philosophy of orthodontic 1
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ORTHODONTICORTHODONTIC
PHYLOSOPHYPHYLOSOPHY
OFOF
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THE MEANINGTHE MEANING
The word ORTHODONTIC comes from
Greek’s words :
• Orthos,means good
• Dons, means teeth
So, ORTHODONTIC can be mentonas a scence that f!es or arranges
dsordered teeth conto"r#
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DEFINITIONDEFINITIONThere are fo"r Defntons of
Orthodontc :
$# %ccordng to Dr# &# H# %ng'e ($)**+# %ccordng to -o.es ($)$$+
/# %ccordng to The 0rtsh Socet. of
Orthodontcs ($)+
1# %ccordng to %mercan %ssocaton of
Orthodontst
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MAIN OBJECTIVESMAIN OBJECTIVES
There are ten purposes o Ortho!ont"#s $
%& Proh"'"ts the a'nor(a) a#e #ontour
#on!"t"on #ause! '* +a, an! teeth !"sor!er&-& In#reases the r".ht un#t"on o #he,"n.&
/& In#reases the teeth en!uran#e ro( #ar"es&
0& A1o"!s teeth ro( Per"o!onta) !"seases&2& Proh"'"ts ortho!ont"# treat(ent "n o)! a.es&
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MAIN OBJECTIVESMAIN OBJECTIVES
3& Proh"'"ts an! 1an"shes the a'nor(a)
'reath '* teeth .ro,th aspe#t&
4& F"5es the ,a* o spea6&7& Van"shes the 'a! ha'"ts that #an
#ause #hron"#a))* !"sor!er&
8& F"5es the a'nor(a)Te(poro(an!"'u)ar +o"nt&
%9& In#rease Se) Con"!en#es
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ORTHODONTICORTHODONTIC
TREATMENTTREATMENTA##or!"n. to The Chara#ter"st"#: Ortho!ont"#
Treat(ent "s !"1"!e! "nto t,o Per"o!s $
%& A#t"1e Per"o!s: the per"o! o arran."n.
(a)un#t"on teeth '* us"n. (e#han"#a)
pressure o an ortho!ont"# .a!.et: or the
treat(ent to (a6e a #orre#t"on o upper an!
)o,er +a, #onne#t"on '* us"n. un#t"ona)
pressure o (outh (us#)es&
E. $ A#t"1e P)ate: A#t"1ator ;M*oun#t"ona)
App)"an#e<
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ORTHODONTICORTHODONTIC
TREATMENTTREATMENT
-&Pass"1e Per"o!: the treat(ent ater
the a#t"1e per"o!: ,"th the
o'+e#t"1e to 6eeps the teeth
pos"t"on ,h"#h ha1e 'een
#orre#te! so the teeth !on=t
re)apse '* us"n. Hawley Retainer &
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ORTHODONTICORTHODONTIC
TREATMENTTREATMENTA##or!"n. to The >s"n. o App)"an#es:
Ortho!ont"# Treat(ent "s !"1"!e! "nto t,o $
1. Removable Appliances: the app)"an#es thatare use! '*e the pat"ents the(se)1es&
E.s $ A#t"1e P)ate: E5pans"on P)ate:A#t"1ator: B"te Ra"ser: et#&
1. Fixed Appliances: the app)"an#es that #an 'euse! on)* '* the !o#tor&
E.s $ Be.. Te#hn"?ue: E!.e,"se: T,"n @"re
Ar#h: Stra".ht,"re: et#&
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ORTHODONTICORTHODONTIC
TREATMENTTREATMENTA##or!"n. to
The T"(e an! Ma)o##)us"on Le1e):Ortho!ont"# Treat(ent "s !"1"!e!
"nto three Per"o!s $
%&Pre1ent"1e Ortho!ont"#s
-&Inter#ept"1e Ortho!ont"#s
/&Corre#t"1eCurat"1e Ortho!ont"#s
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PREVENTIVEPREVENTIVE
ORTHODONTICSORTHODONTICSThe th"n.s that a1o"! a)) "n)uen#es ,h"#h #an
#han.e the nor(a) .ro,th so (a)pos"t"on o
teeth an! a'nor(a) +a, "nter#onne#t"on #an'e a1o"!e!&
The A#t"on phases$
a& Dur"n. the pre.nan#*: the #h")! nee! a )ot o
nutr"ents&'& Ater the '"rth: 6eep the nutr"ents or #h")!ren=s
hea)th&
#& Ater the #h")! has teeth: 6eep the te(porar* teeth
unt") the teeth are rep)a#e! '* per(anent teeth&
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INTERCEPTIVEINTERCEPTIVE
ORTHODONTICSORTHODONTICSInter#ept"1e Ortho!ont"#s "s an ortho!ont"#s
a#t"ons or treat(ent on ne,)* .ro, (a)o##)us"on
to proh"'"ts (a)o##)us"on 'e#o(e ,orse&
The e5a(p)es o Inter#ept"1e Ortho!ont"#s $
%& Ser"a) E5tra#t"on
-& Spa#e Re.a"ner
/& Rap"! Ma5"))ar* E5pans"on ;RME<
0& M*otheraph*
2& Fr"#t"on to a !"sta) (ora) o one per(anent ,eather"t "s up,ar! or !o,n,ar! to #o(p)ete the #ur1e
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CORRECTIVE C>RATIVECORRECTIVE C>RATIVE
ORTHODONTICSORTHODONTICS
Corre#t"1e Ortho!ont"#s "s an
ortho!ont"#s treat(ent on a)rea!*
happen (a)o##)us"on&
Corre#t"1eCurat"1e Ortho!ont"#s "s
app)"e! "n the per(anent teeth per"o!&
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ORTHODONTICS= TERMSORTHODONTICS= TERMS
Ter(s to e5p)a"n the #orre)at"on 'et,een
teeth on upper an! )o,er +a,&
%& O##)us"on: the #orre)at"on 'et,eenteeth
on upper an! )o,er +a, ,here there "shu.e #onta#t 'et,een the teeth&
-& Ma)o##)us"on: the !e1"at"on o teethro( nor(a) o##)us"on ,h"#h "ntru!es(a"n un#t"on o the teeth&
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ORTHODONTICS= TERMSORTHODONTICS= TERMS
Dr& E&H& An.)e !"1"!e! the #orre)at"on
'et,een teeth on upper an! )o,er +a, "ntothree .roups $
a& Netro##)us"on ; )as I An.)e <
'& D"sto##)us"on ; )as II An.)e <: PostNormal
#& Mes"o##)us"on ; )as III An.)e <: Pre
Normal
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ORTHODONTICS= TERMSORTHODONTICS= TERMS
/& O1er+et: hor"onta) .ap 'et,een upper "ns"sa)
"n#"s"1" e!.e to )o,er )a'"a) "n#"s"1" "n the
#entr"# re)at"on +a,s #on!"t"on&
0& O1er'"te: 1ert"#a) .ap 'et,een upper "ns"sa)
"n#"s"1" e!.e to )o,er "ns"sa) "n#"s"1" "n the
#entr"# re)at"on +a,s #on!"t"on&
2& Open '"te: the #on!"t"on ,here there "s a )ost#onta#t spa#e 'et,een upper an! )o,er
teeth "n the #entr"# re)at"on +a,s #on!"t"on&
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ORTHODONTICS= TERMSORTHODONTICS= TERMS
3& Cross '"te: the #on!"t"on ,here one or
so(e teeth are p)a#e! "n the pa)at"na)
or )"n.ua) )o,er teeth& Th"s #on!"t"on"s a)so #a))e! outer cross bite&
4& S#"ssor '"te: the #on!"t"on ,here
upper pa)at"na) poster"or teethprotrus"on"st p)a#e! "n protrus"on
'u##a) )o,er poster"or teeth&
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ORTHODONTICS= TERMSORTHODONTICS= TERMS
Ter(s to e5p)a"n the #orre)at"on 'et,een +a,s to
'as"s#ran"" an! or'"ta) area ;S"(on )"ne<&
%& Ja,s Protrus"on Prota#t"on: the pos"t"on o +a,s
are a )"tt)e '"t to the ront&>pper Ja, Protrus"on $ Ma6s")a Protrus"on
Lo,er Ja, Protrus"on $ Man!"'u)a Protrus"on
$ Pro.nat"on $ Pro.en"
>pper an!Lo,er Ja,s Protrus"on $ B"(a6s")er Protrus"on
-& Ja,s Retrut"onRetra#t"on: the pos"t"on o +a,sare a )"tt)e '"t to the 'a#6&
Lo,er Ja, Retrus"on retra#t"on $ Retro.nat"on
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ORTHODONTICS= TERMSORTHODONTICS= TERMS
Ter(s to e5p)a"n the (a)pos"t"on "n!"1"!ua) teeth&
Th"n.s to (easure an! !"a.nose the (a)pos"t"on
o teeth $
%& The #orre)at"on 'et,een teeth on the sa(e +a,&-& The #orre)at"on 'et,een teeth "n a !"erent +a,&
/& The teeth pos"t"on to,ar! the sa(e teeth "n thesa(e +a,&
0& The a5"s o the teeth to,ar! the a5"s o a)1eo)ar'one&
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ORTHODONTICS= TERMSORTHODONTICS= TERMS
Teeth (a)pos"t"on #an 'e !"a.nose! as o))o, $
%& E)on.as"on e5trus"on supra1ers"on supra##)us"on:
the #on!"t"on ,here the teeth are h".her ro(
o##)us"on )"ne&-& Depress"on "ntrus"on "nra1ers"on "nra#)us"on: the
#on!"t"on ,here the teeth are )o,er#an rea#h
o##)us"on area&
/& Mes"o1ers"on $ The teeth to (es#"a) ro( nor(a)&
0& D"sto1ers"on $ The teeth to !"sta) ro( nor(a)&
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ORTHODONTICS= TERMSORTHODONTICS= TERMS
2& Bu##o1ers"on $ The teeth to 'u##a) ro( nor(a)&
3& Pa)ato1ers"on $ The teeth to pa))at"na) ro( nor(a)&
4& L"n.uo1ers"on$ The teeth to )"n.ua) ro( nor(a)&
7& La'"o1ers"on $ The teeth to )a'"a) ro( nor(a)&8& Trans1erse $ The teeth erupt"on pos"t"on (o1e!
to other teeth area
%9& A6s"1ers"on $ The teeth see(s to (o1e: 'ut the en!
o the roo "s sta* "n one p)a#e
%%& To6s"1ers"on $ The teeth sp"n "n the a5"s: 'ut the en!
o the a5"s are not #han.e&
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GOOD LOCGOOD LOC
THAN YO>THAN YO>
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DENTO FACIALDENTO FACIAL
THE GROWTH ANDTHE GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT
OFOF
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DEFINITIONDEFINITION
Growth is the physicochemical processGrowth is the physicochemical process
found in living matter which manifestfound in living matter which manifest
itself in structure, composition and sizeitself in structure, composition and size
of organism, where there is aof organism, where there is aprogressive complexity increase in size,progressive complexity increase in size,
changes in proportion the entire serieschanges in proportion the entire series
of anatomic and physiologic changesof anatomic and physiologic changes
taking place between the beginning oftaking place between the beginning of
prenatal life and the end of senillity.prenatal life and the end of senillity.
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INFLUENCEDINFLUENCED
FACTORSFACTORS1.1. GENE!"GENE!"
#.#. !NE$N%& '%"($)!NE$N%& '%"($)
* +etabolism* +etabolism
* Endocrine disturbances -ipophyse,hyroidea* Endocrine disturbances -ipophyse,hyroidea
)uprarenalist)uprarenalist
* EE$N%& '%"($)/EN0!$(N+EN* EE$N%& '%"($)/EN0!$(N+EN
* Nutrition* Nutrition
* iseases* iseases
* -abit, culture* -abit, culture2. G$(3- 4%E$N2. G$(3- 4%E$N
5.5. !!(4%!"!!(4%!"
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VARIATIONVARIATION
)-%4E))-%4E)
)!6E)!6E
%GE%GE
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CORELATION OF GROWTHCORELATION OF GROWTH
AND DEVELOPMENTAND DEVELOPMENT
!NE$%"!(N, kids learn to walk!NE$%"!(N, kids learn to walk
!NE$E4ENEN, teeth!NE$E4ENEN, teethexchanging periodexchanging period
!NE$"-%NG%7&E, changes from!NE$"-%NG%7&E, changes from
baby voice to adult voicebaby voice to adult voice
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PHYSIOLOGYCAL CHANGESPHYSIOLOGYCAL CHANGES
IN GROWTHIN GROWTH 4ulp "hamber4ulp "hamber andand $oot "anal$oot "anal, from, from
temporary teeth to permanent teethtemporary teeth to permanent teeth
"hildren8s 7lood Nerves"hildren8s 7lood Nerves, more elastic, more elastic $esorption for temporary teeth8s root$esorption for temporary teeth8s root
in eruption process of permanentin eruption process of permanent
teethteeth )kull for children)kull for children )pongie 7ones)pongie 7ones
9 "ancellous 7one :9 "ancellous 7one : and for %dultand for %dult,,
"ompact 7one 9 "ortical bone :"ompact 7one 9 "ortical bone :
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TEETH GROWTHTEETH GROWTH
here are two kinds of teeth growth here are two kinds of teeth growth
1.1. )omatogenetic)omatogenetic; from one cell; from one cell
become many cells, manage by become many cells, manage by
thyroid, adrenal, gonadthyroid, adrenal, gonad
#.#. +orfogenetic+orfogenetic; from embryo arise; from embryo arise
kinds of organs, manage by &obuskinds of organs, manage by &obus
anterior hipo<seanterior hipo<se
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GROWTH ANDGROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT PERIODDEVELOPMENT PERIOD%.%. 4$EN%%& 4E$!(4$EN%%& 4E$!(
1.1. (vum 4eriod(vum 4eriod; from conception until; from conception until
# weeks,# weeks,
(0=+(0=+ +itosis+itosis i>erentiatei>erentiate 7lastula7lastula Gastrula Gastrula
Ecthodermal, +esodermal, EndodermalEcthodermal, +esodermal, Endodermal
#.#. Embryo 4eriod;Embryo 4eriod; # weeks until ? weeks# weeks until ? weeks
EcthodermalEcthodermal eyes, @aweyes, @aw
+esodermal+esodermal nose, teethnose, teeth
EndodermalEndodermal etcetc
A.A. 'etus 4eriod;'etus 4eriod; # month until 1B month# month until 1B month
eyes, @aweyes, @aw
nose, teethnose, teeth 7aby 7aby
etcetc
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTGROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
PERIODPERIOD7.7. N%%&N%%&
".". 4()N%%& 4E$!(4()N%%& 4E$!(
1. !nfancy 4eriod, from B to A year old1. !nfancy 4eriod, from B to A year old#. "hildhood 4eriod, A years to C years old#. "hildhood 4eriod, A years to C years old
A. 4uberty 4eriod, femaleA. 4uberty 4eriod, female C to 1A years oldC to 1A years old
malemale C to 12 years oldC to 12 years old
2. %dolescence 4eriod,2. %dolescence 4eriod,femalefemale 1A to 1? years old 1A to 1? years old
malemale 12 to #B years old 12 to #B years old
5. +aturity 4eriod, 1? D #B years to CB years old5. +aturity 4eriod, 1? D #B years to CB years old
C. )enility 4eriod, start from CB years oldC. )enility 4eriod, start from CB years old
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GROWTH SIZEGROWTH SIZE
1.1. 'ace 7one Growth'ace 7one Growth#.#. "ranium Growth"ranium Growth
A.A. (s basis "ranii(s basis "ranii
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTGROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS OF BONEPROCESS OF BONE1.1. Endrochondral 9"artilagineus:;Endrochondral 9"artilagineus:;
%t <rst, "artilago grows fast 9the cells%t <rst, "artilago grows fast 9the cells
arise from unde>erentiatedarise from unde>erentiatedmesenchym cell: appositely and thenmesenchym cell: appositely and then
the interstitial is calci<ed on itsthe interstitial is calci<ed on its
centercenter#.#. !ntramembraneus; mesenchym cell!ntramembraneus; mesenchym cell
directly di>erentiated as osteoblastdirectly di>erentiated as osteoblast
and its matrics is calci<edand its matrics is calci<ed
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Elemen pd @ar tulangElemen pd @ar tulang
1. 7E$)!'% 4E$+%NEN1. 7E$)!'% 4E$+%NEN
* osteocyt* osteocyt
* )ubst intercellulair* )ubst intercellulair
* 'ibril dan subst semen* 'ibril dan subst semen
#. 7E$)!'% 4E$+%NEN#. 7E$)!'% 4E$+%NEN
* (steoblast* (steoblast
* (steoclast* (steoclast
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTGROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS OF BONEPROCESS OF BONE
"ranium Growth "ranium Growth
1.1. "alvarium Growth 9Neurocranium:"alvarium Growth 9Neurocranium:
#.#. "ranium 7asis Growth"ranium 7asis Growth
A.A. 'acial Growth 9)planchnocranium,'acial Growth 9)planchnocranium,
0iscerocranium:0iscerocranium:
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTGROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS OF BONEPROCESS OF BONE
7ones which are in "ranium 7ones which are in "ranium
12 splanchnocranium bones/facial bones12 splanchnocranium bones/facial bones
# os maxillaries, # os palatinalis, # os# os maxillaries, # os palatinalis, # oszygomaticum, # os nasalis, # os nasaliszygomaticum, # os nasalis, # os nasalis
conchae inferior, # os lacrimalis, 1 os vomer,conchae inferior, # os lacrimalis, 1 os vomer,
1 os mandibularies.1 os mandibularies.
? neurocranium bones /calvarium bones? neurocranium bones /calvarium bones
1 os frontalis, 1 os occipitalis, # os parietalis,1 os frontalis, 1 os occipitalis, # os parietalis,
# os temporalis, # os spenoidalis, 1 os# os temporalis, # os spenoidalis, 1 os
ethmoidalisethmoidalis
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1.1.
CALVARIUM/NEUROCRANIUCALVARIUM/NEUROCRANIU
MMRelated t !"a#$ G"%t&Related t !"a#$ G"%t&
' ( ) t#*e+ !#,,e" t&a$' ( ) t#*e+ !#,,e" t&a$
S-la$&$"a$#*S-la$&$"a$#*
Adlt0+ Cala"#* +#2e #+ a &al3 &eadAdlt0+ Cala"#* +#2e #+ a &al3 &ead+#2e a$d 1/' 3 !d4 le$,t&.+#2e a$d 1/' 3 !d4 le$,t&.
At t&e a,e 3 56 )7 8 ,"%t&At t&e a,e 3 56 )7 8 ,"%t&
G"%t& d#"et#$G"%t& d#"et#$( A$te"-+te"#"( A$te"-+te"#"
( T"a$+e"+al 9%#de$:( T"a$+e"+al 9%#de$:
( Ve"t#al( Ve"t#al
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;. CRANIUM BASIS;. CRANIUM BASIS
GROWTHGROWTHENDOCHONDRALLY ENDOCHONDRALLY
* )ynchondrosys )phenoethmoidalius* )ynchondrosys )phenoethmoidalius
* )ynchondrosys !nterspenoidalis* )ynchondrosys !nterspenoidalis* )ynchondrosys )phenooccipitalis* )ynchondrosys )phenooccipitalis
MA<OR <AW GROWTH WHEN THEMA<OR <AW GROWTH WHEN THEFIRST PERMANENT MOLAR TEETHFIRST PERMANENT MOLAR TEETH
ERUPTEDERUPTED
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CRANIUM BASIS GROWTHCRANIUM BASIS GROWTH
PICTUREPICTURE
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=. FACIAL GROWTH=. FACIAL GROWTH
9SPLANCHNOCRANIUM:9SPLANCHNOCRANIUM:
Fa#al G"%t& #+ $t de-e$d $Fa#al G"%t& #+ $t de-e$d $
B"a#$ G"%t&B"a#$ G"%t&
T% >#$d+ 3 Fa#al G"%t& ?T% >#$d+ 3 Fa#al G"%t& ?
( Ma@#lla G"%t&( Ma@#lla G"%t&( Ma$d#!la G"%t&( Ma$d#!la G"%t&
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MAILLA GROWTHMAILLA GROWTH
!nFuenced by "ranium 7asis Growth!nFuenced by "ranium 7asis Growth
he position an relation of +axilla he position an relation of +axillatrough calvarium depend on thetrough calvarium depend on the
growth on these suturagrowth on these sutura
* )phenooccipitalis* )phenooccipitalis* )phenoethmoidalis* )phenoethmoidalis
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MAILLA GROWTHMAILLA GROWTH
Ma@#lla #+ $$eted tMa@#lla #+ $$eted t
C"a$#* Ba+#+ !4 ?C"a$#* Ba+#+ !4 ?
)utura 'rontomaxillaries)utura 'rontomaxillaries
)utura 6ygomaticomaxillaries)utura 6ygomaticomaxillaries
)utura 6ygomaticotemporalies)utura 6ygomaticotemporalies
)utura 4terigopalatina)utura 4terigopalatina
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MAILLA GROWTHMAILLA GROWTH
Re+"-t#$ a$d A--+#t#$ P"e++ $Re+"-t#$ a$d A--+#t#$ P"e++ $Ma@#llaMa@#lla
&a--e$ #$ t&e+e a"ea+?&a--e$ #$ t&e+e a"ea+?
uberocity +axillaries uberocity +axillaries 4rocessus 6ygomaticomaxillaries4rocessus 6ygomaticomaxillaries%rcus +axillaries%rcus +axillaries
4rocessus 4alatinus4rocessus 4alatinus 4remaxilla4remaxilla(rbita(rbita$egio Nasalis$egio Nasalis
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MAILLA GROWTHMAILLA GROWTH
STATEMENTSSTATEMENTS
r. ohnr. ohn
%pposition and resorption process on the%pposition and resorption process on thesurface of bone is a remodeling process whichsurface of bone is a remodeling process whichfunction to keep the position and proportionfunction to keep the position and proportionconstantconstant
r. 3aiman and )icherr. 3aiman and )icher
he )uturas8 position are obliHue and not in a he )uturas8 position are obliHue and not in arow, even so the direction of maxilla growthrow, even so the direction of maxilla growthare downward and frontwardare downward and frontward
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MANDIBULA GROWTHMANDIBULA GROWTH
%t Natal 4eriod both mandibula%t Natal 4eriod both mandibula
ramus are still separated byramus are still separated by
)ymphisis)ymphisis
(n the <rst year of birth, there is an(n the <rst year of birth, there is an
active aposition growth on the loweractive aposition growth on the loweredge and surface &ateral +andibulaedge and surface &ateral +andibula
and "ondylus +andibulaeand "ondylus +andibulae
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GROWTH DIRECTIONGROWTH DIRECTION
OF FACIAL SUTURASOF FACIAL SUTURAS
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APPOSITION AND RESORPTION ONAPPOSITION AND RESORPTION ON
MAILLA AND GROWTH DIRECTIONMAILLA AND GROWTH DIRECTION
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MANDIBULA GROWTHMANDIBULA GROWTH
CONDYLUS GROWTHCONDYLUS GROWTH
"ondylus consist of "artylago -yalin covered"ondylus consist of "artylago -yalin covered
by thick and solid <brous membraneby thick and solid <brous membrane
"ondylus grows in two ways "ondylus grows in two ways
1.1. "artilago make an !nterosteum growth"artilago make an !nterosteum growth
further replaced by bonefurther replaced by bone
#.#. %position "artilago growth beneath the%position "artilago growth beneath the
membrane which cover it and then make amembrane which cover it and then make a
bone formingbone forming
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MANDIBULA GROWTHMANDIBULA GROWTH
RESORPTION HAPPEN ON?RESORPTION HAPPEN ON?
'rontal side of $amus +andibulae'rontal side of $amus +andibulae
&ingual side of !ncisivi&ingual side of !ncisivi
&ingual side of 4rocessus alveolaris&ingual side of 4rocessus alveolaris
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MANDIBULA GROWTHMANDIBULA GROWTH
FORMING PROCESS OF MANDIBULA INFORMING PROCESS OF MANDIBULA IN
NATAL PERIOD ?NATAL PERIOD ?
)hort $amus)hort $amus
7lunt %ngulus7lunt %ngulus
=nclear "ondylus and "ollam +andibulae=nclear "ondylus and "ollam +andibulae
"analis +andibularis placed on the lower"analis +andibularis placed on the lower
side closed to 7asis +andibulaside closed to 7asis +andibula
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GROWTH DIRECTIONGROWTH DIRECTION
1.1. %nteropost 9 )agital / 'orward :%nteropost 9 )agital / 'orward :
#.#. -eight 9 0ertical / ownward :-eight 9 0ertical / ownward :
A.A. 3ide 9 ransversal / (utward :3ide 9 ransversal / (utward :
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VERTICAL GROWTHVERTICAL GROWTH
OF THE FACEOF THE FACE1.1. %ction of gravity%ction of gravity
#.#. "hanges of 'ace 7one Growth"hanges of 'ace 7one Growth
* )inus +axillaries* )inus +axillaries* )inus 'rontalies* )inus 'rontalies
* Nasal "avity* Nasal "avity
* Glanoid 'ossa* Glanoid 'ossa
* $amus* $amus
* Gonion %ngle* Gonion %ngle
* )inus )phenoidalis on "ranee basis* )inus )phenoidalis on "ranee basis
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VERTICAL GROWTHVERTICAL GROWTH
OF THE FACEOF THE FACE
A.A. emporary / 4ermanent eeth emporary / 4ermanent eeth
EruptionEruption
2.2. 4rocessus %lveolaries Growth4rocessus %lveolaries Growth
5.5. he e>ect of +astication +uscle he e>ect of +astication +uscle
function to the body of thefunction to the body of themandible and %rcus 6ygomaticcummandible and %rcus 6ygomaticcum
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ANTEROPOST / SAGITALANTEROPOST / SAGITAL
GROWTH OF THE FACEGROWTH OF THE FACE
1.1. uber maxillaries Growth uber maxillaries Growth
#.#. 4yramidali Growth4yramidali Growth
A.A. rigonum $etromolar Growth rigonum $etromolar Growth
%nak*anak%nak*anak ewasaewasa
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GOOD LOC GOOD LOC
THAN YOUTHAN YOU