physical and chemical properties - · pdf filephysical science notes . ... color density...
TRANSCRIPT
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
Physical Science Notes
Bellringer Monday 9/29
Please turn in last’s week’s bellringer/science in the
news & grab a new one
Today’s Bellringer: Give an example of a
substance that is soluble in water and an example
of a substance that is not soluble in water.
Physical Properties
PHYSICAL PROPERTY - A feature or characteristic of matter which can be observed without changing the identity of the matter
Examples:
Color Density Conductivity – thermal and electrical
Smell Malleability Melting Point
Taste Ductility Boiling Point
Texture Solubility Magnetism Viscosity
Malleability
Malleability – how well something can be
flattened or stretched without breaking
Metals tend to be malleable
Examples: gold and copper
Wood and glass are NOT
malleable
Malleability
Apple's new iPhone 6 Plus has an aluminum shell for
lightness and apparently lives up to the other
characteristic of aluminum — malleability
Iphone 6 Bend Test
Ductility
Ductility- the ability to be stretched into a wire
Examples: copper, platinum, tungsten
Solubility
Solubility- how well one material dissolves in another material. (Insoluble means cannot dissolve)
Things that affect solubility:
Temperature – as temperature increases so does the rate of dissolving
Stirring – speeds up dissolving
Smaller pieces/particles – dissolve faster than large pieces of material
Amount of solute – greater amounts of solute require longer times to dissolve
Parts of a Solution
Solute - the chemical being
dissolved: the material you
add to a solvent
Solvent - a chemical that
dissolves things: the material
in which you add a solute
Example: Chocolate milk –
the syrup is the solute and
the milk is the solvent
Magnetism
Magnetism - how well something sticks to a magnet
Example: Iron, nickel, and cobalt are the three elements
that are magnetic at room temperature.
Conductivity
Conductivity- There are 2 kinds:
Thermal Conductivity – how well heat travels through
a substance
Electrical Conductivity – how well electricity travels
through a substance
Melting Point
Melting Point- the point at which a solid becomes a
liquid
Boiling Point
Boiling Point- the point at which a liquid becomes a
gas
Viscosity
Viscosity- a substance’s resistance to flow
Chemical Properties
CHEMICAL PROPERTY – a property of matter that
describes a substance based on its ability to
change into a new substance with different
properties
Flammability
Flammability – how well something reacts with
oxygen to produce heat/flame
Reactions with Acid
Reactions with acid – how well something reacts
with an acid. Main reaction with an acid results in
bubbling.
When an acid reacts with another substance, usually
hydrogen gas (which is highly explosive) is released.
Other Reactions
Other Reactions – include heat being released,
bubbling, strong odor, smoke, flame, change of
color, etc.
Non-Reactivity
Non-Reactivity – when something fails to react.
Example: Platinum dropped in acid has no reaction,
nothing happens. Even when held into a flame, platinum
has no reaction
Another
example:
REMEMBER
Main point to remember about Chemical
Reactions:
They always produce a new substance – totally
different than the substance you started with
Most chemical reactions cannot be reversed