photo i handouts

7/29/2019 Photo I Handouts

1/26


2/26

PhotoI(AR1710)

EdwardStapel

Quickreferenceforsettingupyourdigitalcamera

ThisinformationcanalsobefoundintheIntroductionandChapter1ofyourbook.

EachcameratypeandmodelwillhaveaslightlydifferentMenulayoutandpossibly

differentnamesforthefollowingterms.Pleaseaskforassistanceand/orconsultyour

cameramanualifyouhavetroublemakingthefollowingsettings.

OnYourCamera:

1. CameraMode:SetyourcameratoManualMode:M2. Focus:SetyourcameratoeitherManualFocusMForAutofocusAF.Thisisa

personalchoice,butmostmoderncamerasareeasiertouseinAFmode.

ReasonsforusingbothMFandAFwillbediscussed.

3. ISO:SetyourISOto200or400.Thismaybeanoptionthatyoucansetonyourcamera.Ifnot,itcanbesetintheShootingMenu.

IntheShootingorCameraMenu:

1. ImageQuality:Youhaveacoupleofchoiceshere.IfyourcameraiscapableofcapturingRAWfiles,setyourcameratoRAW+JpegL(Large).Ifyour

cameraisnotcapableofcapturingRAWfiles,setyourcameratoJpegL

(Large).Ifyoulike,youcanjustuseJpegsforourinitialassignmentsasRAW

filesaremuchlarger(takeupmorememory)thanJpegs.

2. WhiteBalance(WB):Fornow,setyourWBtoAuto.Ourinitialassignmentswillbeprocessedasblack-and-whiteimagessowedontreallyneedtoworry

aboutwhitebalancefornow.

IntheSetUpMenu:

1. FormatMemoryCard:Itisimportanttoperformthisfunctionwitheverynewmemorycard.Pleasegetinthehabitofreformattingyourcardsafter

everydownload.However,makesurethatyourimagesarebackedup

BEFOREyoureformat.Reformattingremovesanyartifactsthatmaybeleft

onyourcardfromprevioususage.

2. CleanImageSensor:Itsagoodideatodothisregularlylikeeverytimeyourreformatamemorycard.

IntheCustomSettingsMenu:

1. FileNumberSequence:SetthistoContinuous.Thisallowsthefilenumbersfortheimagesthatyoucreatetocontinuesequentiallyandwillprevent

confusionwithfilenumberduplication.


3/26

IntheCameraorPlaybackorReviewMenu:

1. TurnRevieworAutoReviewoff.ThiswillpreventyourcamerafromautomaticallydisplayingeachshotintheLCDpreviewscreen.Thisalso

conservesbatterypowerandsavestimewhenshooting(especiallyifyouare

photographingviatheLCDwithpointandshootcameras).YoucanalwayspressthePlaybuttontoreviewyourimages.

Whilethesearethemostimportantthingstoset,itsagoodideatofamiliarize

yourselfwithallofyourcamerasmenusandfunctions.

PhotoI(AR1710)

EdwardStapel

CommonFileFormats

Jpegs-.jpgCanbereadbyanycomputer.Compressesyourfilestomakethemmore

mobile.RepeatedlyopeningandsavingofjpegfilesinPhotoshopresultsincompression

witheachsave,whichwilleventuallyresultincompromisedimagequality.

RAWfilesNikon.nef,Canon.cr2,Olympus.orfCanonlybereadbyPhotoshop,

Lightroom,orotherRawreadingsoftware.Doesnotcompressfiles.Giveyouthebest

filecontrols.

Photoshopfiles-.psdCanonlybereadbyPhotoshop.Doesnotcompressyourfile.

Keepsallofyourlayerinfo.

DigitalNegativefiles-.dng-UniversaldigitalnegativefilecreatedbyPhotoshop,

typicallyusedinpostproduction.FunctionslikeaRAWfile.Doesnotcompressfiles.Give

youthebestfilecontrols.

TIFF-.tifCanbereadbyanycomputer.Doesnotcompressyourfiles.Greatfor

printing.


4/26

PhotoI(AR1710)

EdwardStapel

DIGITALIMAGINGWORKFLOWANDFILEMANAGEMENT

Workingdigitallyallowsyoutogeneratealargenumberoffiles.Howyouorganizeand

storeyourfilesisimportant.Belowisalistofstepstohelpyoubetterorganizeyourdigitalworld.Youwillnoticethatthesestepsareoftenredundantinordertobest

protectyourimagesfromaccidentaland/orcatastrophicloss.

1.ImageCaptureTypicallywithacameraorscanner.

2.DownloadingorImporting.

--DownloadorImportyourdigitalphotographsfromyourcamerasmemory

cardtoyourfolderonyourcomputer.Usingacardreadersometimesspeedsupthis

processanddoesntuseyourcamerasbatterypowertotransferfiles(insteadof

captureimages).Backupyourimagesonsomethingreliableyourflashdrive,your

externalharddrive,aCD,oraDVD.Dontleavethingsontheschoolscomputers.

BackupyourimagesBEFOREyoureformatyourmemorycard.

--Importyourscannedimages(fromnegatives,slides,photographs,orotherflat

artwork).Scanningisamoredeliberateprocessthandownloadingdigitalcamera

capturesanditcanbeatime-consumingprocess.Saveeachimport,orrawscan,as

yougo.Backupyourinitialrawscans.

3.Organizeyourimages.UseBridgetoorganizeyourdigitalphotographs.Takethe

timetoorganizeyourshotsitwillhelpyouinthelongrun.

4.ImageEditing.ThisstepincludesalloftheCameraRawandPhotoshopworkthatyoudotoyourimage(s)whetheritbeasimplecroporelaborateimagecombinations(image

editinghasitsownworkflowseeImageEditingWorkflow).

5.Output.Generallyspeaking,thisreferstoprinting.Youwillbeprintingyourfinished

workatadeterminedimagesizeandresolutiononnicequalitypaperwithEpson

pigmentbasedinksinourEpsonprinters.Outputmayalsorefertoavarietyofweb-

basedordigitalpresentationapplicationssuchas:flickr,facebook,tumblr,Powerpoint,

orQuicktimemovies.Essentially,outputisacatchalltermforwhatyoudowithyour

finishedimages.

6.Archiving.Thistermreferstohowyoustoreyourfinishedwork.Printsshouldbe

storedinanarchivalenvironmentsuchasprintsleeves,mats,and/orprintstorage

boxes.YourdigitalfilesshouldbestoredonCDs,DVDs,flashdrives,and/orexternal

harddrives.Protectthesedisksanddrives.Dontstoreyourimagesinonlyoneplace

(likeyourcomputersharddrive).AsImsureyouareaware,computersand

promiscuousflashdrivesaresusceptibletoavarietyofnastythingsthatcaneraseyour

images.


5/26

PhotoI(AR1710)

EdwardStapel

IMAGEEDITINGWORKFLOW

IMPORTYOURPHOTOS1. Connectyourcameraorcardreaderwithmemorycardtoyourcomputer.

2. OpenBridge,gotoFileGetPhotosfromCamera.MakesureyourcameraormemorycardisselectedintheSourcemenu.

3. ConfirmorSelectthefollowingoptions(SeeIllustration):a. Location:selectChoose.NavigatetotheTemporaryStoragedriveOur

classNewFoldertypeYourNameandclickChoose.

b. CustomSubfolder(s):CustomNameTypeindesiredname(ex:Assignment1)

c. RenameFiles:DoNotRenameFilesd. CheckPreserveCurrentFilenameinXMPe. MakesuretoCheckOpeninAdobeBridgef. DonotcheckConverttoDNGorDeleteOriginalFilesg. Optional,butexcellentidea(backupyourfilestoanotherdrivewhileyou

import!):checkSaveCopiesTo:clickChooselocateyourdriveandclick

Choose

4. ClickGetMediaorGetPhotos

OPENINCAMERARAW(*andconverttoblackandwhite*)

1. InBridge,reviewandrate(withStars)yourimages.Selecttheimagesyouwishtoworkon.OpentheminCameraRaw(FileOpeninCameraRaw)

2. *BlackandWhiteconversion:ClickSelectAllintheupperleft.Onthelowerrightwindow,slideDesaturateallthewaytotheleft.(SeeIllustration) *

3. **ClickonthehighlightedtextinthecenterbottomoftheCameraRawwindow.Confirmand/orsetthefollowingWorkflowOptions(SeeIllustration):**

a. Space:AdobeRGB(1998)b. Depth:16Bits/Channelc. Size:(leaveasis)d. Resolution:240pixels/inche. SharpenFor:Nonef. CheckOpeninPhotoshopasSmartObjectsg. ClickOK

4. ***PerformalldesirededitstoimagesinCameraRawincluding:cropping,whitebalance,exposureadjustments,inputsharpening,etc. ***

5. ClickOpenObjecttoopenyourimagesinPhotoshop(andskiptoStep3below)


6/26

WORKINGONSELECTEDIMAGES(thathavealreadybeenimportedtoyourcomputer)

1. OpenBridge.Ifyourimagesareonanexternaldeviceyoushouldtransferthemtotheappropriatefolderonyourcomputerbeforeopeningyourcomputerwillbe

happierifyoudo.

2.

InBridge,reviewandrate(withStars)yourimages.Selecttheimagesyouwishtoworkon.OpentheminCameraRaw(FileOpeninCameraRaw)

3. ***PerformalldesirededitstoimagesinCameraRawincluding:cropping,whitebalance,exposureadjustments,inputsharpening,etc. ***

4. ClickOpenObjecttoopenyourimagesinPhotoshop

5. ***Adjustandassembleyourimage(s).ThisstepincludesanyandallPhotoshopmanipulations:retouching,furthercropping,adjustmentlayers,additionoftext,

collage,paths,masks,etc.***

6. Sharpeningforoutput(asSmartObjects).Yourimagesshouldhaveopenedas

SmartObjects,butifnot,convertbackgroundtoaSmartObject.Sharpenyour

imageusingUnsharpMaskFilter(underFilterSharpen).Besubtlehere:40-80%,

Radius1,Threshold0isagoodstartingpointformostphotographicimagery.

Renamethefilterwiththeamountofsharpeningused.Ifyouarecombiningmore

thanoneimageyoumaywanttoapplysharpeningtoeachimage,orelementwithin

animage.

7. ImageSize.SetyourImageSizeandResolutiontoyourdesiredoutputsize(idealoutputresolutionformostprintingneedsis240-360dpiandformostweb-based

needsis72-150ppi).TochecktheMAXIMUMDocumentSizeatwhichyoucan printyourimageandavoidupsamplinggototheImageSizedialogbox,uncheck

ResampleImage,enterthedesiredResolution,andthelargestDocumentSize

possiblewillappear.Reducingthatsizewillnothurtimagequalityincreasingit

will(ormight).

8. SAVEYOURWORK!!!!Dothisoftenasyougoalong!

9. Outputyourimagesasprintsand/orontheweb.

*Wewillstartthesemesterworkinginblackandwhite.Ifyouareworkingincoloryoumay

skipthisstep.**Typically,youshouldonlyhavetosetthisonce.However,sincewesharethese

computers,pleasegetintothehabitofcheckingthesesettingsregularly.

***Thesestepsinvolvethebulkoftheimageeditingtechniquescoveredinthiscourse.

ThisWorkflowismeanttofunctionasaguidelinewewillspendconsiderabletimegoing

overthesesteps.


7/26


8/26


9/26


10/26

PhotoI(AR1710)

EdwardStapel

POSTPRODUCTIONWORKINGONYOURIMAGES

Typically,youwillopenyourimagesinCameraRawpriortoopeningtheminPhotoshop.SomeofyourimageeditingwillbedoneinCameraRawandsomeinPhotoshop.Many

ofthestepscanbedoneineitherplace.CAMERARAWWORKFLOW

1. FromBridge,openyourimage(s)inCameraRaw

2. Cropandmakeadjustmentsusingthetoolsacrossthetopofthewindow.(ManyofthesecanbedoneinPhotoshopaswell)

3. BasicTab:SetWhiteBalanceandmakeadjustmentstoExposure

4. ContrastCurveadjustment,InputSharpening,Coloradjustments,SplittoningsomeofthesecanalsobedoneinPhotoshop,accordingtoyourspecificneeds

orpreferences.

5. LensCorrectionsallowsforminorcorrectionofdistortionandcolorfringinginyourimages.PleasemakesurethatRemoveChromaticAberrationischecked.

6. SaveImageand/orOpenObjectinPhotoshop.Continueeditingaccordingtoinstructionsbelow.

PHOTOSHOPWORKFLOW

1. Openyourimage(s)inPhotoshop

2. RotateandCropyourimageasneeded.

3. AdjustmentLayers.Theselayersaffectalllayersthatappearbelowthemonthelayerspaletteortheycanbeclippedtospecificlayers.Theyallowyoutogoback

andaltertheeffectstheycreate.MakeanAdjustmentLayerforeachofthefollowing:

a.AdjustoverallimagebrightnessandcontrastusingLevelsorCurves

b.AdjusttheoverallcolorbalanceofyourimageusingLevelsorCurves

4. Retouchyourimageasneededusingtheappropriatetoolontheappropriatelayer(clonestamp,healingbrush,etc.)


11/26

5. Fine-tunelocalareas:adjustlocalareastoimprovebrightness,contrast,color,ofothereffects.

6. Applyfiltersifnecessaryordesired.

7. SAVEYOURIMAGE.ThisisyourmasterPhotoshopfile.Futurealterationswillbemadefromthisversion.

8. Sharpeningforoutput(asSmartObjects).YourimagesshouldhaveopenedasSmartObjects,butifnot,convertbackgroundtoaSmartObject.Sharpenyour

imageusingUnsharpMaskFilter(underFilterSharpen).Besubtlehere:40-

80%,Radius1,Threshold0isagoodstartingpointformostphotographic

imagery.Renamethefilterwiththeamountofsharpeningused.Ifyouare

combiningmorethanoneimageyoumaywanttoapplysharpeningtoeach

image,orelementwithinanimage.

9. Resizeyourimageforspecificuse.SetyourImageSizeandResolutiontoyourdesiredoutputsize(idealoutputresolutionformostprintingneedsis240-360

dpiandformostweb-basedneedsis72-150ppi).TochecktheMAXIMUM

DocumentSizeatwhichyoucanprintyourimageandavoidupsamplinggoto

theImageSizedialogbox,uncheckResampleImage,enterthedesired

Resolution,andthelargestDocumentSizepossiblewillappear.Reducingthat

sizewillnothurtimagequalityincreasingitwill(ormight).

10.SAVEthisversionofyourimagesaswell.Remember:Saveearly,saveoften.


12/26

PhotoI(AR1710)

EdwardStapel

Howtocheckforlargestfilesizeandoptimumresolutionfordigitalimages

IfyourknowledgeabouttheImageSizedialogboxinPhotoshopisalittlehazy,herearesometipsforcheckingyourresolutionatyourdesiredimagesize.

1. OpentheImageSizedialogbox.

2. Lookatyourfilesize,orPixelDimension(Mformegabytes),DocumentSize(inches),andResolution(Pixels/Inch).

3. Toseehowlargeyoucanmakeyourimagesizeatyourdesiredoutputresolution(usually72-150ppiforwebusageand240-360ppiforprinting)UNCHECK(turn

off)ResampleImageandtypeinyourdesiredoutputresolution.YourDocument

Sizewillchange,yourFileSizewillnot.ThisDocumentSizeisthelargestthat

youcanprintwithoutsufferingfromresolutionand/orpixelationissues.

4. Remember:formostprintapplications,thereisvirtuallynodifferenceinprintqualitybetween240dpiand360dpi.So,instep3,if360ppiisntgivingyouthe

imagesizeyouwant,try300ppi,or240ppi.

Thereisnogettingaroundlowresolution;itissomethingthathastobeaddressedwhen

youinitiallycreateyourimage(incamera,viascanner,etc.).Thisisthereasonwhy

imagesdownloadedfromwebsitesaretypicallynotsuitableforprintingthemajority

ofthemareat72ppi,regardlessofimagesize,inordertokeepthefilesizesmallenoughtomovethemaroundtheweb.

Remember:GARBAGEIN,GARBAGEOUT


13/26


14/26

PhotoI(AR1710)

EdwardStapelSometipsonhowtoreducethesizeofyourfiles(images,photographs)andwhy

ThePhotoshopsettingsdiscussedinthisseriesofhandoutshavebeendevisedtogiveyoutheoptimum(best,biggest,largest)fileforPrinting.Inthiscase,optimumrefers

tothemaximumamountofinformationthatcanbekeptwithyourfilesasweproceed

towardmakingaprint.Whenweprintourphotographs,itisbesttohaveasmuch

informationaspossibletoproducethebestprintpossible.

However,muchofwhatwenowrefertoasphotographyexistsontheInternet.As

such,wedontalwaysneedthemaximumamountofinformationpossible,butrathera

specificminimumamount.TogetourimagestotravelnicelyontheInternet,weneed

themtobesmaller(insomecases,MUCHsmaller).Inthiscase,optimumisNOTthe

maximumamountofinformationavailable,itisanintentionallyreducedfilesizethat

willmaintaintheappropriateamountofinformationforourneeds.

Whatfollowsaretipsonhowcreateanoptimumsmallfile.

Tip1:Shift-OpenObjectinCameraRaw

Whenyoudouble-clickyourimagesinBridge,oropentheminPhotoshop,theywillfirst

openinCameraRaw.AfteryouhavemadeyourdesiredadjustmentsinCameraRawyou

canholddowntheShiftkeyandclickOpenObject.Thiswillopenyourimage(s)in

PhotoshopasaBackgroundLayerratherthanasaSmartObjectwhichresultsina

smallerfilesize.

Tip2:ReduceyourImageSizeand/orResolution

IfyouknowthatyouwillbeusinganimageinPowerpoint,Keynote,oraweb-based

application(email,facebook,flickr,tumblr,etc.)thenyoushouldresizeyourimage

accordinglyintheImageSizedialogbox.Todothis,gotothetopofyourPhotoshop

window,selectImageImageSize.Yourspecificwebneedsmayvary,butasuggested

startingpointisanimagewithalongdimensionof1215at72or150ppi.These

settingswillgiveyouanimagethatwilltravelnicely(yetprobablywontprintverywell

ifsomeonetriestodownloadit).Tomakethesechanges,firsttakenoteofyourPixel

Dimension(thisisthesizeofyourfileinmegabytesM).Next,makesurethat

ResampleImageison(checked).Thenchangethewidthand/orheightandresolutioninDocumentSize.Again,noteyourPixelDimensionitshouldgetsmaller.Savethis

versionofyourimagewithadifferentnameorextensiontokeepitseparatefromyour

originalfile.


15/26


16/26


17/26

PhotoI(AR1710)

EdwardStapel

Astopisastopisastop...(seep.98)

Standardf/stops:1.422.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32(seep.56)

Goingfromoneaperturetothenextbiggest(smallernumber)letsintwiceas

muchlight(ie:5.6to4).

Goingfromoneaperturetothenextsmallest(biggernumber)letsinhalfas

muchlight.(ie:8to11)

ShutterSpeeds:24 8 15 30 60 125 250 5001000

(seep.84)

Goingfromonespeedtothenextlowestletsintwiceasmuchlight(ie:60to30).

Goingfromonespeedtothenexthighestletsinhalfasmuchlight(ie:60to

125).

ISO: 100 200 400 800 1600 3200640012800

(seep.101)

Smallernumber=lesslight-sensitive=slower(alsolessnoise)

Biggernumber=morelight-sensitive=fasterfilm(alsomorenoise)

GoingfromonespeedtothenexthighestspeedgivesyouanISOthatistwiceas

fastandtwiceaslight-sensitive(ie:200to400).

Goingfromonespeedtothenextlowestspeedgivesyouafilmthatishalfas

fastandhalfaslight-sensitive(ie:800to400).

Thetermstopisequivalentforeachoftheabovesettings.ChangingISOfrom200to

400isequivalenttochangingtheshutterspeedtoonestopfasterorclosingthe

apertureonestop.

ForExample:

ISO200shotat1/60@f/4isequalto

ISO400shotat1/125@f/4

isequalto

ISO400shotat1/60@f/5.6


18/26

PhotoI(AR1710)

EdwardStapel

Basicguidelinesforbasicsettings...

Landscapes:Usuallyalargedepthoffieldisdesiredforlandscapephotographsrequiringtheneedforsmallapertures---f/11,f/16,f/22

Portraits:Usuallyasmallerdepthoffieldisdesiredinordertoisolatethesubjectfrom

thebackground---f/2,f/2.8,f.4

Freezingmotion:Requirestheuseoffastshutterspeeds---1/250,1/500,1/1000,or

higher

Blurringmotion:Requirestheuseofslowershutterspeeds---1/15,1/8,1/4,orslower,

includingtheBulb(B)setting

Brightsunnyscenes:Requiresbothfastshutterspeedsandsmallapertures(bigf/

numbers

Lowlightorindoorscenes:Requiresbothslowshutterspeedsandbigapertures(littlef/

numbers)

Basiccompositionalelements...

Ruleofthirds:Placesubjectoff-centerinframe,eitherleftorrightortoporbottom

Horizonline:Avoidputtinghorizonlineinthecenteroftheframe,tryabovecenterto

bringmoreemphasistoforegroundorbelowcentertobringemphasistosky

PerspectiveorPointofView:Tryshootingyoursubjectfromaboveorbelowasopposed

toeyelevel

Background:Beawareofelementsinthebackgroundofyourimagesthatmaydistracttheviewerfromyoursubject

Framing:Bringattentiontoyoursubjectbyframingitwithotherelements

Line:Theeyewillfollowthelinesofelementswithinyourimage,usethistobring

attentiontoyoursubject

ShapeandPattern:Repeatedshapesandpatternscancreateinterestinggraphic

elementsinyourimages

LightandDark:Usecontrastingareasoflightanddarkand/orrakinglightto

emphasizespecificsubjects


19/26


20/26

PhotoI(AR1710)

EdwardStapelPrintingInstructions

Pleasefollowtheseinstructionswhenmakingprints.Theprintersweusearesophisticatedprofessionalprinters.Theinstructionsforhowtousethemmayseemcomplexatfirst,but

willmakesensewithexperience.Illustrationsareattachedtohelpexplainthesteps.

1.File Print(P)Beforeyouprintyourimagesmakesurethatyouhavesizedthemappropriatelyin

Photoshop(ImageImageSize).Wewillbeusing8.5x11paper(USLetter).Thispaper

hasaprintableareathatisroughly8x10.Pleasemakesureyourimageissizedinside

thesedimensionsataresolutionof240ppi360ppi.Afteryourimageisproperlysizedgoto

FilePrint(Illustration1).

2.PhotoshopPrintSettingsInthePhotoshopPrintSettingswindowconfirmthefollowing(Illustration2):

Confirmthecorrectprinterisselected

VerticalorHorizontallayout

ColorHandling:PhotoshopManagesColor

PrinterProfile:Pro38PLPP

MakesureSend16-bitDataischecked(ifyouareprintingan8-bitfile,thisoption

maynotbeavailablethisisOK)

Confirmothersettingtomatchillustration

3.ClickPrintSettings

ClickthePrintSettings.button(Illustration3) Confirmthatthecorrectprinterisselected

ForPresetsuseDefaultSettings(unlessacustomsettinghasbeencreated)

ConfirmPaperSize(8.50by11inches)

4.Change/ConfirmPrintSettings

ClickLayoutandthenClickPrintSettingsfromtheDropMenu(Illustration4)

Check/Confirmthefollowing(Illustration5):

SelectMediaType:UltraPremiumPhotoPaperLuster

Check16bit/Channel(ifavailable)

PrintQuality:Superfine1440dpi

CheckHighSpeed DonotcheckFlipHorizontal

CheckFinestDetail

ThenclickSave

5.Print!(finally)(Illustration6)

ReviewyoursettingsandclickPrint


21/26


22/26


23/26


24/26


25/26


26/26

photo i handouts

Documents