philosophy and education
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PHILOSOPHY AND EDUCATION
BHAGYASREE N P1MSC NURSING GOVT CON ALAPPUZHA
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Love of Wisdom Philosophy is an attempt to think truly
about human experience or to make out whole experience intelligible. –Bright man.
Philosophy is a search for comprehensive view of nature , an attempt at a universal explanation of nature of things.
MEANING
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Metaphysics Epistemology Ethics/ Axiology Aesthetics Logic
MAJOR BRANCHES
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Philosophy and aims of education Philosophy and curriculum Philosophy and method of teaching Philosophy and teacher Philosophy and discipline
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
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Oldest philosophy Idealism believe that man is a combination
of spiritual and material aspects, of which the spiritual aspect is more real and important
IDEALISM
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Presence of Universal mind Regards man as a spiritual being The World of ideal and values are superior
than the materialistic world The real knowledge is perceived in mind
PRINCIPLES OF IDEALISM
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Self realization Exaltation of personality through self
realization Universal education Development of inventive and creative
powers Conservation, promotion and transmission of
cultural heritages Development of moral sense Cultivation of spiritual values
Idealism and aims of education
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Teacher as an ideal person Recognize teacher as a friend philosopher
and guide.
Role of the teacher in idealism
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Higher place to mental and spiritual world than physical world.
Goal is universal education. Emphasis on character and moral
development. Ideal centered education.
Contribution to education
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Idealistic views have little importance in class room teaching.
Younger generation prefer inventions and originality rather than imitation.
Limitations of idealism
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“Naturalism is a system of which the salient characteristic is the exclusion of whatever is spiritual or indeed, whatever is trancedental of experience.”- Hayward Joyce
NATURALISM
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Child centered education. Education as the natural development of
child’s power and capacities. Negative education in early childhood. Education should be based on child’s
psychology. The role of teacher should be that of a
guide.
PRINCIPLES OF NATURALISM
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Self expression Self preservation Redirection of human instincts Struggle for existence Autonomous development of individuality Education according to nature
NATURALISM AND AIMS OF EDUCATION
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Learning by doing Play way method Observation and experimentation Self education or self effort
NATURALISM AND METHOD OF TEACHING
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As an observer and stage setter
Role of the teacher
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Education should be a pleasurable activity Engage the spontaneous self activity of the
child Punishment is based on consequences of
wrong needs School should be located in natural setting
CONTRIBUTIONS TO EDUCATION
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Pragmatism is essentially a humanistic philosophy maintaining that man creates his own values in course of activity, that reality is still in making and awaits its part of completion from the future. - Ross
PRAGMATISM
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Stress on social and physical environment. Continuous reconstruction of experience as
the aim of education. Child as the centre of activity. Life situation as the basis of education. Stress on freedom for the child. Experience and experiments as the basis of
learning. Positive education.
PRINCIPLES OF EDUCATION
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Pragmatism regards the teacher as a helper and guide.
Pragmatism considers teacher as an arranger of experience.
ROLE OF THE TEACHER
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R E A L I S M
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In J.S Ross’s opinion, “the doctrine of realism asserts that there is a real world of things behind and corresponding to the objects of our perception”
According to Butter, “Realism is the reinforcement of our common acceptance of this world as it appears to us”
REALISM
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Worldly reality of everyday life are true. It does not believe in the existence of absolute
truth. It accepts only sensory experience of the
external world as real. It look at man like a physical being controlled by
rules and laws. Real knowledge is obtained by analysing and
experiencing sensation. It advocates the method and principles of
physical science for acquiring knowledge
PRINCIPLES OF REALISM
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Prepares the child for real life. Prepare the child for a happy and successful
life. Foster the mental and physical power of the
child Developing and training of sense. Providing vocational education. Make the child familiar with the nature and
social environment
REALISM AND AIMS OF EDUCATION
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To prepare good citizen. Recommend broad and flexible curriculum. Suggest scientific teaching method. Considers education as a tool for social
control. Emphasis on adult and social education. Harmonious relationship among school,
home and society
FEATURES
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E C L E C T I S M
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None of the philosophies of education provide all the answers.
In a multiracial and multilingual society like India there is a great need for philosophy which aims at synthesising diverse elements.
NEED FOR ECLECTISM
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Emphasis on the individual child. The powers of the mind and intellect are
important. The child should become the useful member
of the society. The curriculum should be a balanced one. The interests and aptitudes of the child
should be properly taken care of.
EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION
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The teacher play an important role in the educative process.
Learning through activity finds place in all activity.
condemns repression. Puts emphasis on self-discipline. accepts activity as an important instrument
of learning. Envisages correlation of various disciplines
of study. Eclectic tendency considers teacher as a
friend, philosopher and a guide
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Man’s existence Self knowledge Freedom and responsibility Man is not complete No acceptance of readymade concepts
EXISTENTIALISM
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According to concise oxford dictionary, humanism means “ a rationalistic outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matter.”
HUMANISM
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Humanism and social welfare Humanism and materialism Humanism and social values Humanism and equality of all members Humanism and coexistence of individuals
CHIEF CHARACTERISTICS