Philip and Alexander of

Macedonia

Nemah Juman &

Leena

• Philip II was born in 382 BC in Pella.

• Parents:

– Eurydice I

– Amyntas III:

• king of Macedonia (393 BC and 392-370 BC.)

• Died in 370 BC

• Successor: Alexander II

• Siblings: Alexander II and Perdiccas III

Philip II of Macedonia

• Married to seven women

– Relatives of opponents

– Diplomatically safe

• Hostage in Thebes (368 to 365 BC)

• beneficial for Philip.

– Militarily and diplomatically educated

• Epaminodas

Early years

Throne

Amyntas III(393 BC and 392-370 BC.)

Alexander II (371–369 BC)

Perdiccas (368 to 359

BC)

Amyntas IV (359 BC)

Philip II (382–336 BC)

• Became king when he was 21 years old

• General

– Brought him great success

• Able to concur land that was lost

– Unified Ancient Greece and made Macedonia is

capital city

• First to allow education for the sons of noble

men

• Introduced a new goal

– Defeat the persians

• Expanded the size of the royal companians

– People from countries who where newly concured by

macedonians would have a chance to have a high rank

in the government

• Sense of belonging

Reign

Illyrians

• 358 BC

– Was victorious in a battle against the

Illyrians and freed north-western

Macedonia of their rule

• Fled and left 7,000 dead (3/4 of their force)

– Invasion of Illyrian

Organization of Macedonian

Army

• sarissa

Philips control

• After the invasion of Illyria, Phenoia

was forced to integrate into

Macedonia.

Conquering of Greek cities

• 356 BC – captured Potidaea (in

chalcidice, greece)

• Captured Pydna (another greek

colony)

• Captured Methone

Northern Greece

• Defeated Thessaly.

• He was in control of all of Northern

Greece (352 BC)

• Invasion of Thrace

• 339Bc defeated Thrace. And all the

Thracians were under Philips control

Alexander the Great

Background

• Alexander of Macedonia.

– Known as Alexander III or Alexander the Great

• Born in Pella in July 356 BC

• His parents • Philip II of Macedonia

• King of Macedonia

• Olympias

• a princess of a neighboring

country called Epirus.

Birth

• Philip

– The success of his horse in the

Olympic games

– And the victory of a battle in Illyria

• Son of Zeus

• Philip loses his eye

Philip II of

Macedonia

Olympias

Character

• A legacy

– Wanted to be known for brilliance,

bravery, and courage.

– Curious and derived

• Sexuality

• His childhood friend Hephaestion

• His parents

• He married three women

• Roxana of Bactria

• Stateria II of Persia

• Parysatis II of Persia

Gordian Knot

Early Life • 12 years old (344 BC)

– Horse called Bucephalus

• 18 years old (338 BC)

• A general

• Invading Greece

• Battle of Chaeronea

• Macedonians were victorious due to Alexander’s bravery.

• He destroyed the The Theban Secret Band (elite Greek

force)

• 16 years old (340 BC) • Philip assembled an army to invade Thrace

• power to rule Macedonia in his absence

• Rebels in north-eastern Macedonia (Thracian tribe of

Maedi) • Alexander assembled an army, led it against the

• renamed it after himself to Alexandropolis.

Education

• Leonidas

• Olympias’s uncle

• Strict

• Greek philosopher Aristotle

• training in rhetoric and literature

• stimulated his interest in science,

medicine, and philosophy

• Lysimachus

• taught him how to play the lyre

• appreciation for music, poetry, and

drama.

Philips Marriage and

Alexander’s persistence to be

the heir • Conflict in the royal family

• Philip’s marriage of Cleopatra was a threat to

alexander

– At the wedding banquet general Attalus

(Cleopatra's Uncle) made a remark about Philip

having a “real heir.

– "Here is the man who was making ready to cross

from Europe to Asia, and who cannot even cross

from one table to another without losing his balance.” - Alexander

• Exile

– His mother stayed in Epirus

– He went to Illyria.

Philips death

• Assassinated by Pausanias in October

336 BC in Agea (on his wedding)

• Conspiracy theories:

– Alexander and his mother Olympias were

incharge of Philip’s assassination

Battle of Granicus

• 25,000 Macedonians, 7,600 Greeks, and 7,000

Thracians and Illyrians,

• 40,000 Persians and Greeks (20,000 each)

waiting for them at the crossing of the river

Granicus, near the ancient city of Troy.

• The Macedonians defeated the Persians

• Almost the entire Greek force was annihilated.

18,000 Greeks perished on the banks of

Granicus and the 2,000 survivors were sent to

forced labor in Macedonia. The Macedonians

lost only 120 men.

Campaigns in Asia Minor

• Alexander led the army south across Asia Minor.

• Greek coastal cities gave the greatest resistance to

the Macedonians.

• the Macedonian army defeated the enemy and

conquered the coast of Asia Minor. Alexander then

turned northward to central Asia Minor, to the city

of Gordium.

– home of the famous Gordian Knot. Alexander

knew the legend that said that the man who

could untie the ancient knot was destined to rule

the entire world. the young Macedonian king

simply slashed it with his sword.

Campaigns in Asia Minor

Battle of Issus

• autumn of 333 BC

• The Macedonian army's encountered the

Persian army at a mountain pass at Issus

in northwestern Syria.

• 30,000 Greeks were added to Darius' army

• The Battle of Issus ended in a big victory

for Alexander.

• Ten's of thousands of Persians, Greeks,

and other Asiatic soldiers were killed and

king Darius fled in panic leaving behind

his mother, wife, and children behind.

• Alexander treated them with the

respect out of consideration for their

royalty.

Sieges of Tyre and Gaza

• the Macedonians begun building a

mole that would connect the island-

city with the coast.

• People resisted, which cost many

Macedonian life

• the walls finally gave in, the

Macedonians killed 7,000 people and

30,000 were sold as slaves.

Sieges of Tyre and Gaza

Conquest of Egypt

• entered in the beginning of

331 BC.

• by the Egyptians welcomed

the Macedonians

• Alexander ordered that a

city gets designed and

founded in his name at the

mouth of river Nile.

Battle of Gaugamela

• the Persian army was at the plains of Gaugamela(

million men)

• The Macedonians saw the lights of the Persian camp

fires – Alexander refused to attack because he wanted to win the Persians

fairly

• The Persian forces split the two Macedonians wings.

• Darius fled to Ecbatana in Media, and Alexander

occupied Babylon and the Persian capital Persepolis,

and was proclaimed the king of Asia.

• Four months later, the Macedonians burned the royal

palace in Persepolis, completing the end of the ancient

Persian Empire.

Battle of Gaugamela

• Battle between Macedonians and Indians The death of Buckephalus

March on India

• In the spring of 327 BC,

• against king Porus, one of the most powerful

Indian rulers.

• The Indians were defeated in a fierce battle

• Alexander allowed him to continue to

govern his territory.

• Alexander's horse Bucephalus was

wounded and died.

• Named a city Buckephalia, in his horse's

name.

March on India

• In the spring of 324,

• contracted a high fever

• the Macedonians were allowed to

file past their leader for the last

time before he finally died.

• died at the age of 33 without

designating a successor to the

Macedonian Empire.

Alexander's Death

Alexander's Death

Works citied

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