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ANGLAIS – Phonetics – Phrasal verbs – Staff & Tools – Figures

04/02/16SLEIMAN Emmanuel L2CR : DODIER OrianneANGLAISC. BRANDENBURGER16 pages

Phonetics – Phrasal verbs – Staff & Tools – Figures

A. Phonetics – pages 31-35

We saw last time there were different types of phonetics symbols : vowels, diphthongs and consonants.Those pages are about vowels sounds.The purpose here is to make a relation between how you write it and how you pronounce it but they are other parameters counting which are pure sound and stress factors.

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Plan

A. Phonetics – pages 31-35 I. Prononciation de la graphie « a » II. Prononciation de la graphie « e » III.Prononciation de la graphie « i/y » IV. Prononciation de la graphie « o » V. Prononciation de la graphie « u » VI. Vowels sounds

a. The sound /a:(r)/ and /eǝ(r)/ b. The sound /ǝʊ/ and /o/ c. The sound /ɜ:/ and /ͻ:/

B. Phrasal verbs – pages 79-82 I. Deviner les sens possibles II. Health III. To break in, break into something IV. Break up

C. Staff & Tools – pages 29-30I. Different types of drugsII. The effects of drugsIII. Two words expressions

D. Figures – pages 94-96 I. Conversion tables II. Nombres ordinaux et cardinaux


I. Prononciation de la graphie « a »

Letter « a » : variety of different possibilities of pronunciation Ex : /a:/ shark

• æ → animal, ant, cash, cat, have, valley • a: → ask, calm, car, far, grass, path, rather • ei → able, behave, cradle, gate, make, take • eə → care, declare, fare, prepare • o → wash, what • o: → all, talk, tall, walk, water • **i → palace, passage, voyage, palate, chocolate (** means unstressed syllables)

The stressed syllable is indicated with a 0 and any unstressed syllable will be indicated with a o.

Ex : for “palace”, because the stress pattern is actually 0o, the first syllable is a true value, and the second is a half value.

Rapport entre la graphie et la prononciation : dans la prononciation, en plus du son (pour des mots de 2 syllabesou plus), il faudra chercher un stress pattern. Si la 1ère syllabe tombe sur un accent, et si la deuxième n'est pas accentuée alors la deuxième ne se prononce pas de la même manière que la première. Les demi valeurs concernent souvent e.

II. Prononciation de la graphie « e »

• e → bed, general, hen, pen, shelter, specimen • ə → German, servant • i: → compete, extreme, me, scene • iə → adhere, here, sincere • *eə : → there, where • *a: → clerk, sergeant, Derby, Berkeley • **i → become, begin, restless, semantic, recipe, sesame, simile

III. Prononciation de la graphie « i/y »

• i → hip, pig, sister, skin, tip, wind • ə: → bird, circus, dirty, girl, sir, virtue • ai → bright, child, fly, idle, mild, sight, sign, typhus • aiə → admire, desire, fire, hire, inquire, tired • *i: → machine, police, ski • **i → attic, determine, examine, visit • **ai → Gemini, profile, signify

IV. Prononciation de la graphie « o »

• o → chocolate, hot, lost, office, origin, spot, popular, top • o: → cost, enormous, organ, sort • əu → clothes, hostile, most, no, noble, post, so • ^ → above, brother, colour, front, glove, govern, London, Monday, other, tongue, worry • ə: → word, work, worse, worth • **ə → bacon, doctor, London, sailor, second

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V. Prononciation de la graphie « u »

• ^ → current, custom, duck, must, number, study, suburb • ə: → fur, nurse, Turkey • (j)u → duty, June, mute, sue, sugar, tube • u → bull, bush, butcher, duplicate, full, push, put • uə → cure, pure, sure

Stress pattern :

• London : the pattern would be 0o• Machine o0 • Specimen 0oo • Determine o0o

Il existe toute une variete de prononciations. A partir du moment ou ce n'est plus un monosyllabe, c'est-a-dire qu'il s'agit d'un mot de deux syllabes ou plus, il y aura forcement un accent tonique.

VI. Vowels sounds

a) The sounds /a:(r)/ and /eǝ(r)/

The sound /a:/ like shark The sound /eǝ/ like bear

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Answers : /a:/ car, far, star, car, half, calf, calm, start, /eǝ/ bare, care, dare, stare, square, hare, hair, fair, share

b)The sounds /ǝʊ/ and /o/

/ǝʊ/ like goat /ͻ:/ like dog

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c) The sound /ɜ:/ and /ͻ:/

E

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Exercise 19.1 : Write these numbers out in full. Which of the two vowels sounds they contain ?Write /ɜ:/ or /ͻ:/.

Answers: 1. quarter le son « e »2. thirty le son « e » 3. fourth le son « o » 4. first le son « e » 5. fourteen le son « o »

B. Phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs are basic verbs (cf. to make) which can combine with different prepositions to create completely new verbs, with new meanings phrasal verbs are more commonly used in oral speech.Le phrasal verb est la réunion d'une préposition de base et un verbe de base.

in, out , off, on, down... + get, make, put...

Grâce à la combinaison on fait un verbe nouveau avec un sens nouveau.Remarque : le nouveau verbe peut avoir plusieurs sens.

Example : GET means « obtenir »

get up (se lever) get down to (s'y mettre, passer aux choses serieuses, aller a l'essentiel...) to look forward to (il me tarde de) It is a combination with one or more than one prepositions. At best, one combination has just one meaning. But sometimes a same combination will have different meanings.

Here are some examples :

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What's more, one phrasal verb may have multiple meanings

Example : “Turn off the TV” (eteins la TV) : we can also say “Turn the TV off “. Mais ce n'est pas tout le temps possible. Si je remplace TV par « it », il n'y aura plus qu'une seule possibilite : “Turn it off”.

Un verbe intransitif n'a pas de complément derrière.Un verbe transitif possède un complément derrière.

I- Deviner les sens possibles

It is often possible to understand what a phrasal verb means by looking at its particle. Below, you will see some of the meanings of the six most common particles used with phrasal verb.

Example : eat up : finis ton assiettecome down with : contracter une maladie

Vocabulaire : bout : une crise → a bout of flu : une épidémie de grippe

Remarque : Les phrasals verbs permettent aussi de créer de nouveaux noms et adjectifs

a) UP

• An upward movement (un mouvement vers le haut): We left early, just as the sun was coming up.• An increase, an improvement (une augmentation): Sales have gone up in the past year (les ventes

augmentent).• Completing, endings (concretisation, un projet est mene a terme): We used up all the eggs when we

made the cake. • Approaching (s'approcher): A taxi drew up just as we were thinking of calling one.

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b) DOWN

• A downward movement (mouvement vers le bas): The teacher told the pupils to sit down. • A decrease (une diminution): si les prix diminuent « they will go down ».

That music is too loud! Turn it down! • Completing, endings, stopping (arret definitif): Business was so bad that the shop had to close down.

The factory shot down (s'est definitivement fermee).

c) OUT

• An outward movement, not being inside (un mouvement vers l'exterieur) : Let's eat out this evening. • Excluding (separation): The double glazing helps to shut out the noise. • Completing, doing thoroughly: It took me hours to clean out that room.

d) IN/INTO

• An inward movement (un mouvement vers l'interieur): The spectators poured into the stadium. • Including (une inclusion), being involved: We'd better let her into the secret.

e) OFF

• Movement away, detaching (qui coupe) : We set off at midday. Cut off: coupure au telephone • Preventing entry, separating (qui fait une barriere), not including : They've fenced off their garden to

keep dogs out.

f) ON

• Touching, attaching : I wish you wouldn't put on so much lipstick! • Continuing: He went on talking as if nothing had happened. go on : poursuivre, continuer.

The other particles can often be understood because they have their literal meanings of place or movement. Here are some additional meanings: AWAY = Continuous activity: The secretary kept typing away, ignoring the noise outside.BACK = Returning (le retour): I've given back the tools I borrowed.

Reference to past time: This photo brings back memories of when I was young.THROUGH = Completing, doing thoroughly: I need to think this through before I decide.

''qui va d'un bout a l'autre'', get through

II- Health - page 82

Exercise 56• I keep throwing up : vomir → vomiting • I think I'm coming down with flu (=grippe) (tomber malade de quelque chose) / I'm going down with

flu too. En general on emploie plutôt : « come down with » a la premiere personne et « go down with » a la seconde et troisième personne. → becoming ill, with something not very serious

• I'm fighting off a sore throat (je repousse un mal de gorge) → trying hard to get rid of • I've put my shoulder out (je me suis luxe l'epaule) → dislocated • I can't shake off this cold (se debarrasser de) → get rid of • My ankle has swollen up (enfler, gonfler) → become larger • My nose is blocked-up / bunged up (j'ai le nez bouche) → unable to breathe • I've passed out (s'evanouir) a couple of time recently → fainted

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Exercise 2 : Rewrite the underlined parts of these sentences, using a phrasal verb.

1. I've had a sore throat for a week now - I just can't get rid of it. 2. Meg hadn't eaten anything for 48 hours and so it wasn't surprising that she fainted in the middle of her

gym lesson. 3. The doctors were afraid that the old man wouldn't survive the attack of pneumonia, but amazingly he

recovered and was soon on his feet again. 4. I think I'm just about to get a cold - I feel a bit shivery (j'ai des frissons, je me sens febrile). 5. My thumb (pouce) became bigger after I accidentally hit it with a hammer (marteau). 6. The sea was so rough that many people were vomiting over the side of the ship. 7. People usually write letters of condolence to the relatives of someone who has died. 8. The old lady is in great pain because she has dislocated her hip. 9. After the operation, her sister nursed her until she was completely recovered. 10. How do you think you contracted chicken pox?

Answers:1. shake it off2. she passed out3. to get over : surmonter une difficulté dans un contexte de faible maladie.

Si le pronostic vital est en danger : to pull through (s'en sortir miraculeusement)4. I'm coming down with5. swell up : enfler6. were throwing up7. has passed away8. put out her hip / put her hip out9. cared for10. went down with (tomber malade avec)

Exercise 3 : Match the beginning of each sentence with its endings.

1. Jim's uncle passed for her elderly mother.2. Sonya is fighting down a bit as they get older.3. Rita is kept very busy caring down with flu.4. Mary's ankles swolle off a bout of flu.5. Most people usually slow up during the long flight.6. I think Joe is going away last year.

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Rappel :pass out : faire un malaisepass away : mourircare for : prodiguer des soins


Answers :1. Jim's uncle passed away last year. (L'oncle de Jim est décédé l'an dernier)2. Sonya is fighting off a bout of flu. (Sonya se bat contre un épisode grippal)3. Rita is kept very busy caring for her elderly mother. (Rita prodigue des soins à sa mère qui est âgée)4. Mary's ankle swolle up (enfler) during the long flight.5. Most people usually slow down (ralentissent) a bit as they get older.6. I think Joe is going down with flu. (il est en train d'attraper la grippe)

III. To break in, break into something - page 83

Cela signifie: entrer par effraction, cambrioler un appartement, fracturer une porte etc..

•break in : intransitif (il n'y a pas d'objet)•break into : transitif (il y a un objet après)

Examples:Get a strong front door lock - otherwise anybody could break in. Thieves broke in by smashing a window.Then I saw that somebody had broken into my car and stolen the radio. My car has been broken into six times.

Practice :

1. Match the two halves to make complete sentences a. I never thought anyone would i. been broken into, and I hope it never will.b. He was caught on CCTV. ii. ever be able to break in.c. My flat has never iii. breaking into a parked car.d. He'd used a hammer iv. to break in through the window.e. Apparently, he had actually v. broken into his own house.

Answers.a. I never thought anyone would ever be able to break in.(Jamais je n'avais pensé que quelqu'un pourrait s'introduire par effraction)b. He was caught on CCTV breaking into a parked car.(Il s'est fait piéger par les caméras de surveillance alors qu'il était en train de s'introduire dans une voiture)c. My flat has never been broken into, and I hope it never will.(Mon appartement n'a jamais été cambriolé, et j'espère qu'il ne le sera jamais.)d. He'd used a hammer to break in through the window.(il a sûrement utilisé un marteau pour casser une baie vitrée)e. Apparently, he had actually broken into his own house.

2. Why might someone need to break into their own home ? Because they forgot their keys inside and they locked themselves out.

3. Why are ground-floor apartments sometimes considered to be more dangerous than upstairs ones ?Because it's easier to break into a ground-floor apartment.

• to break in (verb)• a break-in (noun)

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• worn out (adj) : épuisé, exténué• to wear out (verb) : abîmer (pour des chaussures par exemple)

IV. Break up

Pour une relation avec une personne c'est « se casser la figure »Examples :

It's always hard when a marriage breaks up, especially if there are children.After three albums, the band broke up (le groupe s'est séparé) in order to have solo careers. He's just broken up with his girlfriend (il vient de rompre).

Exercise : Complete the meanings with a word or phrase from the brackets: a) If a relationship breaks up, it . [is unhappy/comes to an end]b) If people break up, they . [end a relationship/get divorced]

Answers: a) comes to an endb) end a relationship

Grammar : Which of these are grammatically possible?

a) They broke up: [correct] ils ont rompub) He broke up : [incorrect: il manque un objet]c) He broke up with her : [correct]d) The marriage broke up : [correct] le mariage s'est cassé la figure

Practise : Complete the sentences with one of the subjects below, using each subject only once.

a. broke up in 1985, leaving her to raise two children on her own.b. break up because of personality clashes between members.c. Pat was very depressed after broke up with John.d. The project will focus on why break up and how this can be avoided.e. They were together for four years, but then a year ago broke up.

Answers:a) her marriage d) familiesb) many bands (beaucoup de groupes) e) theyc) she

NB : a break-up means « une rupture »

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her marriage / they / many bands / families / she


C. Staff & Tools

I- Different types of drugs – pages 29, exercise 53

• Drug : drogue ou médicament• Relieve, ease, alleviate, soothe (concerne surtout les lotions...) sont 4 mots signifiant « soulager ».

Answers:1. analgesics 8. anti-coagulants2. diuretics 9. sedatives (des sédatifs)3. stimulants 10. tranquillizers (tranquilisants)4. anti-inflammatory 11. laxatives5. narcotics 12. decongestants6. anti-emetics 13. miracle drugs7. aspirin 14. insulin

15. digatalis (les digitaliques)•swelling: oedème, gonflement, enflement irregular verb: to swell - swolle – swollen noun : swelling

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II- The effects of drugs – page 29 exercise 54

III- Two words expressions

Exercise : Make 15 two-word expressions connected with medicine by combining words from the two lists. Match each expression with the appropriate phrase. Use each word once.

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WARNING : ces mots n’existent pas :

Examinate → to examinProvocate → cause

D. Figures

I. Conversion tables

Temperatures :

-il gèle à 32°F-68°F correspondent à environ 20°Dans la pratique, pour la température on a une fourchette de valeurs en tête

Distances and dimensions :

Les « foot » et « inch » servent pour la taille, quand on a épuisé ces 2 valeurs on fait des ¼ de inch5'6'' : 1,651,80 : 6'2/4''

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Ne l'apprenez pas par cœur elle l'a juste lu avec nous...

II. Nombres ordinaux et cardinaux

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–THE END

– Schedule for next time : Mardi 8 mars : p58 60 Present perfectp 37 39 Phoneticsp 96 98 100 Figuresp 42 44 46 History

Voila c'est fini pour ce ronéo passionnant d'anglais..Big dédicace au CARPACHE et à Ryan l'orga du futur qui nous a fait monté la tempet' au Bazar pour la désinté ! A Jérémy, La grande rousse, la team Vietnam, le G-BAND, Maudus et Laurène, Perry !!! et la team GALA qui me régalent énormément ! Mon tuto F3 qui déchire ! Aux rejetés du CRIT... et aux tutrices de malade Emilie et Julia:):)A Yoann, Clara, Clément, Chabranlette, Seb, Mei: bientôt fini la prépa !!!

Monac !

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