Physical Science

space

The Zodiac

Signs of The Zodiac

These Are the Constellations Viewed Directly outward from the earth into space

(Mar. 21- April 20)

                                                                               

                    Mars

(Apr. 21- may 21)

                                                                               

     Venus

(May 22-June 21)

                                                                               

     Mercury

(June 22-July 22)

                                                                               

     Moon

(July 23-Aug 22)

                                                                               

                    Sun

(Aug. 23 -Sept. 23)

                                                                               

     mercury

(Sept. 24 -Oct. 23)

                                                                               

                    Venus

(Oct. 24 - Nov. 22)

                                                                               

                    Pluto

(Nov. 23 -Dec. 21)

                                                                               

                    Jupiter

(Dec 22.- Jan. 20)

                                                                               

                    Saturn

(Jan. 21.- Feb. 19)

                                                                               

     Uranus

(Feb. 20-Mar. 20)

                                                                               

                    Neptune

Other Constellations

Other areas in space are defined by star constellations that exist in the direction you look.

Here we see mostly the constellations that are visible in the northern hemisphere

You have to get closer to the equator to see the others.

Movement of Stars

The Big Dipper

The Big Dipper and The North Star

How Stars Are Formed

• Initially, particles of interstellar matter and gas begin to collect in an area that can be larger than our solar system

• These particles are concentrated due to gravity over time

• It becomes so concentrated due to gravity that it’s density increased and the temperature will reach 10 million Kelvin

• At this point Nuclear Fusion starts which releases huge amounts of energy over a long period of time

The Life of a Star

• The life of a star is dependent upon the amount of material it had to start with.

• Ours sun is expected to last 10 billion years.

• Brighter stars have more fuel and are burring at a faster rate – they will have shorter lives

• Slow burning dim stars will have a longer life.

Size of Stars Supergiants - are the largest stars with

diameters several hundred times the size of the Sun.

Giants - diameters 10 to 100 times as large as the Sun.

Red Giants - have cooler temperatures than giants, They are less bright, but their size is still massive. Our Sun is a Red Giant

White dwarfs - are small stars on the order of thousands of miles around

Death of StarsRed Giant – Average size star

• The hydrogen fuel burns out• The remaining particles especially helium

contract• This causes a temperature rise• The helium an unburned hydrogen ignite and

the huge fire ball expands • This expansion will be large and hot enough

to burn off our atmosphere and evaporate all the water in the oceans

• Prepare – there are only about 5 million years left to go

From yahoo images

Death of Stars

• Once the death has occurred, the remaining matter will condense into a white dwarf

• The density of a white dwarf is so large that one teaspoonful would weigh tons

• At this point the matter could cool to an even more dense black dwarf

• Or it could become a nova which is when a black white dwarf attracts layers of hydrogen that occasionally explode.

BLACK HOLE

• A very large star that has undergone gravitational collapse

• Because of its huge gravitational force, even light cannot escape the attraction

• These are hard to detect because they act as a silent, invisible area in space

• We look for bending light rays for evidence of their existence

From yahoo images

Black Holes on You Tube

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2b7xer66ifQ

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOi0xA9GvX8

Galaxies• We live in the milky way galaxy

• There seems to be millions of galaxies as far as we can see with no end in sight

• They are categorized by large collections of stars in space.

Galaxies

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e02aB49TFUA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qIbVbTZCL8g