philippine.polity

8/3/2019 Philippine.polity

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PHILIPPINE POLITYPat Ray M Dagapioso



Overview

The Philippines has adopted a new

constitution that instituted the presidential-

style republican f orm of democracy.

The Philippines diff er f rom the United States,

because the Philippines is a unitary republic,

whilst America is a federal republic.



Overview

The Philippine politics is tumultuous.

One glaring example is the numerous coupdetat (s) and the coup attempts by the

political opposition and some rogue members

of the military.



Overview Coup Detat - is the sudden, extrajudicial deposition of

a government, usually by a small group of the existingstate establishmenttypically the militaryto replacethe deposed government with another body; eithercivil or military.

Since Senator Honasans f ailed coup against the Aquinogovernemnt in 1989, the Philippines has had a total of

6 coup attempts. The latest being the Manila Peninsulaseige led by Senator Antonio Trillanes.



Overview



Executive Branch (Review)

The president is both the head of government

and the chief of state.

Head of the government chief off icer of the

executive branch; he who actually runs things.

Head of state chief public representative of

the state; more symbollic.



Executive Branch President:

A. Elected to a six-year term through direct universalsuff rage

Vice-President: A. Can be elected to a maximum of two consecutive six-

year terms.

The Cabinet:

Composed of 22 departments and off ices, and areappointed by the President with the approval of theCommission of Appointments



Legislative Branch

The Philippine Congress is a bicameral

Congress.

Consisted of the Senate and the House of

Representatives.



Legislative Branch Senate:

24 members

Six-year terms

Limited to not more than 2 consecutive terms

Current number: 23 senators

Senate President: Juan Ponce Enrile



Legislative Branch House of Representatives:

229 geographical/legislative districts

57 sectoral representatives

Elected in 3 year terms

Limited to not more than 3 consecutive terms

House Speaker: Feliciano Belmonte Jr.



Judicial Branch The judiciary is an independent institution outside the

inf luence of both the Congress and the President.

The Supreme Court is composed of the Chief Justiceand 14 associate justices.

Justices of the court are appointed by the Judicial andBar Council (JBC)

Chief Justice: Renato Corona



Judicial Brancch Lower Collegiate Courts include:

Court of Appeals, Court of Tax Appeals, Sandiganbayan

Regular Courts: Regional Trial Courts, Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal

Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts in Cities, MunicipalCircuit Trial Court

M

uslim Courts: Sharia District Courts, Sharia District Courts



Administrative Divisions



Administrative Divisions The Philippine administrative divisions consist of provinces,

chartered cities, municipalities and barangays.

The Philippines has 17 regions.

Contains 80 provinces. The newest being the Dinagat Island.

138 cities in the Philippines.

A total of 1,514 municipalities in the Philippines.

Barangays, the smallest administrative unit in thePhilippines. 41, 995 total number of barangays in thePhilippines.



Provincial and Local Government Provinces:

Classif ication:

A. 1

st

Class Php 450M or more Average Annual Income (AAI) B. 2nd Class Php 360M but not more than Php 450M AAI

C. 3rd Class Php 270M but not more than Php360M AAI

D. 4th Class Php 180M but not more than Php 270M AAI

E. 5th Class Php 90M but not more than Php 180M AAI

F. 6th

Class below Php 90M AAI *Misamis Oriental is a 1st Class Province



Provincial and Local Government

Cities

Are corporate and administrative entities

governed by their own specif ic charters

Entitled to one legislative district per 250,000

population count



Provincial and Local Government Cities

City Classification: 1. Highly Urbanized Cities minimum population of 200, 000 and

has an income of at least Php 50M (33 total HUCs in thePhilippines)

2. Independent Component Cities - Cities whose charters prohibittheir voters f rom voting f or provincial elective off icials.Independent component cities are independent of the province.

3. Component Cities are cities which do not meet the above

requirements are considered component cities of the province inwhich they are geographically located. There are more than 80+component cities in the Philippines




Cities:

Income Classification:

Class Income

1st Php 400M or more

2nd Php 320M or more but less than Php 400M

3rd Php 240M or more but less than Php 320M

4th Php 160 M or more but less than Php 240M

5th Php 80 M or more but less than Php 160M

6th Below Php 80 M



Provincial and Local Government Municipalities

Have corporate personality: T o have a name of its own; right to sue and be sued; have the right to

purchase, sell, lease, and mortgage its own property in its own name. Cityhood:

1. A municipality, upon reaching a certain requirements-minimumpopulation size, and minimum annual revenue-may opt to becomea city.

2. First, a bill must be passed in Congress, then signed into law by

the President and then the residents would vote in thesucceeding plebiscite to accept or reject cityhood.

3. One benef it in being a city is that the city government gets morebudget, but taxes are much higher than in municipalities




Class Income1st P50,000,000 or more

2nd P40,000,000 or more but less than P50,000,000.

3rd P30,000,000 or more but less than P40,000,000.

4th P20,000,000 or more but less than P30,000,000.

5th P10,000,000 or more but less than P20,000,000.

6th Below P10,000,000

Municipality

± Income Classification:

± Naawan is a 4th Class Municipality.



Judicial and Legal System

The basis of the Philippine Legal Code is

primarily Spanish and Anglo-American Law.

Islamic Law also applies among Muslims in

portions in Mindanao.

Philippine legal system is also a good blend of

common law and civil law principles.



Judicial and Legal System Civil Law

A legal system that gives emphasis on codes of law

and statutes. Holds legislation as the primary source of law.

Private rights are protected on equal basis. Allindividuals stand bef ore the law on basis of

equality.



Judicial and Legal System Common Law

Is a judge-made law or case law.

Emphasizes on the role of precedent.

In the interpretation an the application of the law, the judges are inf luenced by previously decided cases.

Stare Decisis - a legal principle by which judges are

obliged to respect the precedents established by priordecisions.



Electoral System Philippines practices universal direct suffrage. Accords

right to vote on adults, male and f emale.

The Commission on elections (COME

LE

C) supervisescampaigns and elections.

Types of Elections: 1. Midterms every 3 years (May)

2. Presidential every 6 years (May)

3. Barangay every 3 years (November) 4. ARMM every 3 years



Electoral System Forms of direct democracy done through elections:

initiative, referendum, plebiscite, and recall.

1. Initiative necessarily gives the people the power to draf t a

statute or a constitutional amendment. Requires a percentage of the people.

2. Referendum used to approve or reject proposed policies.

3. Plebiscite Ratif y or Reject constitutional amendment, or theconstitution itself .

4.R

ecall a system by which an elected off icial is removed by apopular vote bef ore the end of his term.



Politics and Political Parties Philippine political parties are essentially non-ideological vehicles

f or personal and f actional political ambition.

Role of Political Parties:

1. Interest aggregation and articulation aggregation and articulationof diff erent demands of societal groups

2. Conciliation of Groups unif ying divers and competing groups inthe society

3. Staffing the Government the political party providesaccountability f or the public through providing off icers f rom the party

to man the government 4. Promotion of political stability parties mobilize movements

against exiting regimes and is a major f orce in bringing regime change



Politics and Political Parties The Philippines is practicing a multi-party system.

Two types of parties in the Philippines: A. Major parties

B

.M

inor parties/Party list organizations Major Parties:

Liberal Party headed by President Aquino

LAKAS-KAMPI-CMD headed by Gloria Arroyo

Nationalist Peoples Coalition headed byEduardo Cojuanco Jr

Nacionalista Party headed by Manny Villar

Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (PMP) headed by Joseph Estrada

PDP-Laban (Partido Demokratiko Pilipino) headed by Aquilino Pimentel

LDP (Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino) headed by Eduardo Angara



Foreign Relations The main f oreign policy of the Philippine aims to promote democracy and

human rights and the welfare of some of 7 million overseas workers.

Maintains close ties to America, the Persia gulf and Middle Easternnations.

Active member of the ASEAN , U N .

Philippines was designated as a major non-NATO ally in 2003.

M utual Defense Treaty 1951 (U S and Philippines):

For the purpose of Article IV, an armed attack on either of the Parties isdeemed to include an armed attack on the metropolitan territory of either of the Parties, or on the island territories under its jurisdiction in the Pacif ic or on

its armed f orces, public vessels or aircraf t in the Pacif ic.



Foreign Relations In 2011, Philippines and China had

exacerbated its relations through the strong

claims over the Spartlys Islands.

Had good relations with US, Japan, China,

Netherlands, Hong-Kong, Singapore, South

Korea (all export and import trading partners)

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