Physical Properties of MatterPhysical Properties of Matter

Those characteristics that can be Those characteristics that can be observed without changing the observed without changing the substance into another substance:substance into another substance:

Color Taste Density Melting point

Odor Hardness Solubility Boiling point

Chemical Properties of MatterChemical Properties of Matter

Those characteristics that Those characteristics that can be observed when can be observed when the substance undergoes the substance undergoes a change in compositiona change in composition

Only observable when a Only observable when a substance reacts with substance reacts with another substanceanother substance

Observations:Observations:

Reaction OccurringReaction Occurring

Physical change: Change which Physical change: Change which does not alter its compositiondoes not alter its composition

Chemical change: The Chemical change: The composition of the substance composition of the substance is changed.is changed.

Nuclear change: Rare Nuclear change: Rare One One element is changed into element is changed into anotheranother

States of MatterStates of Matter

Solid: fixed volume, maintains its own Solid: fixed volume, maintains its own shapeshape

Liquid: fixed volume, takes shape of Liquid: fixed volume, takes shape of containercontainer

Gas: takes volume and shape of Gas: takes volume and shape of containercontainer

Plasma: does not exist naturally on Plasma: does not exist naturally on Earth, like a gas but particles are Earth, like a gas but particles are highly charged & energetichighly charged & energetic

Elements: building blocks from Elements: building blocks from which all matter is constructed, which all matter is constructed, they cannot be decomposed into they cannot be decomposed into simpler items by ordinary meanssimpler items by ordinary means

Compounds: pure substances that Compounds: pure substances that are composed of two or more are composed of two or more elements combined in chemically elements combined in chemically fixed proportionsfixed proportions

Comparison of Comparison of Compounds and Compounds and MixturesMixtures

CompoundsCompounds– Elements are present only in a unique ratioElements are present only in a unique ratio– Combination of elements often occurs with Combination of elements often occurs with

emission of light or heatemission of light or heat– Atomic level change evident when Atomic level change evident when

compound formscompound forms– Properties are different than elements Properties are different than elements

composed ofcomposed of– Not easy to reverse back to elementsNot easy to reverse back to elements

Comparison of Comparison of Compounds and Compounds and MixturesMixtures MixturesMixtures

– Elements not present in fixed proportionElements not present in fixed proportion– No dramatic change evident upon No dramatic change evident upon

mixingmixing– No fundamental atomic level changeNo fundamental atomic level change– Properties often average of component Properties often average of component

propertiesproperties– Fairly easy to revert back to individual Fairly easy to revert back to individual

componentscomponents

MixturesMixtures

Either homogeneous or Either homogeneous or heterogeneousheterogeneous

Homogeneous mixture: Uniform Homogeneous mixture: Uniform throughout throughout SolutionSolution

Heterogeneous mixture: Not uniform Heterogeneous mixture: Not uniform on microscopic or macroscopic levelon microscopic or macroscopic level

Mixtures can be combinations of any Mixtures can be combinations of any phasesphases

Which of the following Which of the following are solutions?are solutions? A. chocolate chip ice creamA. chocolate chip ice cream B. stainless steelB. stainless steel C. A glass of Kool-AidC. A glass of Kool-Aid D. a soft drinkD. a soft drink E. The gas used for cooking or E. The gas used for cooking or

heatingheating F. A pair of blue jeansF. A pair of blue jeans

List some common examples of List some common examples of mixturesmixtures

List some common compoundsList some common compounds

Key: Things Key: Things that are tied that are tied together liketogether like

are intended are intended to be to be compounds,compounds,

Shapes alone Shapes alone are intended are intended to be to be elementselements