physical states for bits. black box representations

Physical States for BitsPhysical States for Bits

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Black Box RepresentationsBlack Box Representations

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Truth TablesTruth Tables

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Basic Logic GatesBasic Logic Gates

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NAND and NOR gatesNAND and NOR gates

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Sum of Products CircuitsSum of Products Circuits

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Timing DiagramsTiming Diagrams

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Logic Levels for CMOSLogic Levels for CMOS

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The concept of voltage-The concept of voltage-controlled resistancecontrolled resistance

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nMOS transistornMOS transistor

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pMOS transistorpMOS transistor

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Now we put together nMOS Now we put together nMOS and pMOS transistors to and pMOS transistors to

create an invertercreate an inverter

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Switch Model for CMOS inverterSwitch Model for CMOS inverter

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Logical operation of CMOS inverterLogical operation of CMOS inverter

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Explanation of 2-input CMOS NAND gateExplanation of 2-input CMOS NAND gate

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Switch Model for NAND realized in CMOSSwitch Model for NAND realized in CMOS

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Explanation of CMOS NORExplanation of CMOS NOR

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CMOS NAND with 3 inputsCMOS NAND with 3 inputs

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Example of realization of large Example of realization of large NAND gates in CMOSNAND gates in CMOS

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Buffers realized in CMOSBuffers realized in CMOS

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AND gate in CMOSAND gate in CMOS

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AND-OR-INVERT gate in CMOSAND-OR-INVERT gate in CMOS

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AND-OR-INVERT gate in CMOSAND-OR-INVERT gate in CMOS

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CMOS OR-AND-INVERTCMOS OR-AND-INVERT

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CMOS OR-AND-INVERTCMOS OR-AND-INVERT

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Data Sheets and how to use themData Sheets and how to use them

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Test Circuits and WaveformsTest Circuits and Waveforms

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Input-Output CharacteristicsInput-Output Characteristics

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Logic Levels and Noise Margins Logic Levels and Noise Margins for CMOS logic familyfor CMOS logic family

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Resistive Models of InvertersResistive Models of Inverters

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Resistive model for CMOS Resistive model for CMOS LOWLOW output output with resistive loadwith resistive load

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Black Box RepresentationsBlack Box RepresentationsResistive model for CMOS Resistive model for CMOS HIGHHIGH output output with resistive loadwith resistive load

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Circuit defintions to calculate Circuit defintions to calculate currentscurrents

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Output loading specificationsOutput loading specifications

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Estimating sink and source Estimating sink and source currentscurrents

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CMOS inverters with nonideal CMOS inverters with nonideal input voltagesinput voltages

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Black Box RepresentationsBlack Box RepresentationsCMOS inverter with load and CMOS inverter with load and nonideal 1.5 voltage inputnonideal 1.5 voltage input

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Black Box RepresentationsBlack Box RepresentationsCMOS inverter with load and CMOS inverter with load and nonideal 3.5 voltage inputnonideal 3.5 voltage input