

Class of 2006

Class of 2007

Class of 2008

Class of 2009

Class of 2010

Class of 2013

Class of 2011

Class of 2012

Class of 2014

Class of 2015

59%52%

61%53%

63%57%

61%56%

64%60%

67%63%

69%66%

40% 50% 80%

Class of 2016

70%65%

71%65%

65%

66%

In four yearsIn five or six years

Figure 4.5

Number of Charter Schools in Philadelphia, 2006-17

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

The number of charter schools in the city, which rose sharply during the 2000s, has changed little in recent years; the School Reform Commission has allowed few new schools to open, although some are coming next year, and a number of others have closed their doors. As recently as 2002, there were only 39 charter schools in Philadelphia and enrollment was below 20,000 students, which is less than a third of charter enrollment now.

50

60

70

80

90

100

5661 63

67

80

86 86 8683

2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–1340

2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

School year

84

74

42

Figure 4.6

Student Absenteeism in the School District of Philadelphia, 2015-16Percentage of students missing at least 10 percent of school days

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Although district officials have cited progress on student attendance, absenteeism remains a major problem. In the 2015-16 school year, nearly one-third of students missed at least 10 percent of all school days; in the high schools, the share of students missing that much time approached one-half. About 42 percent of all students in the district missed no more than 5 percent of school days, up from 39 percent in 2014-15.

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

All students

Grade 12

Grade 11

Grade 10

Grade 9

Grade 8

Grade 7

Grade 6

Grade 5

Grade 4

Grade 3

Grade 2

Grade 1

Kindergarten 31%

30%

27%

25%

22%

28%

30%

28%

23%

46%

47%

44%

51%

32%

43

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

2016201520132012201120102009

Only fair or poor

Excellent or good

63% 64%68%

71%

78% 77%

73%

30%

24% 24% 23%

18% 19%22%

Philadelphians’ assessment of the city’s school system has improved marginally in the last few years, although it is still overwhelmingly negative and significantly lower than it was in 2009.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Figure 4.7

Poll Results: Grading the Philadelphia Public Schools

44

Figure 4.8

Percentage of College Graduates, 2015Adults 25 and over

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

The educational attainment level in Philadelphia, though rising, remained below the national average and the levels of most of the comparison cities. The Philadelphia region as a whole fares much better; 36 percent of the region’s adults are graduates of four-year colleges, well above average for metropolitan areas.

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Detroit

Cleveland

Phoenix

Philadelphia

Baltimore

U.S.

Houston

Chicago

Pittsburgh

Boston

Washington 56.7%

30.6%

27.4%

46.6%

41.3%

36.6%

30.9%

29.9%

26.6%

16.2%

14.2%

Figure 4.9

Percentage of Residents With Bachelor’s Degrees, 2015By age

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

While Philadelphia’s overall level of educational attainment remained low compared with many other cities and the nation as a whole, the numbers have been getting better among younger adults. Of city residents ages 25-34, 41.3 percent had bachelor’s degrees, more than 7 points higher than the national average and higher than the percentages in many other cities. The share of residents ages 35-44 with bachelor’s degrees rose by 5 percentage points from 2013-15.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

65+45-6435-4425-34

PhiladelphiaU.S.

34.1

%

41.3

%

34.2

%

29.9

%

29.8

%

19.8

%

25.8

%

18.7

%

45

The variation in educational attainment by census tract is extreme in Philadelphia. More than 75 percent of adults have bachelor’s or higher degrees in Chestnut Hill, parts of University City, and neighborhoods in and around Center City. On the other hand, the percentage is below 25 percent in vast stretches of the city, including parts of Southwest, West, and North Philadelphia as well as much of the Northeast.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

< 25 percent25–49 percent50–74 percent75+ percentNonresidential

19131

19124

19134

19144

19140

19104

19121

19132

19141

19139

19122

19145 19148

19143

19120

19135

19149

19138

19142

19153

19136

19111

19116

19115

19137

19151

19129

19146

19125

19150

19123

19126

19107

19154

19114

19119

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19128

19118

19147

19130

1910619103

19102

19131

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191321913319133

19141

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19145 19148

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19150

19123

19126

19107

19154

19114

19119

19152

19128

19118

19147

19130

1910619103

19127

19102

Figure 4.10

Percentage of Philadelphia Residents Age 25 or Older With Bachelor’s or Higher Degree

<25 percent

25-49 percent

50-74 percent

75+ percent

Nonresidential

The housing market in Philadelphia remained strong in 2016, even as the residential building boom showed signs of slowing down.

Home prices were 38 percent higher than in 2010, and more homes sold than in any year since 2007, before the Great Recession. The number of building permits issued for residential construction, which peaked in 2014, dropped substantially but was still higher than it had been in many recent years.

As sales prices and rents rose, community leaders voiced concern about housing affordability. Census data indicated that 56 percent of residents were paying at least 30 percent of their income in rent, higher than in many other comparable cities. On the whole, though, housing in Philadelphia remained less expensive than in New York, Washington, and Boston.

Housing

47

48

49

Figure 5.1

Homeownership Rate, 2015

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Traditionally, Philadelphia has had a much higher homeownership rate than most other older American cities. The city’s rate, which was nearly 60 percent as recently as 2006, fell steadily before, during, and after the Great Recession. But it appears to have stabilized in the last several years, keeping Philadelphia a majority homeowning city.

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Boston

Washington

Cleveland

Houston

Chicago

Baltimore

Detroit

Pittsburgh

Phoenix

Philadelphia

50.3%

47.5%

44.8%

43.8%

41.4%

41.2%

46.6%

34.1%

52.6%

39.9%

50

19131

19124

19134

19144

19140

19104

19121

19132

19141

19139

19122

1914519148

19143

19135

19149

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19111

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19130

1910319102

1913319133

1914719147

19106191061910719107

1914219142

1912019120

19127

Figure 5.2

Changes in Home Sale Prices, 2010-16

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Over the past six years, the median price for home sales in Philadelphia rose by 38 percent, with a big surge in the past two years, according to data compiled by local real estate economist Kevin Gillen. Many of the areas with the biggest price increases in percentage terms are those that have recently gentrified or are currently gentrifying, including University City, Fishtown, and parts of North and South Philadelphia. Median prices fell or were unchanged in 20 of the city’s 46 residential ZIP codes. Small numbers of sales in some ZIP codes may skew the figures shown here.

Increased 15% or moreIncreased less than 15%UnchangedDecreased less than 15%Decreased 15% or more

51

ZIP 2010 2016 Change from 2010 to 2016 Percentage change19122 $80,000 $155,000 $75,000 94%

19104 $91,484 $160,000 $68,516 75%

19121 $40,000 $67,700 $27,700 68%

19125 $128,375 $210,000 $81,625 64%

19107 $412,500 $594,950 $182,450 44%

19146 $155,000 $220,000 $65,000 42%

19123 $279,500 $390,000 $110,500 40%

19133 $10,000 $13,920 $3,920 39%

19145 $100,000 $135,000 $35,000 35%

19141 $62,750 $82,000 $19,250 31%

19147 $280,000 $355,000 $75,000 27%

19148 $140,000 $175,000 $35,000 25%

19103 $575,000 $690,000 $115,000 20%

19130 $314,000 $375,000 $61,000 19%

19106 $650,000 $772,500 $122,500 19%

19126 $118,500 $139,000 $20,500 17%

19118 $395,000 $462,000 $67,000 17%

19143 $48,750 $54,350 $5,600 11%

19151 $104,900 $114,250 $9,350 9%

19140 $21,250 $23,000 $1,750 8%

19153 $110,000 $118,825 $8,825 8%

19139 $36,000 $38,000 $2,000 6%

19142 $38,000 $40,000 $2,000 5%

19149 $121,000 $125,000 $4,000 3%

19116 $217,500 $220,000 $2,500 1%

19150 $142,250 $143,250 $1,000 1%

19152 $179,900 $180,000 $100 Unchanged

19127 $210,000 $210,000 $0 Unchanged

19115 $225,900 $225,000 ($900) Unchanged

19144 $80,297 $79,279 ($1,108) -1%

19154 $190,000 $187,500 ($2,500) -1%

19119 $234,950 $230,000 ($4,950) -2%

19136 $132,700 $129,900 ($2,800) -2%

19128 $224,750 $220,000 ($4,750) -2%

19111 $160,000 $155,000 ($5,000) -3%

19129 $218,000 $210,500 ($7,500) -3%

19135 $102,800 $98,500 ($4,300) -4%

19114 $196,500 $185,000 ($11,500) -6%

19137 $130,000 $122,000 ($8,000) -6%

19102 $695,000 $629,000 ($66,000) -9%

19124 $81,000 $73,000 ($8,000) -10%

19134 $45,000 $40,000 ($5,000) -11%

19132 $17,000 $15,000 ($2,000) -12%

19120 $80,000 $70,000 ($10,000) -13%

19138 $75,405 $64,000 ($11,405) -15%

19131 $69,900 $59,000 ($10,900) -16%

City median $103,000 $142,000 $39,000 38%

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

52

Figure 5.4

Residential Building Permits Issued, 2006-16

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

The decline in the number of units for which residential building permits were issued in 2016 suggested that the city’s recent housing construction boom, while still ongoing, was slowing down. The total for the year, though still high by historical standards, was off 20 percent from the peak in 2014.

2,1641,972

947 984

2,175

1,5521,701

2,815

3,6663,973

3,175

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006

Number of units

Figure 5.3

Sales of Residential Units in Philadelphia, 2006-16

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

After hitting a post-recession low in 2011, sales of private residential units in Philadelphia have increased over the past five years. The 2016 total was the highest since 2007, according to data compiled by real estate economist Kevin Gillen.

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006

25

,512

21,

783

16,4

93

14,1

10

13,1

44

11,8

36

12,2

38

13,4

28

14,2

61

15,6

01

17,8

82

53

Figure 5.5

Philadelphia Housing Authority Waiting List, 2010-16

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

The waiting list for public housing in Philadelphia has declined sharply over the past two years. This has occurred largely because officials at the Philadelphia Housing Authority have removed from the list individuals who could not be contacted. In 2016, the authority provided housing for 32,597 households through the units it manages and the Housing Choice Voucher assistance program.

2016201520142013201220112010

48,3

76 57,5

99

63,5

67

68,3

09 77,6

94

48,0

57

42,8

86

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

54

Figure 5.6

Percentage of Residents Paying at Least 30% of Income in Rent

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

This indicator from the census is considered a key measure of housing affordability; the 30 percent standard was created by the federal government decades ago. In some cities, like Philadelphia and Detroit, the percentage of residents paying more than 30 percent of income for rent is primarily a reflection of low incomes. In other places, such as Boston, it is more a reflection of high rents. Philadelphia’s number, while high relative to most of the comparison cities, has dropped several percentage points since 2010.

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Washington Phoenix

PittsburghHoustonChicago

ClevelandBaltimore

BostonPhiladelphia

Detroit

54.1%

52.5%

51%

50.4%

53.5%

64.4%

56.4%

49.8%

50%

48.4%

55

Figure 5.7

Salary Needed to Afford a Median-Priced Home in the Philadelphia Area

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

In the Philadelphia area, the salary required to afford payments on a median-priced home—$53,422—is near the national average and fifth among the 10 metropolitan areas that include the comparison cities often cited in this report. This calculation, which comes from the HSH.com mortgage research company, suggests that homes in the Philadelphia region are substantially more affordable than in the Boston and Washington areas and less so than in Pittsburgh and Cleveland.

$0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000

BostonWashington

Chicago

BaltimorePhiladelphia

U.S.Houston

DetroitClevelandPittsburgh

$50,000 $100,000$90,000$80,000$70,000$60,000

Phoenix

$81,940$62,456

$56,837$53,422

$52,699$52,275

$48,716$38,542

$34,434$32,390

$87,557

In his first year in office, Mayor Kenney took initial steps to renovate Philadelphia’s parks, libraries, and recreation centers, and to address the huge unfunded liability in the city’s pension system.

The multiyear, $600 million Rebuild initiative commanded a lot of attention and support. But the efforts to deal with Philadelphia’s $6 billion pension gap were vital as well. The city and the union representing its blue-collar workers agreed on changes likely to improve the pension situation somewhat; contracts with the other bargaining units were set to expire in mid-2017.

The transportation sector had a rocky year. SEPTA’s Regional Rail division lost ridership after having to remove and repair its Silverliner V cars, reducing the system’s capacity for months, and the agency’s City Transit division endured a brief strike in the fall. Amtrak ridership was up, while the passenger count at Philadelphia International Airport was down.

Government and Transportation

57

58

Figure 6.1

City Employees, 2006-16

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

The number of people employed by the city of Philadelphia—which declined during and immediately after the Great Recession—has been rising in the past few years. As of Dec. 31, 2016, the figure was the highest since the same time in 2008. In the first year of Mayor Kenney’s administration, the number of city employees increased by 540, about 2 percent.

25,000

26,000

27,000

28,000

29,000

30,000

20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006

27,15627,652 27,747

27,28726,863

26,560 26,37226,662 26,641

26,81427,354

Figure 6.2

Funding Level, City of Philadelphia Pension Funds, 2005-15

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

52%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

20152014201320122011201020092008200720062005

54% 55%

45% 47% 50%48%

46% 45%47%53%

The funding level of Philadelphia’s public-employee pension funds, which stood at 60 percent as recently as 2004, fell to 45 percent in 2015, the most recent year for which data were available. The unfunded liability, calculated at $5.9 billion, is considered one of the city’s primary, long-term fiscal problems. In fiscal year 2017, city government was budgeted to contribute $636 million to its pension funds.

59

70%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

80%

90%

100%

0%

Neighborhood-based services5%

Subsidies and payments6%

Debt service7%

Central administration14%

Employee benefits29%

Public safety32%

Health and social services7%

Figure 6.3

City Spending by CategoryPhiladelphia general fund budget, fiscal year 2017

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Public safety and employee benefits, which include pensions and health care, accounted for 61 percent of the city’s $4.2 billion budget in 2016-17. Ten years ago, these two spending categories accounted for about 52 percent of the budget.

Departments and organizations in each city spending categorySubsidies and payments

Art Museum Convention Center

Atwater Kent Museum School District

Community College SEPTA

Neighborhood-based services

Free Library Streets Department—Sanitation

Mural Arts Program Streets Department—Transportation

Parks & Recreation Department

Health and social services

Department of Human Services Office of Housing and Community Development

Department of Public Health Office of Supportive Housing

Office of Behavioral Health and Intellectual disAbility Services

Central administration

Board of Ethics Managing Director’s Office

Board of Revision of Taxes Mayor's Office

City Commissioners Office of Arts & Culture

City Controller Office of the Chief Administrative Officer

City Council Office of Community Schools and Pre-K

City Planning Commission Office of Community Empowerment and Opportunity

City Representative Office of Human Resources

City Treasurer Office of Innovation and Technology

Civil Service Commission Office of the Inspector General

Commerce Department Office of Property Assessment

Finance Department Office of Sustainability

Fleet Management Procurement Department

Historical Commission Public Property Department

Human Relations Commission Records Department

Labor Relations Register of Wills

Law Department Revenue Department

Licenses & Inspections Utilities

Employee benefits

Employee Disability Pension Contribution

Group Legal & Life Insurance Social Security Payments

Health/Medical Unemployment Compensation

Public safety

District Attorney Police Department

Fire Department Prisons

First Judicial District Sheriff

Legal Services

60

Figure 6.4

City Capital Spending by Category

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

In addition to its operating budget, the city of Philadelphia was slated to spend more than $1.3 billion on capital projects in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2017. Nearly half of that spending was categorized as deferred maintenance/safety and risk management. The Aviation Department, which runs the city’s two airports, accounted for about 30 percent of the capital budget.

49 %

1 % 2% 8%

40 %

Technological upgradesSustainability/energy efficiencyQuality of life/economic developmentNew or improved facility/modernizationDeferred maintenance/safety and risk management

Figure 6.5

Philadelphia Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Voter turnout in Philadelphia was above 66 percent of registered voters in 2016, a rate that was marginally higher than in 2012 and slightly lower than in 2008. The turnout percentages in this chart would be lower if shown as the share of the voting age population, as opposed to registered voters. More than 77 percent of registered voters in the city are Democrats.

1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000

70%

60%

90%

80%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0

2004 2008 2012 2016

84%

76.7%75.4%

71.9% 70.9%

67.1%

72.8%

57.1%

54.7%

64%68.4%

65.8% 66.4%

61

Figure 6.6

Average Travel Time to Work, 2015In minutes

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Among the comparison cities, Philadelphia had a relatively high average travel time to work. The size of a city appears to figure into this statistic; two of the largest cities in this group, Chicago and Philadelphia, had the longest travel times, while the two smallest cities, Cleveland and Pittsburgh, had the shortest.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Pittsburgh

Cleveland

Phoenix

Detroit

Houston

Washington

Boston

Baltimore

Philadelphia

Chicago

33.1

31.8

27.6

25.9

25.9

31.4

24.9

23.8

29.8

35

62

Figure 6.7

Local Mass Transit RidershipOne-way rides per year, 2006-16

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Ridership on SEPTA City Transit Division fell for the fourth straight year, down 5.5 percent from the peak recorded in 2012. All of the SEPTA statistics shown here are for the period ending June 30 of each year. So the 2016 numbers for the division do not reflect ridership lost during the six-day strike in November. Nor do the Regional Rail figures reflect the ridership decline in the summer after SEPTA found defects in its Silverliner V rail cars and had to reduce service. Usage of the PATCO high-speed line was the highest since 1999.

0

50M

250M

300M

20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006

PATCO high-speed line

SEPTA Regional Rail

SEPTA City Transit

282,239,000

272,506,000

269,556,117

247,947,108 271,818,600

266,952,400

9,377,000 10,007,25610,612,90010,109,00010,338,000 10,653,390

35,255,00034,913,00035,450,39530,433,631

36,657,700 37,700,800

Figure 6.8

Percentage of Population Using Public Transit to Travel to Work, 2015

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Among the nation’s 25 largest cities, only five recorded a higher percentage of people use public transit to get to work than Philadelphia. Besides Washington, Boston, and Chicago, the other two were New York and San Francisco.

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

PhoenixHouston

U.S.Detroit

ClevelandPittsburghBaltimore

PhiladelphiaChicago

BostonWashington 35.8%

34.5%28.3%

25.2%

19.6%

17.3%

10.8%

6.8%

5.2%

4%

3.5%

63

Figure 6.9

Annual Vehicle Miles Traveled in Philadelphia, 2006-15

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

In 2014 and 2015, buoyed by a relatively strong economy and low fuel costs, the number of vehicle miles driven in Philadelphia rose after prolonged decline, a decline caused in part by the Great Recession. It has been a goal of the city Office of Sustainability to keep this figure as low as possible.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

Miles (in billions)

5.99

5.98

5.68

5.52

5.34

5.45

5.26

5.50

5.95

5.57

64

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

The number of passengers using Philadelphia International Airport fell by 4 percent in 2016, the first decline since 2012, due partly to an 8 percent drop in international traffic. International travel at the airport had risen steadily throughout the past decade.

Figure 6.10

Airport Passengers, 2006-16Philadelphia International Airport

0

5M

25M

30M

35M

Domestic

Total

International

20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006

3,989,268 4,041,240 4,209,225 4,348,221 4,537,605 4,191,631

27,779,004 27,793,485

26,566,736 25,904,595 26,202,575 25,963,459

31,768,27230,775,961 30,252,816

30,740,180 30,155,09031,834,725

Figure 6.11

Amtrak Ridership, Northeast CorridorChange from 2010 to 2015

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

From 2010 through 2015, Amtrak ridership at 30th Street Station grew by 9 percent, one of the stronger performances among major stations in the Northeast Corridor. The Boston statistics include all three Amtrak stations in that city. Philadelphia has the third largest ridership in the national passenger-train system.

2015

2010

Providence, RI

Newark, NJ

BWI Airport

Wilmington, DE

New Haven, CT

Baltimore

Boston

Philadelphia

Washington

New York

0 2M 4M 6M 8M 10M 12M

20102015

%22

%9

%15

%2

%7

%9

%0

%0

%3

%3

65

Figure 6.12

Number of Philadelphians Who Bicycle to Work

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

The use of bicycles for commuting has tripled since the beginning of the century. Philadelphia has over 400 miles of designated bike lanes, and Mayor Kenney has promised to add some protected lanes in the coming years.

2000

4,908

2015

14,487

Arts and culture contribute to Philadelphia’s quality of life and economic well-being in numerous ways. Residents, particularly newcomers, often cite the variety and sheer volume of cultural activity when listing the city’s great strengths.

In 2016, several attractions in the Historic District—an area central to the city’s identity—had particularly strong years. Attendance at the Liberty Bell Pavilion was up 27 percent, Independence Visitor Center up 16 percent, and Independence Hall up 10 percent, compared with 2014.

Although several studies have suggested that the city might have more cultural organizations than it can sustain long term, there has been no sign that the sector is contracting. In fact, the number of groups appears to be growing.

Arts and Culture

67

68

Figure 7.1

Attendance at Selected Historical and Cultural Attractions, 2016

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

2016 was a strong year for many of Philadelphia’s leading historical and cultural attractions, with four of them attracting more than 1 million visitors. Six of the 14 most-visited attractions were in the Historic District, led by the Independence Visitor Center and the Liberty Bell Pavilion. Also near the top of the list were the Philadelphia Zoo and the Franklin Institute, both of which are popular with families.

Penn MuseumBetsy Ross House

Christ Church and Burial GroundsAcademy of Natural Science

The Barnes FoundationEastern State Penitentiary

Please Touch MuseumNational Constitution Center

Independence HallPhiladelphia Museum of Art

The Franklin InstitutePhiladelphia Zoo

Liberty Bell PavilionIndependence Visitor Center

2,309,247

1,034,744775,024

651,719480,355

256,382

246,780

752,658

1,129,598

388,995

214,021

191,985

2,472,357

183,921

0 500,000 1M 1.5M 2M 2.5M

69

Figure 7.2

Cultural Organizations by Type, 2015

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Of the 729 nonprofit cultural organizations in Philadelphia, the performing arts constitute the largest number, followed by multipurpose and historical groups. In this count, groups are classified by the category they use in reporting to the Internal Revenue Service. Not listed are organizations that offer some cultural programming but do not file with the IRS under one of these categories.

53

169

187

31229

22 15

22

Advocacy or professional associations

Multipurposeorganizations

Media and communications

Visual arts

Museums

Performing arts

Other

Libraries,zoos, arboretums,gardens, andaquariums

Humanities

81Historicalorganizations

45

44

70

Figure 7.3

Sources of Income for Philadelphia Arts and Cultural Organizations, 2015

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

In 2015, the last year for which these numbers were available, contributed income accounted for 53 percent of the sector’s total revenue, and earned income about 47 percent. Of the contributed funding, donations from individuals and trustees accounted for slightly more than $3 out of every $10; “other” includes money from special fundraising events, parent organizations, and in-kind contributions. Of the earned income, admissions, tickets, and tuition made up the largest portion (43 percent) while investments accounted for 15 percent, a strong performance by historical standards. Investment income does not include unrealized increases in the value of investments.

Earned income47% of total income

Contributed income53% of total income

43%Admissions,tickets,tuitions

12%

Sales and concessionsRentals

13%31%Individuals,board members

5%Corporations

22%Foundations

11%Allgovernment

Other31%Special events

and otherearned income

Earnedinvestments*

Advertisingand sponsorships

Memberships,subscriptions

2%

15%

5%5%

Fees5%

Earned income47% of total income

Contributed income53% of total income

43%Admissions,tickets,tuitions

12%

Sales and concessionsRentals

13%31%Individuals,board members

5%Corporations

22%Foundations

11%Allgovernment

Other31%Special events

and otherearned income

Earnedinvestments*

Advertisingand sponsorships

Memberships,subscriptions

2%

15%

5%5%

Fees5%

Figure 7.4

Attendance at Philadelphia’s Arts and Culture Venues, 2015

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

In 2015, the vast majority of total attendance at the city’s arts and culture venues was free of charge.

0 5M 15M 25M10M 20M

Free attendance

62%

13,357,395

Paid attendance

38%

8,208,840

Total attendance21,566,235

71

Figure 7.5

Cultural Organizations by Type

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

As in years past, nonprofit cultural organizations were concentrated in and around Center City. There also were clusters in the University City area of West Philadelphia and in the Germantown section of Northwest Philadelphia.

19127

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Museums, visual arts, and multipurposeHistorical and humanitiesPerforming artsLibraries, zoos, arboretums, gardens, and aquariums Advocacy, media, and communications (and other)

Poverty is one of Philadelphia’s most enduring, pervasive, and seemingly intractable problems.

At nearly 26 percent, the poverty rate is the highest among the nation’s 10 largest cities, seventh highest among the 52 cities with at least 350,000 residents. Most disturbing to officials is how little the figure has dropped in the relatively good national economy of the last few years.

In terms of health, there was some good news for the city: The percentage of residents without insurance coverage fell below 10 percent; the number of births to teenage mothers was half what it had been a decade ago; and infant deaths dropped to an historic low. On the other hand, a third of adult Philadelphians were obese and 22 percent were smokers; both rates are well above the national averages.

Health and Welfare

73

74

Figure 8.1

Poverty and Deep Poverty in Philadelphia, 2006-15

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

For the last decade, Philadelphia has had the highest poverty rate of the nation’s 10 largest cities, with the rate declining slowly from a peak of 28.4 percent in 2011. Throughout the period, well over 40 percent of the city’s poor have been living in “deep poverty,” meaning their incomes were no more than half of the federal poverty limit. In 2016, a family of four was living in poverty if its income was $24,300 or less, in deep poverty at $12,150 or less.

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Poverty rate

25.1%

26.7% 26.9%26.3%

25.8%

25%26%

28.4%

23.8% 24.1%

11.8% 11.1% 12% 12.3% 12.2% 12.3% 12.2%

11.1%

13.5% 13.1%

Deep poverty rate

2015201420132012201120102009200820072006

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

In the last few years, the national poverty rate has fallen substantially—but not in Philadelphia, where it has remained close to 26 percent. The local poverty rate in 2015 was roughly 18 percent for whites, 31 percent for African-Americans, 38 percent for children, and 39 percent for Hispanics.

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%

U.S.

Washington

Boston

Chicago

Houston

Phoenix

Baltimore

Pittsburgh

Philadelphia

Cleveland

Detroit 39.8%

23%

25.8%

34.7%

22.9%

22.3%

21.2%

20.9%

20.5%

13.5%

15.8%

Figure 8.2

Poverty Rate, 2015

75

Poverty in Philadelphia is widespread, with the highest concentrations found primarily in parts of North and West Philadelphia. In most of the city’s residential ZIP codes, the rate is over 20 percent.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

< 15 percent15–29 percent30–44 percent45+ percentNonresidential

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1911219112

1914719147

19106191061910719107

1914219142

1912019120

19127

Figure 8.3

Percentage of Philadelphians Living Below the Federal Poverty Line

<15 percent

15-29 percent

30-44 percent

45+ percent

Nonresidential

76

In January 2016, Philadelphia officials undertook a one-night count of people staying in emergency shelters, in transitional housing, in temporary drop-in centers, and on the street. The data showed that Philadelphia had 6,112 homeless people. That was the largest number since 2012 but below the recent peak of 6,871 recorded in 2008.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Age Sex Household Race Ethnicity Location

Children

Adults

Women

Men

29%

71%

42%

58%

Trans-gender<1%

Individuals

44%

56%

Familymembers

White

AsianOther

Black

4%

1%

80%

15% Hispanic

Non-Hispanic

9%

91%Sheltered

88%

12%

Un-sheltered

Figure 8.4

Profile of People Experiencing Homelessness in Philadelphia, 2016

77

Figure 8.5

Life Expectancy at Birth in Philadelphia

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Depending on where a child is born in Philadelphia, the variation in life expectancy can be as much as 20 years. Life expectancy is 88 years in ZIP code 19106 in Center City and only 68 in ZIP code 19132 in North Philadelphia, according to the Center on Society and Health at Virginia Commonwealth University. Generally, life expectancy in the city correlates with income, with the longest expectancies in wealthier areas and the shortest in areas with low household incomes. Citywide, life expectancy at birth is just under 76 years; it is 81 years in Montgomery and Chester counties. The national figure is about 79.

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Figure 8.7

Births to Teenage Mothers in Philadelphia, 2005-14Ages 15-19

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

From the recent peak in 2007 through 2014, the last year for which data were available, the number of children born to teenage mothers in Philadelphia declined by more than half. Over the same period, the national number fell as well, although not as sharply. In Philadelphia, the drop has been steepest among younger teens, those ages 15-17.

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Figure 8.6

Infant Mortality in Philadelphia, 2005-14

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

In 2014, the last year for which numbers were available, 7.9 of every 1,000 children born to Philadelphia parents, 177 in all, died before reaching their first birthdays, the lowest figure in many years. The national rate was 6.1 deaths per 1,000 births. In the city, two-thirds of the infants who died were African-American, and only 1 in 7 was white.

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© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Drug overdose deaths took center stage in Philadelphia in 2016, and the data in this graphic show why. From 2010 to 2015, the annual number of such fatalities rose by 78 percent, and the official 2016 totals, not available for this report, were expected to be in the range of 900. In 2015, 67 percent of those who died were white and 72 percent were male. Thirty percent of the victims used opioids, 22 percent benzodiazepines, 21 percent barbiturates, and 11 percent antidepressants. In the last several years, the number of unintentional overdoses has far exceeded the number of homicides and suicides in the city combined.

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Unintentional Drug Overdose Deaths in Philadelphia, 2006-15

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

With the Affordable Care Act fully in effect, there has been a decline in the percentage of individuals without health insurance in Philadelphia and other cities. In Philadelphia, the percentage dropped by more than 5 points from 2013 to 2015, tracking what happened nationally.

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Residents Without Health Insurance, 2015

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Figure 8.10

Adult Smoking in Philadelphia, 2015

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

The incidence of smoking varies widely across the city. In 2015, more than 30 percent of adults in 11 ZIP codes identified themselves as smokers; many of those areas are in lower-income and working-class sections of the city. The citywide smoking rate for adults was 22 percent, according to the Community Health Management Corp.’s Community Health Database, the source of these numbers. The national rate is about 17 percent.

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Figure 8.11

Obesity in Philadelphia, 2000-15

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

One in 3 adult Philadelphians qualified as obese in 2015; in 2000, only 1 in 4 did. These numbers come from the Community Health Data Base, a survey conducted every few years by Public Health Management Corp. In the survey, respondents were asked to give their height and weight. Based on that information, the researchers calculated whether individuals were obese. The statewide rate is 30 percent.

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In Philadelphia, about 3 in 10 adults report consuming at least one sugary drink per day. The figure varies widely from one neighborhood to another. The ZIP codes where consumption is high tend to be low-income areas, while those where consumption is low tend to have higher household incomes. A number of cities, including Philadelphia, have sought to raise funds and/or reduce consumption by imposing special taxes on sugary drinks and other beverages. In the Public Health Management Corp. survey that produced this data, respondents were asked to exclude diet drinks and 100 percent juice in giving their answers.

© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts

Figure 8.12

Consumption of Sugary Drinks in PhiladelphiaPercentage of adults consuming at least one per day

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Sources and Notes

The Big Picture1.1 U.S. Census Bureau (2016 population estimates); U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015,

http://factfinder.census.gov.

1.2 Census Bureau (intercensal estimates, 2000-10, http://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/intercensal-2000-2010-counties.html; census population estimates, 2011-16, www.census.gov/popest).

1.3 The Pew Philadelphia Poll, 2016.

1.4 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimates, http://factfinder.census.gov.

1.5 U.S. Census Bureau, Public Use Microdata Sample, American Community Survey, one-year estimates, 2013-15, accessed using IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota, www.ipums.org.

1.6 Pennsylvania Department of Health, Bureau of Health Statistics and Research, “Birth, Death, and Other Vital Statistics,” http://www.statistics.health.pa.gov/HealthStatistics/VitalStatistics/Pages/default.aspx#.WCoYrfMo670.

1.7 U.S. Census Bureau, 1990, 2000, and 2010 decennial censuses; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015. All sources but the 1990 count are available at http://factfinder.census.gov.

1.8 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, five-year estimate, 2011-15, http://factfinder.census.gov.

1.9 U.S. Census Bureau, “Nativity of the Population for the 50 Largest Urban Places: 1870 to 1990,” http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0029/tab19.html; U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 and 2010 decennial censuses and American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2005 and 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.

1.10 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.

1.11 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.

Jobs and the Economy2.1 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics—local data from Local Area Unemployment Statistics and national data from Current Population

Survey, http://www.bls.gov/data.

2.2 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, http://www.bls.gov/data.

2.3 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics, http://www.bls.gov/data.

2.4 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics, http://www.bls.gov/data.

2.5 Data for 1999 from Philadelphia Planning Commission, “City Stats: General Economic and Demographic Data,” http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/citystats.pdf. Data for 2016 from Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry, Center for Workforce Information and Analysis, “Top 50 Employers: Philadelphia County,” http://www.workstats.dli.pa.gov/Documents/Top%2050/Philadelphia_County_Top_50.pdf.

2.6 U.S. Census Bureau, “OnTheMap” (2014), http://onthemap.ces.census.gov.

2.7 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimates, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.

2.8 U.S. Census Bureau, “OnTheMap” (2014), http://onthemap.ces.census.gov.

2.9 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, five-year estimate, 2011-15, http://factfinder.census.gov.

2.10 National Venture Capital Association, http://www.nvca.org.

2.11 U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, “Patenting in Technology Classes, Breakout by Origin, U.S. Metropolitan and Micropolitan Areas,” https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/cls_cbsa/allcbsa_gd.htm.

2.12 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.

2.13 U.S. Census Bureau, “County Business Patterns by Employment Class Size: 2014 Business Patterns,” http://factfinder.census.gov.

2.14 U.S. Census Bureau, “2014 Annual Survey of Entrepreneurs,” http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ASE_2014_00CSA01&prodType=table.

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Public Safety3.1 The Pew Philadelphia Poll, 2016.

3.2 Philadelphia Police Department, ”Crime Mapper,” https://www.phillypolice.com/crime-maps-stats/.

3.3 Police departments in all 10 cities; population numbers used to make calculations drawn from Census Bureau estimates of city population.

3.4 Philadelphia Police Department.

3.5 Philadelphia Police Department.

3.6 Philadelphia Police Department (figures for 2015 and 2016 available at https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B-oNK20OF0P_bEwxdURCbnlzbzg).

3.7 Philadelphia Police Department.

3.8 The Pew Philadelphia Poll, 2016.

3.9 Philadelphia Prison System.

3.10 Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, “Pennsylvania Crash Facts and Statistics” annual reports, 2006-15, http://www.penndot.gov/TravelInPA/Safety/Pages/Crash-Facts-and-Statistics.aspx; Bicycle Coalition of Greater Philadelphia, 2016, http://bicyclecoalition.org/trackingfatalities.

3.11 Philadelphia Fire Department.

3.12 Philadelphia Fire Department.

Education4.1 Enrollment data for district-run and charter schools are from the School District of Philadelphia, and Catholic school enrollment data

are from the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. Numbers for district-run schools do not include pre-K students or institutional placement students who attend nondistrict schools.

4.2 School District of Philadelphia.

4.3 NAEP test results available at https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/reading_math_2015/#?grade=4.

4.4 School District of Philadelphia.

4.5 School District of Philadelphia.

4.6 School District of Philadelphia.

4.7 The Pew Philadelphia Poll, 2016.

4.8 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.

4.9 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.

4.10 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, five-year estimates, 2011-15, http://factfinder.census.gov.

Housing5.1 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.

5.2 Data from Kevin Gillen, Senior Research Fellow at the Lindy Institute for Urban Innovation, Drexel University.

5.3 Data from Kevin Gillen, Senior Research Fellow at the Lindy Institute for Urban Innovation, Drexel University.

5.4 U.S. Census Bureau, “Building Permits Survey,” www.census.gov/construction/bps. The bureau uses data supplied by the Philadelphia Department of Licenses and Inspections.

5.5 Philadelphia Housing Authority’s Policy, Research, and Enterprise Planning Office.

5.6 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015, available at http://factfinder.census.gov.

5.7 HSH.com, “The Salary You Must Earn to Buy a Home in 27 Metros,” http://www.hsh.com/finance/mortgage/salary-home-buying-25-cities.html. Data are for the third quarter of 2016 and are updated periodically.

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Government and Transportation6.1 City of Philadelphia, Office of the Director of Finance, Quarterly City Manager’s Reports for Dec. 31 of each year, www.phila.gov/

finance/reports-Quarterly.html.

6.2 City of Philadelphia, Municipal Retirement System, Actuarial Valuation Report as of July 1, 2015 (2016), http://www.phila.gov/pensions/PDF/PHILARBP_2015%20AVR_032516s.pdf.

6.3 City of Philadelphia, Department of Finance, The Mayor’s Operating Budget in Brief for Fiscal Year 2017, as Approved by the Council (June 2016), http://www.phila.gov/finance/pdfs/FY17FinalBudgetinBriefAdopted.pdf. Placement of departments and agencies within categories was determined by Pew.

6.4 City of Philadelphia, Department of Finance, “Recommended Six-Year Capital Program for Fiscal Years 2017-2022, July 1st through June 30th” (2016), p. 23, http://www.phila.gov/finance/pdfs/PhiladelphiaCapitalBudgetBookFY1722.pdf.

6.5 Data for 1968-2012 from city of Philadelphia, office of Al Schmidt, city commissioner, “Voter Registration and Voter Turnout in Philadelphia, 1936 to 2013,” https://www.scribd.com/document/245636747/Voter-Registration-and-Voter-Turnout-in-Philadelphia-1936-to-2013-Final. Data for 2016 from http://www.phillyelectionresults.com/Citywide_Election_Results.html.

6.6 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimates, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.

6.7 City transit and regional rail data from SEPTA; high-speed line data from Delaware River Port Authority .

6.8 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimates, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.

6.9 Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.

6.10 Philadelphia International Airport, Aviation Activity Reports, http://www.phl.org/Pages/Business/ReportsPlans/activityReports.aspx.

6.11 Amtrak (2010 data, https://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/527/443/Amtrak%20Northeast%20Corridor%2010.pdf; 2015 data, https://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/998/601/Amtrak-National-Fact-Sheet-FY2015,0.pdf).

6.12 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.

Arts and Culture7.1 PKF Consulting Hospitality Snapshot. Data are self-reported by the individual attraction.

7.2 National Center for Charitable Statistics, IRS Business Master Files (Exempt Organizations) 2016, provided by DataArts, an organization that provides the nonprofit arts and cultural sector with data and resources in order to strengthen its vitality, performance, and public impact. Cultural organizations are defined as having the following National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities codes: A, A01, A02, A03, A05, A11, A12, A19, A20, A23, A24, A25, A26, A27, A30, A31, A32, A33, A34, A40, A50, A51, A52, A53, A54, A56, A57, A60, A61, A62, A63, A65, A68, A69, A6A, A6B, A6C, A6E, A70, A7XZ, A80, A82, A84, A90, A99, A99Z, B70, C36, C41, C42, and D50.

7.3 Data Arts. For more information on DataArts, see http://culturaldata.org/.

7.4 DataArts.

7.5 DataArts.

Health and Welfare8.1 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimates, http://factfinder.census.gov.

8.2 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimates, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.

8.3 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, five-year estimate, 2011-15, http://factfinder.census.gov.

8.4 City of Philadelphia, “Point-in-Time Count: PA-500 Philadelphia CoC,” Jan. 27, 2016, http://www.phila.gov/osh/PDF/Philadelphia%20CoC%20-%20%202016%20Homeless%20Point%20in%20Time%20Count%20-%20All%20Households.pdf.

8.5 Center on Society and Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, available at http://societyhealth.vcu.edu/media/society-health/pdf/LE-Map-Philly-Methods.pdf.

8.6 Pennsylvania Department of Health, Bureau of Health Statistics and Research, “Resident Infant Deaths by Age, Sex, Race and County,” http://www.statistics.health.pa.gov/HealthStatistics/VitalStatistics/DeathStatistics/Documents/Death_InfantAgeSexRace_Cnty_2010_2014.pdf.

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8.7 Pennsylvania Department of Health, Bureau of Health Statistics and Research, “Birth Statistics,” http://www.statistics.health.pa.gov/HealthStatistics/VitalStatistics/BirthStatistics/Pages/default.aspx#.WCZBT_Mo670.

8.8 Philadelphia Department of Public Health.

8.9 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.

8.10 Data from survey conducted for the Community Health Data Base of Public Health Management Corp. and made available to Pew.

8.11 Data from survey conducted for the Community Health Data Base of Public Health Management Corp. and made available to Pew.

8.12 Data from survey conducted for the 2015 Community Health Data Base of Public Health Management Corp. and made available to Pew.

Photo Captions and CreditsExcept where indicated, photographs were taken by Lexey Swall of the GRAIN photography collective.

Page 1 The new Comcast Tower (second building from left) is scheduled to be finished in 2017 as the Philadelphia skyline continues to change and grow.

Page 2 A redesigned subway entrance at Dilworth Park, on the west side of City Hall.

Page 3 A basketball game at the Capitolo Playground in the Passyunk Square neighborhood.

Page 6 A view of the city skyline behind Capitolo Playground in the Passyunk Square neighborhood.

Page 10 Produce at the Ninth Street Market in South Philadelphia.

Page 13 An employee at Honeygrow on 16th Street, near Rittenhouse Square.

Page 15 Shoppers at the Hung Vuong Supermarket on Washington Avenue in South Philadelphia.

Page 16 Capuccio’s Meats in the Ninth Street Market.

Page 19 A bartender at Elbow Lane, the bar beneath Harp & Crown restaurant on Sansom Street.

Page 23 A web developer works at Indy Hall, a co-working space in Old City.

Page 24 Construction of the dual-branded W and Element Hotels at the corner of 15th and Chestnut Streets.

Page 25 Inside Metro Mens Clothing store on East Passyunk Avenue. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts

Page 27 A truck from the Philadelphia Fire Department’s Engine 43 station returns from a call, at 21st and Market Streets.

Page 33 Philadelphia police on Chestnut Street.

Page 34 Philadelphia Fire Department Engine 43 firehouse, at 21st and Market Streets.

Page 35 A woman crosses the street in Northern Liberties. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts

Page 37 Students between classes at the Academy at Palumbo High School.

Page 39 Students practice guitar at Academy at Palumbo High School.

Page 42 Students at Community College of Philadelphia. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts

Page 43 Students outside of South Philadelphia High School. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts

Page 47 Two neighbors talk on the front stoops of their houses in South Philadelphia.

Page 48 Homeowners Louise and Reggie Bundy, in their North Philadelphia neighborhood near Temple University. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts

Page 49 A view of new construction in Northern Liberties. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts

Page 53 New housing in North Philadelphia near Temple University. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts

Page 54 New construction in Northern Liberties. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts

Page 55 Homes in the Wynnefield neighborhood of West Philadelphia. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts

Page 57 A SEPTA trolley moves westbound underground from 22nd Street to 15th Street.

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Page 61 A SEPTA bus is seen through the window of Indy Hall, a co-working space in Old City.

Page 63 A man crosses the street by City Hall.

Page 65 A cyclist on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts

Page 67 “Suspension of Conflicts,” by French choreographer Boris Charmatz, co-presented by Drexel University’s Westphal College of Media Arts & Design and FringeArts. Credit: Jacques-Jean Tiziou

Page 68 Nichole Canuso Dance Company. Credit: Peggy Woolsey

Page 69 A family explores “The Architecture of Francis Kéré: Building for Community,” part of “Creative Africa” at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Credit: Tim Tiebout

Page 73 A mother brings her daughter for a checkup at the Esperanza Health Center in North Philadelphia.

Page 76 Lunch is served at Broad Street Ministry.

Page 81 A view of City Hall at night from the Avenue of the Arts.

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