php - ostravská univerzitahunka/vyuka/techinter/ti_7/php_07.pdfphp outline 7.1 introduction 7.2 php...

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PHP

Outline7.1 Introduction7.2 PHP7.3 String Processing and Regular Expressions7.4 Viewing Client/Server Environment Variables7.5 Form Processing and Business Logic7.6 Verifying a Username and Password7.7 Connecting to a Database7.8 Cookies7.9 Dynamic Content in PHP7.10 Operator Precedence7.11 Web Resources

2

Objectives

In this chapter, you will learn:– To understand PHP data types, operators, arrays and control

structures.

– To understand string processing and regular expressions in PHP.

– To construct programs that process form data.

– To be able to read and write client data using cookies.

– To construct programs that interact with MySQL databases.

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7.1 Introduction

• PHP– PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

– Originally called “Personal Home Page Tools”

– Popular server-side scripting technology

– Open-source• Anyone may view, modify and redistribute source code

• Supported freely by community

– Platform independent

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7.2 PHP

• Basic application– Scripting delimiters

• <? php ?>

• Must enclose all script code

– Variables preceded by $ symbol• Case-sensitive

– End statements with semicolon

– Comments• // for single line

• /* */ for multiline

– Filenames end with .php by convention

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Outline

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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC """"----//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"

2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1----strict.dtd"strict.dtd"strict.dtd"strict.dtd">>>>

3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6

7 <?php<?php<?php<?php

8 $name = $name = $name = $name = "LunaTic""LunaTic""LunaTic""LunaTic";;;; // declaration// declaration// declaration// declaration

9 ?>?>?>?>

10

11 <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>

12 <head> <head> <head> <head>

13 <title> <title> <title> <title>A simple PHP documentA simple PHP documentA simple PHP documentA simple PHP document</title></title></title></title>

14 </head> </head> </head> </head>

15

16 <body styl <body styl <body styl <body style = e = e = e = "font"font"font"font----size: 2em"size: 2em"size: 2em"size: 2em">>>>

17 <p> <p> <p> <p>

18 <strong><strong><strong><strong>

19

20 <! <! <! >>>

21 Welcome to PHP, Welcome to PHP, Welcome to PHP, Welcome to PHP, <?php<?php<?php<?php print print print print( ( ( ( "$name""$name""$name""$name" ); ); ); ); ?>?>?>?>!!!!

22 </strong> </strong> </strong> </strong>

23 </p> </p> </p> </p>

24 </body> </body> </body> </body>

25 </htm</htm</htm</html>l>l>l>

first.php(1 of 1)

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7.2 PHPFig. 7.1 Simple PHP program.

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7.2 PHP

• Variables– Can have different types at different times

– Variable names inside strings replaced by their value

– Type conversions• settype function

• Type casting

– Concatenation operator

• . (period)• Combine strings

8

7.2 PHP

Data type Description int, integer Whole numbers (i.e., numbers without a decimal point). float, double Real numbers (i.e., numbers containing a decimal point). string Text enclosed in either single ('') or double ("") quotes. bool, Boolean True or false. array Group of elements of the same type. object Group of associated data and methods. Resource An external data source. NULL No value. Fig. 26.2 PHP data types.

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Outline

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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC """"----//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1----transitional.dtd"transitional.dtd"transitional.dtd"transitional.dtd">>>>

3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6

7 <html <html <html <html xmlns = xmlns = xmlns = xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>

8 <head><head><head><head>

9 <title><title><title><title>PHP data typesPHP data typesPHP data typesPHP data types</title></title></title></title>

10 </head></head></head></head>

11

12 <body><body><body><body>

13


15

16 // declare a string, double and integer// declare a string, double and integer// declare a string, double and integer// declare a string, double and integer

17 $testString = $testString = $testString = $testString = "3"3"3"3.5 seconds".5 seconds".5 seconds".5 seconds";;;;

18 $testDouble = $testDouble = $testDouble = $testDouble = 79.279.279.279.2;;;;

19 $testInteger = $testInteger = $testInteger = $testInteger = 12121212;;;;

20 ?>?>?>?>

21

data.php(1 of 3)

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22 <!<!<!>>>

23 <?php<?php<?php<?php printprintprintprint( $testString ); ( $testString ); ( $testString ); ( $testString ); ?>?>?>?> is a string. is a string. is a string. is a string.<br /><br /><br /><br />

24 <?php<?php<?php<?php printprintprintprint( $testDouble ); ( $testDouble ); ( $testDouble ); ( $testDouble ); ?> ?> ?> ?> is a double.is a double.is a double.is a double.<br /><br /><br /><br />

25 <?php<?php<?php<?php printprintprintprint( $testInteger ); ( $testInteger ); ( $testInteger ); ( $testInteger ); ?> ?> ?> ?> is an integer.is an integer.is an integer.is an integer.<br /><br /><br /><br />

26

27 <br /><br /><br /><br />

28 Now, converting to other types: Now, converting to other types: Now, converting to other types: Now, converting to other types:<br /><br /><br /><br />


30

31 // call function settype to convert variable // call function settype to convert variable // call function settype to convert variable // call function settype to convert variable

32 // testString to different data types // testString to different data types // testString to different data types // testString to different data types

33 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "$testString""$testString""$testString""$testString" ); ); ); );

34 settype( $testString, settype( $testString, settype( $testString, settype( $testString, "double""double""double""double" ); ); ); );

35 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( " as a double is $testString <br />"" as a double is $testString <br />"" as a double is $testString <br />"" as a double is $testString <br />" ); ); ); );

36 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "$testString""$testString""$testString""$testString" ); ); ); );

37 settype( $testString, settype( $testString, settype( $testString, settype( $testString, "integer""integer""integer""integer" ); ); ); );

38 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( " as an integer is $testString <br />"" as an integer is $testString <br />"" as an integer is $testString <br />"" as an integer is $testString <br />" ); ); ); );

39 settype( $testString, settype( $testString, settype( $testString, settype( $testString, "string""string""string""string" ); ); ); );

40 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Converting back to a string results in"Converting back to a string results in"Converting back to a string results in"Converting back to a string results in

41 $testString <br /><br />"$testString <br /><br />"$testString <br /><br />"$testString <br /><br />" ); ); ); );

42

43 $data = $data = $data = $data = "98.6 degrees""98.6 degrees""98.6 degrees""98.6 degrees";;;;

data.php(2 of 3)

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44

45 // use type casting to cast variables to a// use type casting to cast variables to a// use type casting to cast variables to a// use type casting to cast variables to a

46 // different type // different type // different type // different type

47 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Now using type casting instead: <br />"Now using type casting instead: <br />"Now using type casting instead: <br />"Now using type casting instead: <br />

48 As a string As a string As a string As a string ---- " " " " . ( . ( . ( . (stringstringstringstring) $data .) $data .) $data .) $data .

49 "<br />As a double "<br />As a double "<br />As a double "<br />As a double ---- " " " " . ( . ( . ( . (doubledoubledoubledouble) $data .) $data .) $data .) $data .

50 "<br />As an integer "<br />As an integer "<br />As an integer "<br />As an integer ---- " " " " . ( . ( . ( . (integerintegerintegerinteger) $data );) $data );) $data );) $data );

51 ?>?>?>?>


53 </html></html></html></html>

data.php(3 of 3)

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7.2 PHPFig. 7.3 Type conversion.

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7.2 PHP

• Arithmetic operators– Assignment operators

• Syntactical shortcuts

• Before being assigned values, variables have value undef

• Constants– Named values

– define function

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Outline

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3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6

7 <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = "h"h"h"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"ttp://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"ttp://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"ttp://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>


9 <title><title><title><title>Using arithmetic opeUsing arithmetic opeUsing arithmetic opeUsing arithmetic operarararatorstorstorstors</title></title></title></title>


11

12 <body> <body> <body> <body>


14 $a = $a = $a = $a = 5555;;;;

15 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "The value of variable a is $a <br />""The value of variable a is $a <br />""The value of variable a is $a <br />""The value of variable a is $a <br />" ); ); ); );

16

17 // define constant VALUE// define constant VALUE// define constant VALUE// define constant VALUE

18 define( define( define( define( "VALUE""VALUE""VALUE""VALUE", , , , 5555 ); ); ); );

19

20 // add constant VALUE to variable $a// add constant VALUE to variable $a// add constant VALUE to variable $a// add constant VALUE to variable $a

21 $a = $a + $a = $a + $a = $a + $a = $a + VALUEVALUEVALUEVALUE;;;;

22 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Variable a after adding constant VALUE "Variable a after adding constant VALUE "Variable a after adding constant VALUE "Variable a after adding constant VALUE

23 isisisis $a <br />" $a <br />" $a <br />" $a <br />" ); ); ); );

24

operators.php(1 of 3)

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Outline

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25 // multiply variable $a by 2// multiply variable $a by 2// multiply variable $a by 2// multiply variable $a by 2

26 $a *= $a *= $a *= $a *= 2222;;;;

27 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Multiplying variable a by 2 yields $a <br />""Multiplying variable a by 2 yields $a <br />""Multiplying variable a by 2 yields $a <br />""Multiplying variable a by 2 yields $a <br />" ); ); ); );

28

29 // test if variable $a is less than 50// test if variable $a is less than 50// test if variable $a is less than 50// test if variable $a is less than 50

30 if if if if ( $a < ( $a < ( $a < ( $a < 50505050 ) ) ) )

31 prprprprintintintint( ( ( ( "Variable a is less than 50 <br />""Variable a is less than 50 <br />""Variable a is less than 50 <br />""Variable a is less than 50 <br />" ); ); ); );

32

33 // add 40 to variable $a // add 40 to variable $a // add 40 to variable $a // add 40 to variable $a

34 $a += $a += $a += $a += 40404040;;;;

35 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Variable a after adding 40 is $a <br />""Variable a after adding 40 is $a <br />""Variable a after adding 40 is $a <br />""Variable a after adding 40 is $a <br />" ); ); ); );

36

37 // test if variable $a is 50 or less// test if variable $a is 50 or less// test if variable $a is 50 or less// test if variable $a is 50 or less

38 ifififif ( $a < ( $a < ( $a < ( $a < 51515151 ) ) ) )

39 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Variable a is still 50 or less<br />""Variable a is still 50 or less<br />""Variable a is still 50 or less<br />""Variable a is still 50 or less<br />" ); ); ); );

40

41 // test if variable $a is between 50 and 100, inclusive// test if variable $a is between 50 and 100, inclusive// test if variable $a is between 50 and 100, inclusive// test if variable $a is between 50 and 100, inclusive

42 elseifelseifelseifelseif ( $a < ( $a < ( $a < ( $a < 101101101101 ) ) ) )

43 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Variable a is now between 50 "Variable a is now between 50 "Variable a is now between 50 "Variable a is now between 50 and 100, and 100, and 100, and 100,

44 inclusive<br />"inclusive<br />"inclusive<br />"inclusive<br />" ); ); ); );

45 elseelseelseelse

46 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Variable a is now greater than 100"Variable a is now greater than 100"Variable a is now greater than 100"Variable a is now greater than 100

47 <br />"<br />"<br />"<br />" ); ); ); );

48


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Outline

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49 // print an uninitialized variable // print an uninitialized variable // print an uninitialized variable // print an uninitialized variable

50 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Using a variable before initializing:"Using a variable before initializing:"Using a variable before initializing:"Using a variable before initializing:

51 $nothing <br />"$nothing <br />"$nothing <br />"$nothing <br />" ); ); ); );

52

53 // add constant VALUE to an uninitialized variable// add constant VALUE to an uninitialized variable// add constant VALUE to an uninitialized variable// add constant VALUE to an uninitialized variable

54 $test = $num + $test = $num + $test = $num + $test = $num + VALUVALUVALUVALUEEEE;;;;

55 print print print print( ( ( ( "An uninitialized variable plus constant"An uninitialized variable plus constant"An uninitialized variable plus constant"An uninitialized variable plus constant

56 VALUE yields $test <br />"VALUE yields $test <br />"VALUE yields $test <br />"VALUE yields $test <br />" ); ); ); );

57

58 // add a string to an integer// add a string to an integer// add a string to an integer// add a string to an integer

59 $str = $str = $str = $str = "3 dollars""3 dollars""3 dollars""3 dollars";;;;

60 $a += $str;$a += $str;$a += $str;$a += $str;

61 prin prin prin printttt( ( ( ( "Adding a string to "Adding a string to "Adding a string to "Adding a string to variable avariable avariable avariable a yields $a yields $a yields $a yields $a

62 <br />"<br />"<br />"<br />" ); ); ); );

63 ?>?>?>?>




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7.2 PHPFig. 7.4 Using PHP’s arithmetic operators.

18

7.2 PHP

• Keywords– Reserved for language features– if…elseif…else

• Arrays– Group of related data

• Elements

– Name plus braces and index• Indices start at zero

– count function

– array function

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7.2 PHP

• Arrays, cont.– Built-in iterators

• Maintain pointer to element currently referenced• reset

• key

• next

• foreach loops

20

7.2 PHP

PHP keywords

and break case class continue default

do else elseif extends false

for foreach function global if

include list new not or

require return static switch this

true var virtual xor while

Fig. 26.5 PHP keywords.

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Outline

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3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6

7 <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = "http://www."http://www."http://www."http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"w3.org/1999/xhtml"w3.org/1999/xhtml"w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>


9 <title><title><title><title>Array manipulationArray manipulationArray manipulationArray manipulation</title></title></title></title>


11



14

15 // create array first// create array first// create array first// create array first

16 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<strong>Creating the first array</strong>"<strong>Creating the first array</strong>"<strong>Creating the first array</strong>"<strong>Creating the first array</strong>

17 <br />"<br />"<br />"<br />" ); ); ); );

18 $first[ $first[ $first[ $first[ 0000 ] = ] = ] = ] = "zero""zero""zero""zero";;;;

19 $first[ $first[ $first[ $first[ 1111 ] = ] = ] = ] = "one""one""one""one";;;;

20 $first[ $first[ $first[ $first[ 2222 ] = ] = ] = ] = "two""two""two""two";;;;

21 $first[] = $first[] = $first[] = $first[] = "three""three""three""three";;;;

22

23 // print each element’s index and value // print each element’s index and value // print each element’s index and value // print each element’s index and value

24 for for for for ( $i =( $i =( $i =( $i = 0000; $i < ; $i < ; $i < ; $i < countcountcountcount( $first )( $first )( $first )( $first ); $i++ ) ; $i++ ) ; $i++ ) ; $i++ )

25 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Element $i is $first[$i] <br />""Element $i is $first[$i] <br />""Element $i is $first[$i] <br />""Element $i is $first[$i] <br />" ); ); ); );

arrays.php(1 of 3)

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Outline

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26

27 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<br /><strong>Creating the second array"<br /><strong>Creating the second array"<br /><strong>Creating the second array"<br /><strong>Creating the second array

28 </strong><br />"</strong><br />"</strong><br />"</strong><br />" ); ); ); );

29

30 // call function array to create array second // call function array to create array second // call function array to create array second // call function array to create array second

31 $second = $second = $second = $second = array( array( array( array( "zero""zero""zero""zero", , , , "one""one""one""one", , , , "two""two""two""two", , , , "three""three""three""three" ); ); ); );

32 for for for for ( $i = ( $i = ( $i = ( $i = 0000; $i < count( $second ); $i++ ) ; $i < count( $second ); $i++ ) ; $i < count( $second ); $i++ ) ; $i < count( $second ); $i++ )

33 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Element $i is $second[$i] <br />""Element $i is $second[$i] <br />""Element $i is $second[$i] <br />""Element $i is $second[$i] <br />" ); ); ); );

34

35 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<br /><strong>Creating the third array"<br /><strong>Creating the third array"<br /><strong>Creating the third array"<br /><strong>Creating the third array


37

38 // assign val// assign val// assign val// assign values to nonues to nonues to nonues to non----numerical indices numerical indices numerical indices numerical indices

39 $third[ $third[ $third[ $third[ "ArtTic""ArtTic""ArtTic""ArtTic" ] = ] = ] = ] = 21212121;;;;

40 $third[ $third[ $third[ $third[ "LunaTic""LunaTic""LunaTic""LunaTic" ] = ] = ] = ] = 18181818;;;;

41 $third[ $third[ $third[ $third[ "GalAnt""GalAnt""GalAnt""GalAnt" ] = ] = ] = ] = 23232323;;;;

42

43 // iterate through the array elements and print each // iterate through the array elements and print each // iterate through the array elements and print each // iterate through the array elements and print each

44 // element’s n // element’s n // element’s n // element’s name and valueame and valueame and valueame and value

45 for for for for ( reset( $third ); $element = key( $third );( reset( $third ); $element = key( $third );( reset( $third ); $element = key( $third );( reset( $third ); $element = key( $third );

46 next( $third ) )next( $third ) )next( $third ) )next( $third ) )

47 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "$element is $third[$element] <br />""$element is $third[$element] <br />""$element is $third[$element] <br />""$element is $third[$element] <br />" ); ); ); );

48

arrays.php(2 of 3)

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49 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<br /><strong>Creating the fourth array"<br /><strong>Creating the fourth array"<br /><strong>Creating the fourth array"<br /><strong>Creating the fourth array


51

52 // call function array to create array fourth using // call function array to create array fourth using // call function array to create array fourth using // call function array to create array fourth using

53 // string indices // string indices // string indices // string indices

54 $fourth = array( $fourth = array( $fourth = array( $fourth = array(

55 "January""January""January""January" => => => => "first""first""first""first", , , , "February""February""February""February" => => => => "second""second""second""second",,,,

56 "March""March""March""March" => => => => "third""third""third""third", , , , "April""April""April""April" => => => => "fourth""fourth""fourth""fourth",,,,

57 "May""May""May""May" => => => => "fifth""fifth""fifth""fifth", , , , "June""June""June""June" => => => => "sixth""sixth""sixth""sixth",,,,

58 "July""July""July""July" => => => => "seventh""seventh""seventh""seventh", , , , "August""August""August""August" => => => => "eighth""eighth""eighth""eighth",,,,

59 "September""September""September""September" => => => => "ninth""ninth""ninth""ninth", , , , "October""October""October""October" => => => => "tenth""tenth""tenth""tenth",,,,

60 "November""November""November""November" => => => => "eleventh""eleventh""eleventh""eleventh",,,,"December""December""December""December" => => => => "twelfth""twelfth""twelfth""twelfth"

61 ); ); ); );

62

63 // print each element’s name and value // print each element’s name and value // print each element’s name and value // print each element’s name and value

64 foreach foreach foreach foreach ( $fourth as $el( $fourth as $el( $fourth as $el( $fourth as $element => $value )ement => $value )ement => $value )ement => $value )

65 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "$element is the $value month <br />""$element is the $value month <br />""$element is the $value month <br />""$element is the $value month <br />" ); ); ); );

66 ?>?>?>?>



arrays.php(3 of 3)

24

7.2 PHPFig. 7.6 Array manipulation.

25

7.3 String Processing and Regular Expressions

• String processing– Equality and comparison two important operations

– strcmp function• Returns –1 if string 1 < string 2

• Returns 0 if string 1 = string 2

• Returns 1 if string 1 > string 2

– Relational operators

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Outline

26



3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6

7 <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = "http://ww"http://ww"http://ww"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"w.w3.org/1999/xhtml"w.w3.org/1999/xhtml"w.w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>


9 <title><title><title><title>String ComparisonString ComparisonString ComparisonString Comparison</title></title></title></title>


11


13 <?php <?php <?php <?php

14

15 // create array fruits// create array fruits// create array fruits// create array fruits

16 $fruits = array( $fruits = array( $fruits = array( $fruits = array( "apple""apple""apple""apple", , , , "orange""orange""orange""orange", , , , "banana""banana""banana""banana" ); ); ); );

17

18 // iterate through each array element// iterate through each array element// iterate through each array element// iterate through each array element

19 forforforfor ( $i = ( $i = ( $i = ( $i = 0000; $i < count( $fruits ); $i++ ) {; $i < count( $fruits ); $i++ ) {; $i < count( $fruits ); $i++ ) {; $i < count( $fruits ); $i++ ) {

20

21 // call function strcmp to compare the array element // call function strcmp to compare the array element // call function strcmp to compare the array element // call function strcmp to compare the array element

22 // to string "banana" // to string "banana" // to string "banana" // to string "banana"

23 ifififif ( ( ( ( strcmp( $fruits[ $i ], strcmp( $fruits[ $i ], strcmp( $fruits[ $i ], strcmp( $fruits[ $i ], "banana""banana""banana""banana" ) ) ) ) < < < < 0000 ) ) ) )

24 printprintprintprint( $fruits[ $i ].( $fruits[ $i ].( $fruits[ $i ].( $fruits[ $i ]." is less than banana "" is less than banana "" is less than banana "" is less than banana " ); ); ); );

compare.php(1 of 2)

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25 elseifelseifelseifelseif ( strcmp( $fruits[ $i ], ( strcmp( $fruits[ $i ], ( strcmp( $fruits[ $i ], ( strcmp( $fruits[ $i ], "banana""banana""banana""banana" ) > ) > ) > ) > 0000 ) ) ) )

26 printprintprintprint( $fruits[ $i ].( $fruits[ $i ].( $fruits[ $i ].( $fruits[ $i ].

27 " is greater than banana "" is greater than banana "" is greater than banana "" is greater than banana " ); ); ); );

28 elseelseelseelse

29 printprintprintprint( $fruits[ $i ].( $fruits[ $i ].( $fruits[ $i ].( $fruits[ $i ]." is equal to banana "" is equal to banana "" is equal to banana "" is equal to banana " ); ); ); );

30

31 // use relational operators to compare each element // use relational operators to compare each element // use relational operators to compare each element // use relational operators to compare each element

32 // to string "apple" // to string "apple" // to string "apple" // to string "apple"

33 ifififif ( $fruits[ $i ] < ( $fruits[ $i ] < ( $fruits[ $i ] < ( $fruits[ $i ] < "apple""apple""apple""apple" ) ) ) )

34 print print print print( ( ( ( "and less than apple! <br />""and less than apple! <br />""and less than apple! <br />""and less than apple! <br />" ); ); ); );

35 elseifelseifelseifelseif ( $fruits[ $i ] > ( $fruits[ $i ] > ( $fruits[ $i ] > ( $fruits[ $i ] > "apple""apple""apple""apple" ) ) ) )

36 print print print print( ( ( ( "and greater than apple! <br />""and greater than apple! <br />""and greater than apple! <br />""and greater than apple! <br />" ); ); ); );

37 elseifelseifelseifelseif ( $fruits[ $i ] == ( $fruits[ $i ] == ( $fruits[ $i ] == ( $fruits[ $i ] == "apple""apple""apple""apple" ) ) ) )

38 print print print print( ( ( ( "and equal to apple! <br />""and equal to apple! <br />""and equal to apple! <br />""and equal to apple! <br />" ); ); ); );

39

40 }}}}

41 ?>?>?>?>



compare.php(2 of 2)

28


Fig. 7.7 Using the string comparison operators.

29


• Regular expressions– Pattern matching templates

– ereg function• POSIX

– preg_match function• Perl

– ereg_replace function

• Building regular expressions– Metacharacters

• $, ., ̂

– Brackets [ ]

.

Outline

30



3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6

7 <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = "htt"htt"htt"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"p://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"p://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"p://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>


9 <title> <title> <title> <title>Regular expressionsRegular expressionsRegular expressionsRegular expressions</title></title></title></title>


11



14 $search = $search = $search = $search = "Now is the time""Now is the time""Now is the time""Now is the time";;;;

15 print print print print( ( ( ( "Test string is: '$search'<br /><br />""Test string is: '$search'<br /><br />""Test string is: '$search'<br /><br />""Test string is: '$search'<br /><br />" ) ) ) );;;;

16

17 // call function ereg to search for pattern 'Now' // call function ereg to search for pattern 'Now' // call function ereg to search for pattern 'Now' // call function ereg to search for pattern 'Now'

18 // in variable search // in variable search // in variable search // in variable search

19 if if if if ( ( ( ( ereg( ereg( ereg( ereg( "Now""Now""Now""Now", $search ), $search ), $search ), $search ) ) ) ) )

20 print print print print( ( ( ( "String 'Now' was found.<br />""String 'Now' was found.<br />""String 'Now' was found.<br />""String 'Now' was found.<br />" ); ); ); );

21

expression.php(1 of 3)

.

Outline

31

22 // search for pattern 'Now' in the beginning of // search for pattern 'Now' in the beginning of // search for pattern 'Now' in the beginning of // search for pattern 'Now' in the beginning of

23 // the string // the string // the string // the string

24 if if if if ( ( ( ( ereg( ereg( ereg( ereg( "^Now""^Now""^Now""^Now", $search ), $search ), $search ), $search ) ) ) ) )

25 print print print print( ( ( ( "String 'Now' found at beginning"String 'Now' found at beginning"String 'Now' found at beginning"String 'Now' found at beginning

26 of the line.<br />"of the line.<br />"of the line.<br />"of the line.<br />" ); ); ); );

27

28 // search for pattern 'Now' at the end of the string // search for pattern 'Now' at the end of the string // search for pattern 'Now' at the end of the string // search for pattern 'Now' at the end of the string

29 if if if if ( ( ( ( ereg( ereg( ereg( ereg( "Now$""Now$""Now$""Now$", $search ), $search ), $search ), $search ) ) ) ) )

30 print print print print( ( ( ( "String 'Now' was found at the end "String 'Now' was found at the end "String 'Now' was found at the end "String 'Now' was found at the end

31 of the line.<br />"of the line.<br />"of the line.<br />"of the line.<br />" ); ); ); );

32

33 // search for any word ending in 'ow'// search for any word ending in 'ow'// search for any word ending in 'ow'// search for any word ending in 'ow'

34 ifififif ( ereg( ( ereg( ( ereg( ( ereg( "[[:<:]]([a"[[:<:]]([a"[[:<:]]([a"[[:<:]]([a----zAzAzAzA----Z]*ow)[[:>:]]"Z]*ow)[[:>:]]"Z]*ow)[[:>:]]"Z]*ow)[[:>:]]", $search,, $search,, $search,, $search,

35 $match ) )$match ) )$match ) )$match ) )

36 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Word found ending in 'ow': ""Word found ending in 'ow': ""Word found ending in 'ow': ""Word found ending in 'ow': " . . . .

37 $mat$mat$mat$match[ ch[ ch[ ch[ 1111 ] ] ] ] . . . . "<br />""<br />""<br />""<br />" ); ); ); );

38

39 // search for any words beginning with 't' // search for any words beginning with 't' // search for any words beginning with 't' // search for any words beginning with 't'

40 print print print print( ( ( ( "Words beginning with 't' found: ""Words beginning with 't' found: ""Words beginning with 't' found: ""Words beginning with 't' found: "););););

41

42 whilewhilewhilewhile ( eregi( ( eregi( ( eregi( ( eregi( "[[:<:]](t[[:alpha:]]+)[[:>:]]""[[:<:]](t[[:alpha:]]+)[[:>:]]""[[:<:]](t[[:alpha:]]+)[[:>:]]""[[:<:]](t[[:alpha:]]+)[[:>:]]",,,,

43 $search, $$search, $$search, $$search, $match ) )match ) )match ) )match ) ) { { { {

44 print print print print( $match[ ( $match[ ( $match[ ( $match[ 1111 ] . ] . ] . ] . " "" "" "" " ); ); ); );

45


.

Outline

32


46 // remove the first occurrence of a word beginning // remove the first occurrence of a word beginning // remove the first occurrence of a word beginning // remove the first occurrence of a word beginning

47 // with 't' to find other instances in the string // with 't' to find other instances in the string // with 't' to find other instances in the string // with 't' to find other instances in the string

48 $search = ereg_replace( $match[ $search = ereg_replace( $match[ $search = ereg_replace( $match[ $search = ereg_replace( $match[ 1111 ], ], ], ], """""""", $search );, $search );, $search );, $search );

49 } } } }

50

51 print print print print( ( ( ( "<b"<b"<b"<br />"r />"r />"r />" ); ); ); );

52 ?>?>?>?>



33


Fig. 7.8 Regular expressions in PHP.

34


Quantifier Matches {n} Exactly n times. {m,n} Between m and n times inclusive. {n,} n or more times. + One or more times (same as {1,}). * Zero or more times (same as {0,}). ? Zero or one time (same as {0,1}).

Fig. 26.9 Some PHP quantifiers.

35


Character class Description alnum Alphanumeric characters (i.e., letters [a-zA-Z] or digits [0-9]). alpha Word characters (i.e., letters [a-zA-Z]). digit Digits. space Whitespace. lower Lowercase letters. upper Uppercase letters.

Fig. 26.10 Some PHP character classes.

36

7.4 Viewing Client/Server Environment Variables

• Environment variables– Provide information about execution environment

• Type of Web browser

• Type of server

• Details of HTTP connection

– Stored as array in PHP• $_ENV

37


Variable name Description $_SERVER Data about the currently running server. $_ENV Data about the client’s environment. $_GET Data posted to the server by the get method. $_POST Data posted to the server by the post method. $_COOKIE Data contained in cookies on the client’s computer. $GLOBALS Array containing all global variables. Fig. 26.11 Some useful global arrays.

.

Outline

38



3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6



9 <title> <title> <title> <title>Environment VariablesEnvironment VariablesEnvironment VariablesEnvironment Variables</title></title></title></title>


11


13 <table border = <table border = <table border = <table border = "0""0""0""0" cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = "2""2""2""2" cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = "0""0""0""0"

14 width = width = width = width = "1"1"1"100%"00%"00%"00%">>>>


16

17 // print the key and value for each element // print the key and value for each element // print the key and value for each element // print the key and value for each element

18 // in the $_ENV array // in the $_ENV array // in the $_ENV array // in the $_ENV array

19 foreachforeachforeachforeach ( $_ENV ( $_ENV ( $_ENV ( $_ENV asasasas $key => $value ) $key => $value ) $key => $value ) $key => $value )

20 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<tr><td bgcolor = "<tr><td bgcolor = "<tr><td bgcolor = "<tr><td bgcolor = \\\\"#11bbff"#11bbff"#11bbff"#11bbff\\\\">">">">

21 <strong>$key</strong></td><strong>$key</strong></td><strong>$key</strong></td><strong>$key</strong></td>

22 <td>$value</td></tr>"<td>$value</td></tr>"<td>$value</td></tr>"<td>$value</td></tr>" ); ); ); );

23 ?>?>?>?>

24 </table> </table> </table> </table>



env.php(1 of 1)

39


Fig. 7.12 Displaying environment variables.

40

7.5 Form Processing and Business Logic

• Form processing– action property

• Where to send form data

– method property• post

– Each element has unique name

.

Outline

41



3

4 <!<!<! > > >

5 <!<!<!>>>

6



9 <title> <title> <title> <title>Sample form to take user input in XHTMLSample form to take user input in XHTMLSample form to take user input in XHTMLSample form to take user input in XHTML</title></title></title></title>


11


13

14 <h1> <h1> <h1> <h1>This is a sample registration form.This is a sample registration form.This is a sample registration form.This is a sample registration form.</h1></h1></h1></h1>

15 Please fill in all fields and click Register.Please fill in all fields and click Register.Please fill in all fields and click Register.Please fill in all fields and click Register.

16

17 <!<!<!>>>

18 <form method = <form method = <form method = <form method = "post""post""post""post" action = action = action = action = "form.php""form.php""form.php""form.php">>>>

19 <img src = <img src = <img src = <img src = "images/user.gif""images/user.gif""images/user.gif""images/user.gif" alt = alt = alt = alt = "User" "User" "User" "User" /><br />/><br />/><br />/><br />

20 <span style = <span style = <span style = <span style = """"color: blue"color: blue"color: blue"color: blue">>>>

21 Please fill out the fields below. Please fill out the fields below. Please fill out the fields below. Please fill out the fields below.<br /><br /><br /><br />

22 </span> </span> </span> </span>

23

form.html (1 of 4)

.

Outline

42

24 <! <! <! >>>

25 <img src = <img src = <img src = <img src = "images/fname.gif""images/fname.gif""images/fname.gif""images/fname.gif" alt = alt = alt = alt = "First Name""First Name""First Name""First Name" /> /> /> />

26 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "text""text""text""text" name = name = name = name = "fname""fname""fname""fname" /><br /> /><br /> /><br /> /><br />

27

28 <img src = <img src = <img src = <img src = "images/lname.gif""images/lname.gif""images/lname.gif""images/lname.gif" alt = alt = alt = alt = "La"La"La"Last Name" st Name" st Name" st Name" />/>/>/>

29 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "text""text""text""text" name = name = name = name = "lname""lname""lname""lname" /><br /> /><br /> /><br /> /><br />

30

31 <img src = <img src = <img src = <img src = "images/email.gif""images/email.gif""images/email.gif""images/email.gif" alt = alt = alt = alt = "Email" "Email" "Email" "Email" /> /> /> />

32 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "text""text""text""text" name = name = name = name = "email""email""email""email" /><br /> /><br /> /><br /> /><br />

33

34 <img src = <img src = <img src = <img src = "images/p"images/p"images/p"images/phone.gif"hone.gif"hone.gif"hone.gif" alt = alt = alt = alt = "Phone" "Phone" "Phone" "Phone" /> /> /> />

35 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "text""text""text""text" name = name = name = name = "phone""phone""phone""phone" /><br /> /><br /> /><br /> /><br />

36

37 <span style = <span style = <span style = <span style = "font"font"font"font----size: 10pt"size: 10pt"size: 10pt"size: 10pt">>>>

38 Must be in the form (555)555 Must be in the form (555)555 Must be in the form (555)555 Must be in the form (555)555----5555555555555555</span></span></span></span>

39 <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />

40

41 <img src = <img src = <img src = <img src = "images/downloads.gif""images/downloads.gif""images/downloads.gif""images/downloads.gif"

42 alt = alt = alt = alt = "Publications" "Publications" "Publications" "Publications" /><br />/><br />/><br />/><br />

43

44 <span style = <span style = <span style = <span style = "color: blue""color: blue""color: blue""color: blue">>>>

45 Which book would you like information about? Which book would you like information about? Which book would you like information about? Which book would you like information about?

46 </span><br /> </span><br /> </span><br /> </span><br />

47

form.html (2 of 4)

.

Outline

43

48 <! <! <! >>>

49 <select name = <select name = <select name = <select name = "book""book""book""book">>>>

50 <option><option><option><option>Internet and WWW How to Program 3eInternet and WWW How to Program 3eInternet and WWW How to Program 3eInternet and WWW How to Program 3e</option></option></option></option>

51 <option><option><option><option>C++ How to Program 4eC++ How to Program 4eC++ How to Program 4eC++ How to Program 4e</option></option></option></option>

52 <optio <optio <optio <option>n>n>n>Java How to Program 5eJava How to Program 5eJava How to Program 5eJava How to Program 5e</option></option></option></option>

53 <option> <option> <option> <option>XML How to Program 1eXML How to Program 1eXML How to Program 1eXML How to Program 1e</option></option></option></option>

54 </select> </select> </select> </select>

55 <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />

56

57 <img src = <img src = <img src = <img src = "images/os.gif""images/os.gif""images/os.gif""images/os.gif" alt = alt = alt = alt = "Operating System" "Operating System" "Operating System" "Operating System" />/>/>/>

58 <br /><span style = <br /><span style = <br /><span style = <br /><span style = "color: blue""color: blue""color: blue""color: blue">>>>

59 Which operating system are you currently using? Which operating system are you currently using? Which operating system are you currently using? Which operating system are you currently using?

60 <br /></span> <br /></span> <br /></span> <br /></span>

61

62 <! <! <! >>>

63 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "radio""radio""radio""radio" name = name = name = name = "os""os""os""os" value = value = value = value = "Windows XP""Windows XP""Windows XP""Windows XP"

64 cccchecked = hecked = hecked = hecked = "checked""checked""checked""checked" /> /> /> />

65 Windows XP Windows XP Windows XP Windows XP

66

67 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "radio" "radio" "radio" "radio" name = name = name = name = "os""os""os""os" value = value = value = value =

68 "Windows 2000" "Windows 2000" "Windows 2000" "Windows 2000" /> /> /> />

69 Windows 2000Windows 2000Windows 2000Windows 2000

70

71 <input ty <input ty <input ty <input type = pe = pe = pe = "radio""radio""radio""radio" name = name = name = name = "os""os""os""os" value = value = value = value =

72 "Windows 98" "Windows 98" "Windows 98" "Windows 98" /> /> /> />

73 Windows 98Windows 98Windows 98Windows 98<br /><br /><br /><br />

form.html (3 of 4)

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44

form.html (4 of 4)

74

75 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "radio""radio""radio""radio" name = name = name = name = "os""os""os""os" value = value = value = value = "Linux""Linux""Linux""Linux" /> /> /> />

76 LinuxLinuxLinuxLinux

77

78 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "radio""radio""radio""radio" name = name = name = name = "os""os""os""os" value = value = value = value = "Other""Other""Other""Other" /> /> /> />

79 Other Other Other Other<br /><br /><br /><br />

80

81 <! <! <! >>>

82 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "submit""submit""submit""submit" value = value = value = value = "Register""Register""Register""Register" /> /> /> />

83 </form> </form> </form> </form>

84

45


Fig. 7.13 XHTML form for gathering user input.

46


• Business logic– Confirm that valid information was entered

– extract function• Creates variables corresponding to each key-value pair in array

• Easily retrieve all values sent to PHP page

– Regular expressions very helpful

– Do checks on client side where possible• JavaScript

• Conserves server resources

• Ending a script– die function

• Remember to close all HTML tags

.

Outline

47



3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6



9 <title> <title> <title> <title>Form ValidationForm ValidationForm ValidationForm Validation</title></title></title></title>


11

12 <body style = <body style = <body style = <body style = "font"font"font"font----family: arial,sansfamily: arial,sansfamily: arial,sansfamily: arial,sans----serif"serif"serif"serif">>>>

13


15 extract( $_POST );extract( $_POST );extract( $_POST );extract( $_POST );

16

17 // determine whether phone number is valid and print // determine whether phone number is valid and print // determine whether phone number is valid and print // determine whether phone number is valid and print

18 // an error message if not // an error message if not // an error message if not // an error message if not

19 ifififif ( !ereg( ( !ereg( ( !ereg( ( !ereg( "^"^"^"^\\\$[0([0([0([0----9]{3}9]{3}9]{3}9]{3}\\\$[0)[0)[0)[0----9]{3}9]{3}9]{3}9]{3}----[0[0[0[0----9]{4}$"9]{4}$"9]{4}$"9]{4}$",,,,

20 $phone ) ){$phone ) ){$phone ) ){$phone ) ){

21

form.php(1 of 4)

.

Outline

48

22 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<p><span style = "<p><span style = "<p><span style = "<p><span style = \\\\"color: red;"color: red;"color: red;"color: red;

23 font font font font----size: 2emsize: 2emsize: 2emsize: 2em\\\\">">">">

24 INVALID PHONE NUMBER</span><br /> INVALID PHONE NUMBER</span><br /> INVALID PHONE NUMBER</span><br /> INVALID PHONE NUMBER</span><br />

25 A valid phone number must be in the form A valid phone number must be in the form A valid phone number must be in the form A valid phone number must be in the form

26 <strong>(555)555 <strong>(555)555 <strong>(555)555 <strong>(555)555----5555<5555<5555<5555</strong><br />/strong><br />/strong><br />/strong><br />

27 <span style = <span style = <span style = <span style = \\\\"color: blue"color: blue"color: blue"color: blue\\\\"> "> "> ">

28 Click the Back button, enter a valid phone Click the Back button, enter a valid phone Click the Back button, enter a valid phone Click the Back button, enter a valid phone

29 number and resubmit.<br /><br /> number and resubmit.<br /><br /> number and resubmit.<br /><br /> number and resubmit.<br /><br />

30 Thank You.</span></p></body></html>"Thank You.</span></p></body></html>"Thank You.</span></p></body></html>"Thank You.</span></p></body></html>" ); ); ); );

31

32 die();die();die();die(); // terminate script execution// terminate script execution// terminate script execution// terminate script execution

33 } } } }

34 ?>?>?>?>

35

36 <p> <p> <p> <p>Hi Hi Hi Hi


38 <strong> <strong> <strong> <strong>

39 <?php <?php <?php <?php printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "$fname""$fname""$fname""$fname" ); ); ); ); ?>?>?>?>

40 </stro </stro </stro </strong>ng>ng>ng>

41 </span> </span> </span> </span>....

42 Thank you for completing the survey.Thank you for completing the survey.Thank you for completing the survey.Thank you for completing the survey.<br /><br /><br /><br />

43

form.php(2 of 4)

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Outline

49

44 You have been added to the You have been added to the You have been added to the You have been added to the



47 <?php <?php <?php <?php printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "$book ""$book ""$book ""$book " ); ); ); ); ?>?>?>?>



50 mailing list. mailing list. mailing list. mailing list.

51 </ </ </ </p>p>p>p>

52 <strong> <strong> <strong> <strong>The following information has been saved The following information has been saved The following information has been saved The following information has been saved

53 in our database:in our database:in our database:in our database:</strong><br /></strong><br /></strong><br /></strong><br />

54

55 <table border = <table border = <table border = <table border = "0""0""0""0" cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = "0""0""0""0" cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = "10""10""10""10">>>>

56 <tr> <tr> <tr> <tr>

57 <td bgcolor = <td bgcolor = <td bgcolor = <td bgcolor = "#ffffaa""#ffffaa""#ffffaa""#ffffaa">>>>NNNName ame ame ame </td></td></td></td>

58 <td bgcolor =<td bgcolor =<td bgcolor =<td bgcolor = "#ffffbb""#ffffbb""#ffffbb""#ffffbb">>>>EmailEmailEmailEmail</td></td></td></td>

59 <td bgcolor = <td bgcolor = <td bgcolor = <td bgcolor = "#ffffcc""#ffffcc""#ffffcc""#ffffcc">>>>PhonePhonePhonePhone</td></td></td></td>

60 <td bgcolor = <td bgcolor = <td bgcolor = <td bgcolor = "#ffffdd""#ffffdd""#ffffdd""#ffffdd">>>>OSOSOSOS</td></td></td></td>

61 </tr> </tr> </tr> </tr>

62

63 <tr> <tr> <tr> <tr>


65

form.php(3 of 4)

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Outline

50

form.php(4 of 4)

66 // print each form field’s value// print each form field’s value// print each form field’s value// print each form field’s value

67 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<td>$fname $lname</td>"<td>$fname $lname</td>"<td>$fname $lname</td>"<td>$fname $lname</td>

68 <td><td><td><td>$email$email$email$email</td></td></td></td>

69 <td>$phone</td><td>$phone</td><td>$phone</td><td>$phone</td>

70 <td>$os</td>"<td>$os</td>"<td>$os</td>"<td>$os</td>" ); ); ); );

71 ?>?>?>?>

72 </tr> </tr> </tr> </tr>


74

75 <br /><br /><br /> <br /><br /><br /> <br /><br /><br /> <br /><br /><br />

76 <div style = <div style = <div style = <div style = "font"font"font"font----size: 10pt; textsize: 10pt; textsize: 10pt; textsize: 10pt; text----align: center"align: center"align: center"align: center">>>>

77 This is only a sample form. This is only a sample form. This is only a sample form. This is only a sample form.

78 You have not been added to a mailing list.You have not been added to a mailing list.You have not been added to a mailing list.You have not been added to a mailing list.

79 </di </di </di </div>v>v>v>



51


Fig. 7.14 Obtaining user input through forms.

52

7.6 Verifying a Username and Password

• Private website– Only accessible to certain individuals

– Encrypt username and password data when sending, storing and retrieving for increased security

• Implementing password checking– Login information stored in file

• fopen function

• Read, write, append modes

– Store data using fputs• \n newline character

– Close files when done• fclose function

53


• Implementing password checking, cont.– Trim newline character

• chop function

– Split string into substrings given a certain delimiter• split function

– If username/password match list, allow access

.

Outline

54



3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6



9 <title> <title> <title> <title>Verifying a username and a password.Verifying a username and a password.Verifying a username and a password.Verifying a username and a password.</title></title></title></title>

10

11 <style<style<style<style typetypetypetype = = = = "text/css""text/css""text/css""text/css">>>>

12 td td td td {{{{ background background background background----color: color: color: color: #DDDDDD #DDDDDD #DDDDDD #DDDDDD }}}}

13 </style></style></style></style>


15

16 <body style = <body style = <body style = <body style = "font"font"font"font----family: arial"family: arial"family: arial"family: arial">>>>

17 <p style = <p style = <p style = <p style = "font"font"font"font----size: 13pt"size: 13pt"size: 13pt"size: 13pt">>>>

18 Type in your username and password below. Type in your username and password below. Type in your username and password below. Type in your username and password below.

19 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

20 <span style = <span style = <span style = <span style = "color: #0000FF; font"color: #0000FF; font"color: #0000FF; font"color: #0000FF; font----sizsizsizsize: 10pt;e: 10pt;e: 10pt;e: 10pt;

21 font font font font----weight: bold"weight: bold"weight: bold"weight: bold">>>>

22 Note that password will be sent as plain textNote that password will be sent as plain textNote that password will be sent as plain textNote that password will be sent as plain text


24 </p> </p> </p> </p>

25

password.html(1 of 4)

.

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55

26 <!<!<!>>>

27 <form action = <form action = <form action = <form action = "password.php""password.php""password.php""password.php" method = method = method = method = "post""post""post""post">>>>

28 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

29

30 <table border = <table border = <table border = <table border = "0""0""0""0" cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = "0""0""0""0"

31 style = style = style = style = "height: 90px; width: 123px; "height: 90px; width: 123px; "height: 90px; width: 123px; "height: 90px; width: 123px;

32 fontfontfontfont----size: 10pt" size: 10pt" size: 10pt" size: 10pt" cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = "0""0""0""0">>>>

33

34 <tr> <tr> <tr> <tr>

35 <td colspan = <td colspan = <td colspan = <td colspan = "3""3""3""3"> > > >

36 <strong> <strong> <strong> <strong>Username:Username:Username:Username:</strong></strong></strong></strong>

37 </td> </td> </td> </td>

38 </tr> </tr> </tr> </tr>

39

40 <tr> <tr> <tr> <tr>

41 <td colspan = <td colspan = <td colspan = <td colspan = "3""3""3""3">>>>

42 <input size = <input size = <input size = <input size = "40""40""40""40" name = name = name = name = "USERNAME""USERNAME""USERNAME""USERNAME"

43 style = style = style = style = "height: 22px; width: 115px""height: 22px; width: 115px""height: 22px; width: 115px""height: 22px; width: 115px" /> /> /> />

44 </td> </td> </td> </td>

45 </tr> </tr> </tr> </tr>

46

.

Outline

56

47 <tr> <tr> <tr> <tr>


49 <strong> <strong> <strong> <strong>Password:Password:Password:Password:</strong></strong></strong></strong>

50 </td> </td> </td> </td>

51 </tr> </tr> </tr> </tr>

52

53 <tr> <tr> <tr> <tr>


55 <input size = <input size = <input size = <input size = "40""40""40""40" name = name = name = name = "PASSWORD""PASSWORD""PASSWORD""PASSWORD"

56 style = style = style = style = "height: 22px; width: 115px""height: 22px; width: 115px""height: 22px; width: 115px""height: 22px; width: 115px"

57 type = type = type = type = "password""password""password""password" /> /> /> />

58 <br/></td> <br/></td> <br/></td> <br/></td>

59 </tr> </tr> </tr> </tr>

60

61 <tr> <tr> <tr> <tr>


63 <input type =<input type =<input type =<input type = "submit""submit""submit""submit" name = name = name = name = "Enter""Enter""Enter""Enter"

64 value = value = value = value = "Enter" "Enter" "Enter" "Enter" style =style =style =style = "height: 23px;"height: 23px;"height: 23px;"height: 23px;

65 width: 47px" width: 47px" width: 47px" width: 47px" />/>/>/>

66 </td> </td> </td> </td>


68 <input type =<input type =<input type =<input type = "submit""submit""submit""submit" name =name =name =name = "NewUser""NewUser""NewUser""NewUser"

69 value = value = value = value = "New User""New User""New User""New User"

70 style = style = style = style = "height: 23px""height: 23px""height: 23px""height: 23px" />/>/>/>

71 </td> </td> </td> </td>


.

Outline

57

72 </tr> </tr> </tr> </tr>






58


Fig. 7.15 XHTML form for obtaining a username and password.

.

Outline

59



3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6




10 extract( $_POST ); extract( $_POST ); extract( $_POST ); extract( $_POST );

11

12 // check if user has left USERNAME or PASSWORD field blank// check if user has left USERNAME or PASSWORD field blank// check if user has left USERNAME or PASSWORD field blank// check if user has left USERNAME or PASSWORD field blank

13 ifififif ( ( ( ( !$USERNAME !$USERNAME !$USERNAME !$USERNAME || !$PASSWORD|| !$PASSWORD|| !$PASSWORD|| !$PASSWORD ) { ) { ) { ) {

14 fieldsBlank(); fieldsBlank(); fieldsBlank(); fieldsBlank();

15 die(); die(); die(); die();

16 } } } }

17

18 // check if the New User button was clicked // check if the New User button was clicked // check if the New User button was clicked // check if the New User button was clicked

19 if if if if ( ( ( ( isset( $NewUser )isset( $NewUser )isset( $NewUser )isset( $NewUser ) ) { ) { ) { ) {

20

21 // open password.txt for writi// open password.txt for writi// open password.txt for writi// open password.txt for writing using append modeng using append modeng using append modeng using append mode

22 ifififif ( !( $file = fopen( ( !( $file = fopen( ( !( $file = fopen( ( !( $file = fopen( "password.txt""password.txt""password.txt""password.txt",,,,

23 "a""a""a""a" ) ) ) { ) ) ) { ) ) ) { ) ) ) {

24

password.php(1 of 7)

.

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60

25 // print error message and terminate script // print error message and terminate script // print error message and terminate script // print error message and terminate script

26 // execution if file cannot be opened // execution if file cannot be opened // execution if file cannot be opened // execution if file cannot be opened

27 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<title>Error</title></head><body>"<title>Error</title></head><body>"<title>Error</title></head><body>"<title>Error</title></head><body>

28 Could not open password fileCould not open password fileCould not open password fileCould not open password file

29 </body></html>"</body></html>"</body></html>"</body></html>" ); ); ); );

30 die();die();die();die();

31 } } } }

32

33 // write username and password to file and // write username and password to file and // write username and password to file and // write username and password to file and

34 // call function userAdded // call function userAdded // call function userAdded // call function userAdded

35 fputs( $file, fputs( $file, fputs( $file, fputs( $file, "$USERNAME,$PASSWORD"$USERNAME,$PASSWORD"$USERNAME,$PASSWORD"$USERNAME,$PASSWORD\\\\n"n"n"n" ); ); ); );

36 userAdded( $USERNAME ); userAdded( $USERNAME ); userAdded( $USERNAME ); userAdded( $USERNAME );

37 }}}}

38 elseelseelseelse { { { {

39

40 // if a new user is not being added, open file // if a new user is not being added, open file // if a new user is not being added, open file // if a new user is not being added, open file

41 // for reading // for reading // for reading // for reading

42 ifififif ( !( $file = fopen( ( !( $file = fopen( ( !( $file = fopen( ( !( $file = fopen( "password.txt""password.txt""password.txt""password.txt",,,,

43 "r""r""r""r" ) ) ) { ) ) ) { ) ) ) { ) ) ) {

44 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<title>Error</title></head>"<title>Error</title></head>"<title>Error</title></head>"<title>Error</title></head>

45 <body>Could not open password file<body>Could not open password file<body>Could not open password file<body>Could not open password file

46 </body></html>"</body></html>"</body></html>"</body></html>" ); ); ); );

47 die(); die(); die(); die();

48 } } } }

49


.

Outline

61

50 $userVerified = $userVerified = $userVerified = $userVerified = 0000;;;;

51

52 // read each line in file and check username // read each line in file and check username // read each line in file and check username // read each line in file and check username

53 // and password // and password // and password // and password

54 while while while while ( ( ( ( !feof( $file )!feof( $file )!feof( $file )!feof( $file ) && !$userVerified ) { && !$userVerified ) { && !$userVerified ) { && !$userVerified ) {

55

56 // read line from file// read line from file// read line from file// read line from file

57 $line = $line = $line = $line = fgets( $file, fgets( $file, fgets( $file, fgets( $file, 255255255255 ) ) ) );;;;

58

59 // remove newline character from end of line // remove newline character from end of line // remove newline character from end of line // remove newline character from end of line

60 $line = $line = $line = $line = chop( $line )chop( $line )chop( $line )chop( $line );;;;

61

62 // split username and password// split username and password// split username and password// split username and password

63 $field$field$field$field = = = = split( split( split( split( ","","","",", $line, , $line, , $line, , $line, 2222 ) ) ) );;;;

64

65 // verify username// verify username// verify username// verify username

66 if if if if ( $USERNAME == $field[ ( $USERNAME == $field[ ( $USERNAME == $field[ ( $USERNAME == $field[ 0000 ] ) { ] ) { ] ) { ] ) {

67 $userVerified = $userVerified = $userVerified = $userVerified = 1111;;;;

68

69 // call function checkPassword to verify // call function checkPassword to verify // call function checkPassword to verify // call function checkPassword to verify

70 // user’s password // user’s password // user’s password // user’s password

71 if if if if ( checkPassword( $PASSWORD, $field ) ( checkPassword( $PASSWORD, $field ) ( checkPassword( $PASSWORD, $field ) ( checkPassword( $PASSWORD, $field )

72 == == == == truetruetruetrue ) ) ) )

73 accessGranted( $USERNAME );accessGranted( $USERNAME );accessGranted( $USERNAME );accessGranted( $USERNAME );

74 else else else else

75 wrowrowrowrongPassword();ngPassword();ngPassword();ngPassword();


.

Outline

62

76 }}}}

77 }}}}

78

79 // close text file // close text file // close text file // close text file

80 fclose( $file );fclose( $file );fclose( $file );fclose( $file );

81

82 // call function accessDenied if username has // call function accessDenied if username has // call function accessDenied if username has // call function accessDenied if username has

83 // not been verified // not been verified // not been verified // not been verified

84 ifififif ( !$userVerified ) ( !$userVerified ) ( !$userVerified ) ( !$userVerified )

85 accessDenied();accessDenied();accessDenied();accessDenied();

86 } } } }

87

88 // // // // verify user password and return a booleanverify user password and return a booleanverify user password and return a booleanverify user password and return a boolean

89 functionfunctionfunctionfunction checkPassword( $userpassword, $filedata ) checkPassword( $userpassword, $filedata ) checkPassword( $userpassword, $filedata ) checkPassword( $userpassword, $filedata )

90 { { { {

91 ifififif ( $userp ( $userp ( $userp ( $userpassword == $filedata[ assword == $filedata[ assword == $filedata[ assword == $filedata[ 1111 ] ) ] ) ] ) ] )

92 returnreturnreturnreturn truetruetruetrue;;;;

93 elseelseelseelse

94 returnreturnreturnreturn falsefalsefalsefalse;;;;

95 } } } }

96


.

Outline

63

97 // print a message indicating the user has been added // print a message indicating the user has been added // print a message indicating the user has been added // print a message indicating the user has been added

98 function function function function userAdded( $name ) userAdded( $name ) userAdded( $name ) userAdded( $name )

99 {{{{

100 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<title>Thank You</title></head>"<title>Thank You</title></head>"<title>Thank You</title></head>"<title>Thank You</title></head>

101 <body style = <body style = <body style = <body style = \\\\"font"font"font"font----family: arial; family: arial; family: arial; family: arial;

102 font font font font----size: 1em; color: bluesize: 1em; color: bluesize: 1em; color: bluesize: 1em; color: blue\\\\"> "> "> ">

103 <strong>You have been added <strong>You have been added <strong>You have been added <strong>You have been added

104 to the user list, $name. to the user list, $name. to the user list, $name. to the user list, $name.

105 <br />Enjoy the site.</strong>"<br />Enjoy the site.</strong>"<br />Enjoy the site.</strong>"<br />Enjoy the site.</strong>" ); ); ); );

106 }}}}

107

108 // print a message in // print a message in // print a message in // print a message indicating permission dicating permission dicating permission dicating permission

109 // has been granted // has been granted // has been granted // has been granted

110 function function function function accessGranted( $name ) accessGranted( $name ) accessGranted( $name ) accessGranted( $name )

111 { { { {

112 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<title>Thank You</title></head>"<title>Thank You</title></head>"<title>Thank You</title></head>"<title>Thank You</title></head>

113 <body style = <body style = <body style = <body style = \\\\"font"font"font"font----family: arial;family: arial;family: arial;family: arial;

114 font font font font----size: 1em; color: bluesize: 1em; color: bluesize: 1em; color: bluesize: 1em; color: blue\\\\">">">">

115 <strong>Permission has been <strong>Permission has been <strong>Permission has been <strong>Permission has been

116 granted, $name. <br /> granted, $name. <br /> granted, $name. <br /> granted, $name. <br />

117 Enjoy the site.</strong>"Enjoy the site.</strong>"Enjoy the site.</strong>"Enjoy the site.</strong>" ); ); ); );

118 } } } }

119


.

Outline

64

120 // print a message indicating password is invalid // print a message indicating password is invalid // print a message indicating password is invalid // print a message indicating password is invalid

121 function function function function wrongPassword() wrongPassword() wrongPassword() wrongPassword()

122 { { { {

123 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<title>Access Denied</title></head>"<title>Access Denied</title></head>"<title>Access Denied</title></head>"<title>Access Denied</title></head>


125 font font font font----size: 1em; color: redsize: 1em; color: redsize: 1em; color: redsize: 1em; color: red\\\\">">">">

126 <strong>You entered an invalid <strong>You entered an invalid <strong>You entered an invalid <strong>You entered an invalid

127 password.<br />Access has password.<br />Access has password.<br />Access has password.<br />Access has

128 been denied.</strong>"been denied.</strong>"been denied.</strong>"been denied.</strong>" ); ); ); );

129 }}}}

130

131 // print a message indicating a // print a message indicating a // print a message indicating a // print a message indicating access has been deniedccess has been deniedccess has been deniedccess has been denied

132 function function function function accessDenied() accessDenied() accessDenied() accessDenied()

133 { { { {





138 You were denied access to this server. You were denied access to this server. You were denied access to this server. You were denied access to this server.

139 <br /></strong>" <br /></strong>" <br /></strong>" <br /></strong>" ););););

140 } } } }

141


.

Outline

65

142 // print a message indicating that fields // print a message indicating that fields // print a message indicating that fields // print a message indicating that fields

143 // have been left blank // have been left blank // have been left blank // have been left blank

144 function function function function fieldsBlank() fieldsBlank() fieldsBlank() fieldsBlank()

145 { { { {





150 Please fill in all form fields. Please fill in all form fields. Please fill in all form fields. Please fill in all form fields.

151 <br /></strong>" <br /></strong>" <br /></strong>" <br /></strong>" ););););

152 } } } }

153 ?>?>?>?>




66


Fig. 7.16 Verifying a username and password.

.

Outline

67

password.txt(1 of 1)

1 account1,password1account1,password1account1,password1account1,password1










68

7.7 Connecting to a Database

• Databases– Store and maintain data

– MySQL is a free database product

– PHP supports many database operations• Access databases from Web pages

.

Outline

69



3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6

7 <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = "htt"htt"htt"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"p://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"p://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"p://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>


9 <title> <title> <title> <title>Sample Database QuerySample Database QuerySample Database QuerySample Database Query</title></title></title></title>


11

12 <body style = <body style = <body style = <body style = "background"background"background"background----color: #F0E68C"color: #F0E68C"color: #F0E68C"color: #F0E68C">>>>

13 <h2 style = <h2 style = <h2 style = <h2 style = "font"font"font"font----family: arial color: blue"family: arial color: blue"family: arial color: blue"family: arial color: blue">>>>

14 Querying a MySQuerying a MySQuerying a MySQuerying a MySQL database.QL database.QL database.QL database.

15 </h2> </h2> </h2> </h2>

16

17 <form method = <form method = <form method = <form method = "post""post""post""post" action = action = action = action = "database.php""database.php""database.php""database.php">>>>

18 <p> <p> <p> <p>Select a field to display:Select a field to display:Select a field to display:Select a field to display:

19

20 <! <! <!  > > >

21 <! <! <! >>>

data.html(1 of 2)

.

Outline

70

22 <select name = <select name = <select name = <select name = "select""select""select""select">>>>

23 <option selected = <option selected = <option selected = <option selected = "selected""selected""selected""selected">>>>****</option></option></option></option>

24 <option><option><option><option>IDIDIDID</option></option></option></option>

25 <option><option><option><option>TitleTitleTitleTitle</option></option></option></option>

26 <option><option><option><option>CategoryCategoryCategoryCategory</option></option></option></option>

27 <option><option><option><option>ISBNISBNISBNISBN</option></option></option></option>

28 </select></select></select></select>

29 </p> </p> </p> </p>

30

31 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "submit""submit""submit""submit" value = value = value = value = "Send "Send "Send "Send Query"Query"Query"Query"

32 style = style = style = style = "background"background"background"background----color: blue; color: blue; color: blue; color: blue;

33 color: yellow; fontcolor: yellow; fontcolor: yellow; fontcolor: yellow; font----weight: bold"weight: bold"weight: bold"weight: bold" />/>/>/>




data.html(2 of 2)

71


Fig. 7.18 Form to query a MySQL database.

72


• Interacting with databases– SQL

• Structured Query Language

• Used to manipulate databases

– Several useful functions• mysql_connect

• mysql_select_db

• mysql_query

• mysql_error

• mysql_fetch_row

• mysql_close

.

Outline

73



3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6 <!<!<!>>>

7



10 <title> <title> <title> <title>Search ResultsSearch ResultsSearch ResultsSearch Results</title></title></title></title>


12

13 <body style = <body style = <body style = <body style = "font"font"font"font----family: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sans----serif"serif"serif"serif"

14 style = style = style = style = "backgroun"backgroun"backgroun"backgroundddd----color: #F0E68C"color: #F0E68C"color: #F0E68C"color: #F0E68C">>>>


16


18

19 // build SELECT query // build SELECT query // build SELECT query // build SELECT query

20 $query = $query = $query = $query = "SELECT ""SELECT ""SELECT ""SELECT " . $select . . $select . . $select . . $select . " FROM Books"" FROM Books"" FROM Books"" FROM Books";;;;

21

22 // Connect to MySQL // Connect to MySQL // Connect to MySQL // Connect to MySQL

23 ifififif ( !( $databas ( !( $databas ( !( $databas ( !( $database = e = e = e = mysql_connectmysql_connectmysql_connectmysql_connect( ( ( ( "localhost""localhost""localhost""localhost",,,,

24 "httpd""httpd""httpd""httpd", , , , """""""" ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

25 diediediedie( ( ( ( "Could not connect to database""Could not connect to database""Could not connect to database""Could not connect to database" ); ); ); );

database.php(1 of 3)

.

Outline

74

26

27 // open Products database // open Products database // open Products database // open Products database

28 if if if if ( ( ( ( !!!!mysql_select_dbmysql_select_dbmysql_select_dbmysql_select_db( ( ( ( "Products""Products""Products""Products", $database ), $database ), $database ), $database ) ) ) ) )

29 diediediedie( ( ( ( "Could not open Products database""Could not open Products database""Could not open Products database""Could not open Products database" ); ); ); );

30

31 // query Products database // query Products database // query Products database // query Products database

32 ifififif ( ( ( ( !( $resul!( $resul!( $resul!( $result = t = t = t = mysql_querymysql_querymysql_querymysql_query( $query, $database ) )( $query, $database ) )( $query, $database ) )( $query, $database ) ) ) { ) { ) { ) {

33 print print print print( ( ( ( "Could not execute query! <br />""Could not execute query! <br />""Could not execute query! <br />""Could not execute query! <br />" ); ); ); );

34 diediediedie( ( ( ( mysql_errormysql_errormysql_errormysql_error() );() );() );() );

35 } } } }

36 ?>?>?>?>

37

38 <h3 style = <h3 style = <h3 style = <h3 style = "color: blue""color: blue""color: blue""color: blue">>>>

39 Search ResultsSearch ResultsSearch ResultsSearch Results</h3></h3></h3></h3>

40

41 <table border = <table border = <table border = <table border = "1""1""1""1" cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = "3""3""3""3" cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = "2""2""2""2"

42 style =style =style =style = "background"background"background"background----color: #ADD8E6"color: #ADD8E6"color: #ADD8E6"color: #ADD8E6">>>>

43


45

46 // fetch each record in result set// fetch each record in result set// fetch each record in result set// fetch each record in result set

47 for for for for ( $counter = ( $counter = ( $counter = ( $counter = 0000; ; ; ;

48 $row = $row = $row = $row = mysql_fetch_rowmysql_fetch_rowmysql_fetch_rowmysql_fetch_row( $result );( $result );( $result );( $result );

49 $counter++ ){ $counter++ ){ $counter++ ){ $counter++ ){

50


.

Outline

75

51 // build table to display results// build table to display results// build table to display results// build table to display results

52 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<tr>""<tr>""<tr>""<tr>" ); ); ); );

53

54 foreach foreach foreach foreach ( $row ( $row ( $row ( $row asasasas $key => $value ) $key => $value ) $key => $value ) $key => $value )

55 print print print print( ( ( ( "<td>$value</td>""<td>$value</td>""<td>$value</td>""<td>$value</td>" ); ); ); );

56

57 print print print print( ( ( ( "</tr>""</tr>""</tr>""</tr>" ); ); ); );

58 } } } }

59

60 mysql_closemysql_closemysql_closemysql_close( $database );( $database );( $database );( $database );

61 ?>?>?>?>

62


64

65 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />Your search yielded Your search yielded Your search yielded Your search yielded <strong><strong><strong><strong>

66 <?php<?php<?php<?php print print print print( ( ( ( "$counter""$counter""$counter""$counter" ) ) ) ) ?> ?> ?> ?> results.results.results.results.<br /><br /></strong><br /><br /></strong><br /><br /></strong><br /><br /></strong>

67

68 <h5> <h5> <h5> <h5>Please email comments toPlease email comments toPlease email comments toPlease email comments to

69 <a href = <a href = <a href = <a href = "mailto:[email protected]""mailto:[email protected]""mailto:[email protected]""mailto:[email protected]">>>>

70 Deitel and Associates, Inc.Deitel and Associates, Inc.Deitel and Associates, Inc.Deitel and Associates, Inc.

71 </a> </a> </a> </a>

72 </h5> </h5> </h5> </h5>

73




76


Fig. 7.19 Querying a database and displaying the results.

77

7.8 Cookies

• Cookies– Store information on client computer

– Track preferences and other information

– Stored as text files on hard drive

– Never store sensitive information, such as credit card numbers, in a cookie

• Security risk

• Cookies and PHP– setcookie function

• Name

• Value

• Expiration date

.

Outline

78



3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6

7 <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = "http:"http:"http:"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>


9 <title><title><title><title>Writing a cookie to the client computerWriting a cookie to the client computerWriting a cookie to the client computerWriting a cookie to the client computer</title></title></title></title>


11

12 <body style = <body style = <body style = <body style = "font"font"font"font----family: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sans----serif; serif; serif; serif;

13 backgroundbackgroundbackgroundbackground----color: #99CCFF"color: #99CCFF"color: #99CCFF"color: #99CCFF">>>>

14

15 <h2> <h2> <h2> <h2>Click Write Cookie to save your cookie data.Click Write Cookie to save your cookie data.Click Write Cookie to save your cookie data.Click Write Cookie to save your cookie data.</h2></h2></h2></h2>

16

cookies.html(1 of 2)

.

Outline

79

17 <form method = <form method = <form method = <form method = "post""post""post""post" action = action = action = action = "cookies.php""cookies.php""cookies.php""cookies.php"

18 style =style =style =style = "font"font"font"font----size: 10pt"size: 10pt"size: 10pt"size: 10pt">>>>

19 <strong><strong><strong><strong>Name:Name:Name:Name:</strong><br /></strong><br /></strong><br /></strong><br />

20 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "text""text""text""text" name = name = name = name = "NAME""NAME""NAME""NAME" /> /> /> /><br /><br /><br /><br />

21

22 <strong> <strong> <strong> <strong>Height:Height:Height:Height:</s</s</s</strong><br />trong><br />trong><br />trong><br />

23 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "text""text""text""text" name = name = name = name = "HEIGHT""HEIGHT""HEIGHT""HEIGHT" /> /> /> /><br /><br /><br /><br />

24

25 <strong> <strong> <strong> <strong>Favorite Color:Favorite Color:Favorite Color:Favorite Color:</strong><br /></strong><br /></strong><br /></strong><br />

26 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "text""text""text""text" name = name = name = name = "COLOR""COLOR""COLOR""COLOR" /> /> /> /><br /><br /><br /><br />

27

28 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "submit""submit""submit""submit" value = value = value = value = "Write C"Write C"Write C"Write Cookie" ookie" ookie" ookie"

29 stylestylestylestyle = = = = "background"background"background"background----color: #F0E86C; color: navy;color: #F0E86C; color: navy;color: #F0E86C; color: navy;color: #F0E86C; color: navy;

30 fontfontfontfont----weight: bold"weight: bold"weight: bold"weight: bold" /></p> /></p> /></p> /></p>




cookies.html(2 of 2)

80

7.8 Cookies

Fig. 7.20 Gathering data to be written as a cookie.

.

Outline

81

1 <?php <?php <?php <?php

2 // Fig. 26.21: cookies.php// Fig. 26.21: cookies.php// Fig. 26.21: cookies.php// Fig. 26.21: cookies.php

3 // Program to write a cookie to a client's machine// Program to write a cookie to a client's machine// Program to write a cookie to a client's machine// Program to write a cookie to a client's machine

4


6 // write each form field’s value to a cookie and set the // write each form field’s value to a cookie and set the // write each form field’s value to a cookie and set the // write each form field’s value to a cookie and set the

7 // cookie’s expiration date // cookie’s expiration date // cookie’s expiration date // cookie’s expiration date

8 setcookiesetcookiesetcookiesetcookie( ( ( ( "Name""Name""Name""Name", $NAME, time() + , $NAME, time() + , $NAME, time() + , $NAME, time() + 60606060 * * * * 60606060 * * * * 24242424 * * * * 5555 ); ); ); );

9 setcookiesetcookiesetcookiesetcookie( ( ( ( "Height""Height""Height""Height", $HEIGHT, time() + , $HEIGHT, time() + , $HEIGHT, time() + , $HEIGHT, time() + 60606060 * * * * 60606060 * * * * 24242424 * * * * 5555 ); ); ); );

10 setcookiesetcookiesetcookiesetcookie( ( ( ( "Color""Color""Color""Color", $COLOR, time() + , $COLOR, time() + , $COLOR, time() + , $COLOR, time() + 60606060 * * * * 60606060 * * * * 24242424 * * * * 5555 ); ); ); );

11 ?>?>?>?>

12

13 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC """"----//W3C//DTD XHTML 1//W3C//DTD XHTML 1//W3C//DTD XHTML 1//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN".0 Transitional//EN".0 Transitional//EN".0 Transitional//EN"


15



18 <title> <title> <title> <title>Cookie SavedCookie SavedCookie SavedCookie Saved</title></title></title></title>


20

21 <body style = <body style = <body style = <body style = "font"font"font"font----family: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sans----serif"serif"serif"serif">>>>

22 <p> <p> <p> <p>The cookie has been set with the following data:The cookie has been set with the following data:The cookie has been set with the following data:The cookie has been set with the following data:</p></p></p></p>

23

cookies.php(1 of 2)

.

Outline

82

24 <!<!<!>>>

25 <br /><span style = <br /><span style = <br /><span style = <br /><span style = "color: blue""color: blue""color: blue""color: blue">>>>Name:Name:Name:Name:</span> </span> </span> </span>

26 <?php<?php<?php<?php printprintprintprint( $NAME ) ( $NAME ) ( $NAME ) ( $NAME ) ?>?>?>?><br /><br /><br /><br />

27

28 <span style = <span style = <span style = <span style = "color: blue""color: blue""color: blue""color: blue">>>>Height:Height:Height:Height:</span> </span> </span> </span>

29 <?php<?php<?php<?php print print print print( ( ( ( $HEI$HEI$HEI$HEIGHT ) GHT ) GHT ) GHT ) ?>?>?>?><br /><br /><br /><br />

30

31 <span style = <span style = <span style = <span style = "color: blue""color: blue""color: blue""color: blue">>>>Favorite Color:Favorite Color:Favorite Color:Favorite Color:</span></span></span></span>

32

33 <span style = <span style = <span style = <span style = "color:"color:"color:"color: <?php<?php<?php<?php print print print print( ( ( ( "$COLOR"$COLOR"$COLOR"$COLOR\\\\">$COLOR"">$COLOR"">$COLOR"">$COLOR" ) ) ) ) ?>?>?>?>

34 </span><br /> </span><br /> </span><br /> </span><br />

35 <p> <p> <p> <p>Click Click Click Click <a href = <a href = <a href = <a href = "readCookies.php""readCookies.php""readCookies.php""readCookies.php">>>>herehereherehere</a</a</a</a>>>>

36 to read the saved cookie. to read the saved cookie. to read the saved cookie. to read the saved cookie.</p></p></p></p>



cookies.php(2 of 2)

83

7.8 Cookies

Fig. 7.21 Writing a cookie to the client.

84

7.8 Cookies

• Reading cookies– $_COOKIE environment variable

• Array

– foreach loop to access each element• Split into key and value

85

7.8 Cookies

• Cookie storage– Internet Explorer

• Stores cookies in Cookies directory

• Text file

86

7.8 Cookies

Fig. 7.22 Cookies directory before a cookie is written.

Fig. 7.23 Cookies directory after a cookie is written.

.

Outline

87



3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6


8 <head><title> <head><title> <head><title> <head><title>Read CookiesRead CookiesRead CookiesRead Cookies</title></head></title></head></title></head></title></head>

9

10 <body style = <body style = <body style = <body style = "font"font"font"font----family: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sans----serif"serif"serif"serif">>>>

11

12 <p> <p> <p> <p>


14 The following data is saved in a cookie on your The following data is saved in a cookie on your The following data is saved in a cookie on your The following data is saved in a cookie on your

15 computer.computer.computer.computer.


17 </p> </p> </p> </p>

18

readCookies.php(1 of 2)

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Outline

88

19 <table border = <table border = <table border = <table border = "5""5""5""5" cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = "0""0""0""0" cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = "10""10""10""10">>>>


21

22 // iterate through array $_COOKIE and print // iterate through array $_COOKIE and print // iterate through array $_COOKIE and print // iterate through array $_COOKIE and print

23 // name and value of each cookie // name and value of each cookie // name and value of each cookie // name and value of each cookie

24 foreachforeachforeachforeach ( $_COOKIE ( $_COOKIE ( $_COOKIE ( $_COOKIE asasasas $key = $key = $key = $key => $value )> $value )> $value )> $value )

25 print print print print( ( ( ( "<tr> "<tr> "<tr> "<tr>

26 <td bgcolor=<td bgcolor=<td bgcolor=<td bgcolor=\\\\"#F0E68C"#F0E68C"#F0E68C"#F0E68C\\\\">$key</td>">$key</td>">$key</td>">$key</td>

27 <td bgcolor=<td bgcolor=<td bgcolor=<td bgcolor=\\\\"#FFA500"#FFA500"#FFA500"#FFA500\\\\">$value</td>">$value</td>">$value</td>">$value</td>

28 </tr>"</tr>"</tr>"</tr>" ); ); ); );

29 ?>?>?>?>

30

31 </table </table </table </table>>>>



readCookies.php(2 of 2)

89

7.8 Cookies

Fig. 7.24 Displaying the cookie’s content.

90

7.9 Dynamic Content in PHP

• Dynamically alter XHTML content– Form’s action property set to same page that contains it

– Perform different actions when page is loaded and form is submitted• isset variable

– Check for errors• Write different XHTML when errors encountered

– $$variable syntax• References variable whose name equals the value of $variable

– If input is valid, make MySQL database calls

.

Outline

91

1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC """"----//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"


3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6

7 <html xmlns =<html xmlns =<html xmlns =<html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>


9 <title><title><title><title>Sample form to take user input in XHTMLSample form to take user input in XHTMLSample form to take user input in XHTMLSample form to take user input in XHTML</title></title></title></title>


11

12 <body><body><body><body>


14 extract ( $_POST ); extract ( $_POST ); extract ( $_POST ); extract ( $_POST );

15 $iserror = $iserror = $iserror = $iserror = falsefalsefalsefalse;;;;

16

17 // array of book titles// array of book titles// array of book titles// array of book titles

18 $booklist = $booklist = $booklist = $booklist = arrayarrayarrayarray( ( ( ( "Internet and WWW How to Program 3e""Internet and WWW How to Program 3e""Internet and WWW How to Program 3e""Internet and WWW How to Program 3e",,,,

19 "C++ How to Program 4e""C++ How to Program 4e""C++ How to Program 4e""C++ How to Program 4e",,,,

20 "Java How to Program 5e""Java How to Program 5e""Java How to Program 5e""Java How to Program 5e",,,,

21 "XML How to Program 1e""XML How to Program 1e""XML How to Program 1e""XML How to Program 1e" ); ); ); );

22

dynamicForm.php(1 of 9)

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Outline

92

23 // array of possible operating systems// array of possible operating systems// array of possible operating systems// array of possible operating systems

24 $systemlist = $systemlist = $systemlist = $systemlist = arrayarrayarrayarray( ( ( ( "Windows XP""Windows XP""Windows XP""Windows XP",,,,

25 "Windows 2000""Windows 2000""Windows 2000""Windows 2000",,,,

26 "Windows 98""Windows 98""Windows 98""Windows 98",,,,

27 "Linux""Linux""Linux""Linux",,,,

28 "Other""Other""Other""Other"););););

29

30 // array of name and alt values// array of name and alt values// array of name and alt values// array of name and alt values for the text input fields for the text input fields for the text input fields for the text input fields

31 $inputlist = $inputlist = $inputlist = $inputlist = arrayarrayarrayarray( ( ( ( "fname""fname""fname""fname" => => => => "First Name""First Name""First Name""First Name",,,,

32 "lname""lname""lname""lname" => => => => "Last Name""Last Name""Last Name""Last Name",,,,

33 "email""email""email""email" => => => => "Email""Email""Email""Email",,,,

34 "phone""phone""phone""phone" => => => => "Phone""Phone""Phone""Phone" ); ); ); );

35

36 ifififif ( isset ( $submit ) ) { ( isset ( $submit ) ) { ( isset ( $submit ) ) { ( isset ( $submit ) ) {

37 ifififif ( $fname == ( $fname == ( $fname == ( $fname == """""""" ) { ) { ) { ) {

38 $formerrors[ $formerrors[ $formerrors[ $formerrors[ "fnameerror""fnameerror""fnameerror""fnameerror" ] = ] = ] = ] = truetruetruetrue;;;;

39 $iserror = $iserror = $iserror = $iserror = truetruetruetrue;;;;

40 } } } }

41

42 ifififif ( $lname == ( $lname == ( $lname == ( $lname == """""""" ) { ) { ) { ) {

43 $formerrors[ $formerrors[ $formerrors[ $formerrors[ "l"l"l"lnameerror"nameerror"nameerror"nameerror" ] = ] = ] = ] = truetruetruetrue;;;;


45 } } } }

46


.

Outline

93

47 ifififif ( $email == ( $email == ( $email == ( $email == """""""" ) { ) { ) { ) {

48 $formerrors[ $formerrors[ $formerrors[ $formerrors[ "emailerror""emailerror""emailerror""emailerror" ] = ] = ] = ] = truetruetruetrue;;;;


50 } } } }

51

52 ifififif ( !ereg( ( !ereg( ( !ereg( ( !ereg( "^"^"^"^\\\$[0([0([0([0----9]{3}9]{3}9]{3}9]{3}\\\$[0)[0)[0)[0----9]{3}9]{3}9]{3}9]{3}----[0[0[0[0----9]{4}$"9]{4}$"9]{4}$"9]{4}$", $phone ) ) {, $phone ) ) {, $phone ) ) {, $phone ) ) {

53 $formerrors[ $formerrors[ $formerrors[ $formerrors[ """"phoneerror"phoneerror"phoneerror"phoneerror" ] = ] = ] = ] = truetruetruetrue;;;;


55 } } } }

56

57 ifififif ( !$iserror ) { ( !$iserror ) { ( !$iserror ) { ( !$iserror ) {

58

59 // build INSERT query// build INSERT query// build INSERT query// build INSERT query

60 $query = $query = $query = $query = "INSERT INTO contacts ""INSERT INTO contacts ""INSERT INTO contacts ""INSERT INTO contacts " . . . .

61 "( LastName, FirstNa"( LastName, FirstNa"( LastName, FirstNa"( LastName, FirstName, Email, Phone, Book, OS ) "me, Email, Phone, Book, OS ) "me, Email, Phone, Book, OS ) "me, Email, Phone, Book, OS ) " . . . .

62 "VALUES ( '$lname', '$fname', '$email', ""VALUES ( '$lname', '$fname', '$email', ""VALUES ( '$lname', '$fname', '$email', ""VALUES ( '$lname', '$fname', '$email', " . . . .

63 "'""'""'""'" . quotemeta( $phone ) . . quotemeta( $phone ) . . quotemeta( $phone ) . . quotemeta( $phone ) . "', '$book', '$os' )""', '$book', '$os' )""', '$book', '$os' )""', '$book', '$os' )";;;;

64

65 // Connect to MySQL// Connect to MySQL// Connect to MySQL// Connect to MySQL

66 ifififif ( !( $database = my ( !( $database = my ( !( $database = my ( !( $database = mysql_connect( sql_connect( sql_connect( sql_connect( "localhost""localhost""localhost""localhost", , , ,


68 die( "Could not connect to database" ); die( "Could not connect to database" ); die( "Could not connect to database" ); die( "Could not connect to database" );

69

70 // open MailingList database// open MailingList database// open MailingList database// open MailingList database

71 ifififif ( !mysql_select_db( ( !mysql_select_db( ( !mysql_select_db( ( !mysql_select_db( "MailingList""MailingList""MailingList""MailingList", $database ) ), $database ) ), $database ) ), $database ) )

72 die( die( die( die( "Could not open MailingList database""Could not open MailingList database""Could not open MailingList database""Could not open MailingList database" ); ); ); );


.

Outline

94

73

74 // execute query in MailingList database// execute query in MailingList database// execute query in MailingList database// execute query in MailingList database

75 ifififif ( !( $result = mysql_query( $query, $database ) ) ) { ( !( $result = mysql_query( $query, $database ) ) ) { ( !( $result = mysql_query( $query, $database ) ) ) { ( !( $result = mysql_query( $query, $database ) ) ) {

76 print( print( print( print( "Could not execute query! <br />""Could not execute query! <br />""Could not execute query! <br />""Could not execute query! <br />" ); ); ); );

77 die( mysql_error() ); die( mysql_error() ); die( mysql_error() ); die( mysql_error() );

78 } } } }

79

80 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<p>Hi"<p>Hi"<p>Hi"<p>Hi

81 <span style = 'color: blue'><span style = 'color: blue'><span style = 'color: blue'><span style = 'color: blue'>

82 <strong>$fname</strong></span>.<strong>$fname</strong></span>.<strong>$fname</strong></span>.<strong>$fname</strong></span>.

83 Thank you for completing the survey.<br />Thank you for completing the survey.<br />Thank you for completing the survey.<br />Thank you for completing the survey.<br />

84

85 You have You have You have You have been added to thebeen added to thebeen added to thebeen added to the


87 <strong>$book</strong></span><strong>$book</strong></span><strong>$book</strong></span><strong>$book</strong></span>

88 mailing list.mailing list.mailing list.mailing list.

89 </p></p></p></p>

90 <strong>The following information has been saved<strong>The following information has been saved<strong>The following information has been saved<strong>The following information has been saved

91 in our database:</strong><br />in our database:</strong><br />in our database:</strong><br />in our database:</strong><br />

92

93 <table border = '0' cellpadding = '0' cellspacing = '10'><table border = '0' cellpadding = '0' cellspacing = '10'><table border = '0' cellpadding = '0' cellspacing = '10'><table border = '0' cellpadding = '0' cellspacing = '10'>

94 <tr><tr><tr><tr>

95 <td bgcolor = '#ffffaa'>Name</td><td bgcolor = '#ffffaa'>Name</td><td bgcolor = '#ffffaa'>Name</td><td bgcolor = '#ffffaa'>Name</td>

96 <td bgcolor = '#fff<td bgcolor = '#fff<td bgcolor = '#fff<td bgcolor = '#ffffbb'>Email</td>fbb'>Email</td>fbb'>Email</td>fbb'>Email</td>

97 <td bgcolor = '#ffffcc'>Phone</td><td bgcolor = '#ffffcc'>Phone</td><td bgcolor = '#ffffcc'>Phone</td><td bgcolor = '#ffffcc'>Phone</td>


.

Outline

95

98 <td bgcolor = '#ffffdd'>OS</td><td bgcolor = '#ffffdd'>OS</td><td bgcolor = '#ffffdd'>OS</td><td bgcolor = '#ffffdd'>OS</td>

99 </tr></tr></tr></tr>

100 <tr><tr><tr><tr>

101

102 <!<!<!>>>

103 <td>$fname $lname</td><td>$fname $lname</td><td>$fname $lname</td><td>$fname $lname</td>

104 <td>$email</td><td>$email</td><td>$email</td><td>$email</td>

105 <td>$phone</td><td>$phone</td><td>$phone</td><td>$phone</td>

106 <td>$os</td><td>$os</td><td>$os</td><td>$os</td>

107 </tr></table></tr></table></tr></table></tr></table>

108

109 <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />

110 <div style = 'font<div style = 'font<div style = 'font<div style = 'font----size: 10pt; textsize: 10pt; textsize: 10pt; textsize: 10pt; text----align: center'>align: center'>align: center'>align: center'>

111 <div style =<div style =<div style =<div style = 'font 'font 'font 'font----size : 18pt'>size : 18pt'>size : 18pt'>size : 18pt'>

112 <a href = 'formDatabase.php'><a href = 'formDatabase.php'><a href = 'formDatabase.php'><a href = 'formDatabase.php'>

113 Click here to view entire database.</a></div>Click here to view entire database.</a></div>Click here to view entire database.</a></div>Click here to view entire database.</a></div>

114 This is only a sample form. This is only a sample form. This is only a sample form. This is only a sample form.

115 You have not been added to a mailing list.You have not been added to a mailing list.You have not been added to a mailing list.You have not been added to a mailing list.

116 </div></body></html>"</div></body></html>"</div></body></html>"</div></body></html>" ); ); ); );

117 die(); die(); die(); die();

118 } } } }

119 } } } }

120

121 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<h1>This is a sample registration form.</h1>"<h1>This is a sample registration form.</h1>"<h1>This is a sample registration form.</h1>"<h1>This is a sample registration form.</h1>

122 Please fill in all fields and click Register."Please fill in all fields and click Register."Please fill in all fields and click Register."Please fill in all fields and click Register." ); ); ); );

.

Outline

96

123

124 ifififif ( $iserror ) { ( $iserror ) { ( $iserror ) { ( $iserror ) {

125 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<br /><span style = 'color : red'>"<br /><span style = 'color : red'>"<br /><span style = 'color : red'>"<br /><span style = 'color : red'>

126 Fields with * need to be filled in properly.</span>"Fields with * need to be filled in properly.</span>"Fields with * need to be filled in properly.</span>"Fields with * need to be filled in properly.</span>" ); ); ); );

127 } } } }

128

129 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<!"<!"<!">>>

130 <form method = 'post' action = 'dynamicform.php'><form method = 'post' action = 'dynamicform.php'><form method = 'post' action = 'dynamicform.php'><form method = 'post' action = 'dynamicform.php'>

131 <img src = 'images/user.gif' alt = 'User' /><br /><img src = 'images/user.gif' alt = 'User' /><br /><img src = 'images/user.gif' alt = 'User' /><br /><img src = 'images/user.gif' alt = 'User' /><br />


133 Please fill outPlease fill outPlease fill outPlease fill out the fields below.<br /> the fields below.<br /> the fields below.<br /> the fields below.<br />

134 </span></span></span></span>

135

136 <!<!<!">">">" ); ); ); );

137 foreachforeachforeachforeach ( $inputlist ( $inputlist ( $inputlist ( $inputlist asasasas $inputname => $inputalt ) { $inputname => $inputalt ) { $inputname => $inputalt ) { $inputname => $inputalt ) {

138 $inputtext = $inputvalues[ $inputname ]; $inputtext = $inputvalues[ $inputname ]; $inputtext = $inputvalues[ $inputname ]; $inputtext = $inputvalues[ $inputname ];

139

140 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<img src = 'images/$inputname.gif'"<img src = 'images/$inputname.gif'"<img src = 'images/$inputname.gif'"<img src = 'images/$inputname.gif'

141 alt = '$inputalt' /><input type = 'text'alt = '$inputalt' /><input type = 'text'alt = '$inputalt' /><input type = 'text'alt = '$inputalt' /><input type = 'text'

142 name = '$inputname' value = '"name = '$inputname' value = '"name = '$inputname' value = '"name = '$inputname' value = '" . $$inputname . . $$inputname . . $$inputname . . $$inputname . "' />""' />""' />""' />" ); ); ); );

143

144 ifififif ( $formerrors[ ( $formerrors[ ( $formerrors[ ( $formerrors[ ( $inputname ). ( $inputname ). ( $inputname ). ( $inputname )."error""error""error""error" ] == ] == ] == ] == truetruetruetrue ) ) ) )

145 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<span style = 'color : red'>*</span>""<span style = 'color : red'>*</span>""<span style = 'color : red'>*</span>""<span style = 'color : red'>*</span>" ); ); ); );

146

147 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<br />""<br />""<br />""<br />" ); ); ); );

148 } } } }

.

Outline

97

149

150 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<span style = 'font"<span style = 'font"<span style = 'font"<span style = 'font----size : 10pt"size : 10pt"size : 10pt"size : 10pt" ); ); ); );

151

152 ifififif ( $formerrors[ ( $formerrors[ ( $formerrors[ ( $formerrors[ "phoneerror""phoneerror""phoneerror""phoneerror" ] ) ] ) ] ) ] )

153 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "; color : red""; color : red""; color : red""; color : red" ); ); ); );

154

155 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "'>Must be in the form (555)555"'>Must be in the form (555)555"'>Must be in the form (555)555"'>Must be in the form (555)555----5555555555555555

156 </span><br /><b</span><br /><b</span><br /><b</span><br /><br />r />r />r />

157

158 <img src = 'images/downloads.gif'<img src = 'images/downloads.gif'<img src = 'images/downloads.gif'<img src = 'images/downloads.gif'

159 alt = 'Publications' /><br />alt = 'Publications' /><br />alt = 'Publications' /><br />alt = 'Publications' /><br />

160


162 Which book would you like information about?Which book would you like information about?Which book would you like information about?Which book would you like information about?

163 </span><br /></span><br /></span><br /></span><br />

164

165 <!<!<!>>>

166 <select name = 'book'>"<select name = 'book'>"<select name = 'book'>"<select name = 'book'>" ); ); ); );

167

168 foreachforeachforeachforeach ( $booklist ( $booklist ( $booklist ( $booklist asasasas $currbook ) { $currbook ) { $currbook ) { $currbook ) {

169 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<option""<option""<option""<option" ); ); ); );

170

171 ifififif ( ( $currbook == $book ) ) ( ( $currbook == $book ) ) ( ( $currbook == $book ) ) ( ( $currbook == $book ) )

172 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( " selected = 'true'"" selected = 'true'"" selected = 'true'"" selected = 'true'" ); ); ); );

173

.

Outline

98

174 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( ">$currbook</option>"">$currbook</option>"">$currbook</option>"">$currbook</option>" ); ); ); );

175 } } } }

176

177 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "</select><br /><br />"</select><br /><br />"</select><br /><br />"</select><br /><br />

178 <img src = 'images/os.gif' alt = 'Operating System' /><img src = 'images/os.gif' alt = 'Operating System' /><img src = 'images/os.gif' alt = 'Operating System' /><img src = 'images/os.gif' alt = 'Operating System' />

179 <br /><span style = 'color: blue'><br /><span style = 'color: blue'><br /><span style = 'color: blue'><br /><span style = 'color: blue'>

180 Which operating system are you currently using?Which operating system are you currently using?Which operating system are you currently using?Which operating system are you currently using?

181 <br /></span><br /></span><br /></span><br /></span>

182

183 <!<!<!">">">" ); ); ); );

184

185 $counter = $counter = $counter = $counter = 0000;;;;

186

187 foreachforeachforeachforeach ( $systemlist ( $systemlist ( $systemlist ( $systemlist asasasas $currsystem ) { $currsystem ) { $currsystem ) { $currsystem ) {

188 prinprinprinprintttt( ( ( ( "<input type = 'radio' name = 'os'"<input type = 'radio' name = 'os'"<input type = 'radio' name = 'os'"<input type = 'radio' name = 'os'

189 value = '$currsystem'"value = '$currsystem'"value = '$currsystem'"value = '$currsystem'" ); ); ); );

190

191 ifififif ( $currsystem == $os ) ( $currsystem == $os ) ( $currsystem == $os ) ( $currsystem == $os ) printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "checked = 'checked'""checked = 'checked'""checked = 'checked'""checked = 'checked'" ); ); ); );

192 ifififif ( $iserror && $counter == ( $iserror && $counter == ( $iserror && $counter == ( $iserror && $counter == 0000 ) ) ) ) printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "checked = 'checked'""checked = 'checked'""checked = 'checked'""checked = 'checked'" ); ); ); );

193

194 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( " />$currsystem"" />$currsystem"" />$currsystem"" />$currsystem" ); ); ); );

195

196 ifififif ( $counter == ( $counter == ( $counter == ( $counter == 2222 ) ) ) ) printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<br />""<br />""<br />""<br />" ); ); ); );

197 $counter++; $counter++; $counter++; $counter++;

198 } } } }

199

.

Outline

99

200 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<!"<!"<!">>>

201 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

202 <input type = 'submit' name = 'submit' value = 'Register' /><input type = 'submit' name = 'submit' value = 'Register' /><input type = 'submit' name = 'submit' value = 'Register' /><input type = 'submit' name = 'submit' value = 'Register' />

203 </form></body></html>"</form></body></html>"</form></body></html>"</form></body></html>" ); ); ); );

204 ?>?>?>?>

100


Fig. 7.25 Dynamic form using PHP.

101


Fig. 7.25 Dynamic form using PHP.

.

Outline

102

1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC """"----//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"


3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6 <!<!<!>>>

7

8 <html xmlns =<html xmlns =<html xmlns =<html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>


10 <title><title><title><title>Search ResultsSearch ResultsSearch ResultsSearch Results</title></title></title></title>


12

13 <body style =<body style =<body style =<body style = "font"font"font"font----family: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sans----serif"serif"serif"serif"

14 style =style =style =style = "backg"backg"backg"backgroundroundroundround----color: #F0E68C"color: #F0E68C"color: #F0E68C"color: #F0E68C">>>>


16


18

19 // build SELECT query// build SELECT query// build SELECT query// build SELECT query

20 $query = $query = $query = $query = "SELECT * FROM contacts""SELECT * FROM contacts""SELECT * FROM contacts""SELECT * FROM contacts";;;;

21

22 // Connect to MySQL// Connect to MySQL// Connect to MySQL// Connect to MySQL

23 ifififif ( !( $databa ( !( $databa ( !( $databa ( !( $database = mysql_connect( se = mysql_connect( se = mysql_connect( se = mysql_connect( "localhost""localhost""localhost""localhost", , , ,


25 die( die( die( die( "Could not connect to database""Could not connect to database""Could not connect to database""Could not connect to database" ); ); ); );

formDatabase.php(1 of 3)

.

Outline

103

26

27 // open MailingList database// open MailingList database// open MailingList database// open MailingList database

28 ifififif ( !mysql_select_db( ( !mysql_select_db( ( !mysql_select_db( ( !mysql_select_db( "MailingList""MailingList""MailingList""MailingList", $database ) ), $database ) ), $database ) ), $database ) )

29 die( die( die( die( "Could not open MailingList database""Could not open MailingList database""Could not open MailingList database""Could not open MailingList database" ); ); ); );

30

31 // query MailingList database// query MailingList database// query MailingList database// query MailingList database

32 ifififif ( !( $result = mysql_query( $query, $database ) ) ) { ( !( $result = mysql_query( $query, $database ) ) ) { ( !( $result = mysql_query( $query, $database ) ) ) { ( !( $result = mysql_query( $query, $database ) ) ) {

33 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Could not execute query! <br />""Could not execute query! <br />""Could not execute query! <br />""Could not execute query! <br />" ); ); ); );

34 die( mysql_error() ); die( mysql_error() ); die( mysql_error() ); die( mysql_error() );

35 } } } }

36 ?>?>?>?>

37

38 <h3 style =<h3 style =<h3 style =<h3 style = "color: blue""color: blue""color: blue""color: blue">>>>

39 Mailing Mailing Mailing Mailing List ContactsList ContactsList ContactsList Contacts</h3></h3></h3></h3>

40

41 <table border =<table border =<table border =<table border = "1""1""1""1" cellpadding =cellpadding =cellpadding =cellpadding = "3""3""3""3" cellspacing =cellspacing =cellspacing =cellspacing = "2""2""2""2"

42 style =style =style =style = "background"background"background"background----color: #ADD8E6"color: #ADD8E6"color: #ADD8E6"color: #ADD8E6">>>>

43

44 <tr><tr><tr><tr>

45 <td><td><td><td>IDIDIDID</td></td></td></td>

46 <td><td><td><td>Last NameLast NameLast NameLast Name</td></td></td></td>

47 <td><td><td><td>First NameFirst NameFirst NameFirst Name</td></td></td></td>

48 <td><td><td><td>EEEE----mail Addressmail Addressmail Addressmail Address</td></td></td></td>

49 <td><td><td><td>Phone NumberPhone NumberPhone NumberPhone Number</td></td></td></td>

50 <td><td><td><td>BookBookBookBook</td></td></td></td>


.

Outline

104

51 <td><td><td><td>Operating SystemOperating SystemOperating SystemOperating System</td></td></td></td>

52 </tr></tr></tr></tr>


54

55 // fetch each record in result set// fetch each record in result set// fetch each record in result set// fetch each record in result set

56 forforforfor ( $counter = ( $counter = ( $counter = ( $counter = 0000; ; ; ;

57 $row = mysql_fetch_row( $result ); $row = mysql_fetch_row( $result ); $row = mysql_fetch_row( $result ); $row = mysql_fetch_row( $result );

58 $counter++ ){ $counter++ ){ $counter++ ){ $counter++ ){

59

60 // build table to display results// build table to display results// build table to display results// build table to display results

61 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<tr>""<tr>""<tr>""<tr>" ); ); ); );

62

63 foreachforeachforeachforeach ( $row ( $row ( $row ( $row asasasas $key => $value ) $key => $value ) $key => $value ) $key => $value )

64 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<td>$value</td>""<td>$value</td>""<td>$value</td>""<td>$value</td>" ); ); ); );

65

66 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "</tr>""</tr>""</tr>""</tr>" ); ); ); );

67 } } } }

68

69 mysql_close( $database ); mysql_close( $database ); mysql_close( $database ); mysql_close( $database );

70 ?>?>?>?>

71

72 </table></table></table></table>

73

74 </body></body></body></body>



105


Fig. 7.26 Displaying the MailingList database.

106

7.10 Operator PrecedenceOperator Type Associativity new constructor none [] subscript right to left ~ ! ++ -- - @

bitwise not not increment decrement unary negative error control

right to left

* / %

multiplication division modulus

left to right

+ - .

addition subtraction concatenation

left to right

<< >>

bitwise shift left bitwise shift right

left to right

< > <= >=

less than greater than less than or equal greater than or equal

none

== != === !==

equal not equal identical not identical

none

Fig. 26.27 PHP operator precedence and associativity.

107

7.10 Operator PrecedenceOperator Type Associativity & bitwise AND left to right ^ bitwise XOR left to right | bitwise OR left to right && logical AND left to right || logical OR left to right = += -= *= /= &= |= ^= .= <<= >>=

assignment addition assignment subtraction assignment multiplication assignment division assignment bitwise AND assignment bitwise OR assignment bitwise exclusive OR assignment concatenation assignment bitwise shift left assignment bitwise shift right assignment

left to right

and logical AND left to right xor exclusive OR left to right or logical OR left to right , list left to right

Fig. 26.27 PHP operator precedence and associativity.

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