phytorid for bio-remediation of lakes
TRANSCRIPT
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PHYTORID system for treatment of domestic wastewater (Sewage)
Petrichor Emerging Technologies
India Pvt Ltd
CSIR-National Environmental
Engineering Research Institute
Nagpur,India
himanshu@ hydrocreatives.com
Ph# +91-9818003337
Ph# +91-9999787562
November 25, 2014
At Center of India: Nagpur
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Methods, Issues, solutions
Advanced
(Membrane etc.)
Conventional
STP
Domestic
Sewage
Septic Tanks
Soakpits
Energy/
Consumables
Possible
GWR/ reuse
Wastewater
Stabilization
Ponds
Constructed
wetlands
(Phytorid)
Energy/
Consumables
RT/ Area
Septic Tanks
reuse/disposal
to water bodies
Reuse/
Recycle
Disposal to
water bodies
Size
specific
High Energy
Minimum Energy
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Energy Minimization though Decentralized treatment
• Improve reachability, reduce the need for
sewage transportation system
• Allowing use of the treated water in-situ
• Minimizing pumping, transportation, thus
energy efficient
• Treatment where it is needed
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Challenges in conventional treatment
Conventional Treatment
Remove: TSS
Treats: Bio-oxidation
NO N, P removal
mechanism
Eutrophication due to N, P
• High maintenance in
terms of cost and
energy
• Can not down-scale
• Failure due to aerators
• Sludge disposal
• Skilled manpower
Sewage
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Phytorid: Paradigm Shift in Technological Solution
Command and Control
Ecosystem Based
Trade-off between space and
energy
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NEERI’s PHYTORIDA Constructed Wetland System
• Based on 5 years of intense R&D in lab, pilot
• Now more than 9 years of field experience of plants
• Innovation based on: – Our climate
– Our needs
– Our cost issues
– O&M practices
• International Patents:– Australian Patent
– European Patent
– Indian Patent
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Components of PHYTORID system
ProcessesSedimentation Bacterial action Filtration Adsorption Decomposition Nutrient uptake Vegetation system
Phytorid bed
Treated water storage
Sewage collection tank
Settler/screen
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Phytorid DetailsMechanism
1)Biochemical
Oxidation of organics
2)Nitrification/denitrifi
cation
3)Phosphate uptake
4)Anaerobic
treatment zones at
bottom
• BOD reduction : O2 diffusion in liquid is limiting
factor in any STP, No matter how it is supplied
• Improved surface area helps Mass Transfer
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Integrated approach for the treatment
Phytorid
system
Streams from
small
villages/townsSewage
Treated
Water
River
SewageTreated
Water
Basin Approach
•Reducing pollution
load from sewage
•Decentralised
treatment system at
villages and town levels
•Nallah-in-situ
treatment
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Nallah In-situ Treatment
Central treatment system
Bank of nallah
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Possible Environmental Intervention using NEERI’s Phytorid Technology
Phytorid technology•Engineered constructed Wetland
•No alteration of existing sewage line equired
•Can be built in river bed near to sewage outlets or in near by gardens
•Will not obstruct water flow during monsoon nor any mosquito/odour nuisanceEarlier Proposed Phytorid plan to NMC by NEERI
Location: Ramdaspeth
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River Projects under consideration
• Godavari, Nasik
• Panchganga, Kolhapur
• Nag River, Nagpur,
• Narmada Basin, MP
• Kaveri-Kambini, Mysore
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T. Nasripura,Mysure
Under Consideration
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Phytorid Treating Nag River Water: Pilot Project
Raw sewage
in nallah
Treated water
Phytorid System
Plant at Agricultural
college, PKV Nagpur
Plant Capacity 100
m3/day
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Parameter Inlet sewage quality
Treated water quality
Standards
for inland
surface
water
Standards
Land
Irrigation
pH 7.1 to 7.5 7.2 5.5-9.0 5.5-9.0
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L)
40 to 130 <5 30 100
Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L)
130 to 350 < 12-18 250 Not Specified
Total Suspended solids (mg/L)
80 to 90 < 15 100 200
Fecal Coli Farm (MNP/100ml)
106 to 107 <20 --- ---
Nitrogen (mg/L) 10 to 50 4-5 5 Not Specified
Phosphate (mg/L) 10 to 50 1-4 5 Not Specified
Performance of PHYTORID for Sewage typical results
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Drain Cleaning
• Drain trash cleaning is important
• Possibility to use existing hardwares
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Lake Treatment
Peripheral Phytorid
FloatingPhytorid
Contaminated
Treated
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Lonar Lake, Maharashtra
Lake Area: 3 hectareCapacity: 500 KLD
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Telibandha Lake, Raipur
Lake Area: 11 HectarePhytorid Capacity 2 MLDProposed to develop 3 plant at periphery
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Kot Lake Brahmapuri, Maharashtra
Phytorid Capacity 450KLDProject Approved
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Shahadara Lake Project
(Under tendering
Process)
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Design Approach
• Operating windows for sewage, parameters
• Source based selection of unit operations
• Space availability and levels
• Proximity of end use of treated water
• Quality of water required
• Soil strata
• Design of plant, conceptual, structural and asthetics
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Sr. Items Conventional activated
sludge
UASB Extended Aeration
Facultative Aerated Lagoons
PhytoRid Technology
1 Performance BOD Removal %
85-92 75-78 95-98 75-85 80-95
2. Sludge First digest then dry on beds or use
mech devices
Directly dry on beds or use mech
devices
No digestion dry on sand beds or use
mech devices
Mech. Desludging once in 5-10 years
Negligible
3. Equipment Requirement (excluding screening and grit removal common to all processes)
Aerators, recycle pumps,
scrappers, thickeners, digesters, dryers gas equipment
Nil except gas collection and
flaring gas conversion to
elect is optional
Aerations, recycle pumps
sludge, scrappers for large settlers
Aerators only
None, all flows by gravity
4. Operational Characteristics
Skilled operation
reqd.
Simpler than ASP Simpler than ASP
Simple Unskilled operator
5. Special features Considerable equipment and
skilled operation reqd specially when gas collection
and usage considered
Minimal to negligible power reqd. makes it economical at
even if gas revenue is neglected
BOD removal highest effluent
nitrified high power reqd. Favoured for
small and medium plants
Power reqd. similar to
ASP operation simpler
Plant species and odour
less operations
Typical Performance Characteristics for Various Treatment Methods
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Various Plant Types
Forage Kochia Kochia spp
Poplar Trees Populus spp
Willow Trees Salix spp
Alfalfa Medicago sativa
Cattail Typha latifolia
Coontail Ceratophyllum demersvm L
Bullrush Scirpus spp
Reed Phragmites spp.
American pondweed Potamogeton nodosus
Common Arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia
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ADVANTAGES
• Cost-effective
• Operation and maintenance expenses are negligible.
• Minimum electricity requirement, nearly fossil energy free
• Smaller footprint (Retention time: Typically less than 24 hrs.)
• Facilitates recycle and reuse of water
• No foul odor and No Mosquito Nuisance.
• Tolerates fluctuations in operating conditions such as flow,
temperature and pH
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PHYTORID system is useful for treatment of waste water in
following applications
▪ Domestic wastewater (including decentralized Municipal waste water
treatment)
➢Colonies, Airports, Commercial complexes, Hotels
➢Open drainage
➢Cleaning of nallah water
▪ Agricultural wastewater
▪ Dairy waste
▪ Slaughter House Waste
▪ Fish pond discharges
▪ Pre treated industrial wastewater, Sugar Industries
▪ Municipal Landfill leachates
▪ Several other applications
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Clear Water !!!
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Phytorid 1.2MLD
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Periods in Months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Maintenance Item
Replantation (partial if
needed)
О О
Water Quality analysis О О О О О О О
Cleaning of Screening
Chamber [ this could be every
week, in case load of floating
matter is high]
О О О О О О О О О О О О
Harvesting of overgrown
plants and roots
О О О О
Hydraulics/ water level Checks О О
Cleaning of Settling chamber О
Pump maintenance (if pump is
installed)
О О О О
Operation and Maintenance
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Technology in Field
• More than 35 plants already working (Maharashtra, Goa, UP, Uttarakhand, Delhi…)
• Government Interest (MoUs, Dialogues)– Municipal Corporation Delhi, – Trans Yamuna Development Board & CM Delhi– Govt of Maharashtra (through ULBs, MJP)– State Planning Commission UP– CG, Water Supply and Sanitation– Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (for Parks & Gardens)– Karnataka Urban Infrastructural Financial Development Council
• Under construction about 50 plants• In active consideration more than 100
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ComparisonPARTICULARS NAME OF TECHNOLOGY
ASP MBBR SBR UASB+EA MBR WSP
PHYTORI
D
AREA REQ . SQMT/MLD 1000 550 550 1100 450 6100 580-1000
CAPITAL COST 108 108 115 108 300 63 110
CIVIL COST (% OF CAPITAL COST) 60 40 30 65 20 90 80
Biomedia/Plantation - - - - - - 19
E&M WORK (%OF TOTAL CAPITAL
COST) 40 60 70 35 80 10 1
OPERATION& MAINTANEOUS COST
YEARLY POWER COST (LACS/MLD) 4.07 4.9 3.37 2.75 6.65 0.5 0.5
ANNUAL REPAIR COST (LACS/MLD) 2.38 1.94 1.84 2.48 1.76 0.1
CHEMICAL COST LACS/MLD 5.3 5.3 3.3 6.3 7.2 0
MANPOWER COST LACS/P.A. 12 12 12 12 12 12 2.5
TOTAL O& M COST PER YEAR 23.75 24.14 20.51 23.53 18.65 21.45 3.1
Refe:- http://moef.nic.in- Report Code: - 003_GBP_IIT_EQP_S&R_02Ver1_Dec 2010
ASP: -ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS
MBBR:-MOVING BED BIOLOGICAL REACTOR
SBR:- SEQUINTIAL BATCH REACTOR
WSP:- WAST STABILIZATION POND
MBR:- MEMBRANE BIO REACTOR
UASB+EA:-UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET+EXTENDED AREATION
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Comparison of Conventional Reed Bed and Phytorid
Conventional Reed Bed Phytorid Technology
Either vertical or horizontal flow Better hydraulics with mixed flow, advantage for better oxygen mixing
Only reed species are used for uptake of nutrients and treatment
Combinations of several plant species makes it tailor made wastewater treatment. Also the plant species are local ones
Root mass is detached after full growth and spoils the water quality after deterioration
No such root mass detachment and hence no fouling
May require larger area as shallow beds Can be designed for smaller area
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Implementation Mechanism
• Technological intervention from CSIR-NEERI– Conceptual Design (vetting of design)– Overall supervision– Commissioning and water quality analysis
• Authorized Licensee– Actual implementation in the field– Maintenance
• Local Government– Resolution to adopt Phytorid– Space availability– Fund application
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Conclusions
• Constructed wetland is the needed innovative technology: Ecologically benign
• Nearly free of fossil based energy therefore sustainable and doable
• Cost effective in terms of O&M is most important factor
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Thank You