philadelphiapolice school diversion program: stemming the ......philadelphia school demographics...
TRANSCRIPT
Kevin BethelNaomi E. Goldstein
Lindsey M. Cole
Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program:
Stemming the School-to-Prison Pipeline
Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect views of the Stoneleigh Foundation or the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice or the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
SCHOOL-TO-PRISON PIPELINE
Harsh School DisciplinePractices
Arrest
Federal Gun-Free Schools Act (1994)
NCLB“Persistently Dangerous”
Zero-tolerance
Schools
School Police
5th Largest City in the United States
1.5 Million Residents4 Million People in Metro Area
140 Square-Miles 4th Largest Police
Department in the United States
21Police Districts 6500 Sworn Officers
1000 Civilian
P H I L A D E L P H I A P O L I C E D E P A R T M E N T
S C H O O L D I S T R I C T O F P H I L A D E L P H I A O V E R V I E W
8th Largest Public Education Systemin the United States
218 Schools134,500 Students
320 School District Police Officer (non-‐sworn)
84 Philadelphia Police Officers
SCHOOL-TO-PRISON PIPELINE IN PHILADELPHIA
Zero-Tolerance Policies
School Security Measures
• Metal detectors• 320 School Police
Officers
School Disciplinary Practices
• 32,000 suspensions annually
Justice System Involvement
• 1,600 school-based arrests annually
P H I L A D E L P H I A S C H O O L D E M O G R A P H I C S
Multi-racial
Black/ African American
White Asian
51%20%
7%14% 8%
Hispanic/Latino
School District of
Philadelphia
134,000 students
1600 arrests 80% African
American
51% African
American
School District of
Philadelphia
134,000 students
1600 arrests
GOALS: DISMANTLING THE SCHOOL-TO-PRISON PIPELINE
80% African
American
51% African
American
¡GOALS: 1. Reduce arrests by 50%2. Improve school retention
rates3. Reduce RED in arrests &
school discipline rates4. Provide service access
Police Department
DHSSchool District
Family Court
DA’s Office
DPW Public Defender
Community Providers
JDAI Task Force
Drexel University
PHILADELPHIA’S COLLABORATING PARTNERS
THE DIVERSION PROCESS
Incident Occurs
School police contact PPD
PPD determines offense eligibility
PPD calls intake center – youth’s
eligibility determined
DHS & police visit youth’s home
Refer to community
provider
Arrested
Begin Diversion Services
School makes disciplinary
decision
SUMMARY/ MISDEMEANOR
COMMUNITY SERVICE PROVIDERS
INTENSIVE PREVENTION SERVICES (IPS)
Core Components:Academic supportSocial/emotional
competency buildingMentoringRecreation
Work ready programmingCommunity service
Engagement with parental involvement
Victim-Offender conferencing
SY 2014-2015 SY 2015-2016
Year 1 and Year 2
Outcomes
1580
724569
486472
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
54%
YEAR 1 AND YEAR 2 OUTCOMES: ARRESTS
AY 2013 – 2014
AY 2014 – 2015
Diverted
13.2% arrested post-
diversion (5/14-8/16)
AY 2015 – 2016
64%*
*Compared to AY 2013-2014
Weapon (cutting
instrument)
Marijuana Possession
Disorderly Conduct (fighting)
Assault on Teacher
Assault on Police
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
YEAR 1 AND YEAR 2 OUTCOMES: ARRESTS BY TYPE
85%
30%
87%
25%77%
91% 98%
87% 39% 53%
AY 2013 – 2014AY 2014 – 2015AY 2015 – 2016
208 203
55
8 5
213
164
3912 21
0
50
100
150
200
250
Weapon Possession
Marijuana Possession
Disorderly Conduct
Trespassing Simple Assualt
YEAR 1 AND YEAR 2 OUTCOMES: DIVERSION BY TYPE OF INCIDENT
AY 2014 – 2015AY 2015 – 2016
YEAR 1 AND YEAR 2: SCHOOL AND
SERVICE OUTCOMES
YEAR 1 AND YEAR 2 OUTCOMES: BEHAVIORAL INCIDENTS
63595291 5397
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
17%
School and Service
Outcomes
Reduction in disciplinary
transfers
Acceptance of services
AY 2013 – 2014AY 2014 – 2015AY 2015 – 2016
15%
YEAR 1 AND YEAR 2: WHO WAS DIVERTED?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Previous behavioral incident(s) w/ SPO
contact
Contact with PPD Officer(s)
Contact with Justice System
DIVERTED STUDENTS: BEHAVIORAL HISTORY
25.6% 13.9% 8.6%
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Black/ African American
Hispanic/ Latino
White Asian
DIVERTED STUDENTS: RACE AND ETHNICITY
Male
Female
261
11945 70
15 14 1
501
71.9%
28.1%
English
67.6%
32.4%
Math
DIVERTED STUDENTS: ACADEMIC STATUS
Passing
Not passing
69.0%
31.0%
Science
A
B
CD
F28.1%
English
68.0%
32.0%
Social Studies Elevated rates of IEPs
YEAR 2 OUTCOMES: OFFICER FEEDBACK
10.0% 5.0% 5.0%21.7%
58.3%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Strongly Disagree
Somewhat Disagree
Undecided Somewhat Agree
Strongly Agree
IMPLEMENTATION STUDY: “TO WHAT EXTENT DO YOU AGREE WITH THE
DIVERSION PROGRAM?”
0.0% 4.8%17.7%
56.5%
20.7%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Much worse A little worse No effect A little better Much better
IMPLEMENTATION STUDY: “IN YOUR EXPERIENCE, HOW IS THE DIVERSION
PROGRAM AFFECTING SCHOOL SAFETY?”
Makes things…
1.7% 0.0%15.5%
24.1%
58.6%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Strongly Disagree
Somewhat Disagree
Undecided Somewhat Agree
Strongly Agree
IMPLEMENTATION STUDY: “TO WHAT EXTENT DO YOU BELIEVE THE DIVERSION
PROGRAM SHOULD BE DONE IN OTHER CITIES?”
¡OJJDP funding¡Evaluation components:
¡Quasi-control group comparison¡ Implementation study§PPD school officers, SDP school officers, school administrators
Youth
Police & Juvenile Justice
School ServiceParticipation
Youth Wellbeing
ONGOING EVALUATION
• Goal: Reduce arrest rates• Year 1 arrests down 54%
• Goal: Improve school retention rates• School disciplinary transfers down substantially
• Goal: Reduce racial and ethnic disparities• Equivalent reductions across groups
• Goal: Provide service access• Vast majority of students accepted services
EVALUATION SUMMARY
EVALUATION SUMMARY
•Successful progress towards primary goals
•Diverted youth are not “bad kids”
•PPD officers tend to express positive views of the program
A MODEL FOR REPLICATION
• Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency and Prevention (OJJDP)
• Interim Report of The President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing
• ACLU Pennsylvania
• The White House: My Brother’s Keeper Initiative
PLANS MOVING FORWARD…
• Expansion to summary retail theft
• Trainings for school officers
• Conduct & consequences school assemblies
• Act 26 (Safe Schools Act)
• Replication
