physical and chemical changes. properties of matter all pure substances have characteristic...
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Physical and Chemical Changes
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Properties of Matter•All pure substances have
characteristic properties
•Properties are used to distinguish between substances
•Properties are also used to separate substances
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Physical Properties•A Physical Property is a characteristic
that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance
•Physical properties describe the substance itself
•Examples▫Physical State▫Color▫Mass, shape, length▫Magnetic properties
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States of Matter•There are three common states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas
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Solids•Definite shape and definite volume•Particles are packed tightly together and held in fixed positions
•Particles vibrate about fixed points
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Liquids•Definite volume•Takes the shape of its container
▫Example: Milk in a glass vs. Milk in a gallon jug
•Particles can move past each other (fluid)▫Fluid – Anything that can be poured
•Particles move more rapidly than in a solid
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Gases•No definite shape, takes the shape of
its container•No definite volume•Particles are spread far apart and move
past each other rapidly
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Chemical Properties•A Chemical Property
indicates how a substance will react with another
•Chemical properties cannot be determined without changing the identity of the substance
•Examples:▫Iron Rusting▫Silver Tarnishing
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Physical Changes• A Physical Change is
a change in a substance that does not alter the substance’s identity▫Examples:
Grinding Cutting Mixing
• ALL CHANGES OF STATE ARE PHYSICAL CHANGES!!
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Changes of State•Melting – solid becomes a liquid •Freezing – liquid becomes a solid•Melting and Freezing Points are the
SAME TEMPERATURE
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Changes of State•Condensation – gas becomes a liquid•Boiling – liquid becomes a gas•Condensation and Boiling Points are the
SAME TEMPERATURE
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Changes of State•Sublimation – solid becomes a gas
▫Example: dry ice•Deposition – gas becomes a solid
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Chemical Changes•A change in which one or more
substances are converted into different substances is called a Chemical Change
•Signs of a Chemical Change:▫Color Change▫Gas is Released▫Temperature Change▫Precipitate – Solid falls out of solution▫Substance Disappears
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Intensive vs. Extensive Properties•Extensive properties depend on
the amount of matter that is present▫Examples: Energy in a substance,
Volume, Mass
• Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter present▫Examples: Density, Melting Point,
Boiling Point
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Qualitative vs. Quantitative Measurements
•Qualitative measurements are descriptive▫Examples:
Physical State, Color, Shape, Sound, Smell
•Quantitative measurements are numerical▫Examples:
Length, Mass, Volume, Density