Photo © Jared Bloch / ICBL-CMC, June 2014

Landmine Monitor 2014(Presentations, December 2014)

Overview

•Landmine use remains isolated. •New casualties have dropped dramatically.•Clearance completion feasible for most states within 5 years with proper commitment and resource use. •Victim assistance shows progress; good starting point for Maputo Action Plan in next 5 years.•International support for mine action dipped.

Landmine Monitor 2014

Main sections:

• Landmine Ban Policy • Mine Action – Contamination and Clearance• Casualties and Victim Assistance• Funding Support

The Mine Ban Treaty - Status

• There are 162 States Parties and one signatory to the Mine Ban Treaty.• US policy changes in 2014 include aim to eventually accede.

Photo © Ban Landmines Campaign Nepal (NCBL), April 2014

Landmine use

• Yemen admitted a violation of use ban occurred in 2011 – first confirmed State Party to use landmines after joining Mine Ban Treaty.

• Antipersonnel landmines were used in Syria, Myanmar (although declining in Myanmar) and break-away area Nagorno-Karabakh – all not party to the treaty.

Photo © Ole Solvang, Human Rights Watch, July 2014

• Evidence of landmine use and presence of stocks in Ukraine, but as of October 2014 not possible to determine whether used and by whom.

Landmine use by NSAGs

• Non-state armed groups (NSAGs) used antipersonnel mines or victim-activated improvised explosive devices in Afghanistan, Colombia, Libya, Myanmar, Pakistan, Syria, and Yemen.

• This is one fewer (Tunisia) than reported in previous Monitor.

Stockpiles, production, and transfer

Stockpiles and stockpile destruction•88 States Parties have destroyed 48 million mines over time, including more than 1 million in 2013.•More than 9 million await destruction by 6 States Parties. Belarus, Greece, and Ukraine remain in violation of the treaty.•Major updates in two states not party: China stockpiles fewer than 5 million mines (down from long-standing estimate of 110 million); and the United States some 3 million (compared to earlier-reported 10 million)

Production and transfer•Only 11 identified as producers, with as few as 4 active (India, Myanmar, Pakistan, and South Korea). US removed from producer list.•Low level of illicit and unacknowledged transfers appears to continue.

Mine Action

Photo © Till Mayer / Handicap International, November 2013

Contamination

Africa Americas Asia-PacificEurope, the

Caucasus, and Central Asia

Middle East and North

AfricaAngolaChadDRCEritreaEthiopiaMauritaniaMozambiqueNigerSenegalSomaliaSouth SudanSudanZimbabweSomaliland

Argentina*ChileColombiaCubaEcuadorPeru

AfghanistanCambodiaChinaIndiaLao PDRMyanmarNorth KoreaPakistanSouth KoreaSri LankaThailandVietnam

ArmeniaAzerbaijanBiHCroatiaCyprusGeorgiaKyrgyzstanRussiaSerbiaTajikistanTurkeyUnited Kingdom (UK)*UzbekistanKosovoNagorno-Karabakh

AlgeriaEgyptJordan**IranIraqIsraelLebanonLibyaMoroccoPalestineSyriaYemenWestern Sahara

Note: States Parties to the Mine Ban Treaty are indicated in bold; other areas are indicated by italics

Some 56 states and four other areas were confirmed to be mine-affected as of October.

Clearance of landmines

• At least 185km2 of mined areas were cleared in 2013—less than the at least 200 km2 in 2012—destroying almost 275,000 antipersonnel mines and 4,500 antivehicle mines.

• The largest total clearance of mined areas in 2013 was achieved in Afghanistan, Cambodia, and Croatia (75% of recorded clearance).

• In 2013, three States Parties formally declared completion of clearance of all known mined areas: Bhutan, Hungary, and Venezuela. Burundi completed clearance of its suspected mined areas in April 2014.

• As of October 2014, 28 states and one other area have declared themselves cleared of mines since the treaty entered into force in 1999.

Clearance of landmines (continued)

Africa Americas Asia-Pacific

Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia

Middle East and North

AfricaDRCEritreaEthiopiaMauritaniaMozambiqueNigerSenegalSouth Sudan*Sudan*ZimbabweSomaliland

Argentina**ChileColombiaCubaEcuadorPeru

ChinaIndiaPakistanSouth Korea*Sri Lanka

ArmeniaCroatiaCyprus*Georgia*KyrgyzstanRussiaSerbiaTajikistanTurkey*UK**UzbekistanKosovoNagorno-Karabakh

AlgeriaEgyptJordanIranLibyaMoroccoPalestineYemen*Western Sahara

Within the next five years, 24 States Parties and 16 states not party as well as three other areas are fully capable of completing clearance.

* Clearance subject to adequate security and control of territory, but all mined areas under effective control can be cleared (or have been cleared, such as in the case of Cyprus)

** Without prejudice to the sovereignty dispute between Argentina and the UK on the Malvinas/Falkland Islands, if the UK clears the islands in accordance with its international obligations, Argentina’s legal obligations under Article 5 will also be complete0

CasualtiesIn 2013, a global total of 3,308 casualties were recorded, a 24% decline compared with the total of 4,325 in 2012.

Number of mine/ERW casualties per year (1999-2013)

Casualties (continued)

• Casualties were identified in 52 states and three other areas in 2013, of which 34 are States Parties to the Mine Ban Treaty.

• The vast majority of recorded landmine/ERW casualties (79%) were civilians.

• Afghanistan, Cambodia, and Colombia continued steady declines. In Syria, a state not party to the convention, casualties due to landmines/ERW more than tripled in 2013

• The 31 States Parties with significant numbers of mine/ERW casualties have reported between 226,000–358,000 landmine survivors over time through 2013.

Victim assistance

Photo © RAVIM-Mozambique

Victim assistance coordination

• Approximately two-thirds of States Parties had active coordination mechanisms and relevant national plans.

• In nearly all States Parties, survivors were participating in decisions that affect their lives and in the implementation of services—although in many countries, their participation must be better supported, especially in coordination roles.

• New Committee on Victim Assistance has mandate to support States Parties in implementing victim assistance and to raise the needs and rights of victims in other relevant frameworks.

• Members of the international community took important steps to strengthen ties between disarmament, human rights, and development efforts.

Equal Basis report

Funding and Support

• Donors and affected states contributed approximately US$647 million in international and national support for mine action in 2013, a decrease of $34 million (5%) from 2012.

• Five mine action donors—the US, Japan, Norway, the EU, and the Netherlands—accounted for 65% of all donor funding.

• A total of 47 states and three other areas received support from 31 donors.

© Lucy Pinches / ICBL-CMC, June 2014

Mine Ban Treaty envoy Princess Astrid of Belgium meets with ICBL campaigners from Southeast Asia at the Third Review Conference of the Mine Ban Treaty in Maputo, Mozambique

International support

International assistance in 2013 was $446 million, a decrease of almost $51 million from 2012.

International support for mine action by year

National and peacekeeping operations funding

• Eighteen affected states provided $201 million in national support for their own mine action programs, an increase of $17 million compared with 2012.

• In addition to those contributions, appropriations from the UN General Assembly for mine action within 11 peacekeeping operations provided $150 million in 2013, an increase of 33% compared with 2012.

Additional resources

• Country profiles

• Factsheets, Reports, Tables

• Landmine and Cluster Munition Blog landmineandclustermunitionblog.wordpress.com

• ICBL website www.icbl.org

Thank you!

Visit us: www.the-monitor.org

monitor@icblcmc.org

@MineMonitor@minefreeworld

Photo © Ngo Xuan Hien/Project RENEW, August 2012