physics chapter 12 xii sindh board

8/16/2019 PHYSICS CHAPTER 12 XII SINDH BOARD

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PHYSICS XII BY ABDULREHMAN AHMED SOOMRO

ontents:OULOMB’S LAW,

ELE TRI FEILD, ELE TRI INTENSITY AND AL ULATION.ELE TRI FLUX AND AL ULATION FLUX DUE TO AR!E.

!AUS S’S LAW AND T RE E A# #LI ATI ONS .ELE TRI #OTENTIAL ENER!YAND #OTENTIAL DIFFEREN E.ABSOLURE #OTENTIAL AND ABSOLUTE ENER!Y' INETI ENER!Y AND LAW OF ONSER(ATION OF ENER!YELE TRON (OLT , RELATION BETWEEN ELE TRI FIELD AND #OTENTIAL , AND E*UI#OTENTAL

SURFA EA#A ITORA#A ITAN E OF #ARALLEL #LATES A#A ITOER

OMBINATION OF A#A ITORS(ARIABLE A#A ITORSE*UATIONS.DIMENSIONS

S ORT *UESTIONS AND ANSWERSE-e t/ost0t s : It s t e /0n o4 5 6s s e75-0 n n8 5 eno9en0 0/ s n8 ;e to t e e7 sten e o4 e-e t/ 0/8es< o not 9o=e 9e0ns, t e6 0/e st0t . E-e t/ost0t 5 eno9en0 0/ se 4/o9 t e 4o/ es t 0t e-e t/ 0/8ese7e/t on e0 ot e/. E-e t/os o5e s e= e ;se to ete t st0t 0/8e.E-e t/ost0t n ; t on : It s 0 /e st/ ;t on o4 e-e t/ 0- 0/8e n 0n o >e t, 0;se 6 t e n4-;en e o4 ne0/ 6

0/8es.on ; to/s: M0te/ 0-s < ont0 n 9o=0 -e 0/8es t 0t 0n 4-o< < t 9 n 90- /es st0n e.

Ins;-0to/s: M0te/ 0-s < t 4e< o/ no 9o=0 -e 0/8es, o/ < t 0/8es < 4-o< < t e7t/e9e-6 8 /es st0n e.Se9 on ; to/s: M0te/ 0-s < ose e 0= o/ /0n8es et


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1 22

q qF

r µ

E75-0n0t on: Cons e/ t


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T e e-e t/ 4 e- 0n e /e5/esente < t e-e t/ 4 e- - nes.T e / ens t6 s 0 9e0s;/e o4 t e st/en8t o4 t e e-e t/ 4 e- 0t t 0t 5o nt.

T e6 st0/t 4/o9 0 5os t =e 0/8e 0n en n 0 ne80t =e 0/8eF e- - nes 0/e s9oot ont n;o;s ;/=es < t o;t 0n6 /e0 .T e t0n8ent to t 0t 0n6 5o nt 8 =es t e /e t on o4 e-e t/ 4 e- 0t t 0t 5o nt.E-e t/ 4 e- - nes ne=e/ nte/se t e0 ot e/.T e6 0-


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As


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φ K E A@ 1O/ φ K E A

E75-0n0t on:LetGs s;55ose t 0t 0 5os t =e 0/8e H s

5-0 e 0t t e ente/ o4 s5 e/e. It s s;//o;n e 6 0 -ose s5 e/ 0- s;/40 e o4 /0 ;s H/ . T e ;n 4o/9 e-e t/

ntens t6 E→

5/o ; e ;e to 0 0/8e < t n s5 e/ 0- /e8 on.

^

2

o

1 qE = r

4 π ε r

→

T e e-e t/ - nes o4 4o/ e 0/e 50ss n8 5e/5en ;-0/ t /o;8 0 s;/40 e o4 s5 e/e. T e 908n t; e o4 e-e t/ntens t6 s s09e 0t H/ st0n e on t e s5 e/ 0- s;/40 e 0/e0.

M0t e90t 0- De/ =0t on:

T e e-e t/ 4-;7 H ∆φ t /o;8 s; s90--e/ =e to/ 0/e0 s 8 =en 6, φ = E . A→ →

∆ ∆

Δφ = E ΔA Cosθ

oΔφ = E ΔA Cos0

( )Δφ = E ΔA 1

Δφ = E ΔA

2o

1 qφ A

4 π ε r ∆ = ∆

N N

2i =1 i=1o

1 qΔφ= ΔA

4 π ε r ∑ ∑

Be 0;se,

N

ii=1

ΔA =A∑K " π / 2 s t e tot0- 0/e o4 s5 e/e.

T ;s, φ = ( )2

2o

1 q4 π r 4 π ε r

We 8et, e-e t/ 4-;7 ;e to 0/8e, φ = o

qε

on -;s on:T e e-e t/ 4-;7 ;e to 0/8e 5-0 e 0t t e ente/ o4 s5 e/e s n e5en ent o4 s e.

W en, K @no 0/8e , t en, φ K @no e-e t/ 4-;7 .

Tot0- e-e t/ 4-;7 t /o;8 0 -ose s;/40 e en -os n8 0 0/8e s o

1ε t 9es

t e 908n t; e o4 t e 0/8e en -ose

φe K * o

1ε

#/oo4: Let ;s ons e/ 0/8e s ;n 4o/9-6 st/ ;te on t e s;/40 e, < e/e K 1 2 n . T e e-e t/ 4-;7

;e to t e n = ;0- 0/8e s 8 =en 6, φ1 K 1 o

1ε , φ2 K 2 o

1ε

, , φn K n o

1ε

ABDULREHMAN AHMED SOOMRO Page


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We no< t 0t, e-e t/ 4-;7 s s 0-0/ ;0nt t6? t e tot0- e-e t/ 4-;7 φe s 8 =en 6, φ e K φ1 φ2 φ3 φn

31 2!

o o o o

qq q qφ = " " " - - - "

ε ε ε ε

o/

( )! 1 2 3o

1φ = q " q " q " - - - " q

ε

en e, φe K @∑ o1ε

o/ φe K * o

1ε T s s 0--e !0;ss’ -0


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o

qφ =

ε

en e, o

qE.ΔA =

ε∑ur ur

o

qE $ 4π%& =

ε

We 8et, o

$4π%& ( E $ 4π%& =

ε

F/o9 t e e4 n t on o4 0/8e ens t6,

q(=

A T e/e4o/e, K σ @ "π 0J

o

(E=

ε• T s s o


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M0t e90t 0- De/ =0t on:

( ) ( )!o

q )o*%+ c,%r-!φ )o*%+ !+!c*ric .+/0 =

ε B6 5;tt n8 H H 4/o9e ;0t on Q 1


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^

o

(E = "2

2 ε

→

o/

^

o

(E =

ε

→

on -;s on: T e e-e t/ ntens t6 ;e to t


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7 = E . r→ →

∆ ∆T ;s #otent 0- 44e/en e s, HT e ot 5/o ; t et


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O/

; Ao

; A o A ; A ;

r r 1 = - q q -

4 π ε r r r r or → ÷

We 8et,o

; A o A ;

1 1 1 = - q q -

4 π ε r r or → ÷

( ) ( )A ; oo A ;

1 1 1" = - q q4 π ε r r

−

A ;

o o o A ;

1 1 1 " = - q -

q q 4 π ε r r

T e e-e t/ 4 e- 0t 5o nt B s e/o, t ;s e-e t/ 5otent 0- ene/86 0t t 0t 5o nt 0-so e/o, S06, U B K 0n / B K ∞.

A

o o o A

0 1 1 1 - = - q -

q q 4 π ε r ∞

T e/e4o/e,A

o A

1 q

7 " 0 = - 04 π ε r

−

Ao A

1 q7 = -

4 π ε r

I4, ( A K ( t en, / A K /

T ;s, 0 so-;te 5otent 0- t 0n6 so-0te 5o nt s 8 =en 6, o

1 q7= -

4 π ε r

on -;s on:T e 5otent 0- s /e t-6 5/o5o/t on0- to t e 0/8e 0n n=e/se-6 5/o5o/t on0- to t e st0n e 0t t 0t 5o nt.

HT e 09o;nt o4


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S;55ose 0 0/8e H o4 90ss H9 s 9o= n8 ;n e/ t e n4-;en e o4 e-e t/ 4 e- o4 ntens t6 HE 4/o9 one

5-0te to 0not e/ < t t e =e-o t6 H= . en e, 0 0/8e 0 ; /es net ene/86, 4/o9 t e st0te o4 /est. It s 8 =en

6,

E-e t/ 0- net ene/86 K 9 = 2

A o/ n8 to t e -0< o4 onse/=0t on o4 ene/86.Loss o4 e-e t/ 5otent 0- ene/86 K !0 n o4 e-e t/ net ene/86

217 q = m 2

o/

217 ! = m 2

T e 9o e/n ;n t o4 t e e-e t/ 0- ene/86 s He-e t/on =o-t .

AAn e-e t/on =o-t s 0 9e0s;/e

o4 ene/86. An e-e t/on =o-t s t e net

ene/86 80 ne 6 0n e-e t/on 50ss n8 t /o;8 0 5otent 0- 44e/en e o4 one =o-t HAn e-e t/on =o-t @e( s t e

ene/86 t 0t 0n e-e t/on 80 ns < en t t/0=e-s t /o;8 0 5otent 0- o4 one =o-t .

on=e/s on:

We no< t 0t,or7 =q

Ene/86 @Wo/ K (1 e-e t/on =o-t @e( K 5otent 0- 44e/en e × 0/8e o4

0n e-e t/on. 1e( K ( @1.% × 1 1+ C

1e(K C @1.%×1 1+ C 1e( K 1.% × 1 1+

An e ; 5otent 0- s;/40 e /e4e/s to 0s;/40 e < e/e t e 5otent 0- s onst0nt.

T e nte/se t on o4 0n e ; 5otent 0- s;/40 e 0n 0 5-0ne /es;-ts nto 0 50t 0--e0n e ; 5otent 0- - ne. No


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#otent 0- !/0 ent K

7

r ∆ ∆

#otent 0- 8/0 ent K ET s s t e /e-0t on et


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We no< t 0t,

#( =

A

T e/e4o/e, o

#E =

A ε P e . 1T e 5otent 0- 44e/en e H( s 055- e et


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M0t e90t 0- De/ =0t on: T e tot0- 0/8e * o4 t e o9 n0t on 050 to/, s * K * 1 * 2 * 1 K ( C 1 , 0n * 2 K ( C 2

O/ * K ( C 1 ( C 2 * K( @C 1 C 2

( )1 2

# = C " C

7

T ese t


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on -;s on:T s 95- es t 0t < en t e 050 to/s 0/e onne te n se/ es, t e /e 5/o 0- o4 t e e ; =0-ent 050 t0n ee ;0-s to t e /e 5/o 0-s o4 t e n = ;0- 050 t0n e.

1 (0/ 0 -e 050 to/: D e-e t/ C050 to/s 0/e ;s;0--6 o4 t e =0/ 0 -e t65e s;

0s ;se 4o/ t;n n8 t/0ns9 tte/s, /e e =e/s 0n t/0ns sto/ /0 os. (0/ 0 -e 050 to/s 0/e ;se 4o/ 0 >;st9ent et . o4 4/e ;en 6. In 9e 0n 0--6 ont/o--e=0/ 0 -e 050 to/s, t e st0n e et;st t/ 99e/s. T e 5/o ess o4 0 >;st n8

t e9 /e ; /es 50t en e e 0;se t e 5/esen e o4 6o;/ 0n 0n t e too- < -- s- 8 t-6 0n8e t e 050 t0n e o4 t e/ ; t n t e /e8 on o4 t e t/ 99e/. T/ 99e/ 050 to/s 0/e on-6 0=0 -0 -e < t =e/6 s90-- 050 t0n es, no/90--6

-ess t 0n 1 5F. It s 95oss -e to /e ; e t e / 050 t0n e to e/o, so t e6 0/e ;s;0--6 s5e 4 e 6 t e /9 n 9;9 0n 907 9;9 =0-;es, 4o/ e7095-e 2 1 5F3 M;-t 5-e 050 to/s:

T s t65e o4 050 to/ ons sts 0 9 0 e-e t/ . T e 050 t0n e s Hn t 9es t e 050 t0n e et


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Met0-- e 4o - 050 to/s 0=e t e on ; t =e 4 -9 9et0-- e s5/06e /e t-6 onto e0s e o4 t e e-e t/ < 8 =es t e 050 to/ se-4 e0- n8 5/o5e/t es 0n 0n t e/e4o/e ;se9; t nne/ e-e t/ 4 -9s. T s 0--o @ ) A N C 1 K 8.9.se 3.095 1.



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E-e t/ #otent 0-, @( KE 2 -3 -1> @ ) A o;- 1 K (K 8.9 2 .se 3.095 1.

E-e t/ F-;7, @ K E A 3 -3 -1> @ ) A N 9 2 C 1 K '8. 9 3 . se 3. 095 1.

050 t0n e,

oA εC =K 0/8e #otent 0-

-1 -2 4 2> @ ) A F0/0 K 8 1.9 2se " .095 2 KA2 C.( 1

E-e t/ 5otent 0- ene/86 ,U K(e

2 -2> @ ) o;-e o/ e-e t/on =o-t K 8.9

2

. se2

E-e t/ 5o-e 9o9ent [ ]A ) @

o;-.9ete/ K 095.se . 9.

D e-e t/ onst0nt, K o

εε 9ens on-ess no ;n t

E-e t/ 4o/ e, oF= E q

[ ]-2 -1>@) C C

-2= > @) N

0/8e Dens t6,

q( =

A -2A ) @ Co;-. 9 2

#e/9 tt = t6 o4 F/ee S50 e,

1 2o 2

q qε =

4 π F r 2 4 -1 -3A ) > @ C N 1 9 2 K 095 2 .se " . 8 1.9 3

Ene/86, U K ( e 2 -2 -1 -1 2 -2> @ ) A ) A ) = > @ ) 8.9 2 .se 2 . K

E-e t/ 0/8e, @* K I t[ ]A )

C K 095.se

#e/9 tt = t6 o4 F/ee S50 e,

1 2o 2

q qε =

4 π F r 2 4 -1 -3A ) > @ C N 1 9 2 K 095 2 .se " . 8 1.9 3

E-e t/ Intens t6, E K o

Fq M L T 3A 1X N C 1 K 8.9.se 3.095 1.

E-e t/ #otent 0-, @( KE 2 -3 -1> @ ) A o;- 1 K (K 8.9 2 .se 3.095 1.

E-e t/ F-;7, @ K E A 3 -3 -1

> @ ) A N 9 2 C 1 K '8. 9 3 . se 3. 095 1.

050 t0n e,

oA εC =

-1 -2 4 2> @ ) A F0/0 K 8 1. 9 2 se " .095 2 .

E-e t/ 5otent 0- ene/86 ,U K(e 2 -2> @ ) o;-e o/ e-e t/on =o-t K 8.9 2 . se 2

E-e t/ 5o-e 9o9ent [ ]A ) @

o;-.9ete/ K 095.se . 9.

D e-e t/ onst0nt, K o

εε 9ens on-ess no ;n t

E-e t/ 4o/ e,oF= E q

[ ]-2 -1>@) C C

-2= > @) N

0/8e Dens t6,

q( =

A -2A ) @ 9 3.s .A K Co;-. 9 2

0/8e, 9o-0/ C 0/8eX *;0nt t6X T.A.9o- 1 X C.9o- 1

Ene/86 4-;7 Ene/86X T 9eX. M L 2 T 3 X .s 1K W S09e 0s 5o


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*.No.1 W 0t 055ens to t e 4o/ e et


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T e o;te/ e-e t/ons o4 -0/8e 0to9


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!

1 3=

C 3 C e K 1 9 /o 40/0*.No.1% N09e so9e e7095-es n < 050 to/s 0/e ;se ZAns


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Ans


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Ans


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K12 & \F 7 2 K 2" & \CC 0/8e on " \F 0n 3 \F 050 to/s < -- e t e s09e 0s t e6 0/e nse/ es.#otent 0- 44e/en e 0 /oss 3 \F K @2" \C @& 7 3 \F K ) & ( K11." (*: No: "2 W 6 s st0t e-e t/ t6 9o/e 0550/ent n < nte/ Z Ans


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E-e t/ F e- s

A-so s 9 -0/ to 8/0= t6, t e e-e t/ost0t 4o/ e s 0 non ont0 t 4o/ e. C 0/8e o >e ts o not 0=e to e n ont0 t< t e0 ot e/ to e7e/t 0 4o/ e on e0 ot e/. So9e oe t 4ee-s t e e44e t o4 0not e/ 0/8eo >e t t /o;8 s50 e. T e 5/o5e/t6 o4 s50 e t 0t 0--oe t to 4ee- 0 4o/ e s 0 on e5t 0--ee-e t/ 4 e- . A-t o;8


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S n e


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O4 o;/se, e-e t/ 4 e- - nes 0 t;0--6 - e n t /ee 9ens ons, 0s e9onst/0te n t s = eo 0n 90t on.

o950/ n8 E-e t/ost0t s !/0= t6

Be 0;se 8/0= t6 0n e-e t/ost0t s 0=e so 90n6 s 9 -0/ t es, -etGs t0 e 0 9 n;te to o 0 ; o950/ son o4e-e t/ost0t s 0n 8/0= t6.

E-e t/ost0t s

Fo/ e:

F e- St/en8t :

F e- St/en8t :

E-e t/ost0t Const0nt:

C 0/8e Un ts: Co;-o9 s

!/0= t6

Fo/ e:



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F e- St/en8t :

F e- St/en8t :

!/0= t0t on0- Const0nt:

M0ss Un ts: -o8/09s

T e 8 44e/en e et


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#0/0--e- #-0tes

I4 6o; no< t e 5otent 0- 44e/en e et


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E ; 5otent 0- L nes

M; - e -oo n8 0t 0 to5o8/05 905 < s o

physics chapter 12 xii sindh board

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