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Page 1: Photographic Compositionacpathway.weebly.com/uploads/3/0/2/6/30261041/photography-com… · Photographic composition is the pleasing arrangement of subject matter elements within

Photographic Composition –

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Photographic composition is the pleasing arrangement of subject matter elements within the picture area

The camera sees and records only a small

isolated part of the larger scene, reduces it to only two dimensions, frames it, and freezes

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Composition

Composition is the selection and arrangement of objects in the picture area.

A well composed photograph is more attractive and pleasing to the viewer.

There are 6 guidelines to follow to get well-composed photographs.

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Composition

1. Simplicity

2. Rule of Thirds

3. Lines

4. Balance

5. Framing

6. Mergers

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Simplicity

• Focus on 1 Subject

• Have a Simple Background

• Place the Subject Slightly Off Center

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Simplicity

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Simplicity

Compare the simple photo on the left...

…with the busy photo on the right.

Which one do you prefer?

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Simplicity

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Simplicity

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Simplicity

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How are photographic composition skills developed?

o You look, o You study o You practice.

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Think through your Camera

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Analyze various media o Motion pictures, o Television, o Magazines o Books and newspapers,

!valuate what you see What is good about this picture or that TV image?

What is bad about it?

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SUBJECT PLACEMENT o Principle of Third

In the principle of thirds, the intersection of lines that divide the picture area into thirds are marked by O’s.

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Rule of Thirds• Divide the picture area like a tic-tac-toe board and place the subject at one of the intersections.

• Place horizons high or low in the picture. Rarely should horizons be in the middle.

• Give moving subjects room to move in the picture.

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Rule of Thirds

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Rule of Thirds

Subject

Placed in

Lower Right

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Rule of Thirds

Have a strong center of interest

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Rule of Thirds

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Rule of Thirds

Horizons

High or Low

Subject in

Lower Left

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Rule of Thirds

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Rule of Thirds

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Rule of Thirds

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Rule of Thirds

The boat has room to move in this picture.

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Rule of Thirds

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Principle of Third

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Principle of Third

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Principle of Third

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Principle of Third

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Principle of Third

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Dynamic symmetry

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Dynamic symmetry

o Symmetrical, or formal, balance in a photograph is achieved when elements on both sides of the picture are of equal weight . !

o Symmetrical pictures, in which both presumed to be approximately equal.

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Balance

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Balance

Having good balance can help to prevent having a picture that looks lopsided. Provide objects and shapes on either side of the picture to compliment each other. Also provide visual support to objects that need it.

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Balance

The wheel has visual support on both sides of the picture.

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Balance

In this picture the wheel on the right is not in the picture and the Wheel lacks support.

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Balance

The Bison on the right balances the people on the left.

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Balance

The Bison on the right balances the people on the left.

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Aspects of Balance

o An object far from the center of the picture seems to have more weight than one near the center.

o Objects in the upper part of a picture seem heavier than objects of the same size in the lower part of a picture.

o Isolation seems to increase the weight of an object. o Intensely interesting objects seem to have more

compositional weight. o Regular shapes seem to have more weight than

irregular shapes. o Elements on the right side of an asymmetrical picture

appear to have more weight than elements of the same size on the left side of the picture.

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SymmetricalAsymmetrical

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Framing

• Use Foreground Objects to Highlight the Subject and Give the Picture Depth

•Pictures of Scenery should have a foreground and background. Provide some visual depth to the picture.

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Framing

The trees in the foreground provide a frame for the mountain in the background. Also, the mountain has been placed in the upper left corner to meet the rule of thirds.

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Framing

This photograph does not have a lot of framing but it has an obvious foreground, middle ground and background.

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Framing

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Framing

Overhanging branches and plants in the foreground provide a frame for the lake and trees. The person has been placed in the lower right.

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Framing

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Framing

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Framing

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Framing

This photograph does not have a lot of framing but it has an obvious foreground, middle ground and background.

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Fill the frame

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MergersMergers are something to avoid!

• A merger could be a background object that interferes with the subject...

• or an object that is too close to the subject that takes attention away from the subject.

• A border merger is when people’s heads or feet are cut off at the edge of the picture.

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MergersIn the picture on the left the tree in the background appears to be coming out of the person’s head. This is a merger that can be avoided by simply moving your vantage point.

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MergersA common mistake when photographing large groups of people is to not fit everyone in the picture. This results in people being cut off. This is a Border Merger.

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Mergers

Balloon Head? Much Better!

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Lines

• Use Dynamic Lines to Make the Picture Interesting

• Use Leading Lines to Draw attention to the Subject

• The S-curve is a popular line used in photos.

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Lines

o A mark made by a moving point. o Has greater length than width. o Directs the eye – horizontal, vertical,

diagonal, curvy, zigzag, etc

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Lines

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Lines

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Lines

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Lines

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Lines

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Lines

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Lines

S-Curve

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Lines

S-Curve

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Lines

Leading Lines

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Lines

Leading Lines

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Lines

Leading Lines

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Lines

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Lines

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Lines

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Cropping

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Composition

Remember, these are guidelines, not Rules.

!You may only use 1 or 2 of these guidelines at a time. Try them and see if your photos improve.

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!Tone is probably the most intangible element of composition

TONETone may consist of shadings from white-to-gray-to-black !The use of dark areas against light areas is a common method of adding the feeling of a third dimension to a two-dimensional black-and-white picture. !Tones are mostly light and airy, the picture portrays lightness, joy, or airiness.

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EMPHASIS or Focal Point

Emphasis in a composition refers to developing points of interest to pull the viewer's eye to important parts of the body of the work.

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Example of digital refocusing

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Pattern

o Pattern can help echo the character of a photo

o Catching attention n Slight variation in a pattern n Random patterns n Pattern in common places

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Pattern

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Texture!

o How an object feels, or how it looks like it feels.

o Rough, smooth, bumpy, gooey, sharp, etc.

o Adds interest! Sense of sight and sense of touch involved.