7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

1/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

A

Abrasion:The scraping of the surface by rocks frozen into moving ice

Adit mining:

An adit is an opening or passage and adit mining is one that is donein hilly districts where a mineral seam is exposed on a hillside.

Afforestation:Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an

area where there was no forest.

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

2/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

Agriculture:Agriculture also called farming or husbandry is the cultivation of

animals, plants, fungi, and other life forms for food, fiber, biofueland other products used to sustain life.

Alluvial terraces:A terraced embankment of loose material adjacent to the sides ofa river valley.

Arid:A region is arid when it is characterized by a severe lack ofavailable water, to the extent of hindering or preventing thegrowth and development of plant and animal life.

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

3/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

B

Barrages:A barrage is a type of dam, which consists of a line of large gatesthat can be opened or closed to control the amount of waterpassing the dam.

C

Charsa:It is an irrigation system in which animal power is used to pullwater from a well.

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

4/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

Cirque/Corrie:A cirque or corrie is an amphitheater-like valley head, formed at the

head of a valley glacier by erosion.

Climate:Climate encompasses the statistics of temperature,humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation,

atmospheric particle count and other meteorologicalelemental measurements in a given region over longperiods.

Commercial fishing:Fishing on a large scale for commercial purposes.

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

5/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

Condensation:The change of state from a gas to a liquid.

Contour ploughing:Contour ploughing is the farming practice of ploughing across aslope following its elevation contour lines.

Cyclones:A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low-pressure center and numerous thunderstorms that produce

strong winds and heavy rain.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_pressure_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_pressure_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunderstormshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunderstormshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_pressure_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_pressure_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

6/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

D

Dams:A dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams.

Deforestation:Deforestation, clearance or clearing is the removal of a forest or standof trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.

Deserts:A desert is a landscape or region that receives an extremely lowamount of precipitation, less than enough to support growth of mostplants.

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

7/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

Drought:A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region

notes a deficiency in its water supply whether surface orunderground water.

F

Fishing:Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.

Fish farms:Fish farming is the principal form of aquaculture, and involves

raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food.

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

8/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

Flood plains:A floodplain is a flat or nearly flat land adjacent a stream or river

that stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of theenclosing valley walls and experiences flooding during periods ofhigh discharge.

Forests:Large, extensive areas dominated by trees.

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

9/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

G

Glaciers:A slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation andcompaction of snow on mountains or near the poles.

Gorges:A gorge is a deep ravine between cliffs often carved from thelandscape by a river.

Groundwater:Groundwater is water located beneath the earth's surfacein soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

10/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

I

Indus River:It is a major river that flows through Pakistan.

Irrigation:Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil.

M

Minerals:A solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence.

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

11/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

Mountains:A large natural elevation of the earth's surface rising abruptlyfrom the surrounding level

N

Non-renewable resources:A natural resource such as coal, gas, or oil that, once consumed,cannot be replaced.

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

12/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

O

Open cast mining:Open-pit mining, open-cut mining or opencast mining is a methodof extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal froman open pit or borrow.

Overfishing:Overfishing is the act whereby fish stocks are depleted tounacceptable levels, regardless of water body size.

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

13/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

P

Plains:A plain is land with relatively low relief, that is flat or gentlyrolling.

Plateau:In geology and earth science, a plateau, also called a high plainor tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting ofrelatively flat terrain.

Plucking:Plucking is a glacial phenomenon, which erodes and transportsbedrock.

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

14/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

Pollution:Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural

environment that cause adverse change.

Precipitation:Precipitation is any product of the condensation ofatmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity.

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

15/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

R

Rapids:A rapid is a section of a river where the river bed has arelatively steep gradient causing an increase in watervelocity and turbulence.

Ravines:A ravine is a landform narrower than a canyon and is oftenthe product of stream-cutting erosion.

Ridges:A ridge is a geological feature consisting of a chain of

mountains or hills that form a continuous elevated crest forsome distance

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

16/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

Relief Rainfall:Relief rain is when moist air from the sea rises over a

mountain and the air gets cold and forms clouds and therain mostly falls on one side and becomes less at thebottom.

Renewable resources:Any natural resource (as water or solar energy) thatcan be replenished naturally with the passage of time.

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

17/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

S

Salinity:Salinity is the saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body ofwater or in soil.

Sand-dunes:A ridge of sand created by the wind; found in deserts or near lakesand oceans.

Scree:A mass of small loose stones that form or cover a slope on amountain.

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

18/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

Siltation:The act of depositing silt at the bottom of a water body.

Snowfield:A snow field is a permanent accumulation of snow and ice,typically found below the snow line

Streams:A stream is a body of water with a current, confined within a

bed and stream banks.

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

19/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

T

Terracing:Make or form (sloping land) into a number of level flat areasresembling a series of steps.

Tube wells:A tube well is a well that is made by inserting a long pipe intothe ground to extract the groundwater.

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

20/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

V

Valleys:In geology, a valley or dale is a depression withpredominant extent in one direction.

WWaterlogging:Waterlogging refers to the saturation of soil with water.

7/31/2019 Pictorial Dictionary

21/21

Pictorial Dictionary

Fatima Farrukh

Water table:The level below which the ground is saturated with water.

Weather:Short term daily changes in atmospheric conditions.