physics review day 2. energy energy is conserved in a system, it can not be created or destroyed...
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![Page 1: Physics Review Day 2. Energy Energy is conserved in a system, it can not be created or destroyed Energy is simply defined as Work There are two types:](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649f005503460f94c15a0e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Physics Review Day 2
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Energy
• Energy is conserved in a system, it can not be created or destroyed
• Energy is simply defined as Work
• There are two types:– Potential energy – Kinetic Energy
• Units: Joules, J
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Kinetic Energy
• Energy in motion• A increase in velocity causes a great
proportional increase in kinetic energy
• Kinetic Energy = ½(mass x velocity2)
• KE = ½ mv2
• Units: Joules, J
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Potential Energy
• Energy Stored by an object• Most important type is Gravitational
Potential Energy
GPE = mass x acceleration of gravity x height
GPE = mgh
Units: Joules, J
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Work and Power
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Work
• Work is the force applied to something over a distance
• Work = Force x Distance
• W = F x d
• Units: Joule, J
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Power
• Power is work done over time
• Power = Work/ time
• P= W/t
• Units: Watts, W
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Machines
A device that makes work easier
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Simple Machines
• Work is done with only one movement
• 6 basic machines– Lever– Inclined plane– Wedge– Screw– Pulley– Wheel
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Compound Machines
• Two or more simple machines are used together
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Measuring a Machine’s Efficiency
• For real machines, some of the energy put in is always lost as heat produced by friction; therefore, work output is less then work input
Efficiency = (Work output / work input) x 100
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Heat TransferConduction, Convection, and
Radiation
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Conduction
• Transfer of thermal energy due to direct contact with a solid
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Convection
• Transfer of thermal energy through liquids and gases
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Radiation
• Transfer of thermal energy through electromagnetic waves
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Electric Circuits
Closed, conducting path that electric charges follow
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Circuit Units
• Voltage– The “push” that causes the charge to move– Measured in volts, V
• Current– Flow of the charge– Measured in amperes, A
• Resistance– A material’s tendency to oppose an electric flow– Measured in Ohms, Ω
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Ohm’s Law
• Relates electric current, voltage difference, and resistance
• Current = Voltage/ Resistance
• Voltage = Current x Resistance
I = V/R or V = IR
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Series Circuit
• Provides only one path for the current to follow (contains only one loop)
• To solve for resistance: – R total = R1 + R2 + R3…
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Parallel Circuits
• Current follows more than one path (contains more than 1 loop)
• This is used in houses
• Rtotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2…