philadelphia 2017 - the pew charitable trusts
TRANSCRIPT
Contents
About This Report
1 The Big Picture
13 Jobs and the Economy
27 Public Safety
37 Education
47 Housing
57 Government and Transportation
67 Arts and Culture
73 Health and Welfare
83 Sources and Notes
86 Photo Captions and Credits
Cover photos: Lexey Swall/GRAIN
Contact: Elizabeth Lowe, communications officer Email: [email protected] Phone: 215.575.4812 Project website: pewtrusts.org/philaresearch
The Pew Charitable Trusts is driven by the power of knowledge to solve today’s most challenging problems. Pew applies a rigorous, analytical approach to improve public policy, inform the public, and invigorate civic life.
About This ReportThis is the ninth year that The Pew Charitable Trusts has produced a State of the City report about Philadelphia. The new edition is a mix of old and new indicators and includes results of Pew’s Philadelphia Poll conducted in August 2016. As in years past, the report puts the statistics about the city in context by comparing them with those of other cities, most often nine urban communities chosen for their similarities to Philadelphia in size, makeup, or location. Those nine are Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Houston, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, and Washington.
Staff members Michelle Schmitt, Octavia Howell, Susan Warner, and Katie Martin helped gather much of the data in these pages. Larry Eichel, who directs Pew’s Philadelphia research initiative, wrote the chapter texts and edited the report, along with Elizabeth Lowe, Dan LeDuc, and Carol Hutchinson. Kodi Seaton created the graphics and designed the document. Except where indicated, the photographs were taken by Lexey Swall of the GRAIN photography collective; all were curated by Bronwen Latimer.
About The Pew Charitable TrustsThe Pew Charitable Trusts is a nonprofit organization that applies a rigorous, analytical approach to improve public policy, inform the public, and invigorate civic life. Pew’s Philadelphia research initiative provides timely, impartial research and analysis on key issues facing Philadelphia for the benefit of the city’s residents and leaders.
1
The Big Picture
Considering all that has happened in Philadelphia over the past several years, it is difficult to find a single statistical indicator that best captures the state of the city in 2017.
Is it 10 straight years of modest population increases, producing a more diverse and vibrant community? Is it Philadelphia’s solid, if not dynamic, rate of job growth? An unemployment rate that remains stubbornly high, even with the additional jobs? Or a poverty rate that has not dropped in any significant way?
Philadelphians appear to be more comfortable with their city’s increased vitality, despite its long-term problems. When polled by Pew in August 2016, residents were more inclined to see the city as heading in the right direction than at any time in the seven years of the poll’s existence.
2
There are plenty of positive developments to support that view, led by the higher population. Although the cumulative growth in the past 10 years has amounted to little more than 5 percent, Philadelphia’s head count is as large as it has been in nearly a quarter-century.
The recent economic data have been particularly strong. The job market has expanded, adding 40,000 positions in the past five years; in 2016, Philadelphia outperformed the nation as a whole in job growth for the first time since the Great Recession. The rise in median household income for city residents outpaced the nation as well, up more than 5 percent in a single year. The residential construction boom, while slowing, has life in it yet, and home sale prices have risen 38 percent since 2010.
In addition, the city has become safer. Major crimes declined again in 2016, dropping to levels not seen in decades. In the past several years, deaths from homicides, fires, and traffic accidents have been at or near historic lows, and infant mortality has fallen as well.
But the city’s deep and chronic problems remain. Even with the relatively strong economy of the past few years, more than a quarter of city residents still live below the poverty line, and Philadelphia has been unable to shake its title as the poorest of the nation’s 10 largest cities.
Despite the recent job growth, the unemployment rate for city residents was 6.8 percent in 2016, nearly 2 percentage points above the national average and higher than in Chicago, Baltimore, Washington, and Pittsburgh, among others. The percentage of adult Philadelphians not working or looking for work remained at 31 percent, a big number relative to other cities. And with housing costs on the rise, 56 percent of residents were paying 30 percent or more of their incomes for places to live.
3
Another disturbing trend has been the increase in the number of deaths by accidental drug overdoses, which is a national problem as well. City officials said the unofficial total of such fatalities in Philadelphia approached 900 in 2016, nearly triple what it had been a decade ago.
Although the percentage of adult Philadelphians with college degrees grew, the citywide figure remains far below those of other major cities along the East Coast. The public schools are not facing an immediate fiscal crisis, but they are still seen as low-quality by the vast majority of city residents. And City Hall’s long-term ability to address these and other challenges is threatened by the unfunded liability in the pension funds for municipal workers, recently calculated at nearly $6 billion.
Over the past decade, Philadelphia’s growth and revival have been fueled by immigrants and young adults. But that could be changing: Now the nation’s immigration policy is in flux; many local millennials are deciding whether to raise their families in the city or head for the suburbs; and the coming generation of young adults is a little smaller than the current one.
Those choices, combined with the demographic realities, will help determine how much Philadelphia’s near-term future resembles its recent past.
4
Figure 1.1
Portrait of the City
Population 1,567,872
Percentage of residents who are:
Male 47%
Female 53%
Younger than 20 25%
Age 20-34 26%
Age 35-54 24%
Age 55 and older 24%
Black or African-American 41%
Non-Hispanic white 35%
Hispanic or Latino 14%
Asian 7%
Other 3%
Percentage of residents who:
Were born in Pennsylvania 67%
Were born in other states 16%
Were born in Puerto Rico or a U.S. territory 3%
Were foreign-born 13%
Speak a foreign language at home 22%
Percentage of adult residents who:
Graduated from college 27%
Did not graduate from high school 17%
Percentage of adults who are:
Married 30%
Never married 52%
Divorced or separated 12%
Widowed 6%
Percentage of women who gave birth in previous 12 months who were unmarried
56%
Median household income $41,233
Percentage of households with annual incomes of:
Less than $35,000 44%
$35,000 to $74,999 29%
$75,000 to $99,999 10%
$100,000 or more 17%
Percentage of population below poverty level 26%
Percentage of households with:
No vehicles available 31%
Two or more vehicles available 26%
A computer at home 82%
Broadband internet service 70%
Percentage of workers employed by:
Private sector 83%
Government agencies 13%
Their own businesses 4%
Total housing units 672,657
Percentage of units listed as:
Vacant 14%
Occupied 86%
Percentage of units built before 1939 41%
Median monthly rent $952
Percentage of units:
Owned by occupant 53%
Rented 47%
Where residents lived the previous year:
Same house 86%
Different house in Philadelphia 9%
Somewhere else in the U.S. 4%
Abroad 1%
Percentage of residents without health insurance 10%
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
5
Figure 1.3
Poll Results: Where Philadelphia Is Headed
In August 2016, the date of the most recent Pew Philadelphia Poll, residents were as upbeat about where they thought the city was headed as at any time in the history of the poll, which started in 2009.
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
2016201520132012201120102009
Perc
enta
ge
In the right direction On the wrong track
46%
50%
41%
40%
39%
37%
48%
37%
34%
34%
39%
42%
45%
33%
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
2016201520132012201120102009
Perc
enta
ge
In the right direction On the wrong track
46%
37%
50%
34%
41%
40%
39%
37%
48%
34%
39%
42%
45%
33%
Figure 1.2
Philadelphia Population, 2000-16
According to the Census Bureau, Philadelphia’s population, after declining for more than half a century, bottomed out in 2006 at 1,488,710 and now has risen for 10 years in a row, adding more than 79,000 residents. Since 2012, the annual increases have declined in size each year. The cumulative growth, while modest relative to a number of other large cities, means that Philadelphia has regained most of the population it had lost since 1990.
1,517,550
1,498,493
1,492,882
1,488,710
1,499,7311,526,006
1,550,379
1,560,609
1,567,872
201620152014201320122011201020092008200720062005200420032002200120001,400,000
1,420,000
1,440,000
1,460,000
1,480,000
1,500,000
1,520,000
1,540,000
1,560,000
1,580,000
1,600,000
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
6
Figure 1.4
Median Age in Philadelphia and the U.S., 2006-15
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
2015201420132012201120102009200820072006
Med
ian
age
PhiladelphiaU.S.
37.7 37.837.637.537.337.236.836.936.736.4
33.9 3433.733.633.533.534.2
35.735.635.4
Philadelphia
U.S.
In 2006, the gap between Philadelphia’s median age and that of the nation as a whole was one year. In 2015, the latest year for which data were available, the gap was nearly four years. This change has been due primarily to the increase in the city’s young adult population. Over the past few years, the city’s median age, like the nation’s, has been creeping upward.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
7
Figure 1.5
People Who Moved Into Philadelphia, Those Who Moved Out, and All ResidentsBy age
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
From 2013 through 2015, the influx of young adults into Philadelphia continued. Nearly two-thirds of all individuals moving to the city during those years were ages 18 to 34, according to census data. Only about half of those who left were in that age group. By comparison, less than a third of all city residents were ages 18 to 34.
Moved in
65 %22 %
3 %10 %
30 %
36 %
13 %
21 %
All residents
49 %
28 %
5 % 17 %
Moved out
0 to 17 18 to 34 35 to 64 65 and over
Figure 1.6
Births and Deaths in Philadelphia, 2006-15
7,762 8,562 9,238 9,165 9,275 8,500 9,138 8,327 8,456 7,987
201520142013201220112010200920082007200610,000
15,000
20,000
25,000Births
Deaths15,163
22,018 22,379 21,99223,570 23,689
15,008 14,451 14,266 13,81614,497 14,023 13,691 13,923 14,005
23,431 23,091 22,997 23,16122,925
Population change in any locality is the result of several factors. One is the number of people coming and going; another is the gap between births and deaths. In the last several years, the margin by which births outnumbered deaths in Philadelphia has fallen slightly, dropping from a recent peak of 9,275 in 2010 to 7,987 in 2015, the last year for which data were available. The number of births in the city in 2015 was the lowest in a decade.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Moved in
65 %22 %
3 %10 %
30 %
36 %
13 %
21 %
All residents
49 %
28 %
5 % 17 %
Moved outMoved in
65 %22 %
3 %10 %
30 %
36 %
13 %
21 %
All residents
49 %
28 %
5 % 17 %
Moved out
8
Figure 1.7
Racial and Ethnic Change in Philadelphia, 1990-2015
Since 1990, the ethnic and racial makeup of Philadelphia has changed dramatically. The non-Hispanic white share of the city’s head count has dropped by nearly a third, while the Hispanic and Asian shares have more than doubled. Only the size of the African-American population has remained relatively stable.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Non-Hispanic White52.1%
African-American39.3%
Hispanic5.6%
Asian2.7%Other0.3%
1990
Hispanic8.5%
Other1.5%
Asian4.9% Non-Hispanic White
42.5%
African-American42.6%
2000
17%
2010
Non-Hispanic White36.9%
African-American42.2%
Hispanic12.3%
Asian6.3%
Other2.3%
2015
Non-Hispanic White35.3%
African-American41%
Hispanic14%
Asian7.2%
Other2.5%
1990 2000
2010 2015
9
Figure 1.8
The Racial and Ethnic Makeup of Philadelphia
Even as its population has become increasingly diversified racially and ethnically, Philadelphia remains a largely segregated city. In 84 percent of the city’s 372 residential census tracts, one group—African-Americans, Asians, Hispanics, or non-Hispanic whites—constitutes an absolute majority of the population. There are 58 tracts in which no one group has a majority, and the largest number of those tracts are in the Lower Northeast, with others scattered across the city.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
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1910319102
19127
1913319133
1911219112
1914719147
19106191061910719107
1914219142
1912019120
Largest racial or ethnic group
Asian
Black
Latino
White
No race or ethnicity over 50 percent
Nonresidential
10
Figure 1.9
Percentage of Philadelphia Residents Born Outside the U.S., 1970-2015
In the 1970s and 1980s, during the period of Philadelphia’s steepest population decline, the share of its population that was foreign-born fell below 7 percent, the lowest level in the city’s history. The inflow of immigrants since then has helped fuel the city’s recent population growth. At 13.1 percent, the current foreign-born share is the highest since the 1950s.
0%
3%
6%
9%
12%
15%
2015201020052000199019801970
6.5% 6.9%6.4%
9%
11.6%11%
13.1%
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
11
Figure 1.10
Percentage of Philadelphia Residents Born Outside the U.S., 2015Compared with other cities
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
After years of lagging behind many other cities and the nation as a whole, Philadelphia is now about average in terms of attracting and retaining foreign-born individuals.
30.3%
28.4%
21.1%
14.1%
13.4%
13.1%
9.3%
8%
5.9%
4.9%
19.2%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Cleveland
Detroit
Baltimore
Pittsburgh
Philadelphia
U.S.
Washington
Phoenix
Chicago
Boston
Houston
Figure 1.11
Top 10 Countries of Origin for Philadelphia’s Immigrants
Country Residents
China 24,407
India 15,524
Dominican Republic 14,861
Vietnam 13,823
Mexico 8,385
Ukraine 8,063
Haiti 6,820
Jamaica 6,565
Philippines 5,792
Pakistan 4,564
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Philadelphia’s immigrant population is highly diverse in terms of nationality. Chinese-born immigrants, the largest group, represent only 12 percent of the city’s 205,339 foreign-born residents. In all, 43 percent of Philadelphia immigrants are Asian by birth, while 30 percent come from the Americas, 17 percent from Europe, and 10 percent from Africa.
Although Philadelphia is hardly a boomtown by national standards, its economy enjoyed a relatively good year in 2016.
The median household income reached $41,233—which remained below that of many other cities in the Northeast and Midwest—but the growth rate was stronger than in most. Philadelphia added 15,000 jobs, an increase of 2.2 percent, exceeding the national average. Even so, the unemployment rate for city residents ticked down from 6.9 only to 6.8 percent, remaining far higher than the annualized national figure of 4.9 percent.
As in years past, the education and medical sectors were the mainstays of the economy, accounting for nearly one-third of all jobs. Twelve of the city’s 15 largest private employers were in these categories. The leisure and hospitality sector, as well as professional and business services, have also been expanding in recent years.
Jobs and the Economy
13
14
Figure 2.1
Unemployment Rate, 2006-16
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
City of Philadelphia 6.2% 6.1% 7.1% 9.7% 10.8% 10.8% 10.7% 10.0% 7.8%
U.S. 4.6% 4.6% 5.8% 9.3% 9.6% 8.9% 8.1% 7.4% 6.2%
Phila. metro area 4.5% 4.3% 5.3% 8.3% 8.9% 8.6% 8.5% 7.8% 6.2%
2015
6.9%
5.3%
5.3%
2016
6.8%
4.9%
5%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
The unemployment rate in Philadelphia, which was slow to recover after the Great Recession, showed little change on an annualized basis in 2016, although the monthly rates were falling at the end of the year. And the long-standing gap between the city unemployment rate on the one hand and the national and metropolitan rates on the other expanded slightly as those rates declined more sharply than the city’s.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Figure 2.2
Unemployment in Comparable Cities, 2016
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%
Boston
Houston
Phoenix
Pittsburgh
Washington
Baltimore
Chicago
Cleveland
Philadelphia
Detroit 10.9%
6.8%
6.7%
6.5%
6.4%
6.1%
5.4%
4.8%
4.7%
3.5%
Philadelphia had the second-highest unemployment rate among the cities listed here, behind only Detroit, although Philadelphia’s rate was not appreciably higher than those in several other cities. In 2016, unemployment fell by at least half a percentage point in five of the cities—Baltimore, Boston, Detroit, Phoenix, and Washington—and changed relatively little in the other five, including Philadelphia.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
15
In 2016, for the first time since the Great Recession of 2008-10, the job market in the city outperformed the country as a whole, expanding by 2.2 percent compared with national growth of 1.7 percent. For the year, Philadelphia had an average of 699,600 jobs, more than at any time since 1991.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Figure 2.3
Job Growth and Decline, 2006-16
PhiladelphiaU.S.
-5%
-4%
-3%
-2%
-1%
0%
1%
2%
3%
20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006
Percent change
0.3%
1.8%
0.0%
1.1%
0.1%
-0.6%
-1.6%
0.7%
0.4%
1.2%
1.7%
0.5%
1.7% 1.9%
-4.3%
-0.7%
0.3%
1.3%
2.1%
1.5% 1.7%2.2%
16
Figure 2.4
Philadelphia’s Job Growth and Decline by Sector, 2006 and 2016
0 100,000 150,000 250,00050,000 200,000
Mining andconstruction
Manufacturing
Trade,transportation,
and utilities
Information
Financialactivities
Professional and business services
Education andhealth services
Leisure andhospitality
Otherservices
Government
3%(400)
%32(9,500)
%9(1,100)
%9(5,000)
13%11,200
%1936,200
%2212,800
1%(400)
%10(11,300)
5%4,500
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Over the past 10 years, the city has added 37,100 jobs, with much of the growth coming during the last three years. The vast majority of the new jobs have come in the education and health services sector, the city’s largest, which accounts for 32 percent of all jobs. The other expanding job categories have been leisure and hospitality; professional and business services; and trade, transportation, and utilities. The biggest declines have come in government employment and manufacturing.
2016 (Total nonfarm: 699,600)2006 (Total nonfarm: 662,500)
Change: 37,100 Percent change: 5.6%
17
Figure 2.5
Largest Private Employers in Philadelphia
1 Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania 1
2 Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 13
3 Thomas Jefferson University Hospital 7
4 Temple University 2
5 American Airlines -
6 Drexel University -
7 Temple University Hospital 14
8 Albert Einstein Medical Center 8
9 Independence Blue Cross 10
10 Thomas Jefferson University -
11 Comcast 15
12 Allied Universal -
13 Pennsylvania Hospital -
14 Hahnemann University Hospital -
15 Aria Health -
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Of the 15 largest private employers in Philadelphia, 12 were in the fields of education and health care; the exceptions were American Airlines, Comcast and Allied Universal, formerly known as Allied Barton Security Services. Only eight of those 15 were also in the top 15 in 1999. The companies that dropped off the list in the interim were Tenet Healthcare, PECO Energy, Aramark, First Union National Bank, US Airways, Cigna, and Bell Atlantic.
2016 rank 1999 rank
18
Figure 2.6
Workers Commuting to and From Philadelphia
Bucks CountyBucks County
MontgomeryCountyMontgomery County
Chester CountyChester County
New CastleCountyNew CastleCounty
BurlingtonCountyBurlingtonCounty
18,7507,486
GloucesterCountyGloucesterCounty
15,1693,000
29,96010,796
CamdenCountyCamdenCounty
DelawareCountyDelawareCounty
59,75631,661
6,8323,061
17,63612,082
69,74173,391
37,52933,462
To PhiladelphiaFrom Philadelphia
This map shows the extent of commuting between the suburban counties and Philadelphia. More than 40 percent of all commuters into and out of the city are “reverse commuters,” city residents who travel to jobs in the suburbs. The traffic between Philadelphia and both Montgomery and Bucks counties is almost equal in both directions; among the suburban counties, Montgomery supplies far and away the largest number of jobs for city residents. About 61 percent of all working Philadelphians are employed in the city, and about 52 percent of all jobs in the city are held by Philadelphians.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Figure 2.7
Percentage of Population Not in the Labor Force, 2015
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 50%40% 45%
Boston
Washington
Houston
Pittsburgh
U.S.
Chicago
Phoenix
Philadelphia
Baltimore
Detroit
Cleveland
%20
%20.4
%22.7
%26.9%27.7
%31.3
%43.2
%32.334.7%
%24.4%24
Among the comparison cities, Philadelphia had the fourth-highest percentage of residents ages 16 to 64 who were not in the labor force: people who reported not working at all in the previous 12 months. Many high-poverty cities have a high percentage of working-age adults not in the labor force.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
19
Figure 2.8
Median Household Income, 2015
$55,775
$41,233
$41,293
$50,702
$25,980
$75,628
$48,452$48,064
$44,165
$58,263
$28,831 Detroit
Cleveland
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Baltimore
Houston
Phoenix
Chicago
U.S.
Boston
Washington
$10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 $80,0000
In median household income, Philadelphia was eighth among the comparison cities, just behind Pittsburgh and well ahead of Cleveland and Detroit. Over the last two years, Philadelphia’s median income has grown faster in percentage terms than those of all of the comparison cities, with the exception of Washington.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
20
Philadelphia’s highest-earning neighborhoods—shown in the map by census tract and in the accompanying list by ZIP code—are in Center City and Northwest Philadelphia; its lowest-earning areas are mostly in North and West Philadelphia. These median-household-income numbers represent income data gathered by the Census Bureau from 2011 to 2015, reported in 2015 dollars.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
< $30,000$30,000 - $39,999$40,000 - $49,999$50,000 - $59,999$60,000 +Insu�cient data/nonresidential
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Figure 2.9
Median Household Income in Philadelphia
< $30,000
$30,000 - $39,999
$40,000 - $49,999
$50,000 - $59,999
$60,000 +
Insufficient data/nonresidential
21
ZIP Neighborhood Median household income
19106 Center City—Society Hill $101,648
19102 Center City West $86,855
19118 Chestnut Hill $77,763
19130 Fairmount South $71,173
19127 Manayunk $70,556
19147 South Philadelphia—Bella Vista $67,007
19103 Center City West $65,965
19128 Roxborough $61,144
19154 Northeast—Torresdale North $60,031
19119 Mount Airy $54,579
19123 Northern Liberties/Spring Garden $53,295
19114 Northeast—Torresdale South $51,427
19152 Northeast—Rhawnhurst $48,735
19129 East Falls $48,129
19146 South Philadelphia—Schuylkill $48,015
19107 Center City—Washington Square West/Chinatown $47,572
19116 Northeast—Bustleton North/Somerton $46,452
19115 Northeast—Bustleton South $45,949
19150 Northwest—Wadsworth $45,771
19125 Kensington/Fishtown $45,720
19137 Northeast—Bridesburg $45,223
19136 Northeast—Holmesburg $44,912
19111 Northeast—Fox Chase $44,301
19148 South Philadelphia—East $44,098
19153 Eastwick $42,777
19151 Overbrook $42,610
19149 Northeast—Mayfair/Oxford Circle $39,920
19135 Northeast—Tacony $38,154
19145 South Philadelphia—West $37,024
19126 Oak Lane $36,544
19120 Olney $35,413
19138 Germantown East $33,706
19142 Southwest Philadelphia—Paschall/Elmwood $31,191
19122 North Philadelphia—Yorktown $29,815
19143 Southwest Philadelphia—Kingsessing $29,465
19124 Northeast—Frankford $29,334
19141 Logan $28,622
19144 Germantown $27,909
19131 Wynnefield/West Park $27,722
19134 Port Richmond $26,014
19139 West Philadelphia—West Market $24,606
19132 North Philadelphia—West $23,380
19140 Nicetown $21,272
19104 West Philadelphia—University City $20,483
19121 Fairmount North/Brewerytown $17,969
19133 North Philadelphia—East $17,016
22
Figure 2.10
Where Venture Capital Is Invested, 2015
$2,243,900,000 $2,232,300,000
$1,472,200,000$1,266,600,000
$622,800,000
$1,170,800,000$909,500,000
$1,502,900,000
$782,600,000
$917,600,000
$27,422,200,000$7,341,000,000
$6,052,100,000$5,129,100,000
OtherPhiladelphia metro
ColoradoSouthwest
TexasSan Diego
District of Columbia metroNorthwest
MidwestSoutheast
Los Angeles/Orange countiesNew England
New York metroSilicon Valley (CA)
$0 $10,000,000,000 $20,000,000,000 $30,000,000,000
In 2015, Greater Philadelphia’s share of national venture capital investment amounted to about $623 million. That placed it 13th among the nation’s regions, with the regions defined by the National Venture Capital Association.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Figure 2.11
Patents for Inventions, 2000-15Metropolitan areas
92,57789,981
62,65346,991
32,416
45,465
41,696
74,381
44,406
37,342
143,473
34,89333,753
32,19725,717
0 30,000 60,000 90,000 120,000 150,000
Portland, ORHouston
PhiladelphiaAustin, TX
Dallas-Fort WorthDetroit
Minneapolis-St. PaulSeattle
San DiegoChicago
BostonLos Angeles
San FranciscoNew York
San Jose, CA
While the Philadelphia area ranks seventh in the nation in population, it stood 13th in the number of patents for inventions, so-called “utility” patents, granted from 2000-15. The San Jose, California-area, home to Silicon Valley, had far more than any other region.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
23
Figure 2.12
Percentage of Households With Broadband Internet Service, 2015
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Detroit
Cleveland
Baltimore
Philadelphia
Houston
Chicago
Phoenix
Pittsburgh
Washington
Boston
76.8%
74.5%
71.4%
70.8%
70.1%
66.7%
62.1%
74.5%
50%
81.6%
In Philadelphia, 7 out of 10 households have broadband internet subscriptions. This indicator is a new one from the census, and the results, when compared with previous data from other sources, indicate that more and more households have been acquiring high-speed internet access.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
24
Figure 2.13
Size of Businesses in Philadelphia, 2014By number of employees
53.6%1-4
1.1%250 and up
17.7%5-9
13.1%10-19
9.3%20-49
3.3%50-99
1.9%100-249
The vast majority of businesses in Philadelphia, over 84 percent of them, have fewer than 20 employees—making it similar in that regard to other East Coast cities. Compared with some of those cities, however, Philadelphia is home to fewer firms per capita. It has about 17 for every 1,000 residents, while Baltimore has 20, Boston (Suffolk County) 26, and Washington 33.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
25
Figure 2.14
Ownership of Businesses in the Philadelphia Region, 2014By race/ethnicity
78.8%White
7.8%Public
10%Asian
2.4%Black
1%Other/Mixed
Of all businesses in the Philadelphia area for which the census could determine ownership, nearly 4 out of 5 were white-owned in 2014, and fewer than 1 in 40 were owned by African-Americans. The publicly held companies, while less than 8 percent of the nearly 110,000 businesses included in the count, accounted for about two-thirds of total payroll—and the white-owned firms for most of the rest. All other businesses, including those owned by blacks and Asians, represented about 2 percent of payroll. The census did not list Hispanics as a separate category.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Although the incidence of crime in Philadelphia declined to levels not seen since the 1970s, concern about the subject increased in 2016.
In a Pew poll conducted in August, 44 percent of residents listed public safety as the number one problem facing the city, nearly twice as high a percentage as had mentioned it in a similar survey 18 months earlier. The hard statistics, though, showed that the city was getting safer. Homicides dropped slightly, and violent crime as a whole was down as well. So, too, was the number of major crimes, a category that includes burglaries, thefts, and other property offenses.
Public safety has other elements, and the performance on those fronts was mixed. Fire deaths rose to 21, up from 12 the year before, although still low by historical standards. The 76 deaths related to traffic accidents were the fewest in decades.
Public Safety
27
28
Figure 3.1
Poll Results: The Biggest Problem Facing Philadelphia
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
44% Public safety
20% Education
14% Jobs/economy
10% Poverty
6% Government/corruption
6% Taxes
4% Neighborhood revitalization
By an overwhelming margin, respondents to the most recent Pew Philadelphia Poll, taken in August 2016, said public safety was the biggest problem facing the city. This was quite a change from the previous poll, taken 18 months earlier, when residents listed education as their biggest concern; public safety was second at the time, mentioned by only 23 percent of those polled. The shift in attitude coincided with a rise in the homicide rate in Philadelphia, although the rise was not as steep as in some other cities.
For much of 2016, Philadelphia’s homicide total ran ahead of the 2015 number, year-to-date. In the end, though, the final number was down 1 percent at 278, higher than in 2013 and 2014 but well below the annual figures recorded in nearly all of the last 50 years.
200
300
400
500
20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006
406391
331324
246 248
280 278
302 306
Num
ber o
f hom
icid
es
331
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Figure 3.2
Homicides in Philadelphia, 2006-16
29
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Although Philadelphia’s homicide total fell slightly in 2016, the number of shooting victims did not. It rose for the second consecutive year and reached the highest level since 2011.
1,000
1,500
2,000
20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006
1,857
1,597
1,3991,361
1,4711,407
1,279
1,047
1,238 1,280
1,128Num
ber o
f sho
otin
gs
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Boston
Phoenix
Houston
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Washington
Chicago
Cleveland
Detroit
Baltimore 51.1
44.6
35
28
20.1
18.4
17.7
13.2
9.4
6.9
Figure 3.3
Homicide Rate, 2016Homicides per 100,000 residents
Among the cities listed here, Philadelphia had the seventh highest homicide rate in 2016, and, as a result of the huge increase in murders in Chicago, Philadelphia was no longer the most deadly of the 10 largest cities on a per capita basis. Besides Chicago, three of the other cities—Cleveland, Detroit, and Phoenix—recorded increases in their homicide rates compared with 2015. Philadelphia, Boston, and Houston had little change. Rates fell in Pittsburgh, Washington, and Baltimore.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Figure 3.4
Shooting Victims in Philadelphia, 2006-16
30
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
For the most part, the numbers of major crimes and violent crimes reported in Philadelphia have been declining for the past decade. And 2016 was no exception. Major crimes were down about 2 percent, while violent crimes fell by nearly 5 percent, with both categories at the lowest levels since the 1970s. Violent crimes are defined as homicide, rape, aggravated assault, and robbery. Major crimes include those offenses plus burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson.
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006
Total major crimes
Violent crimes
85,49882,217 82,884
70,526 68,81565,544 64,544
74,485 75,712 74,47977,465
22,883 20,957 20,681 18,982 18,328 18,282 17,641 17,004 15,771 16,062 15,236
Figure 3.6
Major Crime in Philadelphia, 2006-16
Figure 3.5
Philadelphia Homicide Victims, 2015
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
90% Male
84% Killed by gunshot
77% Had prior arrests
77% African-American
76% Died outdoors
62% Ages 18-34
31
551414
3535
3939 2525
22
1515
77
88
2424
26262222
6699
1717
33
111212
7777
1818
1616
1919
Figure 3.7
Violent Crime in Philadelphia, 2016By police district
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
In 2016, violent crime in Philadelphia decreased the most in some of the highest-crime areas and increased in places where violent crime had been less common, including the western section of Center City. In percentage terms, the biggest one-year drops came in the 14th police district, which includes Germantown, and in the 26th, which covers parts of eastern North Philadelphia. And there were significant declines in the five districts with the highest incidence of violent crime.
Rank District Neighborhood Total
1 15 Frankford 1,443
2 22 North Philadelphia/West 1,347
3 25 Juniata Park/Feltonville 1,261
4 24 Kensington 1,098
5 35 Olney 1,018
6 19 West Philadelphia 1,006
7 12 Southwest Philadelphia 990
8 39 Allegheny West 973
9 18 West Philadelphia 919
10 14 Germantown 779
11 2 Oxford Circle 724
12 3 South Philadelphia/East 589
13 16 West Philadelphia 561
14 26 North Philadelphia/East 509
15 17 Point Breeze 450
16 9 Center City/West 417
17 6 Center City/East 390
18 1 South Philadelphia/West 327
19 8 Northeast Philadelphia 305
20 7 Bustleton 176
21 5 Roxborough 99
22 77 Philadelphia International Airport 4
<500500-999>1,000
Total crimes
32
Overall, Philadelphians expressed a strong level of confidence in their police to treat blacks and whites equally. But the gap among the main racial and ethnic groups was substantial on this topic, with blacks and Hispanics roughly 30 percentage points less confident in the police than whites. The gap was bigger than in the previous Philadelphia Poll.
HispanicsWhites BlacksAll Philadelphians0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
60%
37%47% 50%
76%
21%
45%52%
ConfidentNot confident
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Figure 3.8
Poll Results: Confidence in Philadelphia Police to Treat Blacks and Whites Equally
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
The average daily population of the Philadelphia city jails has fallen significantly in the last several years, from more than 9,000 as recently as 2013 to 7,400 in 2016. Even so, the city’s jail population, on a per capita basis, is one of the highest among the nation’s most populous counties. In 2015, the city received a $3.5 million grant from the MacArthur Foundation to reduce the inmate count by one-third over three years, doing so in ways that do not compromise public safety.
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006
8,602 8,892 8,6569,322
8,271 8,0348,801 9,024
8,449 8,0217,400
Figure 3.9
City Prison Population, 2006-16Average daily inmate count
33
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
The general trend for traffic fatalities in Philadelphia has been down in recent years, and the 2016 total was the lowest in decades. Of the 76 people who died, 36 were pedestrians, 28 were driving or riding in cars and trucks, and 12 were on bicycles or motorcycles. In November 2016, Philadelphia hired its first “complete streets” director, giving her the mission of making streets safer and more efficient for all users.
0
30
60
90
120
150
20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006
104
125
92 95 93 87
107
8997 94
76
Figure 3.10
Traffic Fatalities in Philadelphia, 2006-16
34
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Even with an increase from 2015, the number of fire deaths in Philadelphia last year was one of the lowest on record. In at least three years during the 1980s, the city recorded 100 or more fire fatalities.
10
20
30
40
50
60
20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006
5247
39
33 32
25 24
12
21
30 32
Figure 3.11
Fire Deaths in Philadelphia, 2006-16
35
Figure 3.12
Philadelphia Fire Department Activity, 2006-16
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
In 2016, 83 percent of all runs by the Philadelphia Fire Department were in response to emergency medical situations, and the number of such responses has grown by more than 44,000 in the past six years. Only 2,634 of the fire incidents to which the department responded turned out to be structure fires.
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
20162015201420132012201220102009200820072006
All runs
Fire incidents
267,867 264,129 266,102 268,996 262,398277,635 276,939 279,019
293,595
214,404 213,901 217,000 221,133 216,148231,520 234,156
243,949
53,463 50,228 49,102 47,863 46,250 47,926 45,419 44,863 49,646
Emergency medical incidents
307,938 313,934
54,508 53,777
229,709
253,430 260,157
It was a relatively stable year on the education front in Philadelphia, something of a break from years past.
The School District got through 2016 without a fiscal crisis, a work stoppage, or a change of leadership; William Hite Jr., who became superintendent in 2012, signed on for another five years. Mayor Kenney began to implement his pre-K initiative and the “community school” concept, the idea of using neighborhood schools to deliver support services to the areas they serve. And the public impression of the district, while still overwhelmingly negative, improved a little, according to the Pew poll.
The share of Philadelphians with bachelor’s degrees or higher edged upward, with the biggest gains recorded among the city’s young adults. Head counts rose in charter schools and fell in district-run and Catholic institutions. Among students in the public schools, little progress was made on test scores or graduation rates.
Education
37
38
Figure 4.1
K-12 Enrollment Trends, 2009-16
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Enrollment in Philadelphia’s district-run schools, which had been essentially stable for three years, fell by more than 2,000 in 2016-17. At the same time, the number of students in taxpayer-funded charter schools continued its long-term rise, which has slowed in recent years, and the Catholic schools’ head count fell by 11 percent. Since 2008-09, district-run schools are down 18 percent, charters are up 105 percent, Catholic schools are down 38 percent, and the total number of students in the three types of schools is down 3 percent. Not included in this data are Philadelphia students who attend cyber charters.
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
157,074 156,211
149,507
142,639
131,362 130,104
2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15
District-run schools
140,000
160,000
180,000
0
Charter schools
Catholic schools
31,52733,995
40,422
46,904
54,868
60,17562,358
32,211 29,884 27,694 25,98422,913 22,808 22,594 22,309 19,857
2015–16 2016–17
131,698 129,489
136,597
63,441 64,750
39
Figure 4.2
PSSA Scores for Philadelphia Public School Students, 2006-16Percentage of students considered proficient or advanced
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
In 2016, only 18 percent of Philadelphia students who took the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA) tests scored proficient or advanced in math, and 31.5 percent did so in reading. The test scores, which have been declining locally since 2012, dropped dramatically in Philadelphia and across the state in 2015, when the exams were overhauled and made much more difficult. The math decline in Philadelphia was less than the statewide average, and the reading drop was slightly more. The PSSAs are given to students in grades three through eight.
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0 2015 2016
Math Reading38
.1%
41.9
%
40.6
%
44.9
%
44.8
%
49.0
%
47.7
%
52.2
%
50.0
%56.3
%
52.3
%59.0
%
45.0
%
50.0
%
42.3
%
46.9
%
42.0
%
45.2
%
31.7
%
16.7
%
31.5
%
18%
40
Figure 4.3
National Assessment of Educational Progress Scores, 2015
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
On both math and reading, Philadelphia ranked 17th among the 21 large urban districts whose fourth- and eighth-grade students took the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) tests in 2015. Philadelphia’s scores were below the big-city average and were essentially unchanged from 2013, with the exception of a decline in fourth-grade math. These charts reflect the combined fourth- and eighth-grade scores in each subject. The NAEP is the only standardized test given in urban districts across the country.
Math Reading
1 Charlotte, NC
2 Austin, TX
3 Hillsborough County, FL (Tampa)
4 Boston
5 Miami-Dade County
6 Houston
7 San Diego
8 Duval County, FL (Jacksonville)
9 Jefferson County, KY (Louisville)
10 Chicago
11 Dallas
12 New York
13 Washington
14 Albuquerque, NM
15 Atlanta
16 Los Angeles
17 Philadelphia
18 Fresno, CA
19 Baltimore
20 Cleveland
21 Detroit
1 Charlotte, NC
2 Miami-Dade County
3 Hillsborough County, FL (Tampa)
4 Austin, TX
5 Jefferson County, KY (Louisville)
6 Duval County, FL (Jacksonville)
7 San Diego
8 Boston
9 New York
10 Chicago
11 Washington
12 Atlanta
13 Houston
14 Albuquerque, NM
15 Los Angeles
16 Dallas
17 Philadelphia
18 Fresno, CA
19 Baltimore
20 Cleveland
21 Detroit
41
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
After rising from 2006 through 2012, the four-year graduation rate in Philadelphia’s district-run high schools has held relatively steady in recent years, at just under two-third of all students; the national four-year rate is 82 percent. Over the same period, the district’s rate of graduation within six years after students enter ninth grade has risen to 71 percent.
Figure 4.4
High School Graduation Rates, 2006-16In Philadelphia district-run schools
0 10% 20% 30% 60% 70%
Class of 2006
Class of 2007
Class of 2008
Class of 2009
Class of 2010
Class of 2013
Class of 2011
Class of 2012
Class of 2014
Class of 2015
59%52%
61%53%
63%57%
61%56%
64%60%
67%63%
69%66%
40% 50% 80%
Class of 2016
70%65%
71%65%
65%
66%
In four yearsIn five or six years
Figure 4.5
Number of Charter Schools in Philadelphia, 2006-17
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
The number of charter schools in the city, which rose sharply during the 2000s, has changed little in recent years; the School Reform Commission has allowed few new schools to open, although some are coming next year, and a number of others have closed their doors. As recently as 2002, there were only 39 charter schools in Philadelphia and enrollment was below 20,000 students, which is less than a third of charter enrollment now.
50
60
70
80
90
100
5661 63
67
80
86 86 8683
2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–1340
2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17
School year
84
74
42
Figure 4.6
Student Absenteeism in the School District of Philadelphia, 2015-16Percentage of students missing at least 10 percent of school days
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Although district officials have cited progress on student attendance, absenteeism remains a major problem. In the 2015-16 school year, nearly one-third of students missed at least 10 percent of all school days; in the high schools, the share of students missing that much time approached one-half. About 42 percent of all students in the district missed no more than 5 percent of school days, up from 39 percent in 2014-15.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
All students
Grade 12
Grade 11
Grade 10
Grade 9
Grade 8
Grade 7
Grade 6
Grade 5
Grade 4
Grade 3
Grade 2
Grade 1
Kindergarten 31%
30%
27%
25%
22%
28%
30%
28%
23%
46%
47%
44%
51%
32%
43
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
2016201520132012201120102009
Only fair or poor
Excellent or good
63% 64%68%
71%
78% 77%
73%
30%
24% 24% 23%
18% 19%22%
Philadelphians’ assessment of the city’s school system has improved marginally in the last few years, although it is still overwhelmingly negative and significantly lower than it was in 2009.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Figure 4.7
Poll Results: Grading the Philadelphia Public Schools
44
Figure 4.8
Percentage of College Graduates, 2015Adults 25 and over
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
The educational attainment level in Philadelphia, though rising, remained below the national average and the levels of most of the comparison cities. The Philadelphia region as a whole fares much better; 36 percent of the region’s adults are graduates of four-year colleges, well above average for metropolitan areas.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Detroit
Cleveland
Phoenix
Philadelphia
Baltimore
U.S.
Houston
Chicago
Pittsburgh
Boston
Washington 56.7%
30.6%
27.4%
46.6%
41.3%
36.6%
30.9%
29.9%
26.6%
16.2%
14.2%
Figure 4.9
Percentage of Residents With Bachelor’s Degrees, 2015By age
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
While Philadelphia’s overall level of educational attainment remained low compared with many other cities and the nation as a whole, the numbers have been getting better among younger adults. Of city residents ages 25-34, 41.3 percent had bachelor’s degrees, more than 7 points higher than the national average and higher than the percentages in many other cities. The share of residents ages 35-44 with bachelor’s degrees rose by 5 percentage points from 2013-15.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
65+45-6435-4425-34
PhiladelphiaU.S.
34.1
%
41.3
%
34.2
%
29.9
%
29.8
%
19.8
%
25.8
%
18.7
%
45
The variation in educational attainment by census tract is extreme in Philadelphia. More than 75 percent of adults have bachelor’s or higher degrees in Chestnut Hill, parts of University City, and neighborhoods in and around Center City. On the other hand, the percentage is below 25 percent in vast stretches of the city, including parts of Southwest, West, and North Philadelphia as well as much of the Northeast.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
< 25 percent25–49 percent50–74 percent75+ percentNonresidential
19131
19124
19134
19144
19140
19104
19121
19132
19141
19139
19122
19145 19148
19143
19120
19135
19149
19138
19142
19153
19136
19111
19116
19115
19137
19151
19129
19146
19125
19150
19123
19126
19107
19154
19114
19119
19152
19128
19118
19147
19130
1910619103
19102
19131
19124
19134
19144
19140
19104
19121
191321913319133
19141
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19145 19148
19143
19120
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19149
19138
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19111
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19137
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19129
19146
19125
19150
19123
19126
19107
19154
19114
19119
19152
19128
19118
19147
19130
1910619103
19127
19102
Figure 4.10
Percentage of Philadelphia Residents Age 25 or Older With Bachelor’s or Higher Degree
<25 percent
25-49 percent
50-74 percent
75+ percent
Nonresidential
The housing market in Philadelphia remained strong in 2016, even as the residential building boom showed signs of slowing down.
Home prices were 38 percent higher than in 2010, and more homes sold than in any year since 2007, before the Great Recession. The number of building permits issued for residential construction, which peaked in 2014, dropped substantially but was still higher than it had been in many recent years.
As sales prices and rents rose, community leaders voiced concern about housing affordability. Census data indicated that 56 percent of residents were paying at least 30 percent of their income in rent, higher than in many other comparable cities. On the whole, though, housing in Philadelphia remained less expensive than in New York, Washington, and Boston.
Housing
47
49
Figure 5.1
Homeownership Rate, 2015
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Traditionally, Philadelphia has had a much higher homeownership rate than most other older American cities. The city’s rate, which was nearly 60 percent as recently as 2006, fell steadily before, during, and after the Great Recession. But it appears to have stabilized in the last several years, keeping Philadelphia a majority homeowning city.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Boston
Washington
Cleveland
Houston
Chicago
Baltimore
Detroit
Pittsburgh
Phoenix
Philadelphia
50.3%
47.5%
44.8%
43.8%
41.4%
41.2%
46.6%
34.1%
52.6%
39.9%
50
19131
19124
19134
19144
19140
19104
19121
19132
19141
19139
19122
1914519148
19143
19135
19149
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19111
19116
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19114
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1910319102
19131
19124
19134
19144
19140
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19121
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19141
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1914519148
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19135
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19138
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19128
19118
19130
1910319102
1913319133
1914719147
19106191061910719107
1914219142
1912019120
19127
Figure 5.2
Changes in Home Sale Prices, 2010-16
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Over the past six years, the median price for home sales in Philadelphia rose by 38 percent, with a big surge in the past two years, according to data compiled by local real estate economist Kevin Gillen. Many of the areas with the biggest price increases in percentage terms are those that have recently gentrified or are currently gentrifying, including University City, Fishtown, and parts of North and South Philadelphia. Median prices fell or were unchanged in 20 of the city’s 46 residential ZIP codes. Small numbers of sales in some ZIP codes may skew the figures shown here.
Increased 15% or moreIncreased less than 15%UnchangedDecreased less than 15%Decreased 15% or more
51
ZIP 2010 2016 Change from 2010 to 2016 Percentage change19122 $80,000 $155,000 $75,000 94%
19104 $91,484 $160,000 $68,516 75%
19121 $40,000 $67,700 $27,700 68%
19125 $128,375 $210,000 $81,625 64%
19107 $412,500 $594,950 $182,450 44%
19146 $155,000 $220,000 $65,000 42%
19123 $279,500 $390,000 $110,500 40%
19133 $10,000 $13,920 $3,920 39%
19145 $100,000 $135,000 $35,000 35%
19141 $62,750 $82,000 $19,250 31%
19147 $280,000 $355,000 $75,000 27%
19148 $140,000 $175,000 $35,000 25%
19103 $575,000 $690,000 $115,000 20%
19130 $314,000 $375,000 $61,000 19%
19106 $650,000 $772,500 $122,500 19%
19126 $118,500 $139,000 $20,500 17%
19118 $395,000 $462,000 $67,000 17%
19143 $48,750 $54,350 $5,600 11%
19151 $104,900 $114,250 $9,350 9%
19140 $21,250 $23,000 $1,750 8%
19153 $110,000 $118,825 $8,825 8%
19139 $36,000 $38,000 $2,000 6%
19142 $38,000 $40,000 $2,000 5%
19149 $121,000 $125,000 $4,000 3%
19116 $217,500 $220,000 $2,500 1%
19150 $142,250 $143,250 $1,000 1%
19152 $179,900 $180,000 $100 Unchanged
19127 $210,000 $210,000 $0 Unchanged
19115 $225,900 $225,000 ($900) Unchanged
19144 $80,297 $79,279 ($1,108) -1%
19154 $190,000 $187,500 ($2,500) -1%
19119 $234,950 $230,000 ($4,950) -2%
19136 $132,700 $129,900 ($2,800) -2%
19128 $224,750 $220,000 ($4,750) -2%
19111 $160,000 $155,000 ($5,000) -3%
19129 $218,000 $210,500 ($7,500) -3%
19135 $102,800 $98,500 ($4,300) -4%
19114 $196,500 $185,000 ($11,500) -6%
19137 $130,000 $122,000 ($8,000) -6%
19102 $695,000 $629,000 ($66,000) -9%
19124 $81,000 $73,000 ($8,000) -10%
19134 $45,000 $40,000 ($5,000) -11%
19132 $17,000 $15,000 ($2,000) -12%
19120 $80,000 $70,000 ($10,000) -13%
19138 $75,405 $64,000 ($11,405) -15%
19131 $69,900 $59,000 ($10,900) -16%
City median $103,000 $142,000 $39,000 38%
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
52
Figure 5.4
Residential Building Permits Issued, 2006-16
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
The decline in the number of units for which residential building permits were issued in 2016 suggested that the city’s recent housing construction boom, while still ongoing, was slowing down. The total for the year, though still high by historical standards, was off 20 percent from the peak in 2014.
2,1641,972
947 984
2,175
1,5521,701
2,815
3,6663,973
3,175
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006
Number of units
Figure 5.3
Sales of Residential Units in Philadelphia, 2006-16
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
After hitting a post-recession low in 2011, sales of private residential units in Philadelphia have increased over the past five years. The 2016 total was the highest since 2007, according to data compiled by real estate economist Kevin Gillen.
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006
25
,512
21,
783
16,4
93
14,1
10
13,1
44
11,8
36
12,2
38
13,4
28
14,2
61
15,6
01
17,8
82
53
Figure 5.5
Philadelphia Housing Authority Waiting List, 2010-16
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
The waiting list for public housing in Philadelphia has declined sharply over the past two years. This has occurred largely because officials at the Philadelphia Housing Authority have removed from the list individuals who could not be contacted. In 2016, the authority provided housing for 32,597 households through the units it manages and the Housing Choice Voucher assistance program.
2016201520142013201220112010
48,3
76 57,5
99
63,5
67
68,3
09 77,6
94
48,0
57
42,8
86
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
54
Figure 5.6
Percentage of Residents Paying at Least 30% of Income in Rent
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
This indicator from the census is considered a key measure of housing affordability; the 30 percent standard was created by the federal government decades ago. In some cities, like Philadelphia and Detroit, the percentage of residents paying more than 30 percent of income for rent is primarily a reflection of low incomes. In other places, such as Boston, it is more a reflection of high rents. Philadelphia’s number, while high relative to most of the comparison cities, has dropped several percentage points since 2010.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Washington Phoenix
PittsburghHoustonChicago
ClevelandBaltimore
BostonPhiladelphia
Detroit
54.1%
52.5%
51%
50.4%
53.5%
64.4%
56.4%
49.8%
50%
48.4%
55
Figure 5.7
Salary Needed to Afford a Median-Priced Home in the Philadelphia Area
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
In the Philadelphia area, the salary required to afford payments on a median-priced home—$53,422—is near the national average and fifth among the 10 metropolitan areas that include the comparison cities often cited in this report. This calculation, which comes from the HSH.com mortgage research company, suggests that homes in the Philadelphia region are substantially more affordable than in the Boston and Washington areas and less so than in Pittsburgh and Cleveland.
$0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000
BostonWashington
Chicago
BaltimorePhiladelphia
U.S.Houston
DetroitClevelandPittsburgh
$50,000 $100,000$90,000$80,000$70,000$60,000
Phoenix
$81,940$62,456
$56,837$53,422
$52,699$52,275
$48,716$38,542
$34,434$32,390
$87,557
In his first year in office, Mayor Kenney took initial steps to renovate Philadelphia’s parks, libraries, and recreation centers, and to address the huge unfunded liability in the city’s pension system.
The multiyear, $600 million Rebuild initiative commanded a lot of attention and support. But the efforts to deal with Philadelphia’s $6 billion pension gap were vital as well. The city and the union representing its blue-collar workers agreed on changes likely to improve the pension situation somewhat; contracts with the other bargaining units were set to expire in mid-2017.
The transportation sector had a rocky year. SEPTA’s Regional Rail division lost ridership after having to remove and repair its Silverliner V cars, reducing the system’s capacity for months, and the agency’s City Transit division endured a brief strike in the fall. Amtrak ridership was up, while the passenger count at Philadelphia International Airport was down.
Government and Transportation
57
58
Figure 6.1
City Employees, 2006-16
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
The number of people employed by the city of Philadelphia—which declined during and immediately after the Great Recession—has been rising in the past few years. As of Dec. 31, 2016, the figure was the highest since the same time in 2008. In the first year of Mayor Kenney’s administration, the number of city employees increased by 540, about 2 percent.
25,000
26,000
27,000
28,000
29,000
30,000
20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006
27,15627,652 27,747
27,28726,863
26,560 26,37226,662 26,641
26,81427,354
Figure 6.2
Funding Level, City of Philadelphia Pension Funds, 2005-15
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
52%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
20152014201320122011201020092008200720062005
54% 55%
45% 47% 50%48%
46% 45%47%53%
The funding level of Philadelphia’s public-employee pension funds, which stood at 60 percent as recently as 2004, fell to 45 percent in 2015, the most recent year for which data were available. The unfunded liability, calculated at $5.9 billion, is considered one of the city’s primary, long-term fiscal problems. In fiscal year 2017, city government was budgeted to contribute $636 million to its pension funds.
59
70%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
80%
90%
100%
0%
Neighborhood-based services5%
Subsidies and payments6%
Debt service7%
Central administration14%
Employee benefits29%
Public safety32%
Health and social services7%
Figure 6.3
City Spending by CategoryPhiladelphia general fund budget, fiscal year 2017
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Public safety and employee benefits, which include pensions and health care, accounted for 61 percent of the city’s $4.2 billion budget in 2016-17. Ten years ago, these two spending categories accounted for about 52 percent of the budget.
Departments and organizations in each city spending categorySubsidies and payments
Art Museum Convention Center
Atwater Kent Museum School District
Community College SEPTA
Neighborhood-based services
Free Library Streets Department—Sanitation
Mural Arts Program Streets Department—Transportation
Parks & Recreation Department
Health and social services
Department of Human Services Office of Housing and Community Development
Department of Public Health Office of Supportive Housing
Office of Behavioral Health and Intellectual disAbility Services
Central administration
Board of Ethics Managing Director’s Office
Board of Revision of Taxes Mayor's Office
City Commissioners Office of Arts & Culture
City Controller Office of the Chief Administrative Officer
City Council Office of Community Schools and Pre-K
City Planning Commission Office of Community Empowerment and Opportunity
City Representative Office of Human Resources
City Treasurer Office of Innovation and Technology
Civil Service Commission Office of the Inspector General
Commerce Department Office of Property Assessment
Finance Department Office of Sustainability
Fleet Management Procurement Department
Historical Commission Public Property Department
Human Relations Commission Records Department
Labor Relations Register of Wills
Law Department Revenue Department
Licenses & Inspections Utilities
Employee benefits
Employee Disability Pension Contribution
Group Legal & Life Insurance Social Security Payments
Health/Medical Unemployment Compensation
Public safety
District Attorney Police Department
Fire Department Prisons
First Judicial District Sheriff
Legal Services
60
Figure 6.4
City Capital Spending by Category
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
In addition to its operating budget, the city of Philadelphia was slated to spend more than $1.3 billion on capital projects in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2017. Nearly half of that spending was categorized as deferred maintenance/safety and risk management. The Aviation Department, which runs the city’s two airports, accounted for about 30 percent of the capital budget.
49 %
1 % 2% 8%
40 %
Technological upgradesSustainability/energy efficiencyQuality of life/economic developmentNew or improved facility/modernizationDeferred maintenance/safety and risk management
Figure 6.5
Philadelphia Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Voter turnout in Philadelphia was above 66 percent of registered voters in 2016, a rate that was marginally higher than in 2012 and slightly lower than in 2008. The turnout percentages in this chart would be lower if shown as the share of the voting age population, as opposed to registered voters. More than 77 percent of registered voters in the city are Democrats.
1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000
70%
60%
90%
80%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
2004 2008 2012 2016
84%
76.7%75.4%
71.9% 70.9%
67.1%
72.8%
57.1%
54.7%
64%68.4%
65.8% 66.4%
61
Figure 6.6
Average Travel Time to Work, 2015In minutes
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Among the comparison cities, Philadelphia had a relatively high average travel time to work. The size of a city appears to figure into this statistic; two of the largest cities in this group, Chicago and Philadelphia, had the longest travel times, while the two smallest cities, Cleveland and Pittsburgh, had the shortest.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Pittsburgh
Cleveland
Phoenix
Detroit
Houston
Washington
Boston
Baltimore
Philadelphia
Chicago
33.1
31.8
27.6
25.9
25.9
31.4
24.9
23.8
29.8
35
62
Figure 6.7
Local Mass Transit RidershipOne-way rides per year, 2006-16
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Ridership on SEPTA City Transit Division fell for the fourth straight year, down 5.5 percent from the peak recorded in 2012. All of the SEPTA statistics shown here are for the period ending June 30 of each year. So the 2016 numbers for the division do not reflect ridership lost during the six-day strike in November. Nor do the Regional Rail figures reflect the ridership decline in the summer after SEPTA found defects in its Silverliner V rail cars and had to reduce service. Usage of the PATCO high-speed line was the highest since 1999.
0
50M
250M
300M
20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006
PATCO high-speed line
SEPTA Regional Rail
SEPTA City Transit
282,239,000
272,506,000
269,556,117
247,947,108 271,818,600
266,952,400
9,377,000 10,007,25610,612,90010,109,00010,338,000 10,653,390
35,255,00034,913,00035,450,39530,433,631
36,657,700 37,700,800
Figure 6.8
Percentage of Population Using Public Transit to Travel to Work, 2015
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Among the nation’s 25 largest cities, only five recorded a higher percentage of people use public transit to get to work than Philadelphia. Besides Washington, Boston, and Chicago, the other two were New York and San Francisco.
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
PhoenixHouston
U.S.Detroit
ClevelandPittsburghBaltimore
PhiladelphiaChicago
BostonWashington 35.8%
34.5%28.3%
25.2%
19.6%
17.3%
10.8%
6.8%
5.2%
4%
3.5%
63
Figure 6.9
Annual Vehicle Miles Traveled in Philadelphia, 2006-15
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
In 2014 and 2015, buoyed by a relatively strong economy and low fuel costs, the number of vehicle miles driven in Philadelphia rose after prolonged decline, a decline caused in part by the Great Recession. It has been a goal of the city Office of Sustainability to keep this figure as low as possible.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
Miles (in billions)
5.99
5.98
5.68
5.52
5.34
5.45
5.26
5.50
5.95
5.57
64
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
The number of passengers using Philadelphia International Airport fell by 4 percent in 2016, the first decline since 2012, due partly to an 8 percent drop in international traffic. International travel at the airport had risen steadily throughout the past decade.
Figure 6.10
Airport Passengers, 2006-16Philadelphia International Airport
0
5M
25M
30M
35M
Domestic
Total
International
20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006
3,989,268 4,041,240 4,209,225 4,348,221 4,537,605 4,191,631
27,779,004 27,793,485
26,566,736 25,904,595 26,202,575 25,963,459
31,768,27230,775,961 30,252,816
30,740,180 30,155,09031,834,725
Figure 6.11
Amtrak Ridership, Northeast CorridorChange from 2010 to 2015
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
From 2010 through 2015, Amtrak ridership at 30th Street Station grew by 9 percent, one of the stronger performances among major stations in the Northeast Corridor. The Boston statistics include all three Amtrak stations in that city. Philadelphia has the third largest ridership in the national passenger-train system.
2015
2010
Providence, RI
Newark, NJ
BWI Airport
Wilmington, DE
New Haven, CT
Baltimore
Boston
Philadelphia
Washington
New York
0 2M 4M 6M 8M 10M 12M
20102015
%22
%9
%15
%2
%7
%9
%0
%0
%3
%3
65
Figure 6.12
Number of Philadelphians Who Bicycle to Work
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
The use of bicycles for commuting has tripled since the beginning of the century. Philadelphia has over 400 miles of designated bike lanes, and Mayor Kenney has promised to add some protected lanes in the coming years.
2000
4,908
2015
14,487
Arts and culture contribute to Philadelphia’s quality of life and economic well-being in numerous ways. Residents, particularly newcomers, often cite the variety and sheer volume of cultural activity when listing the city’s great strengths.
In 2016, several attractions in the Historic District—an area central to the city’s identity—had particularly strong years. Attendance at the Liberty Bell Pavilion was up 27 percent, Independence Visitor Center up 16 percent, and Independence Hall up 10 percent, compared with 2014.
Although several studies have suggested that the city might have more cultural organizations than it can sustain long term, there has been no sign that the sector is contracting. In fact, the number of groups appears to be growing.
Arts and Culture
67
68
Figure 7.1
Attendance at Selected Historical and Cultural Attractions, 2016
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
2016 was a strong year for many of Philadelphia’s leading historical and cultural attractions, with four of them attracting more than 1 million visitors. Six of the 14 most-visited attractions were in the Historic District, led by the Independence Visitor Center and the Liberty Bell Pavilion. Also near the top of the list were the Philadelphia Zoo and the Franklin Institute, both of which are popular with families.
Penn MuseumBetsy Ross House
Christ Church and Burial GroundsAcademy of Natural Science
The Barnes FoundationEastern State Penitentiary
Please Touch MuseumNational Constitution Center
Independence HallPhiladelphia Museum of Art
The Franklin InstitutePhiladelphia Zoo
Liberty Bell PavilionIndependence Visitor Center
2,309,247
1,034,744775,024
651,719480,355
256,382
246,780
752,658
1,129,598
388,995
214,021
191,985
2,472,357
183,921
0 500,000 1M 1.5M 2M 2.5M
69
Figure 7.2
Cultural Organizations by Type, 2015
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Of the 729 nonprofit cultural organizations in Philadelphia, the performing arts constitute the largest number, followed by multipurpose and historical groups. In this count, groups are classified by the category they use in reporting to the Internal Revenue Service. Not listed are organizations that offer some cultural programming but do not file with the IRS under one of these categories.
53
169
187
31229
22 15
22
Advocacy or professional associations
Multipurposeorganizations
Media and communications
Visual arts
Museums
Performing arts
Other
Libraries,zoos, arboretums,gardens, andaquariums
Humanities
81Historicalorganizations
45
44
70
Figure 7.3
Sources of Income for Philadelphia Arts and Cultural Organizations, 2015
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
In 2015, the last year for which these numbers were available, contributed income accounted for 53 percent of the sector’s total revenue, and earned income about 47 percent. Of the contributed funding, donations from individuals and trustees accounted for slightly more than $3 out of every $10; “other” includes money from special fundraising events, parent organizations, and in-kind contributions. Of the earned income, admissions, tickets, and tuition made up the largest portion (43 percent) while investments accounted for 15 percent, a strong performance by historical standards. Investment income does not include unrealized increases in the value of investments.
Earned income47% of total income
Contributed income53% of total income
43%Admissions,tickets,tuitions
12%
Sales and concessionsRentals
13%31%Individuals,board members
5%Corporations
22%Foundations
11%Allgovernment
Other31%Special events
and otherearned income
Earnedinvestments*
Advertisingand sponsorships
Memberships,subscriptions
2%
15%
5%5%
Fees5%
Earned income47% of total income
Contributed income53% of total income
43%Admissions,tickets,tuitions
12%
Sales and concessionsRentals
13%31%Individuals,board members
5%Corporations
22%Foundations
11%Allgovernment
Other31%Special events
and otherearned income
Earnedinvestments*
Advertisingand sponsorships
Memberships,subscriptions
2%
15%
5%5%
Fees5%
Figure 7.4
Attendance at Philadelphia’s Arts and Culture Venues, 2015
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
In 2015, the vast majority of total attendance at the city’s arts and culture venues was free of charge.
0 5M 15M 25M10M 20M
Free attendance
62%
13,357,395
Paid attendance
38%
8,208,840
Total attendance21,566,235
71
Figure 7.5
Cultural Organizations by Type
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
As in years past, nonprofit cultural organizations were concentrated in and around Center City. There also were clusters in the University City area of West Philadelphia and in the Germantown section of Northwest Philadelphia.
19127
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19131
19124
19134
19144
19140
19104
19121
19132
19141
19139
19122
1914519148
19143
19135
19149
19138
19153
19136
19111
19116
19115
19137
19151
19129
19146
19125
19150
19123
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19114
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19128
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19130
1910319102
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19140
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1914519148
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19149
19138
19153
19136
19111
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19137
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19129
19146
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19123
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1910319102
1913319133
1911219112
1914719147
19106191061910719107
1914219142
1912019120
Museums, visual arts, and multipurposeHistorical and humanitiesPerforming artsLibraries, zoos, arboretums, gardens, and aquariums Advocacy, media, and communications (and other)
Poverty is one of Philadelphia’s most enduring, pervasive, and seemingly intractable problems.
At nearly 26 percent, the poverty rate is the highest among the nation’s 10 largest cities, seventh highest among the 52 cities with at least 350,000 residents. Most disturbing to officials is how little the figure has dropped in the relatively good national economy of the last few years.
In terms of health, there was some good news for the city: The percentage of residents without insurance coverage fell below 10 percent; the number of births to teenage mothers was half what it had been a decade ago; and infant deaths dropped to an historic low. On the other hand, a third of adult Philadelphians were obese and 22 percent were smokers; both rates are well above the national averages.
Health and Welfare
73
74
Figure 8.1
Poverty and Deep Poverty in Philadelphia, 2006-15
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
For the last decade, Philadelphia has had the highest poverty rate of the nation’s 10 largest cities, with the rate declining slowly from a peak of 28.4 percent in 2011. Throughout the period, well over 40 percent of the city’s poor have been living in “deep poverty,” meaning their incomes were no more than half of the federal poverty limit. In 2016, a family of four was living in poverty if its income was $24,300 or less, in deep poverty at $12,150 or less.
0%
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10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Poverty rate
25.1%
26.7% 26.9%26.3%
25.8%
25%26%
28.4%
23.8% 24.1%
11.8% 11.1% 12% 12.3% 12.2% 12.3% 12.2%
11.1%
13.5% 13.1%
Deep poverty rate
2015201420132012201120102009200820072006
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
In the last few years, the national poverty rate has fallen substantially—but not in Philadelphia, where it has remained close to 26 percent. The local poverty rate in 2015 was roughly 18 percent for whites, 31 percent for African-Americans, 38 percent for children, and 39 percent for Hispanics.
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
U.S.
Washington
Boston
Chicago
Houston
Phoenix
Baltimore
Pittsburgh
Philadelphia
Cleveland
Detroit 39.8%
23%
25.8%
34.7%
22.9%
22.3%
21.2%
20.9%
20.5%
13.5%
15.8%
Figure 8.2
Poverty Rate, 2015
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Poverty in Philadelphia is widespread, with the highest concentrations found primarily in parts of North and West Philadelphia. In most of the city’s residential ZIP codes, the rate is over 20 percent.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
< 15 percent15–29 percent30–44 percent45+ percentNonresidential
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Figure 8.3
Percentage of Philadelphians Living Below the Federal Poverty Line
<15 percent
15-29 percent
30-44 percent
45+ percent
Nonresidential
76
In January 2016, Philadelphia officials undertook a one-night count of people staying in emergency shelters, in transitional housing, in temporary drop-in centers, and on the street. The data showed that Philadelphia had 6,112 homeless people. That was the largest number since 2012 but below the recent peak of 6,871 recorded in 2008.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Age Sex Household Race Ethnicity Location
Children
Adults
Women
Men
29%
71%
42%
58%
Trans-gender<1%
Individuals
44%
56%
Familymembers
White
AsianOther
Black
4%
1%
80%
15% Hispanic
Non-Hispanic
9%
91%Sheltered
88%
12%
Un-sheltered
Figure 8.4
Profile of People Experiencing Homelessness in Philadelphia, 2016
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Figure 8.5
Life Expectancy at Birth in Philadelphia
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Depending on where a child is born in Philadelphia, the variation in life expectancy can be as much as 20 years. Life expectancy is 88 years in ZIP code 19106 in Center City and only 68 in ZIP code 19132 in North Philadelphia, according to the Center on Society and Health at Virginia Commonwealth University. Generally, life expectancy in the city correlates with income, with the longest expectancies in wealthier areas and the shortest in areas with low household incomes. Citywide, life expectancy at birth is just under 76 years; it is 81 years in Montgomery and Chester counties. The national figure is about 79.
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Figure 8.7
Births to Teenage Mothers in Philadelphia, 2005-14Ages 15-19
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
From the recent peak in 2007 through 2014, the last year for which data were available, the number of children born to teenage mothers in Philadelphia declined by more than half. Over the same period, the national number fell as well, although not as sharply. In Philadelphia, the drop has been steepest among younger teens, those ages 15-17.
0
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3,000
4,000
2014201320122011201020092008200720062005
3,4743,605
3,462
2,505
2,000
3,620
3,2703,012
2,721
1,758
Figure 8.6
Infant Mortality in Philadelphia, 2005-14
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
In 2014, the last year for which numbers were available, 7.9 of every 1,000 children born to Philadelphia parents, 177 in all, died before reaching their first birthdays, the lowest figure in many years. The national rate was 6.1 deaths per 1,000 births. In the city, two-thirds of the infants who died were African-American, and only 1 in 7 was white.
200
300263
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20142013
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Total deaths
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© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Drug overdose deaths took center stage in Philadelphia in 2016, and the data in this graphic show why. From 2010 to 2015, the annual number of such fatalities rose by 78 percent, and the official 2016 totals, not available for this report, were expected to be in the range of 900. In 2015, 67 percent of those who died were white and 72 percent were male. Thirty percent of the victims used opioids, 22 percent benzodiazepines, 21 percent barbiturates, and 11 percent antidepressants. In the last several years, the number of unintentional overdoses has far exceeded the number of homicides and suicides in the city combined.
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629696
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Figure 8.8
Unintentional Drug Overdose Deaths in Philadelphia, 2006-15
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
With the Affordable Care Act fully in effect, there has been a decline in the percentage of individuals without health insurance in Philadelphia and other cities. In Philadelphia, the percentage dropped by more than 5 points from 2013 to 2015, tracking what happened nationally.
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
BostonWashington
PittsburghBaltimore
U.S.
ClevelandPhiladelphia
DetroitChicagoPhoenix
Houston 22.3%
10.1%
9.7%
14.8%
10.5%
9.5%
9.4%
7.6%
6.4%
3.8%
3.8%
Figure 8.9
Residents Without Health Insurance, 2015
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Figure 8.10
Adult Smoking in Philadelphia, 2015
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
The incidence of smoking varies widely across the city. In 2015, more than 30 percent of adults in 11 ZIP codes identified themselves as smokers; many of those areas are in lower-income and working-class sections of the city. The citywide smoking rate for adults was 22 percent, according to the Community Health Management Corp.’s Community Health Database, the source of these numbers. The national rate is about 17 percent.
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Less than 10 percent
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30 percent and up
Nonresidential
Insufficient data
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Figure 8.11
Obesity in Philadelphia, 2000-15
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
One in 3 adult Philadelphians qualified as obese in 2015; in 2000, only 1 in 4 did. These numbers come from the Community Health Data Base, a survey conducted every few years by Public Health Management Corp. In the survey, respondents were asked to give their height and weight. Based on that information, the researchers calculated whether individuals were obese. The statewide rate is 30 percent.
0%
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20152012201020082006200420022000
25%
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26% 28
%
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33%
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In Philadelphia, about 3 in 10 adults report consuming at least one sugary drink per day. The figure varies widely from one neighborhood to another. The ZIP codes where consumption is high tend to be low-income areas, while those where consumption is low tend to have higher household incomes. A number of cities, including Philadelphia, have sought to raise funds and/or reduce consumption by imposing special taxes on sugary drinks and other beverages. In the Public Health Management Corp. survey that produced this data, respondents were asked to exclude diet drinks and 100 percent juice in giving their answers.
© 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts
Figure 8.12
Consumption of Sugary Drinks in PhiladelphiaPercentage of adults consuming at least one per day
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Sources and Notes
The Big Picture1.1 U.S. Census Bureau (2016 population estimates); U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015,
http://factfinder.census.gov.
1.2 Census Bureau (intercensal estimates, 2000-10, http://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/intercensal-2000-2010-counties.html; census population estimates, 2011-16, www.census.gov/popest).
1.3 The Pew Philadelphia Poll, 2016.
1.4 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimates, http://factfinder.census.gov.
1.5 U.S. Census Bureau, Public Use Microdata Sample, American Community Survey, one-year estimates, 2013-15, accessed using IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota, www.ipums.org.
1.6 Pennsylvania Department of Health, Bureau of Health Statistics and Research, “Birth, Death, and Other Vital Statistics,” http://www.statistics.health.pa.gov/HealthStatistics/VitalStatistics/Pages/default.aspx#.WCoYrfMo670.
1.7 U.S. Census Bureau, 1990, 2000, and 2010 decennial censuses; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015. All sources but the 1990 count are available at http://factfinder.census.gov.
1.8 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, five-year estimate, 2011-15, http://factfinder.census.gov.
1.9 U.S. Census Bureau, “Nativity of the Population for the 50 Largest Urban Places: 1870 to 1990,” http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0029/tab19.html; U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 and 2010 decennial censuses and American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2005 and 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.
1.10 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.
1.11 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.
Jobs and the Economy2.1 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics—local data from Local Area Unemployment Statistics and national data from Current Population
Survey, http://www.bls.gov/data.
2.2 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, http://www.bls.gov/data.
2.3 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics, http://www.bls.gov/data.
2.4 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics, http://www.bls.gov/data.
2.5 Data for 1999 from Philadelphia Planning Commission, “City Stats: General Economic and Demographic Data,” http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/citystats.pdf. Data for 2016 from Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry, Center for Workforce Information and Analysis, “Top 50 Employers: Philadelphia County,” http://www.workstats.dli.pa.gov/Documents/Top%2050/Philadelphia_County_Top_50.pdf.
2.6 U.S. Census Bureau, “OnTheMap” (2014), http://onthemap.ces.census.gov.
2.7 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimates, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.
2.8 U.S. Census Bureau, “OnTheMap” (2014), http://onthemap.ces.census.gov.
2.9 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, five-year estimate, 2011-15, http://factfinder.census.gov.
2.10 National Venture Capital Association, http://www.nvca.org.
2.11 U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, “Patenting in Technology Classes, Breakout by Origin, U.S. Metropolitan and Micropolitan Areas,” https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/cls_cbsa/allcbsa_gd.htm.
2.12 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.
2.13 U.S. Census Bureau, “County Business Patterns by Employment Class Size: 2014 Business Patterns,” http://factfinder.census.gov.
2.14 U.S. Census Bureau, “2014 Annual Survey of Entrepreneurs,” http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ASE_2014_00CSA01&prodType=table.
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Public Safety3.1 The Pew Philadelphia Poll, 2016.
3.2 Philadelphia Police Department, ”Crime Mapper,” https://www.phillypolice.com/crime-maps-stats/.
3.3 Police departments in all 10 cities; population numbers used to make calculations drawn from Census Bureau estimates of city population.
3.4 Philadelphia Police Department.
3.5 Philadelphia Police Department.
3.6 Philadelphia Police Department (figures for 2015 and 2016 available at https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B-oNK20OF0P_bEwxdURCbnlzbzg).
3.7 Philadelphia Police Department.
3.8 The Pew Philadelphia Poll, 2016.
3.9 Philadelphia Prison System.
3.10 Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, “Pennsylvania Crash Facts and Statistics” annual reports, 2006-15, http://www.penndot.gov/TravelInPA/Safety/Pages/Crash-Facts-and-Statistics.aspx; Bicycle Coalition of Greater Philadelphia, 2016, http://bicyclecoalition.org/trackingfatalities.
3.11 Philadelphia Fire Department.
3.12 Philadelphia Fire Department.
Education4.1 Enrollment data for district-run and charter schools are from the School District of Philadelphia, and Catholic school enrollment data
are from the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. Numbers for district-run schools do not include pre-K students or institutional placement students who attend nondistrict schools.
4.2 School District of Philadelphia.
4.3 NAEP test results available at https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/reading_math_2015/#?grade=4.
4.4 School District of Philadelphia.
4.5 School District of Philadelphia.
4.6 School District of Philadelphia.
4.7 The Pew Philadelphia Poll, 2016.
4.8 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.
4.9 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.
4.10 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, five-year estimates, 2011-15, http://factfinder.census.gov.
Housing5.1 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.
5.2 Data from Kevin Gillen, Senior Research Fellow at the Lindy Institute for Urban Innovation, Drexel University.
5.3 Data from Kevin Gillen, Senior Research Fellow at the Lindy Institute for Urban Innovation, Drexel University.
5.4 U.S. Census Bureau, “Building Permits Survey,” www.census.gov/construction/bps. The bureau uses data supplied by the Philadelphia Department of Licenses and Inspections.
5.5 Philadelphia Housing Authority’s Policy, Research, and Enterprise Planning Office.
5.6 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015, available at http://factfinder.census.gov.
5.7 HSH.com, “The Salary You Must Earn to Buy a Home in 27 Metros,” http://www.hsh.com/finance/mortgage/salary-home-buying-25-cities.html. Data are for the third quarter of 2016 and are updated periodically.
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Government and Transportation6.1 City of Philadelphia, Office of the Director of Finance, Quarterly City Manager’s Reports for Dec. 31 of each year, www.phila.gov/
finance/reports-Quarterly.html.
6.2 City of Philadelphia, Municipal Retirement System, Actuarial Valuation Report as of July 1, 2015 (2016), http://www.phila.gov/pensions/PDF/PHILARBP_2015%20AVR_032516s.pdf.
6.3 City of Philadelphia, Department of Finance, The Mayor’s Operating Budget in Brief for Fiscal Year 2017, as Approved by the Council (June 2016), http://www.phila.gov/finance/pdfs/FY17FinalBudgetinBriefAdopted.pdf. Placement of departments and agencies within categories was determined by Pew.
6.4 City of Philadelphia, Department of Finance, “Recommended Six-Year Capital Program for Fiscal Years 2017-2022, July 1st through June 30th” (2016), p. 23, http://www.phila.gov/finance/pdfs/PhiladelphiaCapitalBudgetBookFY1722.pdf.
6.5 Data for 1968-2012 from city of Philadelphia, office of Al Schmidt, city commissioner, “Voter Registration and Voter Turnout in Philadelphia, 1936 to 2013,” https://www.scribd.com/document/245636747/Voter-Registration-and-Voter-Turnout-in-Philadelphia-1936-to-2013-Final. Data for 2016 from http://www.phillyelectionresults.com/Citywide_Election_Results.html.
6.6 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimates, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.
6.7 City transit and regional rail data from SEPTA; high-speed line data from Delaware River Port Authority .
6.8 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimates, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.
6.9 Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
6.10 Philadelphia International Airport, Aviation Activity Reports, http://www.phl.org/Pages/Business/ReportsPlans/activityReports.aspx.
6.11 Amtrak (2010 data, https://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/527/443/Amtrak%20Northeast%20Corridor%2010.pdf; 2015 data, https://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/998/601/Amtrak-National-Fact-Sheet-FY2015,0.pdf).
6.12 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.
Arts and Culture7.1 PKF Consulting Hospitality Snapshot. Data are self-reported by the individual attraction.
7.2 National Center for Charitable Statistics, IRS Business Master Files (Exempt Organizations) 2016, provided by DataArts, an organization that provides the nonprofit arts and cultural sector with data and resources in order to strengthen its vitality, performance, and public impact. Cultural organizations are defined as having the following National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities codes: A, A01, A02, A03, A05, A11, A12, A19, A20, A23, A24, A25, A26, A27, A30, A31, A32, A33, A34, A40, A50, A51, A52, A53, A54, A56, A57, A60, A61, A62, A63, A65, A68, A69, A6A, A6B, A6C, A6E, A70, A7XZ, A80, A82, A84, A90, A99, A99Z, B70, C36, C41, C42, and D50.
7.3 Data Arts. For more information on DataArts, see http://culturaldata.org/.
7.4 DataArts.
7.5 DataArts.
Health and Welfare8.1 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimates, http://factfinder.census.gov.
8.2 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimates, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.
8.3 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, five-year estimate, 2011-15, http://factfinder.census.gov.
8.4 City of Philadelphia, “Point-in-Time Count: PA-500 Philadelphia CoC,” Jan. 27, 2016, http://www.phila.gov/osh/PDF/Philadelphia%20CoC%20-%20%202016%20Homeless%20Point%20in%20Time%20Count%20-%20All%20Households.pdf.
8.5 Center on Society and Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, available at http://societyhealth.vcu.edu/media/society-health/pdf/LE-Map-Philly-Methods.pdf.
8.6 Pennsylvania Department of Health, Bureau of Health Statistics and Research, “Resident Infant Deaths by Age, Sex, Race and County,” http://www.statistics.health.pa.gov/HealthStatistics/VitalStatistics/DeathStatistics/Documents/Death_InfantAgeSexRace_Cnty_2010_2014.pdf.
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8.7 Pennsylvania Department of Health, Bureau of Health Statistics and Research, “Birth Statistics,” http://www.statistics.health.pa.gov/HealthStatistics/VitalStatistics/BirthStatistics/Pages/default.aspx#.WCZBT_Mo670.
8.8 Philadelphia Department of Public Health.
8.9 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, one-year estimate, 2015, http://factfinder.census.gov.
8.10 Data from survey conducted for the Community Health Data Base of Public Health Management Corp. and made available to Pew.
8.11 Data from survey conducted for the Community Health Data Base of Public Health Management Corp. and made available to Pew.
8.12 Data from survey conducted for the 2015 Community Health Data Base of Public Health Management Corp. and made available to Pew.
Photo Captions and CreditsExcept where indicated, photographs were taken by Lexey Swall of the GRAIN photography collective.
Page 1 The new Comcast Tower (second building from left) is scheduled to be finished in 2017 as the Philadelphia skyline continues to change and grow.
Page 2 A redesigned subway entrance at Dilworth Park, on the west side of City Hall.
Page 3 A basketball game at the Capitolo Playground in the Passyunk Square neighborhood.
Page 6 A view of the city skyline behind Capitolo Playground in the Passyunk Square neighborhood.
Page 10 Produce at the Ninth Street Market in South Philadelphia.
Page 13 An employee at Honeygrow on 16th Street, near Rittenhouse Square.
Page 15 Shoppers at the Hung Vuong Supermarket on Washington Avenue in South Philadelphia.
Page 16 Capuccio’s Meats in the Ninth Street Market.
Page 19 A bartender at Elbow Lane, the bar beneath Harp & Crown restaurant on Sansom Street.
Page 23 A web developer works at Indy Hall, a co-working space in Old City.
Page 24 Construction of the dual-branded W and Element Hotels at the corner of 15th and Chestnut Streets.
Page 25 Inside Metro Mens Clothing store on East Passyunk Avenue. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts
Page 27 A truck from the Philadelphia Fire Department’s Engine 43 station returns from a call, at 21st and Market Streets.
Page 33 Philadelphia police on Chestnut Street.
Page 34 Philadelphia Fire Department Engine 43 firehouse, at 21st and Market Streets.
Page 35 A woman crosses the street in Northern Liberties. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts
Page 37 Students between classes at the Academy at Palumbo High School.
Page 39 Students practice guitar at Academy at Palumbo High School.
Page 42 Students at Community College of Philadelphia. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts
Page 43 Students outside of South Philadelphia High School. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts
Page 47 Two neighbors talk on the front stoops of their houses in South Philadelphia.
Page 48 Homeowners Louise and Reggie Bundy, in their North Philadelphia neighborhood near Temple University. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts
Page 49 A view of new construction in Northern Liberties. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts
Page 53 New housing in North Philadelphia near Temple University. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts
Page 54 New construction in Northern Liberties. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts
Page 55 Homes in the Wynnefield neighborhood of West Philadelphia. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts
Page 57 A SEPTA trolley moves westbound underground from 22nd Street to 15th Street.
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Page 61 A SEPTA bus is seen through the window of Indy Hall, a co-working space in Old City.
Page 63 A man crosses the street by City Hall.
Page 65 A cyclist on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway. Credit: Katye Martens/The Pew Charitable Trusts
Page 67 “Suspension of Conflicts,” by French choreographer Boris Charmatz, co-presented by Drexel University’s Westphal College of Media Arts & Design and FringeArts. Credit: Jacques-Jean Tiziou
Page 68 Nichole Canuso Dance Company. Credit: Peggy Woolsey
Page 69 A family explores “The Architecture of Francis Kéré: Building for Community,” part of “Creative Africa” at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Credit: Tim Tiebout
Page 73 A mother brings her daughter for a checkup at the Esperanza Health Center in North Philadelphia.
Page 76 Lunch is served at Broad Street Ministry.
Page 81 A view of City Hall at night from the Avenue of the Arts.