physical & chemical changes
DESCRIPTION
Physical & chemical changes. Time to change and rearrange the changes of change. 2 categories of change…. Physical change : any change that does NOT change the property of matter Nothing new is made… Chemical change : a change where something new is made - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Physical & chemical changes
Time to change and rearrange the changes of change
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2 categories of change…
• Physical change: any change that does NOT change the property of matter– Nothing new is made…
• Chemical change: a change where something new is made– Chemical property: how a substances
changes/reacts into something new• yarp
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Physical or chemical change???• Ripping paper• Burning paper• freezing water• Frying an egg• Melting iron• Dissolving sugar into water• Reacting acid with metal to make dangerous
gas• Yarp
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Tricky reminders…
• Phase changes = physical changes– Solid liquid gas– Ice, water, steam all water
• Dissolving =physical change– Sugar dissolved in water… still sugar and water
• yarp
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So much… never too much!!!
• So much we could do an assignment• Yes…• To work…
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Matter…
Layers of matter is good
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• Element = simplest matter• Atom = smallest unit of an element• Elements are the building blocks of all matter• Over 100 of them. On the periodic table.• We use chemical symbols to represent them.• C = carbon• O = oxygen• Co = cobalt• Yrp = yarp
Woa!!!! Capital letters first, then lower case.
Co = cobalt… CO = carbon monoxide
(carbon and oxygen)
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• H = hydrogen He = helium Li = lithium • C = carbon N = nitrogenO = oxygen • F = fluorine Ne = neon Na = sodium • Mg = magnesium Al = aluminum Si =silicon • P = phosphorous S = sulfur Cl = chlorine • K = potassium Ca = calcium Fe = iron • Cu = copper Ag = silver Sn = tin• I = iodine Au = gold Ni = nickel • Hg = mercury Pt = platinum Co = cobalt• Zn = zinc Br = brominePb = lead• As = arsenic U = Uranium Mn= manganese• Ba = barium Fr = francium Yp = yarpium• • You should be able to give me the FULL NAMES or the
CHEMICAL SYMBOLS for these elements!
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Expect quizes…
• Yes… practice time on the goodies of elements… sweetness
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compounds
Putting elements together
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• Compound: 2 or more different elements chemically combined
• Can be broken down into simpler substances• examples– Water = hydrogen and oxygen– Table salt = sodium and chloride– Sugar = carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen– Caffeine = carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
• Molecule: smallest a compound can get…• yarp
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• Chemical formulas = shorthand way of writing compounds
• Rules• 1. write down chemical symbol• 2. give a symbol a subscript in the lower right
hand side for the # of atoms• 3. parenthesis: multiple atoms inside the
(parenthesis) by the subscript on the outside of the parenthesis
• yarp
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examples
• 1 carbon, 4 hydrogen
• CO2
• H3PO4
• 3 carbon, 8 hydrogen, 3 oxygen
• Mg(NO3)2
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• Elemental molecules = diatomic molecules– 2 atom molecules
• 2 of the same atoms bonded together• How they are found in nature– Nitrogen = N2
– Oxygen = O2 – Fluorine = F2 – Chlorine = Cl2 – Bromine = Br2 – Iodine = I2 – Hydrogen = H2
• yarp
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• Finally• Pure substance: a substance made of only
one type of material.– Can NOT be separated by physical means
• Two types– Elements– compounds
• So everything up to this point are pure substances…
• Yarp that
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Mixtures….
Putting it together… taking them apart…
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• Mixture: 2 or more substances physically mixed together– NOT chemically combined…– Any physical change can separate a mixture.
• In mixtures substances keep their unique properties– Taste, how they react, etc…
• yarp
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• Mixtures can be separated physically• Density/let it sit: let more dense things settle• Phase changes.– Boil salt water… water evaporates, salt remains
• Magnetic properties• Filtering– Like coffee
• Chromatography: dissolving separation• Physically separate• yarp
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categories of mixtures
• 1. heterogeneous mixture: not evenly mixed– Cereal, skittles– Any salad dressing/juice you mix before using• Because things settled
• 2. homogeneous mixture: evenly mixed– Two types
• A. Colloid: evenly mixed where the mixed particles do NOT dissolve.– The particles do not settle out either… cloudy
usually• yarp
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Homogeneous mixtures continued
• Types of colloids• milk = solid and liquid mixed• Gelatin = solid and liquid mixed• Whipped cream = gas and liquid mixed• Smoke = solid and gas mixed• Fog = liquid and gas mixed• Yarp
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All done for now!!!!
• Practice time… time to practice..• Sugar lab time… time to use da sugar…• Sweet!!!!!
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Solutions…The other type of evenly mixed mixture…
So popular we give it it’s own day
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• We learned about before…• A. Colloids…• Now…• B. Solutions: one substance dissolves into
another.– Seems to “disappear”
• Dissolve = the ability to go into solution– Something is physically broken down to the
smallest pieces possible (atoms/molecules)• yarp
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Show em how you remember…• Solvent = what things dissolve into• Solute = what gets dissolved into the solvent• Yarp
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Identify the solute and solventDealy Solute SolventLemonade
Ocean
14 K gold ring
Human plasma
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• Human plasma vs. human whole blood
Dealy Plasma Whole bloodMixture Homogeneous HeterogeneousGet paid??? $$$ DonateHow done Take out and re-
inject blood cells
Keep it all
How used? keep human fluids up
Keep fluids up and give person the cells they need
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Types of solutions
Dealy Solute SolventAir Gas (Oxygen) Gas (nitrogen)Carbonated wawa Gas (carbon dioxide) Liquid (wawa)Antifreeze Liquid (ethylene
glycol)Liquid (water)
Ocean Solid (salt) Liquid (wa wa)Jewelry/brass Solid (zinc) Solid (copper)
Water is considered the universal solvent because so many things dissolve into it…
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• Soluble = will go into solution/dissolve• Insoluble = will NOT go into solution/dissolve• Solubility = how well things dissolve• What affects solubility????• Yea… what makes things dissolve faster and
slower???• Yarp????
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Affect rate/speed of solubility• 1. temperature– ↑ temp = ↑ solubility– ↓ temp = ↓ solubility
• 2. surface area– ↑ surface area = ↑ solubility– ↓ surface area = ↓ solubility
• 3. physical energy (stirring)– ↑ stirring = ↑ solubility– ↓ stirring = ↓ solubility
• yarp
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Woa…
• We be done… yet another unit… a woo hoo man!!!
• Hard core review…• Hard core mixtures and pure substances• To the extreme!