PiceaPicea -- PinusPinus in Indiana in Indiana

LandscapesLandscapes

Aboitic Realities, Biotic Certainties:Aboitic Realities, Biotic Certainties:

Causes, Consequences and ControlsCauses, Consequences and Controls

Presented by:

Jeffrey Ling RCA

TreeMasters, Inc.

www.treemendousday.com© Copyright 2011 TreeMasters, Inc..

PiceaPicea -- PinusPinus in in

Indiana Landscapes Indiana Landscapes ©©

Besides the Crimson King Maple, no tree is more desired in Besides the Crimson King Maple, no tree is more desired in

Indiana landscapes than Indiana landscapes than PiceaPicea pungenspungens, Colorado , Colorado ““BlueBlue”” Spruce. Spruce.

Designs and desires aside, no tree has more problems and Designs and desires aside, no tree has more problems and

negative outcomes!negative outcomes!

. . . Nor is any other tree so . . . Nor is any other tree so mismis--handled!handled!

Hoosier Realities with Conifers Hoosier Realities with Conifers ©©

There are no native Gymnosperms in northern Indiana. There are no native Gymnosperms in northern Indiana.

Pines, Spruce and Fir are as exotic as Palms and Bananas.Pines, Spruce and Fir are as exotic as Palms and Bananas.

Review of Review of

““DiseaseDisease”” ©©

““DiseaseDisease””::

““any agent or actionany agent or action

which alters thewhich alters the

plant from itsplant from its

genetic norm.genetic norm.

““the causation, whichthe causation, which

produces produces ‘‘signssigns’’ andand

‘‘symptomssymptoms’’..””

Disease ClassificationDisease Classification Disease Classification ©©

Aboitic:Aboitic:

Environmental (nonEnvironmental (non--living) actions/changesliving) actions/changes

which cause decline in plants.which cause decline in plants.

Biotic:Biotic:

Agents, (living) which Agents, (living) which ““infectinfect”” the plantthe plant

Aboitic Disease Considerations Aboitic Disease Considerations ©©

Physical,Physical,

Chemical, Chemical,

BiologicalBiologicalSoil,Soil,

Water,Water,

Air,Air,

Acute vs. ChronicAcute vs. Chronic

AbioticAbiotic Disease: Disease: Soils (and Water)Soils (and Water)

Soils Soils areare

thethe

platform forplatform for

affects.affects.

Water Water cancan

bebe thethe

director ofdirector of

thethe

affects.affects.

AbioticAbiotic Disease: Disease: Soils (and Water!) Soils (and Water!) ©©

AbioticAbiotic Disease: Disease: ©©

Agents which Agents which

are nonare non--

infectious:infectious:

Dogs and KidsDogs and Kids

ContractorsContractors

““naturalnatural”” statesstates

PollutionPollution

ChemicalsChemicals

Lawn care and Lawn care and

IrrigationIrrigation

Biotic Disease: Biotic Disease: Primary and Secondary Primary and Secondary ©©

What class of organism is the primary agent in conifer disease?What class of organism is the primary agent in conifer disease?

Fungal Attacks! Fungal Attacks! ©©

In Colorado Spruce:In Colorado Spruce:

In 2 needled Pine:In 2 needled Pine:

In 5 needled Pine:In 5 needled Pine:

Disease in Conifers Disease in Conifers ©©

•• Species (Cultivar) SpecificSpecies (Cultivar) Specific

•• Site DirectedSite Directed

•• Interactive and extensiveInteractive and extensive

•• Causative and reactiveCausative and reactive