piaget & cognitive development€¦ · jean piaget . how we construct our world? schemas: what...
TRANSCRIPT
Piaget & Cognitive
Development
Learning Targets:Explain the maturation of cognitive abilities (e.g., Piaget’s stages, information processing).
Infantile Amnesia
● Our earliest memories seldom predate our 3rd birthday● Children start to remember things that happened around ages 4-5 ● As children start to mature from 4 to 6 to 8 years old, they are increasingly
able to remember experiences even for a year or more.● hippocampus and frontal lobes are still developing which explains lack of
early memory
Jean Piaget
How We Construct Our World?
Schemas: what we know; we organize our world in concepts
or frameworks to interpret information
How We Construct Our World?
Assimilation: interpreting our world by connecting “things” to our schema.
-assimilate a crayon or marker to writing schema
Accommodation: adapting our schema to include new information
-you will accomodate your idea of “home” when you get a dorm room in college
❏ Birth to 2❏ Babies learn through their senses
❏ Putting things in their mouth
❏ NO Object Permanence (Out of sight means it ceases to exist)
Sensorimotor
❏ Ages 2 - 7❏ Developing language and concepts ❏ Pretend and make believe❏ Egocentric - can not see the world through other’s
perspective
Preoperational
❏ Preoperational kids do not understand that the same objects may take different shapes❏ 12 oz of water looks different in different glasses
Conservation
Egocentrism & Animism
•Egocentrism is having a difficult time seeing how the world looks from the perspective of someone else.
–Read to me!
–Do you like my picture?
•Animism is the idea that everything talks, walks, and has life!
–Cups, teapots, and candlestick OBVIOUSLY sing and dance!!
Hmmmm….
A father and son are in a car accident. The father dies instantly. The boy, in critical condition, is rushed to the nearest hospital for emergency surgery.
The surgeon looks at the child aghast and says, "I can't operate on him! He's my own son!"
❏ The inability to see a problem in more than one way.❏ Preoperational kids do not have this ability
❏ Does your brother have a brother?❏ Preoperational kids also can not reverse problems
❏ Multiplication is easy - but division!?
Centration
❏ Age 7-12❏ Think more logically❏ Need tangible, physical problems to solve because they
can not think abstractly ❏ Kids need to see it to understand it
❏ Math, counting, clocks
Concrete Operations
❏ Can handle centration – can see more than one aspect of the
problem.
❏ Seeing a teacher outside of school.
❏ Grandma can be a mom, a wife, and a friend.
❏ Decline in egocentrism and a mastery of conservation as it
applies to liquids, mass, numbers, volume, area, and length.
❏ Can not handle hierarchical classification. (all military people
are the same, no concept of officer hierarchy)
Concrete
❏ Hypotheticals and abstracts ❏ Critical thinking, problem solving, and abstract thinking
Formal Operations
❏ Scaffolding ❏ Zone of Proximal Development (difference between a
learner’s ability to do something with help and the same task alone)
❏ How children develop cognitively is cultural❏ Children around the world will learn things sooner
based on culture
Lev Vygotsky