physical geology chapter 1. earth science study of the earth and its place in the universe causes of...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Physical Geology
Chapter 1
![Page 2: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Earth Science
• Study of the earth and its place in the universe
• Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation and/or experimentation
• Chinese earthquakes in 780 BCE
• Greek rocks in 200 BCE
• Mayan celestial observations (calendar)
![Page 3: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Branches
• Oceanography
• Meteorology
• Astronomy
• Environmental Science
• GEOLOGY
![Page 4: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Oceanography
• Study waves, tides, currents, floor and water itself
• ¾ of surface• Relatively new
![Page 5: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Meteorology
• A study of Atmospheric conditions ,i.e., weather
• Relatively new• Relatively accurate
![Page 6: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Astronomy
• The universe beyond the earth of which it is a part
• Practical results• Ancient study
– Calendars– Zodiac– Other constellations
![Page 7: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Environmental Science
• Study of how humans interact with their environment, especially the abiotic
• Practical (helps us to survive)
![Page 8: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Geology
• Study of origin, history, processes, and structure of the earth
• Ancient study• Very practical
– Equipment– Resources– Prediction
![Page 9: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Geology Impacts
• Past environments
• Availability of resources
• Understand and interact properly and safely with environment– Roads, buildings, other structures– Conservation and preservation
• Natural forces– Volcanoes and earthquakes
![Page 10: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Goal of Science
• Explain natural phenomena
• Use observation, based upon predictability of nature
• Use experimentation
• Pure science vs. applied science
• Improve quality of life
![Page 11: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
<Ask a question?
Go together<
Go together<
Whether conclusion is right or wrong
![Page 12: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Observations lead to questions
![Page 14: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
A hypothesis is a tentative answer
![Page 15: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Experiments test hypotheses
![Page 17: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Experimental components
• Variable – something that changes in a controlled experiment
• Independent variable – controlled by you• Dependent variable – change as a result• Control – standard for comparison with no
variables• Experiment – control plus a variable• Data/observations – information or results
collected from experimentation
![Page 19: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Draw a conclusion based upon your results
![Page 20: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
If successful, results should be repeatable.
If not successful, a new hypothesis may be necessary, with testing and conclusion to
follow
![Page 22: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
<Ask a question?
Go together<
Go together<
Whether conclusion is right or wrong
![Page 24: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Metrics – How the world measures
• Except U.S. and Burkina-Faso
• Current form is the S.I. (Systeme Internationale
• Easier than Imperial or English
• Based on units of 10
![Page 25: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Measurement Vocabulary
• Accuracy – how close measurement is to true value
• Precision – exactness of value• Error – amount of imprecision or variation• % Error – (accepted value minus
experimental value divided by accepted value) multiplied by 100
• Confidence interval – range of values for a set % of measurements
![Page 29: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Models• To simulate conditions in the natural world
• A description, representation, or imitation of an object, system, process, or concept
• Give an example of a– Physical model– Graphical model– Conceptual model– Mathematical model– Computer model
![Page 30: Physical Geology Chapter 1. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff91a28abf838cbf81d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Scientific Conclusions
• Published or presented
• Peer review
• Development of theory (a consistent explanation that is repeatable)
• Support from other disciplines?