PIA2000

Introduction to Public Affairs

Week Six: October 4 (now October 11)

Recruitment, Education and Training

The More that things change the more they stay the same

Video

The Functions of Government

Overview: This Week- Recruitment, Education and TrainingI. Human Resource DevelopmentKey: Internal Capacity Building?

II. Recruitment, Education and Training

III. Elite Recruitment- Focus: Entry into Public Sector

IV. Human Resource Development and Education

VI. Theories of Recruitment

VII. Representation

VIII. Territorial Administration

I. Human Resource DevelopmentKey: Internal Capacity Building?

Education: Assumed key in Developed Countries and LDCs

Modernization: Education the Key?

Counter-Dependency Framework for analysis: Something can be done

Social Development, Human Capital and Social Capital

World Bank Institute

The Strategy

Social Capital and Civil Society? How International

Strategy of Human Development

Understand Concepts explaining transformation

Combinations of welfare, social and human resource development?

Debates about Merit?

HRD Concepts

1. Socialization- More Next week

2. Status vs. Role

3. Counter-Roles

4. Role Theory

Role Theory and HR Development

Role Theory and HRD

Other People’s Behavior and Environmental Factors influence

Personal Characteristics (Cognitive, Affective and Biological Events)

“Self awareness – give feedback on how one sees

oneself, and how the rest of the team view each other”

The Issues

II. Recruitment, Education

and Training

The Hierarchy of Needs (Abraham Maslov)

Alternative Choices-1

1. Human Resource Development (Skills development and Labor productivity)

2. Social Development: Health, Education and Community

3. Societal Development and Environmental Analysis (Turner and Hulme)

4. Basic Needs: Human Security (Food, Water and Shelter)

Alternative Choices-2

5. Management Development

6. Issues of Poverty and Redistribution (Isbister) Is there a Moral Argument?

7. Civil Society and Social Capital- Is this an HRD issue?

The Poverty Debate and Education- Waiting for Superman?

Alternative Choices-38. NGOs, Education and Development:

a. Social Development or left wing privatization?

b. Scaling-up and self-spreading

9. Social liberalism vs. social democracy (John Stuart Mills vs. John Maynard Keynes)

10. Women and Development vs. Gender and Development. What is the difference?

Women vs. Gender and Development Issues: Discussion

Societal Development- A Macro-Approach Idea

III. Elite Recruitment- Focus: Entry into Public Sector

Patterns of Recruitment- How the Bureaucracy is Selected?

Differences between

Private and Non-Profit?

Civil Service Advert.

1950s

Representation and Affirmative Action

Merit vs.

Representation vs.

Political Control

Canadian View of “Human Rights” in the Public Sector- Edmonton Alberta

Three Models of Recruitment: Redux

1. Model of merit system- Career appointments, competitive examinations, and an end to patronage

2. The recruitment of professionals and specialists contradicts with the issue of political control (“Spoils”) “Schedule C”

3. Representation- especially majority representation relates to political accountability

Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) Picture Taken in 1844. “To the Victor belongs the Spoils”

4. Crisis Recruitment: War or Panic (U.K.)

Recruitment Problems in the Public Sector

a. Management, eg. the Department, or the unit, often does not control recruitment

b. Legislation sets the rules- merit system with civil service commission overseeing the process

c. Commissions or personnel unit act as an intermediary Blocking Decisions

Recruitment in Guyana (South America)

Mini-Discussion

What is the best way to recruit?

Political

Merit

Representation

IV. Human Resource Development and Education

1. The Key to Merit

2. Issue: the difference between Education and Training

3. Professional vs. Management

Video

A Form of Affirmative Action

TEN MINUTE BREAK

The GI Bill and Affirmative Action

Mini-Discussion

The Difference: The Dutch System

Training

VMBO- Vocational

HAVO- General High School

Education

VWO- Pre-University

Debate about the Ideal of Open (not closed) system- Importance of "Professional Class”

Role of Professional Schools in producing that class.

U.S model of open System

The U.S. System

Early, middle or late entry

Deep political control and

The possibility of "in and out“

Key: Professional Post-Graduate Education

A Reflection of the U.S. Model: In Theory if and Sometimes in Practice

MPA MPIA MID

Or

MBA

MPH, etc.

Closed vs. Open Systems: Age Equals Access to Jobs

European Systems- Inherited by Much of World

1. Historically closed

2. Class based and

3. Limited to early entry

Arthur Boyd(1920 - 1999)’S Painting: The Half Caste Child

Cézanne, “Still life with skull”

Monday, March 12, 2007(French General Elections)

The European choice and the elites

- a la' mode Française

Theories of Recruitment: John Armstrong's Classification Maximum Deferred Achievement-equitable (French

revolutionary and Soviet ideal, and Jacksonian Democracy- Late Decision)

Maximum Ascriptive- Western European model

Progressive Equal Attrition- Fail out over time U.S. and Russian reality and aspects of Post War German system. Partly open. Fairness depends on lateral entry (in and out)

Differences in Closed Classes

administrative professional Executive Technical Clerical Industrial

Differing views of technical skills, law and classical education (France, Germany, U.K.)

Top Administrators

a. U.K.- Oxbridge Generalist

b. Russia- Engineers

c. France- Legal/Technical

d. Germany/Scandinavia- Legalist

e. U.S.- Products of policy Schools: Kennedy, Woodrow Wilson, Syracuse

VII. Representation: The Debate about Affirmative Action: Primary Debates

U.S. - Race and Gender

Europe- Culture and Religion

Asia: Language

South Africa: Ethnicity

VIDEO

Recruitment: A Scandinavian Perspective

Unique U.S. contribution- American system internationalized from the 1950s by Foreign Aid

a. Concept of training

b. Public Administration- skills

c. analogy- business administration and engineering as models

d. “Technical Assistance” and Development

Unique U.S. Contribution, Cont.

Unique U.S. Contribution, Cont.

Deep political penetration- note surprise in South Africa

Open system- Concept of representative bureaucracy

Recruitment: The Only Game in Town

The Only Game in Town?

A Cultural Comparison

VIII. Territorial Administration (To be Continued) Issue: use of Prefects for control: Geographic

Administrators- appointed from the Center. Eg. Governors in Putin’s Russia

Integrated vs. Un-integrated

Territorial vs. Function (Health or Education)

Special Issues of Recruitment to Work in the Field

The French Prefet

Discussion

Robert N. Kharasch: “The institutional imperative;: How to understand the United States Government and other bulky objects” (Washington D.C. Lawyer)

Every action or decision of an institution must be intended to keep the institution machinery working.

The expert judgment of an institution, when the matters involve continuation of the institution's operations, is totally predictable, and hence the finding is totally worthless.

The finding of threats to security by a security office is totally predictable, and hence the finding is totally worthless.

Question/Discussion

What form of bureaucratic recruitment is used in each of your “favorite” countries?

Discussion

Revisit:

Naipaul, Penn Warren, Lehman

(What are you reading and learning?)