Photography Content Standard 6.0: UNDERSTAND LIGHT SOURCES

Performance Standard 6.1: Understand properties of color and quality of light

Felling 2018

PHO 6.1.1Describe the difference between the additive and subtractive color systems

https://youtu.be/ygUchcpRNyk

http://www.worqx.com/color/color_systems.htm

6.1.1

Q: The K in the color mode CMYK refers to what tone?A: Black

Q: When are CMYK (or subtractive color systems) most often used? A: Color printing

Q: In an additive color system, when pure red, yellow, and blue are equally mixed what is the result?A: White

PHO 6.1.2Explain the importance of the color temperature of light to the appearance of colors in an image

https://www.bhphotovideo.com/explora/photography/tips-and-solutions/understanding-white-balance-and-color-temperature-digital-images

6.1.2

Q: Fluorescent, tungsten, or LED lights will create different color ___________ in a photograph.A: Temperature

Q: __________refers to the degrees (in Kelvin) of a light source.A: Color Temperature

PHO 6.1.3Explore various color spaces

https://www.slrlounge.com/breakdown-color-spaces-really-grasp/

6.1.3

Q: Is a printer capable of creating more color combinations than a computer monitor? A: No

Q: A color space simply describes the range of colors, or gamut that a camera can see, a printer can print, or a monitor can display. Q: Which color space has the largest range of colors?A: Pro Photo RGB

Performance Standard 6.2Utilize Ambient Lighting Techniques

PHO 6.2.1 & 6.3.1 Set white balance to match light sourcehttps://www.bhphotovideo.com/explora/photography/tips-and-solutions/reconciling-mixed-white-balance-scenarios

http://support-th.canon-asia.com/contents/TH/EN/8201031500.html

6.2.1

Q: When taking pictures on a cloudy day, you might get a blue tint to your images. To prevent this, what setting on your camera should you use?A: White balance

Q: If you take a photo in the school gym, you will most likely get a yellow tint to the image from the lights. The camera setting you can use to prevent this would be_____________.A: White balance

Q: What does setting the white balance do? A: Removes unrealistic color casts, so that objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo

PHO 6.2.2Create photographs using direct, indirect, reflective, and diffused ambient light

http://www.digital-photo-secrets.com/tip/2099/direct-and-indirect-light/

https://www.parabolixlight.com/indirect-vs-directlighting?lightbox=dataItem-ijjmta2p

6.2.2

Q: Generally speaking, the smaller the light source, the __________ the light.A: Harder

PHO 6.2.3 Manipulate and control existing light with light modifiers

https://digital-photography-school.com/a-beginners-guide-to-light-modifiers/

6.2.3

Q: Which kind of reflector would be best to use if you want to change the color temperature of the shot?A: Gold

Q: Which kind of reflector would be best to use in a low light situation? A: Silver

PHO 6.2.4 Demonstrate knowledge of how environmental conditions affect the quality of light and its effects on the subjecthttps://www.popphoto.com/gallery/top-10-photography-lighting-facts-you-should-know#page-6

http://soul-foto.ru/photo_books/Neil%20van%20Niekerk.%20Direction%20and%20Quality%20of%20Light.%20Your%20Key%20to%20Better%20Portrait%20Photography%20Anywhere.%202013.pdf

6.2.4Q: The sun as your main light should not be shining in the model's eyes and should not be shining directly into the camera lens. The best condition for outdoor portraits is to shoot in ________________.A: Open/partial shade

Q: When a subject is not lit, but is placed against a brightly lit background, the effect is called a ___________.A: Silhouette

Q: Side light emphasizes ___________.A: Texture

Q: How does one create a low-key portrait?A: Subject wears dark clothes against a dark background

PHO 6.2.5 Practice balancing ambient and artificial light sources

https://www.digitalphotomentor.com/balancing-flash-and-natural-light/

https://www.slrlounge.com/looking-at-the-basics-of-balancing-natural-light-with-flash/

6.2.5

Q: In a studio portrait, in order to separate the subject from the background, the ________ light is necessary.A: Hair/Rim

Q: Name three alternative terms for the Back light: A: Hair light, Rim light, Kicker

Q: What is the effect of using a rim light? A: The light is placed so that the rim or edge of the subject is lit from behind

PHO 6.3.2 Demonstrate traditional studio portrait lighting set-ups (e.g., split, loop, Rembrandt, butterfly/Paramount, short, broad)

http://www.visico.com/NewsDetail_NewsId85.htm

https://youtu.be/gmmZECtP3oM

6.3.2

Q: Which studio portrait lighting pattern creates a small shadow under the nose (also referred to as a "Beauty Light")? A: ButterflyQ: This lighting pattern creates a dramatic effect with a small triangle of light on the shadow side of the face:A: RembrandtQ: This lighting pattern is most often used with male subjects, and is commonly paired with a weak fill light to accentuate the shadow-side highlight. A: RembrandtQ: Which studio portrait lighting pattern is often used with female subjects with strong cheekbones? A: ButterflyQ: What portrait lighting pattern has a small shadow that extends from the side of the nose? A: LoopQ: Which of the studio lighting patterns gets its name because of its similarity to classic painting techniques?A: Rembrandt

PHO 6.3.3 Adjust lights to achieve specific lighting ratioshttps://photography.tutsplus.com/tutorials/high-key-low-key-an-introduction-to-lighting-ratios--photo-14768https://digital-photography-school.com/lighting-ratios-to-make-or-break-your-portrait/

https://youtu.be/Lbv69Um_FcE

6.3.3Q: In standard three-point lighting, what is the primary light source called?A: Key light

Q: In standard three-point lighting, which light is used to minimize shadows?A: Fill light

Q: When referring to the studio lighting Ratios (ie. 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, etc.) which of the number refers to the key light? A: The first one

Q: Name three ways to change light ratios in a studio setting: A: Change the intensity of the key and fill lights, Change the distance from the subject to the key and/or fill lights, Change the modifiers like the soft box and umbrella

PHO 6.3.4 Demonstrate proper use of a handheld light meter

https://youtu.be/tX0RNHk1Ycs

6.3.4Q: A reflected light meter measures: A: The light reflected from the subject

Q: An incident meter measures what? A: The light that falls on the subject

Q: The most accurate way to measure the light in a controlled studio is _____________.A: With a handheld incident light meter

Q: The proper way to use an incident light meter is to hold the light meter out in front of the camera and press the meter button. What should you do next? A: Read the meter results and set your camera's shutter and aperture to match the meter

PHO 6.3.5 Utilize light modifiers to adjust the quality of light http://weddingphotography.com.ph/7195/top-10-photography-light-modifiers-for-creative-portraits/

6.3.5

Q: What quality of light is best suited for studio portraits? A: Diffused

Q: Using a Diffuser/ Filter on a light or strobe would result in ______ Light.A: Soft

Q: How do you set up a reflector umbrella? A: The inside of the umbrella should face your subject

PHO 6.3.6 Explain and utilize correct sync speedhttps://www.bhphotovideo.com/explora/photography/tips-and-solutions/sync-speed-versus-flash-duration

https://youtu.be/LWF-tEAK5e0

6.3.6

Q: It takes the average focal plane shutter in a camera about 1/200 second to travel down the height of the sensor. Since a studio strobe (flash) is instantaneous, you have to make sure your shutter is all the way open when your flash fires. If not, what will be the result? A: A black bar will appear

Q: In order to avoid having your shutter not completely open when the studio strobe (flash) goes off, you need to shoot at, or below your flash synchronization speed. What is that shutter speed for an average focal plane shutter? A: 1/200

6.3.7 Demonstrate the proper use of on or off-camera flash

https://youtu.be/ZbyajbveZpwDemonstration video

https://profoto.com/us/profoto-stories/whats-the-difference-between-on-and-off-camera-flash

6.3.7Q: "Red-eye" is caused by: A: Light reflecting back from the retina of your subject

Q: Firing the on-camera flash at the same _________ as the lens results in a very dull and flattened image.A: Angle

Q: Most photo gigs, including concerts and sporting events, don't allow you to use a flash, as it annoys the band, distracts the fans and ruins the lighting designer's hard work. Instead, what can you do to get a good exposure in a low light situation?A: Widen your aperture, Slow down your shutter speed, Increase your ISO

Q: On-camera direct flash usually produces photos that are ______and ______________.A: Flat & without texture

Q: Can a flash be used to stop action?A: Yes

PHO 6.4.2 Demonstrate proper use of electrical cords and equipmenthttps://www.lifewire.com/keeping-safe-with-a-camera-493774https://www.thephoblographer.com/2011/04/01/the-phoblographers-checklist-on-how-to-not-kill-yourself-in-a-photo-studio/

6.4.2

Q: If the camera feels hot, begins to malfunction, or begins smoking, what should you do? A: Immediately discontinue use and turn off the camera