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CRABP

H3C CH 3

OH

CH 3 CH 3

CH 3

CH 3

H3C CH 3OCH 3 CH 3

OH

CH 3

H3C CH 3OCH 3 CH 3

H

Retinol

AGGTCA(n)AGGTCA RARE

AGGTCA(n)AGGTCA RARE

Co-repressor complex

Co-repressor

H D A C

Paracrine signalling

DegradationDegradationGene regulationGene regulation

Retinoic acidMetabolites

(4-oxo-RA, 4-OH-RA)

Cyp26a1Cyp26b1Cyp26c1

RA Deciency Disorders

Coloboma, MicrophthalmiaLoss of neuronal differentiation, Locomotor decitsFrontonasal dysplasia, Cleft palateLung agenesis

Ventricular myocardial hypoplasia, Aortic arch de fectsStunted forelimbs, Webbed digits

Vertebral defec ts, (Scoliosis?)Endocrine pancreas hypoplasiaRenal agenesis

Ocular morphogenesisForebrain developmentHindbrain patterning Motor neuron specicationLung inductionHeart patterning, Forelimb inductionSomitogenesisSomitogenesisPancreas inductionLiver erythropoiesis, Cardiac growth

Nephrogenesis

Pitx2Drd2, Gad67

Hoxa1, Hoxb1, Hoxa3,Hoxd4, Hnf1b

Pax6, Olig2Hoxa5 TGF- 1

Fgf8

Cdx1Pdx1

Epo

Ret

Key RA Target Genes Key Differentiat ion Events

RA-RESPONDING CELL

RA-PRODUCING CELL

NON-RA-RESPONDING CELL

NON-RA-RESPONDING CELL

Co-activator complex

Co-activator

HAT

RXR RAR

RXR RAR

STRA6

BCMO1

Raldh1, 2, 3

Retinol-RBP(derived from bloodstream)

Retinol-CRBP

Retinoic acid (RA)

Retinaldehyde

-carotene

RA Biosynthesis

5 3

5 3

Rdh10

See online version for for legend and references.

SnapShot: Retinoic Acid SignalingSandeep Kumar 1 and Gregg Duester 11Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Development and Aging Program, 10901 North TorreyPines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA

1422 Cell 147 , December 9, 2011 2011 Elsevier Inc. DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2011.11.034

8/10/2019 Pi is 0092867411014280

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