PHYSICALDISABILITIES

Lupita Rios Yessica Tamez

WHAT ARE PHYSICAL DISABILITIES? Physical disabilities affect the function of a person’s motor mobility.

TABLE 13.2 List of Physical Disabilities

• Such as severe head injuries, it is the most common acquired disorder

within TBI

• Caused by abnormal electrical discharge within the brain that disrupts the brain’s functioning, may be symptomatic of an

underlining problem

• A disorder or movement and

posture caused by damage to the motor control

centers of the brain

• Occur when the neural tube

surrounding the spine is exposed to the amniotic

fluid during gestation

NEURALTUBE

DEFECTS

CEREBRALPALSY

TRAUMATICBRAININJURY(TBI)

SEIZUREDISORDERS

WHAT IS CEREBRAL PALSY (CP)?

“cerebral” refers to the brain and “palsy”

to disorders of movement

CP refers to a disorder of movement& posture caused by damage to the motor control centers of the

brain

The damage that results in CP can

occur before birth,during the birth

process, or after birth from an accident or

injury

Affects muscle tone, interferes with

voluntary movement and full control of the muscles, and delays gross and fine motor

development

There is no treatment to cure CP, because

the brain damage cannot be corrected

Inability of a muscle to relax

Inability to control the movement of

a muscle.

Problems with balance and coordination.

TYPES: BODY PARTS INVOLVED

MONOPLEGIA HEMIPLEGIA DIPLEGIA QUADRIPLEGIA

Affects one limb, usually an arm.

Affects one side of the body (either left arm & left leg or right arm &

right leg)

The whole body is involved, but the

legs are more severely involved

than the arms.

Involvement is equally distributed

throughout the body.

CAUSES OF CPPRENATAL

(before birth/during pregnancy)

• Maternal infections (rubella, herpes)

• Inflammation of placenta

• Diabetes during pregnancy

• Genetic causes • Exposure to

radiations

PERI-NATAL(immediately before and after birth)

•Prematurity (low weight at birth)•Asphyxia (lack of oxygen in the body)•Birth trauma•Disproportion•Breech delivery •Coagulopathy (bleeding disorder)

POST NATAL(after child birth)

• Brain damage due to trauma, infection, or anoxia

• Motor vehicle accidents • Shaken baby syndrome • Drowning • Lead exposure • Meningitis

SIGNS/SYMPTOMS

Muscle tightness or spasms

Involuntary movement

Disturbance in gait and mobility

Abnormal sensation and perception

Seizures

Impairment of sight, hearing, or speech

Depending on which areas of the brain have been

damaged, someone with CP may experience:

TREATMENT

§ A management program can be started promptly with the assistance of the following professionals:

§ Physicians § Therapists § Educators § Nurses

§ Social workers§ These professionals help with:

§ Occupational therapy § Speech-language therapy

§ Physical

§ Although there is no cure, the following can be used as treatments in order to improve nerve and muscle coordination and prevent or minimize dysfunction:

§ Medications § Surgery § Braces

Why is it necessary to arrange early assessment

and treatment?

Parents can help their child in using

assistive devices to enhance the ability

of independent living, self-care and

communicationThe child can receive

appropriate medical follow-up and rehabilitation services as early as

possible, including proper arrangement, for training and education, so as to

maximize the child’s potential

Parents can understand their child’s developmental needs as early as possible and arrange appropriate care and treatment

to prevent secondary problems, such as tendon

contracture, joint and spinal deformity or emotional and

behavioral problems

The gross motor skills of children (how they sit or walk) with CP can

be categorized into 5 different levels using a tool called the

Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS).

GMFCS Level 1 Children walk at home, school, outdoors and in the community. They can climb stairs without the use of a railing. Children perform gross motor skills such as running, jumping, but speed, balance and coordination are limited.

GMFCS Level 2Children walk in most settings and climb stairs holding onto a railing. They may experience difficulty walking long distances and balancing on uneven terrain, inclines, in crowded areas or confined spaces. Children may walk with physical assistance, a hand-held mobility device or used wheeled mobility over long distances. Children have only minimal ability to perform gross motor skills such as running and jumping.

GMFCS Level 3Children walk using a hand-held mobility device in most indoor settings. They may climb stairs holding onto a railing with supervision or assistance. Children use wheeled mobility when traveling long distances and many self-propel for shorter distances.

GMFCS Level 4Children use methods that require physical assistance or powered mobility in most settings. They may walk for short distances at home with physical assistance or use powered mobility or a body support walked when positioned. At school, outdoors and in the community children are transported in a manual wheelchair or use powered mobility.

CMFCS Level 5Children are transported in a manual wheelchair in all settings. Children are limited in their ability to maintain antigravity head and trunk postures and control leg and arm movements.

FUTURE IMPLICATIONS

As individuals mature, they may require support services such as:

Personal assistance services Continuing therapy

Educational and vocational training Independent living services

CounselingTransportation

Recreation/leisure programs Employment opportunities

People with CP can live a normal life by being able to:Go to school

Have jobsGet married

Independent living services Raise families

Live in homes of their own

WHAT CAN EDUCATORS DO TO HELP IN THE CLASSROOM?

INSTRUCTIONALCUES

Give 1 direction at a

time

Use short,simple, one

concept phrase to

give direction

Be patient and look at the student

when giving instruction

Repeat verbal directions

slowly, firmly, & clearly or use visual

cuesPHYSICALSETTING

Seatedwhere there are minimal movement

behind them

Classroom should be organized

Seated near the teacher &blackboard

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1i1MoNlzYE