photosynthesis. photosynthesis anabolic endergonic requires carbon dioxide uses light energy...
TRANSCRIPT
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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Photosynthesis
• Anabolic • Endergonic• Requires Carbon Dioxide • Uses light energy (photons) and
water to produce organic macromolecules (glucose)
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Plants
• Autotrophs: self-producers.• Location:
1. Leavesa. stomab. mesophyll cells
StomaMesophyllCell
Chloroplast
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Stomata (stoma)• Pores in a plant’s cuticle through
which water and gases are exchanged between the plant and the atmosphere.
Guard Cell
Guard Cell
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Oxygen (O2)
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Mesophyll Cell
Cell Wall
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Central Vacuole
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Chloroplast
• Organelle where photosynthesis takes place
GranumThylakoid
Stroma
Outer Membrane
Inner Membrane
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Thylakoid
Thylakoid Membrane
Thylakoid SpaceGranum
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Chlorophyll Molecules
• Located in the thylakoid membranes.
• Chlorophyll have Mg+ in the center.
• Chlorophyll pigments harvest energy (photons) by absorbing certain wavelengths (blue-420 nm and red-660 nm are most important).
• Plants are green because the green wavelength is reflected, not absorbed.
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Wavelength of Light (nm)
400 500 600 700
Short wave Long wave(more energy) (less energy)
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Absorption of Chlorophyll
wavelength
absorption
violet blue green yellow orange red
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Fall Colors
• In addition to the chlorophyll pigments, there are other pigments present.
• During the fall, the green chlorophyll pigments are greatly reduced revealing the other pigments.
• Carotenoids are pigments that are either red or yellow
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Redox Reaction
• The transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another.
• Two types:1. Oxidation2. Reduction
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Oxidation Reaction
• The loss of electrons from a substance.• Or the gain of oxygen.
glucose
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Oxidation
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Reduction Reaction
• The gain of electrons to a substance.• Or the loss of oxygen.
glucose
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Reduction
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Breakdown of Photosynthesis
• Two main parts (reactions).
• 1. Light Reaction or Light Dependent Reaction
• Produces energy from solar power (photons) in the form of ATP and NADPH.
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Breakdown of Photosynthesis
2. Calvin Cycle orLight Independent Reaction orCarbon Fixation orC3 Fixation
Uses energy (ATP and NADPH) from light rxn to make sugar (glucose).
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1. Light Reaction (Electron Flow)
• Occurs in the Thylakoid membranes
• During the light reaction, there are two possible routes for electron flow.
• A. Cyclic Electron Flow
• B. Noncyclic Electron Flow
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A. Cyclic Electron Flow
P700
PrimaryElectronAcceptor
e-
e-
e-
e-
ATPproducedby ETC
Photosystem I
AccessoryPigments
SUN
Photons
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B. Noncyclic Electron Flow
• Occurs in the thylakoid membrane• Uses PS II and PS I• P680 rxn center (PSII) - chlorophyll a• P700 rxn center (PS I) - chlorophyll a• Uses Electron Transport Chain (ETC)• Generates O2, ATP and NADPH
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B. Noncyclic Electron Flow
P700
Photosystem IP680
Photosystem II
PrimaryElectronAcceptor
PrimaryElectronAcceptor
ETC
EnzymeReaction
H2O
1/2O2 + 2H+
ATP
NADPHPhoton
2e-
2e-
2e-
2e-
2e-
SUN
Photon
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Chemiosmosis
• Powers ATP synthesis.• Located in the thylakoid membranes.• Uses ETC and ATP synthase (enzyme)
to make ATP.• Photophosphorylation: addition of
phosphate to ADP to make ATP
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ChemiosmosisH+ H+
ATP Synthase
H+ H+ H+ H+
H+ H+high H+
concentration
H+ADP + P ATP
PS II PS IE
TC
low H+
concentration
H+ThylakoidSpace
Thylakoid
SUN (Proton Pumping)