phys-h406 – nuclear reactor physics – academic year 2014-2015 phys-h406 – nuclear reactor...
TRANSCRIPT
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PHYS-H406 – Nuclear Reactor Physics
3-2-0
Academic year 2014-2015
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Nuclear installations in Belgium
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(Source: SPF Economie, AMPERE Commission report)(Source: World Nuclear Association website, 22/09/2014)
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Detailed installed power in MWe
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Final shutdown in 2015 (nuclear phaseout law, governmental decision of Summer 2012)
Lifetime extension until 2025 (nuclear phaseout law, governmental decision of Summer 2012)
(Source: W
orld Nuclear A
ssociation website, 22/09/2014)
Temporary shutdown from June (D3)/September (T2) 2012 until May 2013, then from March 25, 2014 on: microcracks in the reactor vessel detected during their decennial revision
Total capacity larger than originally (installed power increased when steam generators (see description of a PWR) were replaced
Beginning of August 2014
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Detailed installed power in MWe
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Lifetime extension till 20?? (security of supply, future governmental decision)
Lifetime extension until 2025 (nuclear phaseout law, governmental decision of Summer 2012)
(Source: W
orld Nuclear A
ssociation website, 22/09/2014)
Temporary shutdown from June (D3)/September (T2) 2012 until May 2013, then from March 25, 2014 on: see http://www.fanc.fgov.be/fr/page/dossier-pressure-vessel-doel-3-tihange-2/1488.aspx
Sabotage at the turbine level in Doel 4, August 5, 2014: expected restart of operation in early December 2014, early January 2015?
And now…
?
?
?
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Nuclear installations in the world (1/2)
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(Source: World Nuclear Association website, 22/09/2014)
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Nuclear installations in the world
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(Source: World Nuclear Association website, 22/09/2014)
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Some facts…• Between 50 and 55% of electricity generation in
Belgium due to the electronuclear channel• Law concerning nuclear phase-out still applicable
in Belgium… and already not literally applied for Tihange 1
• Construction of MYRRHA at the Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK-CEN) in Mol (expected for 2023-25)
Research reactor with a fast spectrum: accelerator-driven system, both subcritical and critical configurations possible, cooled down by a liquid Pb-Bi eutectic, prototype of a generation-IV reactor
7(Source: SCK-CEN Mol)
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Some facts… (cont’d)Even in the assumption of…+ Dismantling of the Belgian power plants+ Management of radioactive waste
huge needs in the world nuclear industry of highly-qualified staff
• Despite the Fukushima event, many plants are under construction or planned, both in neighbouring and emerging countries (new plants (Finland), EPRs in France, projects of new constructions (UK)…)
• Few countries took a decision against nuclear energy after Fukushima (Germany, Switzerland, Italy)
• Other applications of nuclear energy beside electricity generation
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And probably …• Lifetime extension of (some of) the current
Belgian nuclear power plants (lack of technologically effective or mature alternatives)
• Environmental constraints and climate changes • Necessary short- and mid-term reflection on the
Belgian and European energy policy • Ambitious research programs for the
development of new concepts of reactors: inherently safer, producing less waste and operationally more flexible (Generation IV)
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Objectives of the program in nuclear engineering
• Technical expertise– Nuclear engineering
modeling of power plantsFor their exploitation (including control/safety)For research
Contacts with the nuclear industry and research institutions like e.g. SCK-CEN in Mol
– Ionizing radiations
dosimetry and radiation protection
• Open-mindedness to the energy generation issue in a broad sense 10
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The educational program in Nuclear Engineering at ULB
MA1
• PHYS-H406 – Nuclear reactor physics (3-2-0) – P.E. Labeau
• PHYS-H408 – Operation, control and safety of nuclear power plants (2-1-0) – J.J. Van Binnebeek et N. Hollasky (Bel-V)
• PHYS-H405 – Physique nucléaire (3-2-0) – P. Capel
• PHYS-H407 – Métrologie nucléaire (2-0-4) – N. Pauly
(+ possibly the project)
Visit of a power plant (Tihange or
Doel)
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MA2 – option nuclear engineering
• PHYS-H512 – Thermalhydraulics of nuclear power plants (2-1-1) – P. Raymond (CEA, France)
• PHYS-H513 – Advanced reactors and nuclear fuel cycles (3-0-0) – D. Haas (European Commission) and P. Baeten (SCK-CEN)
• PHYS-H514 – Reliability and safety (1.5-1.5-0) – P.E. Labeau
• PHYS-H523 – Nuclear safety methodologies (1-1-1) – P.E. Labeau
Lab sessions (on research reactors!!) at
the Belgian nuclear research center SCK-
CEN in Mol
Lab sessions using industrial codes in the GDF Suez-Tractebel
premises
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MA2 – option nuclear engineering (cont’d)
• GEST-H506 – Energy Policy and Management (2-0-0) – S. Furfari (Commission Européenne)
• PHYS-Y017 – Thermal Power Plants and their Environmental impact (3-0-0) – VUB
• MATH-H507 – Méthodes de Monte Carlo (1-1-0) – A. Dubus
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MA2
• Opportunities of a 3-month, 10-ECTS internship (possibly abroad)
• Master thesis (in the faculty or in the nuclear sector)
• Study year at the INSTN (Institut National des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique) program called “Génie Atomique” :One term of courses (CEA Saclay or Cadarache)A second term for the internship (possibly in the USA)
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Objectives of this course
Knowing that the energy produced in a nuclear reactor comes from fissions of heavy nuclei induced by incident neutrons:
Set up the balance of the neutron population in a reactor, given all possible interactions between the neutrons and their environment
Study solution methods for this balance equation Establish under which conditions the fission chain reaction
reaction is self-sustained …
… and more generally: Study the modeling of particle transport phenomena Interpret physically the associated mathematical formalism
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Course organisation: 60% theory, 40% exercises Lecture notes of R.Beauwens in French (but slight differences) +
Powerpoint files on http://mntek3.ulb.ac.be/pub/PHYS-H-406/ Reference book: Nuclear reactor analysis, J.J. Duderstadt, L.J. Hamilton (all figures, unless otherwise stated, come from these two references)
Presentation of a PWR design and operation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1MK2WJSgdg (French), http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSFgmLW1Crw (English)
Calendar of lectures and exercises: see excel file on web page
Exercises: compulsory! No project this year Absences during the tutorials: mark obtained for the exercises during the
exam weighted by the percentage of presence during the tutorials Mark made of 60% for the theory and 40% for the exercises of the exam Written exam (th+ex) for the 1st session, oral exam for the 2nd
Course still being modified comments welcome
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