physics general questions

Physics

Q: If the rate of change of current in a circuit is one ampere per second and the resulting electromotive force is one volt, what is the inductance of the circuit?

A: 1 henry

Q: What quantity may be defined as “the amount of work done or energy transferred per unit of time”?

A: power

Q: A neutron consists of how many quarks?

A: 3

Q: Augustin-Jean Fresnel is associated with what branch of physics? Other pioneers of this field include Christian Huygens and Willebrord Snell.

A: optics

Q: The Higgs boson is believed to be responsible for the origins of what fundamental physical property? The property itself measures the inertia of an object, and can be equated to energy through Einstein’s famous equation.

A: mass

Q: What term means “a continuous, amorphous substance whose molecules move freely past one another and that has the tendency to assume the shape of its container”? Liquids and gases are examples.

A: Fluid

Q: English scientist Joseph Thompson discovered what subatomic particle?

A: electron

Q: What constant can be used to relate a photon’s energy to its frequency?

A: Planck’s

Q: In the standard mathematical expression of Coulomb’s law, what is represented by capital Q?

A: (electric) charge

Q: What fundamental subatomic particles have charge values of minus 1/3 and plus 2/3?

A: quarks

Q: What electrical property measures the amount of charge stored for a given electrical potential? In the SI system, this quantity is expressed in farads.

A: Capacitance

Q: What unit is used to express inductance in the SI system?

A: henry

Q: What is the SI unit of electrical impedance?

A: ohm

Q: What is the SI unit of luminous flux?

A: lumen

Q: What unit is used to express electromotive force in the SI system?

A: volt

Q: What physicist has the unit for radiant flux named after him? The same unit also describes power.

A: James Watt

Q: What vector quantity may be defined as the time rate change of velocity?

A: acceleration

Q: What SI unit equals one kilogram-meter squared per second squared? It can also be thought of as one Joule per second.

A: watt

Q: What name is given to the ejection of electrons from a substance by incident electromagnetic radiation? Einstein won a Nobel prize for his research into this phenomenon.

A: Photoelectric effect

Q: What quantity, denoted with a capitol C, is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of an object by one degree Celsius?

A: heat capacity

Q: In thermodynamic equations, what is represented by the symbol capital Q?

A: (quantity of) heat

Q: How many laws describe the frequency of vibrating strings, as influenced by other factors?

A: 4

Q: To two significant figures, and expressed in scientific notation, what is the value of the electrostatic constant, k, in Newton meters squared per coulomb squared?

A: 9.0 times 10 to the 9th

Q: Whose principle states that when measuring conjugate quantities, increasing the accuracy of the measurement of one quantity increases the uncertainty of the simultaneous measurement of the other quantity? The most familiar of these pairs is the position and momentum.

A: Heisenberg

Q: What quantity may be computed by multiplying the frequency of a wave and its wavelength?

A: Velocity (or speed)

Q: What is the term for the upper limit of a substance’s vaporization curve on its phase diagram?

A: Critical point

Q: What term refers to the tendency of a system to absorb more energy when the frequency of the oscillations matches the system’s natural frequency of vibration? The phenomenon is usually considered when constructing musical instruments.

A: Resonance

Q: What term refers to the bending and spreading of waves when they meet an obstruction?

A: diffraction

Q: The Greek letter rho signifies what quantity in electrical formulae? According the to law of resistance the resistance of a wire is equal to this quantity times the length of the wire, times its cross-sectional area.

A: resistivity

Q: What phenomenon occurs when vibrations, such as sound waves, are induced by a vibrating source of approximately the same frequency? This has the effect of increasing the amplitude of the waves.

A: Resonance

Q: The Greek letter mu is used to represent what quantity, which is proportional to the force resisting motion between two touching surfaces?

A: coefficient of friction

Q: What name is given to the quantity of heat required to change 1 kilogram of a substance from liquid to gas?

A: Heat of vaporization

Q: What material property may be defined as the ratio of the friction force to the normal friction?

A: coefficient of friction

Q: What constant, unique for each substance, is defined as the change in length per unit length of a sold when its temperature is changed one degree?

A: Coefficient of linear expansion

Q: Whose law states that, within an object’s elastic limit, the extension is proportional to the force producing it?

A: Hooke

Q: What term may be defined as “the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole or one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius without change of phase”?

A: heat capacity

Q: Atoms of what element would be formed by the beta decay of atoms of carbon?

A: Nitrogen

Q: What term may be defined as “the force per unit cross-sectional area applied perpendicularly to the cross-section that is required to break a rod or wire of a given material”?

A: tensile strength

Q: What type of circuit may be defines as “any circuit in which two or more components are connected across two common points in the circuit to provide separate conducting paths to the current”?

A: Parallel

Q: The equation T = 2 pi times the square root of L over g, where T is period, L is length, and g is the acceleration of gravity, is used to analyze the motion of what type of object?

A: Pendulum

Q: An atom with atomic number 55 and mass number 114 undergoes two alpha decays followed by two beta decays. What is the mass number of the resulting atom?

A: 106

Q: An atom with atomic number 60 and mass number 144 undergoes two alpha decays followed by two beta decays. What is the mass number of the resulting atom?

A: 136

Q: What is the power output of a direct current circuit that bears a total current of 4.0 amperes if its total resistance is 1.5 ohms?

A: 24 watts

Q: A parallel circuit contains elements with resistances of 4.0 ohms and 8.0 ohms. What is the resultant resistance in the circuit? Give your answer with the proper number of digits.

A: 2.7 ohms

Q: Resistences of 6 ohms and 3 ohms are parallel to each other, and together are in series with a 3 ohm resistance. What is the resultant resistance of this circuit?

A: 5 ohms

Q: What is the total resistance of a one ohm resistor, a two ohm resistor, and a four ohm resistor all in parallel? Express your answer as a fraction.

A: 4/7 ohms

Q: Six 3.00 ohm resistors are connected in series in a circuit with a potential difference of 30.0 volts. What is the current in the circuit? Express your answer with three significant figures.

A: 1.67 amperes (or 1.67 amps)

Q: A circuit contains resistances of 10 ohms and 15 ohms in parallel. What current is generated when 6.0 volts are applied to it? Express your answer with the proper number of significant digits.

A: 1 amp or ampere

Q: When a 10 volt EMF is applied to a circuit with 5.0 ohms of resistance what current is produced?

A: 2 amperes

Q: A circuit contains resistance of 4.0 ohms and 2.0 ohms in parallel. What voltage is required to regenerate a current of 1.0 amperes in the circuit?

A: 1.3 volts

Q: Six 5.00 ohm resistors are connected in series. What EMF is required to generate a current of 2.5 amperes in this circuit?

A: 75 volts

Q: A circuit contains a 12 volt power supply. How many 2 ohm resistors would be required to yield a current of 0.3 amperes?

A: 20

Q: A truck driven off the side of a cliff takes 10.0 seconds to strike the ground. How high is the cliff? Express your answer with 2 significant digits.

A: 490 meters

Q: An 8.0 kilogram object is dropped into free fall. Compute its momentum with 3 significant figures 2.00 seconds after being dropped?

A: 157 kilogram-meters per second

Q: A 2.20 kilogram object is dropped into free fall. Compute its momentum with 3 significant figures 2.00 seconds after being dropped, using a 9.80 meters per second squared for g.

A: 43.1 kilogram-meters per second

Q: An 2.0 kilogram object is dropped into free fall. Compute its momentum with 2 significant figures 1.0 seconds after being dropped?


Q: A 10 nanogram mass contained in very long vacuum tube is released into free fall near Earth’s surface. How far will it fall in 6.0 seconds?

A: 180 meters

Q: Determine the momentum of a 6 kilogram hammer after 1 second in free fall. Express your answer with one significant figure.


Q: Determine the momentum of a 15 pound bowling ball after 3 seconds in free fall. Use 32 feet per second squared for g. Express your answers with two significant digits.

A: 1400 pound-feet per second

Q: Compute the momentum of a 100.0 kilogram mass after 3.0 seconds of free fall. Use a value of g with 2 significant digits and express your answer with the same number of digits?

A: 2900 kilogram meters per second

Q: A 12.0 kilogram mass is acted on by a 400.0 Newton force for 6.00 seconds. What is thevelocity of the mass after the force has acted? Express your answers with 3 significant digits.

A: 200 m/s

Q: A 15 kilogram mass is suspended 15 meters above the earth’s surface. If the mass is released. What kinetic energy will it achieve the instant it strikes the surface?

A: 225 Joules

Q: A 100.0 gram ball collides with a 2.00 kilogram ball that is initially at rest. After the collision, the lighter ball is at rest and the heavier ball is moving at 2.0 meters per second. Neglecting friction and any other outside forces, what was the speed of the 100.0 gram ball prior to the collision?

A: 40 meters per second

Q: Determine the kinetic energy of a 10 kilogram object the instant it strikes the ground following a drop from 20 meters. Express your answer with only one significant digit.

A: 2000 Joules

Q: What is the kinetic energy of a 22 kilogram mass moving at a constant velocity of 4.0 meters per second?. Express your answer with the proper number of significant figures.

A: 180 Joules

Q: If Earth’s mass were doubled but the radius kept the same, what should be the acceleration of gravity on the surface? Answer to the nearest tenth.

A: 19.6 meters per second squared

Q: What is the gravitational potential energy of a 44 kg block atop a 2.0m table? Express your answers with 2 significant digits.

A: 860 Joules

Q: A concave mirror has a focal length of 10.0 centimeters. What is its radius of curvature? Express your answers with three significant figures.

A: 20.0 centimeters

Q: A force of 4 newtons is required to move a 5 kilogram block at a constant speed along a flat table. What is the coefficient of friction, expressed with a single significant digit?

A: 0.08

Q: A 5.0 Kilogram mass begins sliding along a surface when a 20 Newton force is applied. What is the coefficient of friction for the object? Expressed your answer with two significant digits.

A: 0.41

Q: An ideal heat engine has an efficiency of 40 percent. What is the exhaust temperature in Celsius if the intake temperature is 17 degrees Celsius? Express your answers to the nearest 10 degrees.

A: 210

Q: A machine is capable of lifting 20.0 kilograms to a height of 8.0 meters in 2.0 seconds. What is the power output of the machine? Use a value of g with two significant digits, and express your answer with two digits as well.

A: 780 watts

Q: Identify these “B” terms:

1. A subatomic particle made up of three quarks or antiquarks2. The interference effect resulting from the superposition of two waves of slightly

different frequencies propagating in the same direction.3. A subatomic particle with zero charge and rest mass, e.g., the photon.4. An electron emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom.

1. baryon2. beat3. boson4. beta particle

Q: Give the “B” terms for the following definitions:

1. The irregular and random movement of small particles suspended in fluid2. A subatomic particle with zero charge and rest mass; carrier of electromagnetic

force3. An emission spectrum consisting of fluted bands of color; the spectrum of a

substance in its molecular state4. An induced EMF on the armature of a motor that opposes the applied voltage

1. Brownian movement (or motion)2. photon3. band spectrum4. back EMF

Q: Identify these “I” terms:

1. The optical counterpart of an object formed by a lens or mirror.2. The total potential and kinetic energy of the molecules and the atomic particles of

an object.3. A thermal process that takes place at a constant temperature.4. The luminous flux per unit area of surface.

1. Image2. Internal Energy3. Isothermal4. Illumanance

Q: Identify these “N” terms:

1. A line drawn perpendicular to a surface2. A point of no disturbance of a standing wave.3. A proton or neutron, when present in a nucleus.4. A disturbance, especially a random and persistent disturbance, that obscures or

reduces the clarity of a signal.

1. Normal2. Node3. Nucleon4. Noise

Q: Identify these “G” physics terms:

1. More common name for Law of Effusion.2. Any theory that attempts to unify the four fundamental forces.3. The lowest energy state of a system4. Hypothetical elementary particle that transmits gravity.

1. Graham’s law2. Grand Unified Theory3. Ground state4. Graviton

Q: Identify these terms as they relate to heat:

1. Sum total of all energy of all the molecules in an object.2. Heat capacity of a material per unit mass.3. Heat required to change 1 kg of a substance from solid to liquid.4. Heat required to change 1 kg of a substance from liquid to gas.

1. Thermal energy or internal energy2. Specific heat3. Heat of fusion4. Heat of vaporization

Q: Give the symbols for these physical constants:

1. atomic mass unit 1. u2. Plank’s constant 2. h3. Electronic charge 3. e4. Electrostatic constant 4. k

Q: Give the SI units on these physical constants. For example, the answer to gravitational acceleration near earth’s surface would be “meters per second squared”.

1. Atomic mass unit 1. kilograms2. Plank’s constant 2. joule-second3. Speed of light 3. meters per second4. Universal gravitational constant 4. Newton-meter squared per kg

squared

Q: Identify these terms as they relate to harmonic motion:

1. Type of harmonic motion in which acceleration is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium and directed toward the equilibrium position.

2. Any object mounted such that it can swing back and forth about an axis.3. A regular periodic variation in position about a mean.4. Maximum displacement from the equilibrium position.

1. Simple2. pendulum3. oscillation4. amplitude

Q: Give the term described by the following definitions:

1. The splitting of a heavy nuclei into nuclei of lesser mass.2. The combination of light nuclei into a single heavier nucleus.3. Low, or zero mass fermion often ejected with an electron during beta decay.4. Type of decay which involves only the emission of a high-energy photon.

1. fission2. fussion3. neutrino4. gamma decay

Q: Answer the following about formulae involving conductors moving in magnetic fields:

1. What quantity is represented by capital E?2. What quantity is represented by capital B?3. What quantity is represented by lower case l?4. What quantity is represented by lower case v?

1. (induced) EMF (or voltage)2. Flux Density (of the magnetic field)3. length (of the conductor)4. velocity (of the conductor across the magnetic field)

Q: Identify these terms related to high-energy physics:

1. Process in which a particle meets its corresponding antiparticle and both vanish.2. Process in which a particle disappears and in its place two or more different

particles appear.3. A gas of charged particles.4. General term for particles that exist only for an extremely brief instant as an

intermediary in a process.

1. Annihilation2. Decay3. Plasma4. Virtual

Q: Answer the following questions about high-energy physics:

1. What principle states that it is not possible to exactly determine the position of an object and its momentum simultaneously?

2. How many quantum numbers are needed to describe the state of an electron in an atom?

3. What letter represents the principle quantum number?4. What quantum number is symbolized by m sub L?

1. (Heisenberg) uncertainty principle2. 43. n4. magnetic

Q: Compute the potential difference across these direct current circuits. Express your answer with two significant digits.

1. A circuit with a current of 20.0 amperes passing through it with 6 1.0 ohm resistors in series.

2. A circuit with a current of 20.0 amperes passing through it with 6 1.0 ohm resistors in parallel.

3. A circuit with a current of 10.0 amperes passing through it with resistances of 5.0, 6.0, and 10.0 ohms in parallel.

4. A circuit with a current of 5.0 amperes passing through it with 10 5.0 ohm resistors in series

1. 120 volts2. 3.3 volts3. 21 volts4. 250 volts

Q: Compute the potential difference across these direct current circuits. Express your answer with two significant digits.

1. A circuit with a current of 24.0 amperes passing through it with 6 1.0 ohm resistors in series.

2. A circuit with a current of 24.0 amperes passing through it with 6 1.0 ohm resistors in parallel.

3. A circuit with a current of 12.0 amperes passing through it with resistances of 5.0, 6.0, and 10.0 ohms in parallel.

4. A circuit with a current of 12.0 amperes passing through it with 10 5.0 ohm resistors in series

1. 140 volts2. 4.0 volts3. 26 volts4. 600 volts

Q: Give the resultant total resistances when 4 ohm, 12 ohm, 12 ohm, and 8 ohm resistances are connected in the following ways. Leave all fractional answers in improper form .

1. all in series2. all in parallel3. a series with the 4 and one 12 ohm resistance parallel to a series of the 8 and other

12 ohm resistances.4. a series with the 4 and two 12 ohm resistances parallel to the 8 ohm resistance.

1. 36 ohms2. 24/13 ohms3. 80/9 ohms4. 56/9 ohms

Q: Given a circuit with a 15 volt EMF and resistances of 4.0 and 2.0 ohms in parallel, find the following expressing all answers with 2 significant digits, and using only 2 digits as you propagate answers:

1. the resultant resistance in the circuit.2. the total current in the circuit.3. the current win the branch with the 4.0 ohm resistance4. the power consumed by the circuit.

1. 1.3 ohms2. 12 amperes (12 amps)3. 3.8 amperes (3.8 amps)4. 180 watts (also accept 170 watts and 190 watts)

Q: Resistances of 2.0 ohm, 4.0 ohms, and 16.0 ohms are in a circuit. If they are connected in series, the resultant resistance is 22 ohms, but four other total resistances can be achieved. Identify them, expressing all answers to the nearest tenth.

1. 2 ohms1. 8 ohms3. 3 ohms4. 4 ohms

Q: Resistances of 2.0 ohms, 6.0 ohms, and 8.0 ohms are in a circuit. One of the five different total resistances can be achieved is 16.0 ohms. What are the other four? Express to the nearest tenth:

1. 1.3 ohms2. 4.0 ohms3. 3.8 ohms4. 1.8 ohms

Q: Determine the equivalent resistance for complete circuits containing the following resistances, all in parallel with each other. Express all answers with 2 significant digits.

1. 1 ohm and 4 ohms2. 1 ohm, 4 ohms, and 6 ohms3. 5 1- ohm resistors4. 10 ohms and 1000 ohms

1. 0.80 ohms2. 0.71 ohms3. 0.20 ohms4. 9.9 ohms

Q: Determine the equivalent resistance for complete circuits containing the following resistances. Express all answers with 2 significant digits.

1. 5.0 ohms, 4.0 ohms, and 5.0 ohms in series2. 5.0 ohms, 4.0 ohms, and 5.0 ohms in parallel3. 5.0 ohms and 4.0 ohms in series, both parallel to 5.0 ohms4. 5.0 ohms in parallel with a series of 4.0 ohms, 5.0 ohms, and 1 ohm.

1. 14 ohms2. 1.5 ohms3. 3.2 ohms4. 3.3 ohms


1. 4.0 ohms, 5.0 ohms and 6.0 ohms in series2. 4.0 ohms, 5.0 ohms and 6.0 ohms in parallel3. 4.0 ohms and 5.0 ohms in series both parallel to 6.0 ohms4. 4.0 ohms in parallel with a series of 5.0 ohms and 6.0 ohms



1. 3.0 ohms, 4.0 ohms and 5.0 ohms in series2. 3.0 ohms, 4.0 ohms and 5.0 ohms in parallel3. 3.0 ohms and 4.0 ohms in series both parallel to 5.0 ohms4. 3.0 ohms in parallel with a series of 4.0 ohms and 5.0 ohms


Q: A 50.0 kilogram mass is dropped into free fall. Determine the following for 3.0 seconds after the object is released. Express all answers with 2 significant figures.

1. speed2. distance fallen3. kinetic energy4. momentum

1. 29 meter per second2. 44 meters3. 22000 Joules (also accept 21000 Joules)4. 1500 kilogram-meters per second

Q: A 15.0 kilogram mass is dropped into free fall. Determine the following for 3.0 seconds after the object is released. Express all answers with 2 significant figures.

1. Magnitude of accelaeration2. Speed3. Distance fallen4. Momentum

1. 9.8 meter per second squared2. 29 meters per second3. 44 meters or 43 meters4. 440 kilogram-meters per second

Q: Compute the following quantities for a 22 kilogram object in free fall for 6.0 seconds.Use a value of g with 2 significant digits, express all answers with 2 significant digits.

1. The object’s acceleration.2. The object’s speed.3. The distance the object has fallen.4. The object’s momentum.

1. 9.8 meter per second squared2. 59 meters per second3. 180 meters4. 1300 kilogram-meters per second

Q: Compute the following quantities for a 36 kilogram object in free fall for 4.0 seconds.Use a value of g with 2 significant digits, express all answers with 2 significant digits.

1. The object’s acceleration.2. The object’s speed.3. The distance the object has fallen.4. The object’s kinetic energy.

1. 9.8 meter per second squared2. 39 meters per second3. 78 meters4. 27000 Joules

Q: A 20 kilogram sphere is dropped from a height of 500 meters on a planet where the acceleration of gravity is double that on earth. Determine the following, expressing all answers with 2 significant digits, and using only 2 significant digits in all preliminary calculations:

1. The speed of the object after 3.0 seconds of free fall.2. The momentum of the object after 3.0 seconds of free fall.3. The kinetic energy of the object after 3.0 seconds of free fall.4. The gravitational potential energy of the object after 3.0 seconds of free fall.

1. 60 meters per second2. 1200 kilogram-meters per second3. 36000 Joules4. 160000 Joules

Q: A 10.0 kilogram object is released into free fall from a height of 10.0 meters. Determine the following quantities, using a value of g with 1 significant digit, but expressing all answers with 2 significant digits:

1. The object’s kinetic energy 1.0 seconds after being released.2. The object’s gravitational potential energy 1.0 seconds after being released.3. The object’s kinetic energy 3.0 seconds after being released.4. The object’s gravitational potential energy 3.0 seconds after being released.

1. 500 Joules2. 9500 Joules3. 4500 Joules4. 5500 Joules

Q: A 20kg mass is continually acted on by a 50 N force. Find the following, expressing all answers with 2 significant digits:

1. What is the acceleration of the object?2. What distance has the object moved in 3.0 s? Assume the object starts at rest.3. What is the magnitude of the object’s velocity at this time (3.0 seconds)?4. What is the object’s momentum at this time?

1. 2.5 meters per second squared2. 11 meters3. 7.5 meters per second4. 150 kilogram-meters

Q: A 16 kg block is released into free fall from a height of 50 meters. Answer the following, using only 1 significant figure in your answers and in the value of g.

1. How long does it take to strike the ground?2. What is the block’s velocity the instant it strikes the ground?3. What is the block’s momentum the instant it strikes the ground?4. What is the block’s kinetic energy the instant it strikes the ground?

1. 3 seconds2. 30 meters per second3. 500 kilogram-meters per second4. 7000 Joules (or 8000 Joules)

Q: Give the SI units for the following physical quantities:

1. Magnetic flux 1. weber2. Magnetic flux density 2. Tesla3. Radioactivity in terms 3. Becquerel

of decay per unit time4. Electrical charge 4. coulomb5. Work 5. Joule6. Power or radian flux 6. watt7. Magnetic flux density 7. Weber per square meter8. Inductance 8. Henry9. Frequency 9. Hertz10. Volume 10. Cubic meter11. Electric conductance 11. siemens

Q: Answer the following about the formula capital Q equals capital I squared, Capital R lower case t all over capital J:

1. What does capital Q represent? 1. (Quantity of) heat2. What does capital I represent? 2. (Electric) current3. What does the lower case t represent? 3. time4. What does capital J represent? 4. the mechanical equivalent

of heat

Q: Given the electrical formula capital R equals rho times lower case l over capital A, Answer the following:

1. What does capital R stand for? 1. Resistance2. What does rho stand for? 2. Resistivity3. What does the lower case l stand for? 3. length (of a wire)4. What does capital A stand for? 4. (cross sectional) area

Q: Identify these physical constants:

1. 2.999 times 10 to the 8th meters per second2. 1.661 times 10 to the negative 27th kilograms3. 9.648 times 10 to the 4th coulombs per mole4. 6.672 times 10 to the negative 11th Newton meters per kilogram squared

1. Speed of light (in a vacuum)2. Atomic mass unit3. Faraday’s constant4. (Universal) Gravitational constant

Q: Given a thermodynamic symbol, identify the quantity it represents:

1. upper case Q2. upper case T3. lower case c4. upper case S

1. Heat (or quantity of heat)2. Temperature (Kelvin temp or absolute temp)3. Specific heat4. Entropy

Q: Answer the following about Hooke’s law, Y = F L over delta L A:

1. What quantity is represented by Y?2. What quantity is represented by F? 3. What quantity is represented by L?4. What quantity is represented by A?

1. Young’s Modulus2. (distorting) force3. length4. (Cross-sectional) area

Q: Determine the quantity being computed by the following formulae or definitions:

1. ½ mv squared 1. kinetic energy2. mv 2. momentum3. A = Z + N 3. mass number4. sine of i over sine of r 4. index of refraction

Q: Identify the physicists responsible for the following discoveries:

1. Discovered capillary action2. Showed that objects fall at the same rate independent of mass3. Formulated laws of gravitation4. First described electromagnetic waves

1. Leonardo De Vinci2. Galileo (Galilei)3. Isaac Newton4. James Clark Maxwell

Q: Identify the quantity that is calculated from the following formulae:

1. mass times velocity2. work divided by change in time3. sine of the angle of incidence divided by the sine of the angle of refraction4. Luminous flux divided by surface area

1. Momentum2. Power3. Index of refraction4. Illumination

physics general questions

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