phys 101- l . 1
TRANSCRIPT
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Physics 101Physics 101
: المقرر استاذة
الفيزياء – قسم العلوم كلية
رقم : مكتب
: المدونة رابطwww.shaimaaabdelraof.blogspot.com
د: شيماء عبد الرؤوف محمد
2.900
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Physics for Scientists and Engineers 6th Eds, Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett.
Text Books
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Chapter ( 1)Chapter ( 1)
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Fundamental quantities & Derived quantities
Physical quantity can be used to describe certain physical phenomenon.
The physical quantity can be measured or calculated.
For example, ruler can be used for measuring certain distance & stopwatch is used to measure time.
In contrast, velocity is calculated from distance per time.
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In mechanics, the three most fundamental ( basic ) quantities are length (L), mass (M), and time (T).
All other physical quantities can be constructed (derived ) from these three.
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Units
Physics Experiments Measurements
Unit systems Accuracy
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Basic Units of Measurements in mechanics
Length Mass Time
SI unitsMeter(m)
Kilogram(kg)
Second(s)
CGS unitsCentimeter(cm)
Gram(g) Second(s)
BEFoot(ft) slug(sl) Second(s)
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All other quantities can be derivedderived from the basic units.. for example :
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الفيزيائية الكميات مختلف مع للتعاملتقسيمها تم فانه االساسية الوحدات باستخدام
مضاعفاتها : او اصغر وحدات الي
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The Conversion of Units
We can convert any unit from one system to another by using the conversion factors.
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Table of Conversion
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Example -1
Convert 12 inches to centimeters.
Ans. : From the table: 1 inch = 2.54 cm
inch 1
cm 2.54(12 inches) x ( ) = 30.5 cm we find that 12 in= .
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The highest waterfall in the world is in Venezuela, with a total drop of 979.0 m. Express this drop in feet.
Ans. : From the table: 1 m = 3.281 ft
so Length = 3212 ft.
Example -2
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Dimensional AnalysisThe dimensional analysis is important in checking the
validity of any mathematical expression. The dimension of any quantity will be defined in brackets [ ].
For example the dimension of velocity is [ ] = L/T
Example:
The dimensional form of this equation can be written as:
221 atx
LT
T
LL
atx
22
2
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Problem: Show that the expression v = v0 + at ,
is dimensionally correct , where v and v0 represent velocities, a is acceleration , and t is a time interval.
Dimensional Analysis
Ans: .
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A more general procedure is to set up an expression using dimensional analysis.
Example: find the value of ( n , m ) in the following expression:
Dimensional Analysis
mntax
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Trigonometry
Pythagorean TheoremThe square of the length of the hypotenuse of a triangle is equal to the sumOf the squares of the lengths of the other two sides:
220
2ahhh
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A person measures the height of a building by walking out a distance of 46.0 m from its base and shining a flashlight beam toward the top. When the beam is elevated at an angle of 39.0˚ with respect to the horizontal, as shown in Figure, the beam just strikes the top of the building .
Find the height of the building , and the distance the flashlight beam has to travel before it strikes the top of the building.
Example:
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Scalar and Vector Quantity
A scalar quantity is one that can be described with a single number (including any units) giving its size or magnitude.
A vector quantity is one that deals inherently with both magnitude and direction.
Note: arrows are used to present the direction of the vector, and the length of the arrow represents the magnitude.
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Home Work
Problem 1 : If a car is traveling at a speed of 28.0 m/s, is it exceeding the speed limit of 55.0 mi/h?
Problem 2 : The traffic light turns green, and the driver of a high-performance car slams the accelerator to the floor.The accelerometer registers 22.0 m/s2. Convert this reading to km/min2.