photosynthesis light absorption sun gives off visible light (roygbiv) unabsorbed light reflects to...
TRANSCRIPT
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Photosynthesis
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Light Absorption
• Sun gives off visible light (ROYGBIV)• Unabsorbed light reflects to our eyes
– Most green light not absorbed by leaves
• Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight– Absorb mostly reds and blues
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Prism
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Which color(s) are being reflected?
Yellow
Which color(s) are being absorbed?
Red, Orange, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet
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Which color(s) are being reflected?
Blue
Which color(s) are being absorbed?
Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Indigo, Violet
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Which color(s) are being reflected?
None…Black is the absence of light
Which color(s) are being absorbed?
All….ROYGBIV
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Which color(s) are being reflected?
All…ROYGBIV
Which color(s) are being absorbed?
None
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Which color(s) are being reflected?
Green
Which color(s) are being absorbed?
Red, Orange, Yellow, Blue, Indigo, Violet
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The Chloroplast
• Site of photosynthesis• Thylakoid membranes: light dependent
reactions• Stroma (fluid interior): light independent
reactions
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Stomata: pore underneath leaves through which gases enter/exit
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Photosynthesis Overview
• Two Stages
• 1) Light Dependent Reactions– Photosystems: groups of
molecules that capture/transfer energy
– Creates: O2, ATP, NADPH
• 2) Light Independent Reactions– Creates: Glucose
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Light Dependent Reactions: Photosystem II
Step 1:Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight– Chlorophyll e- become
excited & transfer to thylakoid membrane
› Thylakoid membrane becomes negatively charged
– Starts an electron transport chain
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Step 2 & 3:
H2O broken into H+, e-, and O
› e- replace those lost by chlorophyll
› O waste
› H+ pumped inside the thylakoids and accumulate
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ee
ee
ee
e e ee e
Thylakoid membrane
Thylakoid membrane becomes negatively charged
chlorophyllchlorophyllee e e
HH
OH
HO
HH
O Oxygen waste is released
Electrons replace those which left chlorophyll
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ee
ee
ee
e e ee e
Thylakoid membrane
Thylakoid membrane becomes negatively charged
chlorophyllchlorophyllee e e
Oxygen waste is released
Electrons replace those which left chlorophyll
H
H
H
H
HH
ee
e
e
ee
e
ee
ee
e
e
e
e
The process keeps repeating
The plants takes in water
HH
OH
OH
HO
H
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Light Dependent Reactions: Photosystem I
• Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight
– Chlorophyll e- become excited & transfer to thylakoid membrane
› Accumulate with those from photosystem II
e-e-e-e- e-
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• NADPH produced (H taxi)› e- causes H+ to
bond with NADP
› NADPH will be used later
• ATP produced› H+ ions diffuse and
bond ADP with Pi
› ATP will be used later
H+
H+
H+
ATP
ATP
e-
e-e-e-e-e-
e- e- e-e- e-
ATP
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Light Dependent Summary
• O2, ATP, NADPH created
• NO GLUCOSE CREATED!
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Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
• Step 1: CO2 bonds with RuBP (5C) molecule to make a 6C molecule
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6C molecule
C C C C C CC C C C C
RuBP
CO2 bonds with RuBP
Six carbon molecule is created
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• Step 2: 6C molecule splits into two PGAL molecules (3C)
» ATP & NADPH provide the energy
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C C C C CC
6C molecule
ADPADP
NADPH (from light dependent cycle) drops off H
H H H
HH H
ATP (from light dependent cycle) provides energy to break the molecule into PGAL
C C C C C C
PGAL
PGAL
ADPADPADPADP
ATP
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Step 3:
• Some PGAL (3C) bonds to make glucose (6C)
• Some PGAL recycled to start the cycle over
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PGAL
PGAL P
GAL
PGAL
PGAL
PGAL
PGAL
glucose!
glucose!
PGAL bonds with PGAL….to make glucose!
C CCC
C CCC C
C CC
Glucose is used by plant cell mitochondria to create ATP in the process of cellular respiration
PGAL is used to restart the Calvin Cycle
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Step 4:
• PGAL (3C) bonds to remake a RuBP (5C) molecule with help of ATP
• CO2 bonds with RuBP (5C) to restart the cycle
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PGAL broken apart by ATP
C C C C C C
C C C
C C C
C C C
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Unstable C atoms recombine to make RuBP (5C) molecules
RuBP molecules bond with CO2 again
CC
C
C
C
C
C C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C C CCCC C CCC
C C CCC
RuBP
RuBP
RuBP
6C moleculeC C C C C C
6C moleculeC C C C C C 6C molecule
C C C C C C
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• CO2, ATP, & NADPH create glucose
Light Independent Summary
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Your essay question on the next test!
Trace the flow of energy, including ATP, from the sun to your muscles, after eating a green leaf salad.
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Kobe Kuiz
• Place these steps in order from start to finish:
A) Electron transport chain creates NADPH and ATP energy
B) 3C molecule broken by ATP into 5C molecule
C) PGAL created when 6C molecule broken down
D) Water broken into H+, e-, and O components
E) Sunlight causes chlorophyll electrons to flow into thylakoid membrane
F) 3C molecule bonds to create glucose
G) CO2 bonds with RuBP
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Kobe Kuiz
• Place these steps in order from start to finish:
E) Sunlight causes chlorophyll electrons to flow into thylakoid membrane
D) Water broken into H+, e-, and O components
A) Electron transport chain creates NADPH and ATP energy
G) CO2 bonds with RuBP
C) PGAL created when 6C molecule broken down
F) 3C molecule bonds to create glucose
B) 3C molecule broken by ATP into 5C molecule