Physical media

Coaxial Twisted pair Fiber optic

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Coaxial Cable

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Coaxial Cable Types - Bus

  RG-8 RG-58

Application Thick Ethernet(500 meters)10Base-5

Thin Ethernet(185 meters)10Base-2

Thickness 0.405 inch 0.195 inch

Connector Type

N BNC with a T-fitting

Other

Plenum – space between floors Plenum type cable – demanded by the

National Fire Protection Association that cables run within the plenum have been tested and guaranteed as save, that is, thye must be

Fire retardant and create little or no smoke and poisonous gas when burned

RG-59 for TV, RG-6 for TV and cable modems RG-62 for ARCnet - obsolete

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Twisted-Pair Cable

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UTP Cable Grades EIA/TIA Grade Applications

Cat2 For voice, obsoleteCategory 3 (16 MHz)

Voice-grade telephone networks, 10-Mbps Ethernet, 4-Mbps Token Ring, 100Base-T4 Fast Ethernet, and 100Base-VG-AnyLAN

Category 4 (20 MHz)

16-Mbps Token Ring

Category 5 100Base-TX Fast Ethernet, Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), and Optical Carrier (OC3) Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

Category 5e and 6 1000Base-T (Gigabit Ethernet)

Category 6 (250 MHz)

Become standard in 2002, backbone

Connect s

RJ-11 for phone and DSL (Digital Subscriber Link)

RJ-45 for LAN, use a crimper to connect the wires to the connect first

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Fiber Optic Cable

The Cores

Can be glass for greater distance, or Plastic to reduce cost

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Single Mode vs. Multimode Fiber

Single mode, single-mode optical fiber (SMF) is an optical fiber designed to carry only a single ray of light (mode)

Multimode fiber optic cable has a large diametral core that allows multiple modes of light to propagate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-mode_optical_fiber http://www.multicominc.com/active/manufacturer/

multicom/Fiber%20Optics/singlemode-multimode.html

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Multimode Fiber

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Fiber Optic Cable Types

Singlemode (SMF): Used for wide area networks (WANs) and other long cable runs, glass core, light source is transmitted from end to end and pulsed to communicate, can go up to 40 km

Multimode (MMF): Used for local area networks (LANs) and short cable runs, light is reflected by cladding, core can be either glass or plastic, 1/50 the speed of SMF, 3000 ft distance

Pros and Cons of fiber

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Fiber Optic Connectors (SC, ST)

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Fiber Optic Connectors – ST and SC

See page 64 (N10 – 00 5 edition) for examples of ST and SC connectors

Fiber cables always need a pair – one for each direction (sending and receiving)

Figure 3.8 a MT-RJ

Serial Cables

RS-232 USB (Universal Serial Bus) can connect

up to 127 devices

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Properties of cables

Transmission speed – unit Mbps Distance UTP – 100 meters

Attenuation – the degradation of signal due to medium “burns” energy

Duplex Noise Immunity Frequency

Cat 5e can go 1Gbps for short distance Cat 6, build for 1Gbps

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Wiring Standards

568A straight –through cable 568B Crossover cable Rolled cable Hardware loopback

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568A straight –through cable

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568B Crossover cable

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Rollover – mostly CISCO

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Loopback

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Wiring Distributions

Vertical Between floors

Horizontal Within the same floor

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Patch Panels -- inactive

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Demarc

Demarcation – last point of responsibility

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