physical geology lab introduction dr. gregg wilkerson ... · physical geology lab introduction dr....
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PHYSICAL GEOLOGY LAB
INTRODUCTION
Dr. Gregg WilkersonMichael Oldershaw
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Earth Science Introduction Lab
Goals:
• Students understand the concept of density
• Students determine densities of various objects
• Students understand the relationship between varioussystems and how they relate
• Students utilize the scientific method to play the game of NIMS and win every time.
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Density of Matter – How “heavy” matter isfor it’s size.
Which is heavier?
A pound ofGold?
A pound of feathers
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DENSITY- is the comparison of mass to a volume that the mass sits in
A B
Box A and B are equal volumes. Which boxhas more mass?
Box B has more mass in it’s volume and has a higherdensity
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Calculating the density of matter
Density = Mass
Volume
Mass (g)Volume (cm3)Density g/cm3
Mass is amount of matterVolume is the “how much space” there is for mass
Calculating Volume of an object:
LW
H
L x W x H
What is the volume of an object with
L = 3 cmW = 2 cmH = 3 cm
18 cm3
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Find the volume of the following objects
102
3
4
6
2
12
12
V = 60 cm3
V = 48 cm3
V = 24 cm3
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Calculating the density of matter:
Density = Mass
VolumeD
M
VX
Calculate the following densities:
M = 35gV = 7 cm3
D =
M = 20gV = 10 cm3
D =
M = V = 4 cm3
D = 5 g/cm3
M = V = 2 cm3
D = 6 g/cm3
M = 25gV = D = 5 g/cm3
M = 8gV =D = 8 g/cm3
5 g/cm3 2 g/cm3
20g
12g5 cm3 1 cm3
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How does density relate to a solid, liquid andgas?
Let’s assume equal volumes below. Which volumehas the most to least density?
Solid Liquid Gas
Most Least
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So, what happens to the density of matterwhen changing from a solid to liquid to gas?
Examples:
(Think of how the particles appear in a solid,liquid and gas)
Solid SolidNo density change
liquid Vapor(gas)
liquid Gas
Change in density
D=36/9
D=12/3
4
4
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Change in density occurs:
• density will change when moving from onephase of matter to another:
solid----liquidliquid----gasgas ---- liquidsolid --- liquid --gas
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Does all matter float? –Yes, it depends onthe density!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Density of Water is1.0 g/cm3
Any matter with a density GREATER than waterwill SINK
Any matter with a density LESS than waterwill FLOAT
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Water = 1.0 g/cm3
What objects will sink or float?
3.2
.6
1.8
19.3Au
.9
g/cm3
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Where will the following objects float in thefollowing fluid densities?
1.0
3.0
5.0
7.0
9.0
4.0
.7
6.0
9.5
5.0
g/cm3
A lower densitymaterial will alwaysFLOAT on a higher densitymaterial
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Earth as a system:• How systems exchange matter and energy
SUN
IsolatedSystem
No exchange ofmatter or energy
SUN
ClosedSystem
Exchange of energybut, no matter
SUN
OpenSystem
Exchange of bothmatter and energy
Which system is the Earth?
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The fragile Earth as a closed system is supported by fourinterrelated open systems
LithosphereRepresents the solid earth
minerals, rocks, and interior
Atmosphere:Thin blanket of gas keeping
life alive, warm, and protected
Hydrosphere:Interaction of all water processes,
only planet with water71% ocean, 12,500 feet deepstreams, lakes, groundwater
Biosphere:Includes all living
organisms on land, in water, and in air
GeosphereInteraction of
all open systems
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Scientific Inquiry – How do we know earth processes are accurate?
The Scientific MethodA set of logical steps scientist use to “get to the
truth” of processes acting in the universe
Making ObservationsCollecting facts, asking why questions,
Making a Hypothesis (predictions on why)explaining how and why it works (after fact finding)
“educated guessing”Testing the hypothesis (experimenting)
performing experimentations that test the accuracythe hypothesis
Scientific Theorywell tested hypothesis – widely accepted view that
explains the observable facts 16
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Part D – Scientific Method
The Game of NIM’s
Objective:Use the scientific method to find strategies that allow
you to win EVERYTIME!!!
1.On each turn, you can take as many chips out of anyONE row you desire.
2. You CANNOT take chips out of columns.
3. The person taking the last chip loses.
RowsColumns
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Part-DUse the last page (scientific method)
Record your
• observations (the way the game is played
• hypothesis (predictions to win)
• test your hypothesis (experiment)
• What strategies are working
• Do you win every-time (theory)
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