physiological integration in organismal biology hannah v. carey, ph.d. department of comparative...
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Physiological Integration in Organismal Biology
Hannah V. Carey, Ph.D.
Department of Comparative Biosciences
University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine
Past-President, American Physiological Society
Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology2010 Annual Meeting, January, 2009
Grand Challenges in Biology
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Molecules
DNAProtein Lipids
Cells
The Physiology BottleneckThe Physiology Bottleneck
Populations
Communities
Ecosystems
Tissues
Organs
Animals
Data collection/synthesis
Facilities
Training Opportunities
from Terrie Williams
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Physiological Research, Integration, Synthesis and Modeling
(PRISM)(PRISM)
March, 2007
Supported by NSF and APS
National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis
Santa Barbara, CA
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Promote integration of physiology into research and management decisions that address organismal responses to environmental change and the maintenance of biodiversity.
Support educational efforts that ensure the transfer of physiological knowledge, including field and in vivo techniques, to future generations of basic and applied scientists.
PRISMPRISM
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National Network for Physiological Research, Integration, Synthesis and Modeling
Basic Academic Departments
Genomics Research Centers
Biomedicine CentersHuman & Veterinary
PRISMPRISM
Research Training Policy Public Awareness
Conservation Centers/Zoos/Field Stations
Terrie Williams, UC-Santa Cruz, Hannah Carey, UW-MadisonPRISM Working Group
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Increase awareness within the scientific community and the general public of the role of physiology in organismal adaptation to environment, to conservation biology and ecosystem management, and the connection to human health
Support educational efforts in whole animal physiology, field physiology and integration of physiology from gene to environment
Development of web tools: Physiological Research, Integration, Synthesis and Modeling
APS Contributions to Grand Challenges
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Enhance awareness of the role of physiology in conservation biology and ecosystem management, and the connection to human health
Conferences
Publications
CommunicationsPress Releases, Life Lines Podcasts, ScienceBlogs
November/December 2008
Predicting Extinction: Investigating the Interface of Physiology, Ecology, and Climate Change
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology
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Support educational efforts in whole animal (in vivo) physiology, field physiology and integration of physiology from gene to environment:
Training programs in ecological and conservation physiology, focusing on techniques in whole organism and field physiology
Field stations that support research and training in field and organismal physiology
Research laboratories that provide training opportunities in field-based physiology, ecological, and conservation physiology
Knowledge transfer: programs to harness knowledge of “experienced” physiologists to transfer concepts and techniques in field physiology to next generation of scientists
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Support development of web-based tools for PRISM
• Information exchange
• Physiology databases
• Publications, reports, white papers, funding opportunities
• Link with other societies including the international physiology community
• Network of research centers dedicated to addressing conservation and global environmental issues focusing on physiological integration.
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Macrophysiology for a changing worldSteven L. Chown, Kevin J. GastonProceedings of the Royal Society B (2008) 275, 1469–1478
Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Republic of South AfricaBiodiversity and Macroecology Group, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield
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AnimalHuman
Physiology
Ecosystem
An Integrated View of Global Health
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May, 2008
Oxford University Press
Center for Health and the Global Environment
U.N. Environment Programme U.N. Development Programme Secretariat of the Convention on
Biological DiversityWorld Conservation Union
Harvard Medical School
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Medicines from natural sources
Ecosystem services
Biodiversity and world food production
Biodiversity and Human Health
Chivian and Bernstein 2008
Biodiversity and infectious diseases
Biodiversity and biomedical research
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Role of environment in balancing host susceptibility and pathogen infectivity
Adapted from Sherman, 2002
Host Pathogen
Prevailing Environmental
Conditions
Physiological resilience Physiological tolerances
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The Conservation Physiology ToolboxThe Conservation Physiology Toolbox
• Endocrine physiology
• Nutrition and digestive physiology
• Metabolism/Energetics
• Water Balance
• Thermoregulation
• Immunophysiology
Approaches
• Plasma and fecal steroid monitoring
• Biotelemetry
• Stable isotope techniques
• Immune status testing
• Thermoregulation
Techniques
Cell physiology: Osmoregulation, ion channel function, membrane transport
Upcoming: Physiological genomics, proteomics, metabolomics