Phosphorus

Marcela Pryclová

Bohumila Vlčková

Discovery

• (1630- 1692) Hamburk

• Germany alchemist

• 1669 – Hennig Brandt, preparation from urine

= „light bearing“

• crystal structure of phosphorus

• Kossel shell structure of phosphorus

light bearing- svítivý

Occurrence

• found in inorganic phosphate rocks

• all living cells- essential element for living organisms

• never found as a free element in nature

inorganic- anorganický

Properties

• non-metalic

• phosphorus forms a waxy white solid

• characteristic smell as garlic

• high reactivity

• three forms: white, red, black

waxy- voskový

Red

• hard, low reactivity, insoluble

• warming white phosphorus, non-poisonous

• safety matches

insoluble- nerozpustnýnon-poisonous- nejedovatýsafety matches- bezpečnostní zápalky

White

• soft

• high reactivity

• self- iqnition

• phosphorescent

• disinfestation

self- iqnition- samovznítitelnýphosphorescent- fosforeskujícídisinfestation- deratizace

Black (metal)

• low reactivity

• insoluble

• conductive

• non-poisonous

conductive- vodivý

Applications• production of fertilizers

• explosives, fireworks, pesticides, toothpaste, detergents

• safety matches

fertilizers- hnojivaexplosives- výbušninyfireworks- ohňostroj

Compounds

• H3PO4- phosphoric acid- electrolyt

• Na3PO4 – cleaning

• Na2HPO4 – foodstuffs industry

• (NH4)2HPO4, NH4H2PO4 – fertilizes

• NH4H2PO4 – fire extinguisher

URL

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus

• http://www.tabulka.cz/prvky/ukaz.asp?id=15