pilot's guide gold crown

NAV

N33

30W

24

21 S15

12E

6

3NAV

GSOFF

COMPA

SS

KTNM 3561482

HDGCOURSE

ı

NM KT MIN

1

OFFN 1

HLDN 2

3118092.4

Pilot’s Guide Gold CrownGold Crown

Avionics

PUSH

OFF

RANGE

TST

SBYON

ALT VFRTATA/RA

XPDR/TCAS

^^

1/2

IDT

ı

22002R

TA/RA 5 < >

IDT

FL

1

VHF COMMKFS 598 2KFS 598A 3-5

NAV/VOR/ILSKFS 564 6KFS 564A 7-9Navigation Indicator 10Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI) 11KPI 552B and KPI 553A/B Controls and Indicators 12-13

DME/TACANKDI 572/573/574 When Used With the KDM 706/706A 14-16KFS 579A AND KDI 572/573/574 When Used With the KTU 709 16-18KFS 579A TACAN Control Unit 19KFS 579A NAV/TACAN Control Unit 20-21TACAN/DME Channel Designation and Paired Frequencies Table 22-24

ATCRBS TRANSPONDERKFS 576/KFS 576A 25-27

RMIKNI 582 28

ADFKFS 586/586A 29-33

HF/SSB COMMKFS 594 34-35KCU 951 36-39

MARKER BEACONKA 35 When Used With the KMR 675 40-41

RADAR ALTIMETERKNI 415/416 42-44

MODE S TRANSPONDERKFS 578A 45-48

This Pilot’s Guide compilesthe operation sections from

Bendix/King Gold CrownInstallation manuals.

The major sections of thisPilot’s Guide are arranged by unittype with the subsections beingindividual units.

Table of Contents

2

KFS 598 Operating Procedures

Rotate the VOL control knobclockwise from the OFF position. Tooverride the automatic squelch pull theVOL knob out and rotate the VOLcontrol for desired listening level onthe noise being produced by thereceiver. Push the VOL knob back into activate the automatic squelch.

Select the desired operatingfrequency in the Standby display byrotating the Frequency Control knobseither clockwise or counterclockwise.A clockwise rotation will increase thefrequency while a counterclockwiserotation will decrease the frequency.The larger tuning knob will increase ordecrease the MHz portion of thedisplay in 1 MHz steps. At band edge

KFS 598 Comm Control Functions

(118 MHz on the low end and either136 or 151 MHz on the high end) thenext 1 MHz step will cause the displayto wrap around to the opposite bandedge. The smaller tuning knob willincrease or decrease the KHz portionof the display in 50 KHz steps with theknob pushed in or in 25 KHz stepswith the knob pulled out. Rollover tothe opposite band edge occurs at 000and 975 KHz. While in the StandbyEntry mode, the transceiver remainstuned to the frequency displayed inthe Active window at all times. Totransfer the Standby Frequency to theactive, press the Transfer Button.During the transmit operation, a TXannunciation will light just right of theactive display, signifying that thetransceiver is in the Transmit mode ofoperation.

VHF Comm

ACTIVE WINDOW

STANDBY WINDOW

ON/OFF/VOLSQUELCH TEST

TX ANNUNCIATOR

PHOTOCELL

TRANSFER BUTTON

FREQUENCY CONTROL KNOBS

COMMVOL

OFF PULL25K

SBY

118.00)13697

PULLTEST

ı

3

ACTIVE WINDOW

STANDBY WINDOW

ON/OFF/VOL

CHAN BUTTON

PHOTOCELL

TRANSFER BUTTON


COMMVOL

OFF

SBY

CHAN

118.00136.97

ı

PULLTEST

the tuning knobs, and then trans-ferring the selected frequency into theActive window by pressing theTransfer button. The larger tuningknob will increase or decrease theMHz portion of the display in 1 MHzsteps. At band edge (118 MHz on thelow end and either 136 or 151 MHz onthe high end) the next 1 MHz step willcause the display to wrap around tothe opposite band edge. The smallertuning knob will increase or decreasethe KHz portion of the display in 50KHz steps with the knob pushed in orin 25 KHz steps with the knob pulledout. Rollover to the opposite bandedge occurs at 000 and 975 KHz.While in the Standby Entry mode, thetransceiver remains tuned to thefrequency displayed in the Activewindow at all times. During thetransmit operation, a TX annunciationwill light just right of the active display,signifying that the transceiver is in theTransmit mode of operation.

KFS 598A Operating Procedures

Rotate the VOL control knobclockwise from the OFF position. Amomentary unsquelched state willoccur. To override the automaticsquelch state, push the PUSH TSTknob. To return to the squelched statepush the PUSH TST knob once again.

When the mic is keyed, the TXannunciator will light just right of theactive display. If the mike key is helddown for more than 1-1/2 minutes, thekey line to the KTR 908 will bedisabled. The total display will thenflash as long as the mic key isdepressed.

Frequency Mode:

Standby Entry

Frequency selection is accomp-lished in the Standby Entry mode bychanging the frequency displayed inthe Standby window of the display with

KFS 598A Control Functions

4

Civil Operation

Active Entry

The Active Entry mode is enteredby pressing and holding the Transferbutton for more than 2 seconds. Thefrequency displayed in the Activewindow may then be changed with theFrequency Control knobs in the samemanner as described above. Thereceiver will be tuned to the frequencydisplayed in the Active window at alltimes.

Momentarily pressing theTransfer button will return the controlunit to the Standby Entry mode. TheStandby frequency displayed prior toentering the Active Entry moderemains unchanged.

Channel Mode

A. Momentarily pressing theCHAN button while in Frequencymode puts the unit in Channel mode.The unit remains tuned to the lastactive frequency displayed beforeentering Channel mode. The lastused channel number is displayedunless no channels have beenprogrammed, in which case the unitdefaults to Channel 1 and dashes aredisplayed in the Standby window.

Turning either tuning knobchanges the channel number andcorresponding frequency. Thechannels will only increase anddecrease to channels that have beenprogrammed. If there has been noactivity for five seconds the unit willreturn to Frequency mode and thechannel frequency is placed in theStandby window. Pressing the CHANbutton before the 5 second delay iscompleted will return the unit toFrequency mode and the status ofFrequency mode prior to enteringChannel mode remains the same.

B. When in Channel mode,pressing the Transfer button will returnthe unit to Frequency mode. Thechannel frequency will become thenew Active frequency and the lastActive frequency will become the newStandby frequency. If the unit was inActive Entry mode prior to enteringChannel mode, pressing the Transferbutton or allowing the unit to time outwill bring it back to Standby Entry.

Program Mode

A. Program mode is selected bypressing and holding the CHAN buttonfor longer than two seconds. The unittunes the KTR 908 to last activefrequency displayed before enteringProgram mode and the last usedChannel number is displayed whenProgram mode is entered. TheChannel number flashes and turningeither tuning knob changes theChannel number. When the Channelnumber is flashing, pressing theTransfer button will cause the Channelnumber to stop flashing and cause thefrequency to flash, unless the channelis Program Secured. The securedmode prevents the pilot from changingthe programmed channels. This isaccomplished by a strap in the aircraftwiring.

The tuning knobs then work as inFrequency mode, except betweenrollover points 118.XX to 136.XX and136.XX to 118.XX, or 118.XX to151.XX and 151.XX to 118.XX forextended frequency range, dashes aredisplayed to unprogram the channel.When frequency is flashing, pressingthe Transfer button will cause thefrequency to stop flashing and theChannel number to flash allowing thenext channel to be programmed.

B. If no activity has occurred for20 seconds the unit returns toFrequency mode. The unit can also

5

be returned to Frequency mode fromProgram mode by pressing the CHANbutton. Returning to Frequency modewill not change the Active or Standbyfrequencies from what they were priorto entering Program mode.

Remote Transfer

Operates identically as frontpanel Transfer button with theexception that holding the RemoteTransfer button for two seconds doesnot place unit in Active Entry.

Military Operation

Channel Mode

The Channel Mode operates thesame as in civil operation except theChannel Mode does not time out andreturn to the Frequency Mode.

Program Mode

The Program Mode operates thesame as in civil operation.

Default Mode

Turning the units on while holdingthe Transfer button down will bring theunit on in Active Entry and load120.00MHz as the Active frequency.This will aid the pilot in blind tuning theradio in the case of display failure.

Remote Transfer

Operates identically as frontpanel Transfer button with theexception that holding the RemoteTransfer button for two seconds doesnot place unit in Active Entry.

Remote Channel

Pressing the RemoteChannel button will cause the systemto enter the Channel mode ofoperation and will increase thechannel from the previous channelnumber used.

6

KFS 564

Rotate the VOL control clock-wise from the OFF position to turn thesystem on. Clockwise rotation beyondthe OFF position will increase the NAVaudio volume. Counterclockwiserotation will decrease the audiovolume.

Frequency selection isaccomplished with the FrequencyControl knobs. Clockwise rotation willincrease the frequency andcounterclockwise rotation willdecrease the frequency. The largerknob will change the MHz portion ofthe display. At band edge (108 or117MHz) the next 1MHz step willcause the display to wrap around tothe opposite band edge. The smaller

NAV/VOR/ILS

knob will change the KHz portion ofthe display and will wrap around atthe band edges (00 and 95) in thesame manner.

With the smaller FrequencyControl knob pushed in, frequencyselection is accomplished by enteringa frequency into the Standby displayand then transferring that frequencyinto the Active window by pressing theTransfer button. Frequency selectionmay be accomplished directly in theActive window by pulling the smallerFrequency Control knob out, waitinguntil the Standby display showsdashes (— — —), and then enteringthe desired frequency. The receiverwill remain tuned to the frequencydisplayed in the Active window at alltimes.

KFS 564 Control Functions

ACTIVE WINDOW

STANDBY WINDOW

ON/OFF/VOL

PHOTOCELL

TRANSFER BUTTON


NAVVOL

OFF

SBY

108.00117.95

ı

7

ACTIVE WINDOW

STANDBY WINDOW

ON/OFF/VOL

CHAN BUTTON

PHOTOCELL

TRANSFER BUTTON


NAVVOL

OFF

SBY

CHAN

108.00117.95

ı


Frequency Control knob will incrementor decrement the KHz portion of thedisplay in 50KHz steps. Rollover tothe opposite band edge occurs at 00or 95. While in the Standby Entrymode, the receiver remains tuned tothe frequency displayed in the Activewindow at all times.

Active Entry

The Active Entry mode is enteredby pressing and holding the Transferbutton for more than 2 seconds. Thefrequency displayed in the Activewindow may then be changed with theFrequency Control knobs in the samemanner as described above. Thereceiver will be tuned to the frequencydisplayed in the Active window at alltimes.

Momentarily pressing theTransfer button will return the controlunit to the Standby Entry mode. TheStandby frequency displayed prior toentering the Active Entry moderemains unchanged.

KFS 564A

On/Off and VOL Control

Rotate the VOL control clockwisefrom the OFF position to turn thesystem on. Clockwise rotation beyondthe OFF position will increase the NAVaudio volume. Counterclockwiserotation will decrease the audiovolume.

Frequency Mode:

Standby Entry

Frequency selection is accomp-lished in the Standby Entry mode bychanging the frequency displayed inthe Standby window of the display withthe Frequency Select knobs, and thentransferring the selected frequencyinto the Active window by pressing theTransfer button. The larger controlknob will increase or decrease theMHz portion of the display in 1MHzsteps with rollover at each band edge(108 or 117MHz). The smaller

8

Civil Operation

Channel Mode

Momentarily pressing the CHANbutton while in the Frequency modewill place the unit in the Channelmode. The receiver will remain tunedto the last Active frequency displayedbefore entering the Channel mode.The last Channel number used will bedisplayed, unless no channels havebeen programmed, in which case theunit defaults to Channel 1 and dashesare displayed in the Standby window.

Turning either Frequency Controlknob will increase or decrease theChannel number. The unit will onlyincrease or decrease to channels thathave been programmed. Thefrequency associated with eachChannel number will be displayed inthe Standby window. If there is noknob activity for 5 seconds the unit willreturn to the Frequency mode and theChannel frequency will be displayed inthe Standby window. Pressing theCHAN button will return the unit to theFrequency mode and the status of theFrequency mode prior to entering theChannel mode will remain the same.

When in the Channel mode, pres-sing the Transfer button will return theunit to the Frequency mode. TheChannel frequency will become thenew Active frequency and the lastfrequency used will be the newStandby frequency. If the unit was inthe Active Entry mode prior to enteringthe Channel mode, pressing theTransfer button or allowing the unit totime out will bring the unit back to theStandby Entry mode.

Program Mode

The Program mode is entered bypressing and holding the CHAN buttonfor more than 2 seconds. The receiverremains tuned to the last Activefrequency displayed before enteringthe Program mode and the lastChannel number used will bedisplayed. The Channel number willbe flashing and may be changed withthe Frequency Control knobs.Pressing the Transfer button willcause the Channel number to stopflashing and cause the frequency toflash (unless the channel is ProgramSecured). The frequency may then bechanged with the Frequency Controlknobs in the same manner asdescribed above with the exceptionthat the first step past any band edgewill cause dashes to be displayed.Any Channel with dashes displayedwill be unprogrammed. Pressing theTransfer button will cause thefrequency displayed to stop flashingand the Channel number will flashallowing the next channel to beprogrammed.

The unit will revert to theFrequency mode if no knob activitytakes place for 20 seconds. The unitmay also be returned to the Frequencymode from the Program mode bymomentarily pressing the CHANbutton. On reentering the Frequencymode the Active and Standbyfrequencies displayed will be the lastfrequencies displayed prior to enteringthe Program mode.

Remote Transfer

Operates identically to the frontpanel Transfer button with theexception that holding the RemoteTransfer button for 2 seconds does notcause the unit to enter the Active Entrymode.

9

Military Operation

Channel Mode

Momentarily pressing the CHANbutton while in the Frequency modeplaces the unit in the Channel mode.The last channel used will be theChannel number displayed. Thereceiver will be tuned to the frequencydisplayed in the Standby window. Ifno channels are programmed into theunit, the unit will display “CH 1” anddashes in the Standby display for 5seconds and will tune the receiver tothe last Active frequency. The unit willonly channel to channel numbers witha frequency programmed into them.

Note: Channel mode does not timeout as in civil operation.

Momentarily pressing the CHANbutton will return the unit to theFrequency mode and the status willremain as it was prior to entering theChannel mode. Holding the Transferbutton depressed for more than 2seconds while in the Channel modewill cause the unit to enter the ActiveTune mode.

Program Mode

Pressing and holding the CHANbutton for longer than 2 seconds willcause the unit to enter the Programmode. The last channel in use will bedisplayed and will be flashing. Thereceiver will be tuned to the last Activefrequency. While flashing, theChannel number may be changedwith the Frequency Control knobs.Pressing the Transfer button willcause the Channel number to stopflashing and the frequency in theStandby window will flash. Thefrequency may then be changed with

the Frequency Control knobs in themanner described above. The firststep past either band edge will causedashes to be displayed in the Standbywindow. Any Channel with dashesentered will be unprogrammed. Anunprogrammed Channel will displaydashes in the Standby window whenrecalled, in which case the receiverwill be tuned to the last valid Activefrequency.

Pressing the CHAN button willreturn the unit to the mode in use priorto entering the Program mode. Thereceiver will be tuned to the frequencydisplayed in the Active window if itreturns to the Frequency mode or willbe tuned to the frequency displayed inthe Standby window if it returns to theChannel mode.

Default Mode

Turning the unit on while holdingthe Transfer button down will bring theunit on in the Active Entry mode anddisplay 110.00 as the Activefrequency. This will aid the pilot inblind tuning the unit in case of adisplay failure.

Remote Transfer

Operates identically to the frontpanel Transfer button with theexception that holding the RemoteTransfer button for 2 seconds does notcause the unit to enter the Active Entrymode.

Remote Channel

Pressing the Remote Channelbutton will cause the system to enterthe Channel mode of operation andwill increment the channel from theprevious channel number used.

10

Navigation IndicatorOmni-bearing Selector (OBS)

The omni-bearing selector isused to select the desired course.The VOR radial selected serves as areference for all VOR indications.

VOR/LOC Deviation Indicator

The VOR/LOC deviation needleindicates the direction and amount ofdeviation from the selected VOR radialor localizer path.

Glideslope Deviation Indicator

The Glideslope deviation needleindicates the direction and amount ofdeviation from the glidepath.

TO/FROM Indicator

The TO/FROM flag indicateswhether the direction to the VORstation is within the semicirclecentered about the direction selectedon the omni-bearing selector or within

the semicircle centered about thereciprocal of the selected course. Ifthe station direction is within 90degrees of the selected course radial,the FROM flag will be visible.

VOR/LOC Warning Flag

The VOR/LOC warning flag isfully visible when the VOR or LOCsignals are unreliable or when amalfunction has occurred in the NAVreceiver. The flag is out of view whenthe signal is reliable and the system isoperating properly.

Glideslope Warning Flag

The Glideslope warning flag isfully visible when the glideslope signalis unreliable or when a malfunctionhas occurred in the glideslopereceiver. The flag is out of view whenthe signal is reliable and the glide-slope receiver is functioning properly.

Navigation Indicator

N

S

E

W

OBS

TO

FR

GLIDESLOPEWARNING FLAG

GLIDESLOPE NEEDLE

OBS KNOB

TO-FROM FLAG

AZIMUTH CARD

VOR / LOCNEEDLE

VOR / LOC WARNINGFLAG

3

612

1512

24

33

30

GS

NAV

11

Radio Magnetic Indicator(RMI)

The VOR needle on the RMIcontinuously indicates the magneticheading to the station referenced tothe RMI compass card.

Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI)

N33

30W

24

21 S15

12E

6

3

ADF

ADF

VOR VOR

HDG

12

KPI 552B and KPI 553A/BIndicator

The following controls andindicators are on the KPI 552B andKPI 553A/B.

N33

30W

24

21 S15

12E

6

3

HDGCOURSE

GSOFF

ADF

O

ALMCID

H

P&Q

GK

BJ

EF

N KPI 553A/B

13

A. Lubber LineFixed reference mark for compasscard. Represents nose of aircraft.

B. Heading Bug (Orange)Indicates Selected Heading.

C. TO-FROM IndicatorIndicates whether the coursepointer is showing the magneticbearing TO or FROM the station.

D. Lateral Deviation IndicatorIndicates flight on selected VORradial, localizer beam or RNAVtrack with respect to aircraftlocation. Scale is 1 dot equalstypically ±.5° of localizer deviation,±2° of VOR deviation, ±1 mile orRNAV Enroute deviation, and ±.25mile RNAV Approach deviation.

E. Heading Select KnobPositions Heading Bug onCompass Card. Knob faceincludes a color coded symbolrepresenting the Heading Bug.

F. ADF/NAV SelectorRotating lever determines whichinformation the ADF/NAV indicator(G) is displaying. Automaticdirection finder (ADF) and radiomagnetic indicator (RMI or NAV)information is supplied by aircraftavionics.

G. ADF/NAV Indicator (Green)Indicates bearing of ADF or NAVsignal.

H. Course Select KnobPositions course selector oncompass card. Knob face includesa color coded symbol representingthe Course Arrow.

I. Glideslope Deviation IndicatorIndicates glideslope beam centerwith respect to (from View)location. Glideslope scale istypically ±.35° per dot. A blackglideslope warning flag covers thisarea when the glideslope signal isinvalid.

J. Compass CardIndicates aircraft magnetic headingwith reference to Lubber Line.

K. Compass Warning Flag (Red)In view when an erroneousdirectional gyro input, a powerfailure or a compass card servofailure occurs.

L. NAV Warning Flag (Red)In view when navigational receiveroutput is invalid.

M. Course Arrow (Yellow)Indicates Selected Course.

N. Photoresistor (KPI 553A/B)Senses light for display dimmingcircuit.

O. Distance Display (KPI 553A/B)The left-hand portion of the displayshows distance (NM) to the VOR orwaypoint, as determined by thefunction switch.

P. Groundspeed, Time-To-Go orAltitude (KPI 553A/B)The right-hand portion of thedisplay shows Groundspeed, Time-To-Go or Altitude as indicated bythe illumination of the KT, H:M orFT legends.

Q. GS/TTG Transfer Button(KPI 553“B” only)Pressing the GS/TTG transferbutton switches the right-handdisplay from the GS display to theTTG display, or from TTG to GSdepending on what is currently inuse. This information is onlydisplayed above 1250 ft. Below1250 ft. the display changes toaltitude as indicated by the legend.

14

DME/TACAN

KDI 573/574 Display

NM KT MIN

1

OFF

N 1HLD

N 2

RANGE GROUND SPEED TIME TO STATION

CHANNELING SOURCE

FUNCTION SWITCH

ı

NM KT MIN

1

RANGE GROUND SPEED TIME TO STATION

CHANNELING SOURCE

ı

92.4 180 31

92.4 180 31

KDI 572 Display

DMEKDI 572/573/574 WhenUsed With the KDM706/706A

The effective range of a DMEdepends on many factors: most impor-tant being line of sight limitationsdetermined by the altitude of theaircraft (see Table 1), weather, thelocation and altitude of the groundtransmitter and transmitter poweroutput. The degree of maintenance ofthe KDM 706/706A DME andmaintenance of the ground station alsocontribute to a DME's effective rangecapability. Usually line-of-sightlimitations will prevent an aircraft onthe ground from receiving and lockingonto a VORTAC station.

The DME system electronically

converts elapsed time-to-distance bymeasuring the length of time betweenthe transmission of a radio signal to apre-selected VORTAC station andreception of the reply signal. Thisdistance is then indicated in nauticalmiles on the DME range/groundspeed/time-to-station indicator. Thisdistance is measured on a slant fromthe aircraft to the ground and iscommonly referred to as slant-rangedistance. Slant-range distance shouldnot be confused with actual grounddistance. The difference betweenslant-range distance and grounddistance is smallest at low altitude andlong range. These distances maydiffer considerably when in closeproximity to a VORTAC facility.However, if the range is three times

15

the altitude or greater, this error isnegligible. To obtain accurate groundspeed and time-to-station, the aircraftmust be on a direct course to or fromthe VORTAC facility.

Note: It is recommended that thepower to the DME system be turnedon only after engine start-up as thisprocedure increases the reliability ofthe solid state circuitry.

The KDI 572 Master Indicatorfunction selector switch serves as thePower ON-OFF control for the systemas well as selecting the DMEchanneling source N1 (NAV 1), Hold(NAV 1 or NAV 2) and N2 (NAV 2). Inmost typical installations, channelingof the DME is accomplished with theNo. 1 and No. 2 VOR/LOC frequencyselectors in the aircraft. The KDI 573requires a external panel mountedswitch to provide ON-OFF and NAV 1,HOLD, NAV 2 Switching.

The DME uses channels that arepaired with VOR/LOC channels.Tuning the desired VOR/LOCfrequency on the NAV frequencyselector automatically pairs the properDME channel. In a few installations, aseparate DME control head isinstalled. It selects the VORTACchannel enabling the DME to functionseparately from the aircraft's NAVsystem.

Information on VORTAC stationscan be found by checking the currentaeronautical chart.

One or two frequency selectorcontrols may be used with the KDI572/574 Master Indicator. The KDI572/574 also provides a Hold function.After a DME channel has beenselected, the Hold function may beselected. This will uncouple thefrequency selector control from theDME and allow a new navigation fre-quency to be selected without chan-neling the DME until the N1 (NAV 1)

or N2 (NAV 2) function is againselected on the KDI 572/574. Thisfeature may be used to advantageduring an approach where both NAVreceivers are tuned to the ILSfrequency. If there is nocorresponding DME channel on theILS frequency, the DME may bechanneled to a nearby VORTACstation before the approach is begunand then placed in Hold positionwhere it will remain giving usefuldistance information up to the time ofloss of signal.

To prevent the display of falseinformation the KDI 572/574 willdisplay “dashes” while in search or ifpower is turned on or momentarilyinterrupted while in the frequency Holdmode, indicating loss of the DMEholding frequency. Normal operationis re-established by placing theindicator function switch in the N1(NAV 1) or N2 (NAV 2) position. A “1”(one) is displayed when N1 or a “2”(two) is displayed when N2 has beenselected as the channeling source. Inthe Hold mode either a “1H” or “H2” isdisplayed to indicate the channelingsource being held.

The indicator will display “RNV”when the displayed range, groundspeed and time-to-station are derivedfrom an area navigation system.

The KDI 572/574 Indicatordisplays range to the nearest nauticalmile from 0 to 99.9 nautical miles andto the nearest 1 nautical mile from 100to 389 nautical miles. Ground speedis displayed to the nearest knot from 0to 999 knots. Time-to-station isdisplayed to the nearest minute from 0to 99 minutes. The display also willindicate 99 minutes for any computedtime-to-station greater than 99minutes.

The KDI 573 Slave Indicator (seeFigure) provides a display identical tothe display on the KDI 572 MasterIndicator. An automatic dimming

AGL ALTITUDE LINE OF SIGHT RANGE(FEET) (NAUTICAL MILES)

1,000 392,000 553,000 674,000 785,000 876,000 957,000 1038,000 1109,000 117

10,000 12315,000 15120,000 174

AGL ALTITUDE LINE OF SIGHT RANGE(FEET) (NAUTICAL MILES)

25,000 19530,000 21335,000 23040,000 24645,000 26150,000 27560,000 30170,000 32580,000 34890,000 369

100,000 389

16

function is designed into bothindicators to adjust the brightness ofthe display to compensate forchanges in the ambient light level.

The NAV Frequency Selectorproveds frequency selection for theNAV receiver (including glideslopechannels) as well as DME channels.The desired navigation frequency isselected by use of two controlslocated on the front panel. The large(inner) control is used to increase ordecrease the navigation frequency in

one MHz increments from 108.00MHzto 117.00MHz. The small (outer)control is used to increase ordecrease the navigation frequency in50 KHz increments. The frequencyselected is displayed in the “frequencywindow”.

The DME system provides anaudio output capability allowing thepilot to identify the DME groundstation by listening to the CW tonestransmitted by the ground station at30-second intervals.

weather, type of terrain, location andaltitude of the ground transmitter andtransmitter power. Usually line-of-sightlimitations will prevent an aircraft onthe ground from receiving and lockingon to a TACAN or VORTAC groundstation. Typical operating distanceversus altitude is shown in Table 1.

The range measurement portionof the KTU 709 TACAN systemelectronically converts elapsed time-to-distance by measuring the length oftime between the transmission of aradio signal to a pre- selected TACANor VORTAC station and reception ofthe reply signal. This distance is then

TACAN

KFS 579A and KDI572/573/574 When Used With the KTU 709

The KTU 709 TACAN system is apolar coordinate UHF navigationsystem that provides relative bearingand slant-range distance informationwith respect to a selected TACAN orVORTAC ground station. The effectiverange of the TACAN is limited to theline-of-sight. Actual operating rangedepends on the altitude of the aircraft,

Table 1 Aircraft Altitude Versus Range Capability

17

indicated in nautical miles on therange/groundspeed/time-to-stationindicator. The distance is measuredon a slant from the aircraft to theground and is commonly referred toas slant-range distance. Slant-rangedistance should not be confused withactual ground distance. The differ-ence between slant-range distanceand ground distance is smallest at alow altitude and long range. Thesedistances may differ considerablywhen in close proximity to a TACANor VORTAC ground station. However,if the range is three times the altitudeor greater, the error is negligible. Toobtain accurate ground speed andtime-to-station, the aircraft must be ona direct course to or from a TACAN orVORTAC ground station.

Note: It is recommended that thepower to the KTU 709 TACAN systembe turned on only after engine start-up as this procedure increases thereliability of the solid state circuitry.

The KDI 572/573/574 indicatorsdisplay range to the nearest 0.1nautical mile from 0 to 99.9 nauticalmiles and to the nearest 1 nauticalmile from 100 to 389 nautical miles.Groundspeed is displayed to thenearest knot from 0 to 999 knots.Time-to-station is displayed to thenearest minute from 0 to 99 minutes,the display also will indicate 99minutes for any computed time-to-station greater than 99 minutes. Theindicators will display “RNV” when thedisplayed range, groundspeed andtime-to-station are derived from anarea navigation system. Theindicators will display “dashes” whilein search or if power is turned on ormomentarily interrupted while in thefrequency Hold mode, indicating lossof the DME holding frequency. Normaloperation is re-established by placingthe KDI 572/574 function switch in the

N1 (NAV 1) or N2 (NAV 2) position. A“1” (one) is displayed when N1 or a “2”(two) is displayed when N2 has beenselected as the channeling source. Inthe Hold mode either a “1H” or “H2” isdisplayed to indicate the channelingsource being held.

The KDI 573 Slave Indicatorprovides a display identical to thedisplay on the KDI 572/574 MasterIndicator. An automatic dimmingfunction is designed into bothindicators to adjust the brightness ofthe display to compensate for changesin the ambient light level.

The KDI 572 Master Indicatorfunction selector switch serves as thePower ON-OFF control for the systemas well as slecting the TACANchanneling source N1 (NAV 1), Hold(NAV 1 or NAV 2) and N2 (NAV 2).The KDI 574 requires a external panelmounted switch to provide ON-OFFand NAV 1, HOLD, NAV 2 Switching.

In hold (H1 or H2) The KDI572/574 will uncouple the frequencyselector control from the TACAN andallow a new navigation frequency tobe selected without channeling theKTU 709, until the N1 (NAV 1) or N2(NAV 2) function is again selected onthe KDI 572/574. This feature may beused to advantage during an approachwhere both NAV receivers are tunedto the ILS frequency. If there is nocorresponding DME channel on theILS frequency, the TACAN may bechanneled to a nearby VORTACstation before the approach is begunand then placed in Hold positionwhere it will remain giving usefuldistance information up to the time ofloss of signal.

The KTU 709 TACAN will notoutput TACAN bearing compositewhen its designated tuning source(either NAV 1 or NAV 2) is deselectedor when a frequency HOLD isattempted (either NAV 1 or NAV 2).This feature provides better pilot

18

management of the TACAN derivedsteering signal when dual tuningsources (and dual HOLD sources)exist.

A typical installation may havethe TACAN tuning source designatedas the NAV 1 control head wherebythe pilot associates this tuning sourcewith the number one navigationaldisplay system. Pilot selection of NAV2 to tune the TACAN will now removethe TACAN derived steeringinformation from the number one NAVdisplay. This action allows only thesteering information obtained from thenumber one tuning source to bedisplayed on the number one NAVdisplay. Pilot selection of NAV 1HOLD will also remove the steeringinformation from the NAV 1 steeringdisplay. This action prevents theoperator from associating a retuned-during-HOLD frequency on the NAV 1tuning head with the tune-before-HOLD steering information displayedhad that steering information beenpresented. The TACAN may usechannels that are paired withVOR/LOC channels. Tuning thedesired VOR/LOC frequency on theNAV frequency selector automaticallypairs the proper TACAN channel.Table 2 shows VOR frequency toTACAN channel and frequencyconversion. In certain installations, aseparate TACAN control head isinstalled. It selects the TACAN orVORTAC channel enabling the unit tofunction separately from the aircraft's

NAV system. The number of channelsis limited to 200 if tuning is accomp-lished using a NAV control head. ATACAN control head will tune all 252channels. This unit selects TACANchannels 1 thru 126, X or Y. To tune aVORTAC station, one must know thechannel number of the correspondingVOR frequency. Refer to Table 2.

Information on TACAN andVORTAC ground stations may befound in the current aeronautical chart.

Bearing information may bedisplayed on the KI 203 or KI 229indicator. The KTU 709 provides aTACAN derived composite outputwhich can directly drive most VORindicators. Because it operates atmicrowave frequencies, the KTU709's TACAN bearing signal is lesssubject to erratic behavior such asVOR “scalloping". It is also lessaffected by helicopter rotor modula-tion and is less prone to reflectedsignal distortions than VOR.

The KTU 709 provides echomonitoring and protection. It alsofeatures self-test modes for bothbearing and range. Self-test modesmay be used to checkout the systemprior to installation or as an in-flighttest to verify the system is functioningproperly. The KTU 709 TACANsystem provides an audio capabilityallowing the pilot to identify theTACAN or VORTAC ground station bylistening to the ID tones transmitted bythe ground station at 30-secondintervals.

19

KFS 579A TACAN Control Unit

Rotate the “VOL” control knobclockwise from the “OFF” position. Thedisplay will light.

Display Modes

Standby Entry

Two Tacan channels aredisplayed; one in the Active displayand the other in the Standby display.Select desired channel in standbydisplay by rotating the tuning knobseither clockwise or counterclockwise.The larger knob will change the 10'sand 100's digits of the standby display.When changing display past eitherend of specified frequency range thedisplay will roll over to the other end ofthe frequency range. The small knobwill change the unit's ending digit inthe standby display. It also selects Xor Y channel; with knob out,either X orY channels are present and with knobin either X or Y channels are presentdepending on which was displayedprior to pushing the small knob in.

Channels 0 and 127 thru 129 Xor Y are displayed but are not validTacan channels and will flash toindicate their invalidity. The Tacanreceiver will tune to the invalidfrequency.

To tune the receiver to thedesired channel the desired channelmust first be entered into the Standbydisplay, and then the Transfer button

must be pushed for less than 2seconds. This will trade the channel ofthe Active and Standby window. TheTacan receiver is always tuned to thechannel in the Active window.

Active Entry

The Active Entry mode is enteredby pushing the Tranfer button forlonger than 2 seconds. The tuningknobs operate as in Standby Entry,but as the active channel displaychanges so does the tuned frequencyof the Tacan receiver. The standbyentry will be blanked.

Momentarily pushing the Transferbutton causes the standby entry toreappear and the Standby channelprior to Active Entry mode remainsunchanged.

Remote Transfer (Optional Remote Installation)

Operates identically as frontpanel Transfer button. Groundingindicated pin actuates transfer,however, holding the pin at ground formore than 2 seconds will not changethe mode of the unit to Active Entry.

Control Disable

By grounding Pin 8, the frontpanel and remote controls are madenonfunctional. The transceiver is tunedto the frequency in use prior todisabling.

TACANVOL

OFF

SBY

PUSH TST

99109

ACTIVE WINDOW

STANDBY WINDOW

ON/OFF/VOL/TEST

PHOTOCELL

TRANSFERBUTTON

FREQUENCYCONTROL KNOBS

ı

xy

20

KFS 579A NAV/TACANControl Unit

Rotate the “VOL” control knobclockwise from the “OFF” position. Thedisplay will light.

Display Modes

Standby Entry

Two TACAN channels, two NAVfrequencies, or a mixed combination ofNAV frequency and TACAN channelare displayed; one in the Activedisplay and the other in the Standbydisplay. The mode of the standbydisplay is changed from TACANchannel to the NAV frequency or NAVfrequency to TACAN channel bymomentarily depressing the MODEbutton. Select the desired TACANchannel or NAV frequency in theStandby display by rotating the tuningknobs either clockwise orcounterclockwise. The larger knob willchange the 10's and 100's digits of aTACAN channel or the MHz digit of aNAV frequency if that mode isselected. When changing the displaypast the end of the frequency range (0to 129 X or Y or 108.XX to 117.XX)the display will rollover to the otherend of the frequency range. The smallknob will change the units digit forTACAN channels of increments or

decrement in increments of 50KHz forNAV frequencies. Rollovers exist forthe small knob between 0 and 9 X or Yfor TACAN channels and 0 and.95MHz for NAV frequencies. Thesmall knob also selects X or Ychannels; with knob out, X & Ychannels are selected and with theknob in X or Y channels are selecteddepending on which was displayedprior to pushing the small knob in. TheKHz tuning in NAV mode is notaffected by the “PULL Y” option.

To tune the receiver to thedesired channel or frequency, thedesired channel or frequency mustfirst be entered into the Standbydisplay, and then the Transfer buttonmust be pushed for less than 2seconds. This will exchange the Acitveand Standby displays. When thedisplays are mixed combination ofNAV frequency and TACAN channel,the act of transfering a NAV frequencyto the Active display will open a line onthe KNR 634 allowing bearinginformation to come from the NAVReceiver. The act of transfering aTACAN channel to the Active displaywill ground the same line on the KNR634 allowing bearing information tocome from the KTU 709.

NAV/TACVOL

OFF

SBY

PUSH TST

PULLY

MODE

ACTIVE WINDOW

STANDBY WINDOW

ON/OFF/VOL/TEST

MODE BUTTON

PHOTOCELL

TRANSFERBUTTON


99109

ı

xy

21

Active Entry

The Active Entry mode is enteredby pushing the Transfer button forlonger than 2 seconds. Theincrement/decrement knobs operatedas in Standby Entry, however, theStandby display is blanked out andonly the Active display as well as theremote unit is changed by theincrement/decrement knobs. Momentarily pushing the Transferbutton returns the control unit toStandby Entry mode. The Standbyfrequency or TACAN channel prior toActive Entry mode remainsunchanged.

Remote Transfer (Optional Remote Installation)

Grounding the Remote Transferline on the rear connector willexchange the Active and Standbydisplays, however, holding the pin atground for more than 2 seconds willnot change the mode of the controlunit to Active Entry.

Control Disable

By grounding pin 8, the frontpanel and remote controls are madeinoperative.

Default Mode

Depressing the Transfer button orgrounding Remote Transfer whileturning the control unit on will put theunit in Active Entry mode with afrequency of 110.00MHz or a TACANchannel of 37X. Momentarilydepressing the Transfer button willchange the mode of the control unit toStandby Entry with 110.00MHz or 37Xdepending on the mode of theStandby display. This will aid thje pilotin blind tuning the radio in case of adisplay failure.

22

Table 2 TACAN/DME Channel Designationand Paired Frequencies

VOR TACAN XMIT & RCVFREQ CHANNELS FREQ


134.40 (1X) 1025 962134.45 (1Y) 1025 1088134.50 (2X) 1026 963134.55 (2Y) 1026 1089134.60 (3X) 1027 964134.65 (3Y) 1027 1090134.70 (4X) 1028 965134.75 (4Y) 1028 1091134.80 (5X) 1029 966134.85 (5Y) 1029 1092134.90 (6X) 1030 967134.95 (6Y) 1030 1093135.00 (7X) 1031 968135.05 (7Y) 1031 1094135.10 (8X) 1032 969135.15 (8Y) 1032 1095135.20 (9X) 1033 970135.25 (9Y) 1033 1096135.30 (10X) 1034 971135.35 (10Y) 1034 1097135.40 (11X) 1035 972135.45 (11Y) 1035 1098135.50 (12X) 1036 973135.55 (12Y) 1036 1099135.60 (13X) 1037 974135.65 (13Y) 1037 1100135.70 (14X) 1038 975135.75 (14Y) 1038 1101135.80 (15X) 1039 976135.85 (15Y) 1039 1102135.90 (16X) 1040 977135.95 (16Y) 1040 1103108.00 (17X) 1041 978108.05 (17Y) 1041 1104108.10 (18X) 1042 979108.15 (18Y) 1042 1105108.20 (19X) 1043 980108.25 (19Y) 1043 1106108.30 (20X) 1044 981108.35 (20Y) 1044 1107108.40 (21X) 1045 982108.45 (21Y) 1045 1108108.50 (22X) 1046 983

108.55 (22Y) 1046 1109108.60 (23X) 1047 984108.65 (23Y) 1047 1110108.70 (24X) 1048 985108.75 (24Y) 1048 1111108.80 (25X) 1049 986108.85 (25Y) 1049 1112108.90 (26X) 1050 987108.95 (26Y) 1050 1113109.00 (27X) 1051 988109.05 (27Y) 1051 1114109.10 (28X) 1052 989109.15 (28Y) 1052 1115109.20 (29X) 1053 990109.25 (29Y) 1053 1116109.30 (30X) 1054 991109.35 (30Y) 1054 1117109.40 (31X) 1055 992109.45 (31Y) 1055 1118109.50 (32X) 1056 993109.55 (32Y) 1056 1119109.60 (33X) 1057 994109.65 (33Y) 1057 1120109.70 (34X) 1058 995109.75 (34Y) 1058 1121109.80 (35X) 1059 996109.85 (35Y) 1059 1122109.90 (36X) 1060 997109.95 (36Y) 1060 1123110.00 (37X) 1061 998110.05 (37Y) 1061 1124110.10 (38X) 1062 999110.15 (38Y) 1062 1125110.20 (39X) 1063 1000110.25 (39Y) 1063 1126110.30 (40X) 1064 1001110.35 (40Y) 1064 1127110.40 (41X) 1065 1002110.45 (41Y) 1065 1128110.50 (42X) 1066 1003110.55 (42Y) 1066 1129110.60 (43X) 1067 1004110.65 (43Y) 1067 1130

23



110.70 (44X) 1068 1005110.75 (44Y) 1068 1131110.80 (45X) 1069 1006110.85 (45Y) 1069 1132110.90 (46X) 1070 1007110.95 (46Y) 1070 1133111.00 (47X) 1071 1008111.05 (47Y) 1071 1134111.10 (48X) 1072 1009111.15 (48Y) 1072 1135111.20 (49X) 1073 1010111.25 (49Y) 1073 1136111.30 (50X) 1074 1011111.35 (50Y) 1074 1137111.40 (51X) 1075 1012111.45 (51Y) 1075 1138111.50 (52X) 1076 1013111.55 (52Y) 1076 1139111.60 (53X) 1077 1014111.65 (53Y) 1077 1140111.70 (54X) 1078 1015111.75 (54Y) 1078 1141111.80 (55X) 1079 1016111.85 (55Y) 1079 1142111.90 (56X) 1080 1017111.95 (56Y) 1080 1143112.00 (57X) 1081 1018112.05 (57Y) 1081 1144112.10 (58X) 1082 1019112.15 (58Y) 1082 1145112.20 (59X) 1083 1020112.25 (59Y) 1083 1146133.30 (60X) 1084 1021133.35 (60Y) 1084 1147133.40 (61X) 1085 1022133.45 (61Y) 1085 1148133.50 (62X) 1086 1023133.55 (62Y) 1086 1149133.60 (63X) 1087 1024133.65 (63Y) 1087 1150133.70 (64X) 1088 1151133.75 (64Y) 1088 1025133.80 (65X) 1089 1152133.85 (65Y) 1089 1026133.90 (66X) 1090 1153133.95 (66Y) 1090 1027

134.00 (67X) 1091 1154134.05 (67Y) 1091 1028134.10 (68X) 1092 1155134.15 (68Y) 1092 1029134.20 (69X) 1093 1156134.25 (69Y) 1093 1030112.30 (70X) 1094 1157112.35 (70Y) 1094 1031112.40 (71X) 1095 1158112.45 (71Y) 1095 1032112.50 (72X) 1096 1159112.55 (72Y) 1096 1033112.60 (73X) 1097 1160112.65 (73Y) 1097 1034112.70 (74X) 1098 1161112.75 (74Y) 1098 1035112.80 (75X) 1099 1162112.85 (75Y) 1099 1036112.90 (76X) 1100 1163112.95 (76Y) 1100 1037113.00 (77X) 1101 1164113.05 (77Y) 1101 1038113.10 (78X) 1102 1165113.15 (78Y) 1102 1039113.20 (79X) 1103 1166113.25 (79Y) 1103 1040113.30 (80X) 1104 1167113.35 (80Y) 1104 1041113.40 (81X) 1105 1168113.45 (81Y) 1105 1042113.50 (82X) 1106 1169113.55 (82Y) 1106 1043113.60 (83X) 1107 1170113.65 (83Y) 1107 1044113.70 (84X) 1108 1171113.75 (84Y) 1108 1045113.80 (85X) 1109 1172113.85 (85Y) 1109 1046113.90 (86X) 1110 1173113.95 (86Y) 1110 1047114.00 (87X) 1111 1174114.05 (87Y) 1111 1048114.10 (88X) 1112 1175114.15 (88Y) 1112 1049114.20 (89X) 1113 1176114.25 (89Y) 1113 1050

24

114.30 (90X) 1114 1177114.35 (90Y) 1114 1051114.40 (91X) 1115 1178114.45 (91Y) 1115 1052114.50 (92X) 1116 1179114.55 (92Y) 1116 1053114.60 (93X) 1117 1180114.65 (93Y) 1117 1054114.70 (94X) 1118 1181114.75 (94Y) 1118 1055114.80 (95X) 1119 1182114.85 (95Y) 1119 1056114.90 (96X) 1120 1183114.95 (96Y) 1120 1057115.00 (97X) 1121 1184115.05 (97Y) 1121 1058115.10 (98X) 1122 1185115.15 (98Y) 1122 1059115.20 (99X) 1123 1186115.25 (99Y) 1123 1060115.30 (100X) 1124 1187115.35 (100Y) 1124 1061115.40 (101X) 1125 1188115.45 (101Y) 1125 1062115.50 (102X) 1126 1189115.55 (102Y) 1126 1063115.60 (103X) 1127 1190115.65 (103Y) 1127 1064115.70 (104X) 1128 1191115.75 (104Y) 1128 1065115.80 (105X) 1129 1192115.85 (105Y) 1129 1066115.90 (106X) 1130 1193115.95 (106Y) 1130 1067116.00 (107X) 1131 1194116.05 (107Y) 1131 1068116.10 (108X) 1132 1195

116.15 (108Y) 1132 1069116.20 (109X) 1133 1196116.25 (109Y) 1133 1070116.30 (110X) 1134 1197116.35 (110Y) 1134 1071116.40 (111X) 1135 1198116.45 (111Y) 1135 1072116.50 (112X) 1136 1199116.55 (112Y) 1136 1073116.60 (113X) 1137 1200116.65 (113Y) 1137 1074116.70 (114X) 1138 1201116.75 (114Y) 1138 1075116.80 (115X) 1139 1202116.85 (115Y) 1139 1076116.90 (116X) 1140 1203116.95 (116Y) 1140 1077117.00 (117X) 1141 1204117.05 (117Y) 1141 1078117.10 (118X) 1142 1205117.15 (118Y) 1142 1079117.20 (119X) 1143 1206117.25 (119Y) 1143 1080117.30 (120X) 1144 1207117.35 (120Y) 1144 1081117.40 (121X) 1145 1208117.45 (121Y) 1145 1082117.50 (122X) 1146 1209117.55 (122Y) 1146 1083117.60 (123X) 1147 1210117.65 (123Y) 1147 1084117.70 (124X) 1148 1211117.75 (124Y) 1148 1085117.80 (125X) 1149 1212117.85 (125Y) 1149 1086117.90 (126X) 1150 1213117.95 (126Y) 1150 1087



25

ATCRBS Transponder

KFS 576A Control Unit

by code number and/or report thealtitude at which the aircraft isoperating when an altimeter encoderis included as part of the system.

KXP 756 Transponder operationwith the KFS 576/576A Control Unit

Caution: As with all avionics thetransponder should be turned offwhile starting aircraft engine(s).

KFS 576/576A

An aircraft equipped with a KXP756 Transponder may be located inrange and azimuth by a groundATCRBS radar site. The transponderupon receiving Mode A, Mode B orMode C interrogations, transmitscoded returns that identify the aircraft

XPDR

X002

ı

SBY ON ALT IDT

RFL

ON ALT

TSTSBY

OFF

IDT

REPLY INDICATOR

FLIGHT LEVEL

DIGIT SELECT CURSOR

STANDBY INDICATION

ON INDICATOR

ALTITUDEMODE SWITCH

IDENT CODE/FLIGHT LEVEL TEST

IDENT INDICATOR

PHOTOCELL

IDENT BUTTON

FUNCTION SWITCH

CODE SELECT SWITCH

XPDR

X002

ı

SBY ON ALT IDT

RFL

ON ALT

TSTSBY

IDT

OFF

REPLY INDICATOR

FLIGHT LEVEL

DIGIT SELECT CURSOR

STANDBY INDICATION

ON INDICATOR

ALTITUDEMODE SWITCH

ON/OFF SWITCH

IDENT CODE/FLIGHT LEVEL TEST

IDENT INDICATOR

PHOTOCELL

IDENT BUTTON

FUNCTION SWITCH

CODE SELECT SWITCH

KFS 576 Control Unit

26

The KFS 576/576A Control Unit,supplies serial data and control signalsfor the KXP 756 Transponder. Anoptional feature allows the use of dualKXP 756 Transponders individuallyselected by one KFS 576/576AControl Unit. The KFS 576A isequipped with a King Radio 429 serialdata bus and can be integrated into afrequency management system. TheKFS 576A may also be used in thetandem mode (two units controllingone R/T with each control unitdisplaying the same readout).

The selected transponder isturned on by rotating the FunctionSelector knob of a KFS 576 from theOFF position to the SBY position or inthe case of a KFS 576A, turning theOFF switch clockwise to the ONposition. The KFS 576A will always bein the standby mode when it is initiallyturned on. The selected code maythen be entered as follows:Momentarily pressing the CodeSelector knob steps the cursor(located under the first digit of thedisplayed code) to the right one digit ata time. Rotating the knob CW or CCWchanges the numerical value of theselected digit as desired. Holding thecode selector knob pressed in forapproximately 3 seconds causes thecode to automatically change to 1200.The selected code should be inaccordance with the instructions forIFR flight or rules applicable totransponder utilization for VFR flight.On Mod 1 KFS 576 units and all KFS576A's, the VFR code can beprogrammed to be any code (usually1200) by the following technique: A. Place the function selector to

STBY. B. Select the VFR code as required. C. Push the IDT and the CURSOR

buttons simultaneously. The newcode is now programmed intomemory and will appear wheneverthe cursor is pushed and held for

approximately 3 seconds. To eliminate the possibility of

dialing through restricted reply codes,the transmitted reply does not changefor a few seconds after the new codeis selected completely.

Caution: Never activate thetransponder with codes 0000, 7500,5600, 7700 selected on the controlunit. Code 7700 is selected foremergencies, 7600 for radio failure,and 7500 for hijack. Code 0000 isreserved.

The KXP 756 incorporates a solidstate transmitter, no warm up time isrequired. Therefore, any time that theFunction Selector knob is in the ON orALT position, the transponderbecomes an active part of the beaconsystem. It is undesirable from the AirTraffic Control system viewpoint to beoperating out of standby while on theground except during the self-testmode.

The function mode as determinedby the position of the FunctionSelector knob will be displayed in thelower section of the display area. Thereply indicator is an R located in theupper left of the display area andduring normal transponder operationthe R will be visible as an indication ofa transmitted reply. An interrogationwill normally be processed with eachsweep of search radar which willnormally be 10-15 second intervals.The R may light within the intervalfrom a second or third interrogator.

The Ident Button whendepressed momentarily, and thenreleased, holds the IDENT reply forapproximately 25 seconds to assurethe proper reply within at least oneradar sweep. During which time theIDT (ident) nomenclature will bedisplayed. The IDENT feature is usedat the request of the traffic controller.An external ident feature provides for

27

a remote mounted push button switchto also activate the Ident reply.

When the Function Selector knobis in the ON position, the transponderreplies to both Mode A and Mode Cinterrogations but without flight levelinformation. With the FunctionSelector knob in the ALT position, thetransponder automatically selects theproper reply to either a Mode A orMode C interrogation transmittingflight level information if an altitudeencoder is a part of the installation. Anoptional switch permits thetransponder to reply Mode Binterrogations which are used in placeof Mode A interrogations in someareas outside of the U.S.

An automatic dimming functionadjusts the brightness of the displayeddata and nomenclature to compensatefor changes in the ambient light level.A provision is made in the KFS 576Ato cause the display to respond withmaximum brilliance if needed, by anexternal switch.

The test position of the FunctionSelector knob provides for a preflightor airborne check of transponderoperation. This check will beindependent of any groundinterrogation. Switching the FunctionSelector knob to the Test positionshould cause the R (reply indicator) toflash or illuminate continuously. If analtitude encoder is a part of theinstallation, the flight level input to thetransponder and the letters FL willalso be displayed. The flight levelreadout is displayed in 100 footincrements, thus a readout of 005indicates 500 feet, or a readout of 042

indicates a flight level of 4200 feet. Ifan encoder is not included in theinstallation, a reading of -002 hundredfeet will be displayed, unless thecontrol unit is a KFS 576 Mod 1 or aKFS 576A then dashes will appear.The transmitter is inhibited during thetest function. The TST positionprovides a momentary test function inthe KFS 576A and after 3 seconds theunit will revert to the “ALT” mode.

In a dual system with KFS 576Mod 1 or KFS 576A control unit, theexternal standby function may beused. If the system is configured inthis manner, the active transponderwill function as normal. The inactive(external standby) transponder will nottransmit regardless of the position ofthe function switch. In any functioningmode except test, display will showthe reply code of the standby unit. Theletters SBY will indicate that the unit isin standby mode. The unit that is inexternal standby will show the flightlevel when the function switch isplaced in the test position and theletters FL will illuminate. The KFS576A provides only two modes withthe function switch, clockwise for flightlevel information and counterclockwisefor the standby aircraft identificationcode.

Note: The flight level readout is notcorrected for atmospheric pressurechanges.

A maintenance check of thetransponder system and/or altitudeencoder should be performed if thesystem fails the self-test function.

28

RMI

Normal OperationThe KNI 582 RMI repeats

magnetic heading information from adirectional gyro system. Aircraftheading is read under the lubber lineof the KNI 582.

When an ADF receiver is tunedto a station and the appropriate pointerplaced in the ADF mode, the arrow ofthe pointer indicates the magneticheading to the ADF station. Thus, ifthe pilot desires to fly toward thestation, he merely turns his aircraft tothe magnetic heading indicated by thepointer.

When a VOR receiver is tuned toa VOR station and the appropriatepointer placed in the VOR mode, thearrow of the pointer indicates themagnetic heading to the VOR station.If the KNI 582 is used in an areanavigation system, the VOR pointerindicates magnetic heading to thewaypoint. Should a localizerfrequency be selected or the VORreceiver indicates a flagged condition,the VOR pointer is parked 90° to theright of the lubber line.

KNI 582 Control Functions

KNI 582

The KNI 582 display is discussedbelow:

Compass Card/Lubber LineThis rotating card repeats gyro

stabilized magnetic compassinformation. Aircraft heading is readfrom the compass card under theorange lubber line.

Compass FlagThis flag comes into view

whenever the compass systemdetermines that the heading is invalidor the indicated heading has an errorof 5° or more.

PointersThe arrow of either pointer

indicates the magnetic heading to aVOR station/area navigation waypointor an ADF station depending on theposition of the front panel switchesassociated with the pointer.

N33

30W

24

21 S15

12E

6

3

ADF

ADF

VOR VOR

HDG

LUBBER LINE

COMPASS FLAG

NO. 1 SINGLEBAR POINTER

NO. 2 DOUBLEBAR POINTER

COMPASS CARD

IN: ADF MODE OUT: VOR MODE

29

ADF

KFS 586/586A

It is recommended that the KDF806 unit be turned off when theaircraft engine is started in order toprevent possible voltage transientdamage to the radio. The unit isturned off by placing the functionswitch in the OFF position. The KFS586A turns the unit off by rotating theON/OFF/VOL knob fully

counterclockwise. The volume controladjusts the audio output for acomfortable listening level.

Note: In the ADF mode, the audiomuting feature of the KDF 806 causesthe audio output to be muted unlessthe receiver is locked onto a validstation. This reduces interstationnoise and aids the pilot in identifyingnavigable stations.

ADF

VOL

OFF

SBY

X

BFOADF ANT

BFO

1799388

ACTIVE WINDOW

STANDBY WINDOW

MODE SELECTOR

VOLUME CONTROL

NON-ACTIVE RECEIVEANNUNCIATOR

PHOTOCELL

TRANSFEERBUTTON


ı

KFS 586 Operation

The KDF 806 AutomaticDirection Finder has two operationalmodes. With the mode switch in theADF position, the unit is placed intothe ADF mode and the loop antennais enabled. The indicator needle willpoint to the relative bearing of theselected station. To tell if there is asufficient signal for navigationalpurposes, the pilot can place the KDF806 back into the ANT mode, parkingthe indicator needle at 90°. When theunit is then switched to the ADF

mode, the needle should slew to thestation bearing in a positive manner,without excessive sluggishness,wavering, or reversals.

In the ANT mode, the loopantenna is disabled and the unit actsas a receiver, allowing audio receptionthrough the speaker or headphones.The indicator needle remains parkedat the 90° relative position. This modeprovides slightly clearer audioreception, and is used for stationidentification. In various parts of theworld, some stations use aninterrupted carrier for identification


30

purposes. A Beat FrequencyOscillator (BFO) function is provided topermit these stations to be more easilyidentified. Placing the function switchin either of the BFO positions causes a1000Hz tone to be heard wheneverthere is a radio carrier signal presentat the selected frequency.

Frequency Control

A. Standby Entry The Standby frequency is read on

the bottom of the display. It maybe tuned by turning the frequencyselector control. Standbyfrequency tuning does not affectthe Active frequency. Depressingthe Transfer button causes theStandby frequency to appear in theActive, or upper frequency location.To tune Standby frequency:

1. Tune frequency of station desired.

2. Push Transfer button This method permits the pilot to

tune to the desired frequencywithout the accompanying noise oftuning through other stations.

B. Active Entry The Active frequency is read on

the top of the display. Holding thetransfer button depressed forapproximately 2 seconds causesthe Standby frequency display togo out. The Active frequency maynow be controlled directly by thefrequency selector control. In thistuning mode, the station audio ispresent, permitting the operator tohunt for a station by listening to theaudio while tuning. The large outerknob of the frequency selectorcontrol selects the 100's KHz from1 to 17, with roll over from 17 to 1,and roll under from 1 to 17. Thesmall inner knob selects 10's KHzwhen pushed in and 1's KHz whenpulled out. The 10's KHz and 1'sKHz rolls over from 9 to 0 and rollsunder from 0 to 9.

C. Display Flash Any time the frequency displayed

is below 190, the display flashes.This is to alert the pilot he hasselected an out of band frequency.

D. X Character The small X to the right of the

active frequency turns off in theADF and ADF/BFO modes onlywhen the ADF is pointing.


ADFVOL

OFF

SBY

X1799 388

CHAN

PUSHMODE

ACTIVE WINDOW

STANDBY WINDOW

OFF/ON/MODEVOLUME

CHANNEL BUTTON

NON-ACTIVE RECEIVEANNUNCIATOR

TRANSFER BUTTON


ı

31

KFS 586A OperationFrequency Mode

A. Standby Entry Two frequencies are displayed;

one in the Active display and theother in the Standby display.Select desired frequency inStandby display by rotating theFrequency Control knobs eitherclockwise or counterclockwise.The larger knob will change the100KHz portion of the Standby(SBY) display. When changing thefrequency past either end ofspecified frequency range thedisplay will roll over to the otherend of the frequency range. Thesmall knob will change KHz portionof the Standby display. It steps inincrements of 10KHz when theknob is pushed in and 1KHz whenthe knob is pulled out.

To tune the ADF receiver to thedesired frequency, the desiredfrequency must first be enteredinto the Standby display, and thenthe Transfer button must bepushed for less than 2 seconds.This will trade the frequency of theActive/Chan and Standby display.While in Frequency Mode, the ADFReceiver is always tuned to thefrequency in the Active display.

B. Active Entry The Active Entry mode is entered

by pushing the Transfer button forlonger than 2 seconds. TheFrequency Control knobs operateas in Standby Entry, but as theActive/Chan display changes sodoes the tuned frequency of theradio.

Momentarily pushing theTransfer button returns the controlhead to Standby Entry. TheStandby frequency prior to ActiveEntry mode remains unchanged.

Civil OperationChannel Mode

A. Momentarily pressing theCHAN button while in one of theFrequency modes temporarily puts theunit in Channel mode. The unitremains tuned to the last Activefrequency displayed before enteringChannel mode. The last used channelnumber is displayed in the Active/Chan window and the associatedfrequency in the Standby display(unless no channels have beenprogrammed, in which case the unitdefaults to channel 1 and dashes aredisplayed in the SBY display). Turningeither Frequency Control knob willchange the channel number and itscorresponding frequency. Thechannels will only increment anddecrement to channels that have beenprogrammed.

Pressing the CHAN button willreturn the unit to Frequency mode andthe status of Frequency mode prior toentering Channel mode remains thesame. If there has been no activity for5 seconds the unit will return toFrequency mode and the channelfrequency remains in the Standbydisplay.

B. If in Channel mode, pressingthe Transfer button will return the unitto Frequency mode. The Channelfrequency will become the new Activefrequency and the last Activefrequency will become the newStandby frequency. If the unit was inActive Entry mode prior to enteringChannel mode, pressing Transferbutton or allowing the unit to time outwill bring it back to Standby Entry.

C. The On/Off/Volume and Modecontrol operate as in Frequency Mode.

32

Program Mode

A. Program mode is selected bypressing and holding the CHANbutton for longer than 2 seconds. Theunit remains tuned to the last Activefrequency displayed before enteringProgram mode and the last usedchannel number is displayed. Thechannel number flashes. EitherFrequency Control knob changes thechannel number. Any channel, 1 thru9, may be programmed. When thechannel number is flashing, pressingthe Transfer button will cause thechannel number to stop flashing andcause the frequency to flash. TheFrequency Control knobs work as inFrequency mode. When frequency isflashing, pressing the Transfer buttonwill cause the frequency to stopflashing and the channel number toflash allowing the next channel to beprogrammed. An unprogrammedchannel displays dashes.

B. In frequency rollover orrollunder, dashes will be displayedbefore rolling to the highest or lowestfrequency respectively. Leaving thedashes in the display unprograms thechannel when leaving Program mode.

C. If no knob activity has occur-red for 20 seconds the unit returns toFrequency mode. The unit can alsobe returned to Frequency mode fromProgram mode by pressing the CHANbutton. Returning to Frequency modewill not change the Active or Standbyfrequency from what it was prior toentering Program mode.

D. The On/Off/Volume andMode controls operate as inFrequency mode.

Default Mode

Turning the unit on while holdingthe Transfer button down will bring theunit on in Active Entry and load800KHz as the Active frequency.

Military Operation

Channel Mode

A. Momentarily pressing theCHAN button while in Frequencymode puts the unit in Channel mode.The last channel used is the channelnumber displayed. The unit tunes theADF receiver to the frequency in theStandby display provided that it is avalid frequency. Otherwise it will tunethe KDF 806 to the last Activefrequency. If no channels areprogrammed the unit will display for 3seconds; “CH 1” and dashes in theStandby window. Turning eitherFrequency Control knob changes thechannel number and correspondingchannel frequency. The unit will onlychannel to channel numbers with avalid frequency programmed. If thefrequency is below 190Khz, the ADFreceiver does not operate and thefrequency flashes.

Holding Transfer Button for 2seconds selects Active Entry.

NOTE: Channel mode does not timeout as in civil operation.

B. Momentarily pressing theCHAN button will return the unit tofrequency mode and the statusremains what it was prior to enteringChannel mode. The KDF 806 will betuned to the frequency in the Activedisplay.

C. The On/Off/Volume and Modecontrols operate as in Frequencymode.

Program Mode

A. Pressing and holding theCHAN button for longer than 2seconds brings the unit into Programmode. The last used channel numberis displayed and flashes. The ADFreceiver remains tuned to the last

33

Active frequency. When the channelnumber is flashing, the FrequencyControl knobs change the channelnumber. An unprogrammed channeldisplays dashes in the Standbywindow, in which case the receivertunes the last valid Active frequency.

B. Pressing the Transfer buttoncauses the channel number to stopflashing and the frequency to flash.The Frequency Control knobs thenoperate as in Frequency mode.Pressing the Transfer button againcauses the the Channel number toflash and the frequency to stopflashing.

C. In frequency rollover orrollunder dashes will be displayedbefore rolling to the lowest or highestfrequency respectively. Leaving thedashes in the display unprograms thechannel when leaving Program mode.

D. The unit returns to the modeand frequency which were in use priorto entering Program mode bymomentarily pressing the CHAN

button or if no activity has occurred for20 seconds. The ADF receiver will betuned to the frequency in theActive/Chan display if the prior modewas Frequency mode or the frequencyin the Standby window if the priormode was Channel mode.

E. The On/Off/Volume and Modecontrols operate as in Frequencymode.

Default Mode

Turning the unit on while holdingthe Transfer button down will bring theunit on in Active Entry and load800KHz as the Active frequency. Thiswill aid the pilot in blind tuning theradio in case of a display failure.

X Character

The small x to the left of theActive/Chan display turns off in theADF and ADF/BFO modes only whenthe ADF is pointing.

Marine Distress FrequencyOperation

A strap on the KFS 586 or 586Awill allow the KDF 806 to tune themarine distress frequency, 2182 KHZ.To select 2182 KHZ, channel the KFS 586/A to any 1700 frequency androtate the large frequency select knobone click to the right, clockwise. TheKDF 806 will be tuned to 2182. Tofine tune the reception, the small knobmay be used to vary the frequencybetween 2180 and 2189.

To return to standard ADFfrequencies rotate the large knob tothe right, clockwise. The fist click willselect the 100 KHZ frequency, aninvalid ADF frequency. The display willflash and continue to flash until thesecond rotation click and a validfrequency is tuned.

34

KFS 594

The operating controls of the KFS594 are described as follows:

ON/OFF/Volume ControlThe smaller left most knob

controls the ON/OFF switch and theVolume of the received audio. Clock-wise motion of the switch increasesvolume and turns the unit on.

SquelchThe large left most knob selects

the threshold of the received signalabove which the audio shall beenabled. Turn the knob clockwise toreduce this threshold.

ModeThe larger right most knob

controls the emission modes of theradio. When LSB, USB or AM isselected, the radio is set to thecorresponding mode, and the controlhead displays a directly selectablefrequency on one of nineteen userprogramable channels. When A3J isselected, the radio goes to thecorresponding mode, and the controlhead displays an ITU channel.

Cursor/Frequency Control Knob When pushed in the smaller right

most knob moves the cursor (a flash-ing digit) from left to right, and whenrotated, serves to increment ordecrement the digit selected by thecursor.

HF/SSB COMM


HF

OFF

1231

ı

CH

TELAMUSB

LSB

A3JA3A

STO

MHZKHZ

VOL

SQ

SQUELCH

VOLUME/ON/OFF

DIMMER

STO

MODE SELECT

CURSOR/FREQUENCYCONTROL KNOBS

35

Programming

The nineteen user channels areprogrammed as follows:

1. Select the channel to beprogrammed.

2. Step the cursor to the frequencydigits, and change them to thedesired receiver frequency.Changing the displayed frequencyof a programable channel willautomatically place the controlhead in program mode, as shownby the flashing dash adjacent tothe channel number.

3. Press STO. When the radioaccepts the program of the receivefrequency, the flashing “TX” letterswill appear in the upper right of thedisplay and the cursor will move tothe 10/1MHz digits.

4. Change the displayed frequency tothe desired transmit frequency.

5. Press STO. When the transmitfrequency is accepted, the letters“TX” will disappear as will thecursor.

STOThe STO button performs three

functions. First, when in the channelmode and not in program mode(program mode is annunciated by aflashing dash in the space adjacent tothe channel number), pressing STOcauses the head to display the letters“TX” and the transmit frequency, whilethe receiver monitors the transmitfrequency. This allows the user tolisten for signals on the transmitfrequency of a duplex channel.Second, if STO is pushed while themicrophone is keyed, a 1000Hz tonewill transmitted. This is used to breakthe squelch of some stations. Third,pressing the STO while in programmode enters the selected frequencyinto the channel to be programmed.

36

KCU 951 Control Functions

USB MODE FREQ CHAN

CLARIFIER SQUELCH VOLUMESTO PGM

PULLON

OFF

FREQ KHZ CHANNEL

HFı

KCU 951

The operating controls of theKCU 951 are described as follows:

ON/OFF/VolumeApplies power to the unit and

controls the audio output level.

SquelchSquelch Control provides variable

squelch threshold control.

ClarifierClarifier Control provides up to

250Hz of local oscillator adjustmentduring the receive mode of operationonly. This function is performed byvarying the master reference oscilla-tor frequency. Means are provided todisengage the clarifier function bypushing the adjust knob in.

ModeThe emission mode switch is a

momentary pushbutton that selectsLSB, AME, USB or optional A3A.Emissions mode selection is cyclicmoving from left to right. This switchis active at all times except transmit.A3A is indicated by displaying the AMand USB messages simultaneously.

Freq/ChanThis switch transfers the HF

System from a direct frequencyoperation to a channelized form ofoperation. The switch operates as atwo position switch. The depressedposition establishes the channelizedform of operation.

37

Channel/Frequency SelectThis selector consists of two

concentric knobs that controls thechannel and frequency digits, plus thelateral position of the cursor. Theseswitches function as FrequencyControl switches.

Channel ControlThe outer knob is not functional

when the FREQ/CHAN switch is inthe CHAN position. The inner knobwill provide channel control from 1through 99.

Frequency ControlThe outer concentric knob

becomes a cursor (flashing light)control with the FREQ/CHAN switchin the FREQ position. Rotation of theouter knob in a counterclockwisedirection, one step will cause the rightdigit to flash. The flashing digit can beincreased or decreased with the innerknob with rollover to 0 or 9 or optionalautomatic carry or borrow to thosedigits more significant than the cursordigit. A clockwise rotation of theouter knob will cause the cursor(flashing digit) to move in a left toright direction. The Tens megahertzdigit cannot be selected. The unitsdigit selects frequencies from 2 to29MHz in 1MHz steps with rolloverfrom 2 to 29MHz and 29 to 2MHz.

Program (PGM) SwitchThis switch enables channelized

data to be modified. The PGMmessage will be displayed wheneverthis switch is depressed.

Store (STO) SwitchThis switch is used to store the

displayed data when programmingthe preset channels.

System Power Up

When power is first applied(OFF/ON VOL CONTROL), thefrequency display is blanked andtransmit is inhibited until the crystaloven is heated up and synthesizer islocked. If the FREQ/CHAN button isin the depressed position, the activechannel will be displayed. The activechannel would be the last channelused on transmit prior to system turnoff. The auto coupler is switched tothe “bypassed” state. The system isfunctioning as a receiver connecteddirectly to the HF antenna.

The receiver frequency willappear on the display (approximately1-3 minutes after turn on) uponsynthesizer lockup and oven warm up.The time delay will depend on thetemperature of the crystal oven at turnon.

Depressing the mic key buttonmomentarily will initiate the couplerauto tune sequence. Frequency willagain be blanked during the auto tunecycle, the TX message will also flash.Emission mode and channel numberwill continue to be displayed. Activefrequency will reappear uponcompletion of the coupler tunesequence.

Channel Operation

Channel number, emission modeand active frequency will be displayed.When operating in the optional A3Amode the AM and USB messages areboth illuminated. When transmitting inthe channel mode, the transmitfrequency and an added TX messagewill be displayed. Rotation of the innercontrol knob causes the channelnumber to be increased or

38

decreased. The coupler is switched tothe bypass condition when a channelchange occurs. Depressing the mickey will initiate the auto tunesequence.

The auto coupler generates a“READY” signal that inhibits the autocoupler tune sequence until a channelchange occurs. The auto couplermonitors SWR during transmit.Should the SWR degrade to a ratiogreater than 3.6:1, the auto couplerwill start a tune cycle synchronizedwith the next mic key depression.

If a PA or coupler fault isdetected, transmit is inhibited and thefrequency digits will flash indicatingthe fault. Depressing the mic key or achannel change will clear the faultindication.

All 99 of the preset channels maybe programmed for semi duplexsimplex or receive only operation, asdesired. For the case of the semiduplex channel, the coupler isbypassed in receive to avoid receiverdesensitization due to narrow antennabandwidths.

A “receive only” channel may beprogrammed to allow only receivemode. When a receive only channel isdetected, the coupler is bypassed andtransmit is inhibited.

Frequency Mode

Operation in the frequency modeis similar to channel mode except thatthe frequency is selected as desiredrather than on a preprogrammedbasis.

Frequency selection isaccomplished by means of cursor/digitFrequency Control knobs. No RCVonly condition applies. Only simplexoperation is allowed. Transmit istherefore allowed on any 100Hzfrequency increase in the 2-30MHzfrequency range.

In normal operation, thefrequency, emission mode and TXmessage when transmitting isdisplayed. No channel number isdisplayed.

When the system is transferredfrom channelized operation to directfrequency control, the initial frequencydisplayed is the last frequency usedfor transmit purposes when operatingin the direct frequency mode.Previous emission mode is also savedand displayed.

The coupler is bypassed underthe above conditions. Auto tunesequence is initiated with the mic key.Changing any digit on the frequencydisplay will cause a coupler bypass.

The cursor control is the outerconcentric knob and works in anincrement/decrement fashion. Cursorposition is annunicated by flashing theactive digit. The cursor occupies oneof six positions and moves left to rightfor clockwise knob rotation.

The cursor hidden position is ablank space between the leastsignificant digit and the mostsignificant digit. Depressing the mickey will cause the cursor to go to thehidden position.

The KCU 951 has the capabilityof a borrow/carry type of tuning. Thistype of tuning is called “rollover” and isenabled in the aircraft wiring harness.This allows ease in continuous tuningup and down the frequencies (in100Hz steps). For example, if rolloveris enabled, and two frequency digitsare 89 with the cursor on the 9, onemore clockwise rotation of the knobwill change the digits to 90. Withoutrollover, the digits would revert to 80.Normally, pilots may prefer not to haverollover enabled, so that they mayselect each frequency digit individuallywithout borrowing from or carrying tothe next digit.

39

Program Operation

The program mode is accessedby depressing the PGM switch.

The program mode must beentered while in the channelconfiguration (only channels can beprogrammed). Once in the programmode, the channel number, emissionmode and transmit frequency aredisplayed. Transmit is inhibited. Thetransmit frequency however, may beexamined by depressing the mic key.

Note: LSB only available whereapplication permits.

The following information isstored during the program operation:

A. Receiver frequency B. Transmit frequency C. Receive only channel logic D. LSB, AME, USB, A3A logic

To set a receive only frequencyon any given channel, perform thefollowing:

A. Depress the PGM switch. B. Select channel to be set to receive

only. C. Set receive frequency. D. Select receive mode (LSB, AME,

USB, A3A). E. Depress STO switch once. F. Release the PGM switch or select

and program the next channel asdesired.

The above procedure stores thedisplayed frequency, stores thedisplayed receive frequency and setsthe receive only bit.

The “TX” message will flash afterthe STO actuation to indicate that thetransmit frequency will be stored onthe next STO actuation.

Setting a simplex channel wouldrequire the following steps:

A. Depress the PGM switch. B. Select channel to be set to

simplex. C. Set receive/transmit frequency. D. Select emission mode (LSB, AME,

USB, A3A). E. Depress STO switch twice. F. Release the PGM switch or select


Setting a semi-duplex channelwould require the following steps:

A. Depress the PGM switch. B. Select channel to be set to semi-

duplex. C. Set receive frequency. D. Select emission mode (LSB, AME,

USB, A3A) E. Depress STO switch once. F. Set transmit frequency. G. Depress STO switch. H. Release the PGM switch or select


40

Marker Beaconmarker the pilot hears a mediumpitched tone in a series of dots anddashes and the amber light flashessynchronously with the tones.

The inner marker is located closeto the end of the runway. The beacontransmitter and antenna project avertical cone shaped pattern of radiofrequency energy. The radiofrequency output of the transmitter ismodulated with an audio tone of3000Hz. An aircraft equipped with theKMR 675 will receiver a 3000Hz tonein headphone or speaker and thewhite lamp will be on while over thestation. The inner marker is used toindicate a point approximately 1500feet from the runway and if on properglide path the altitude above therunway should be approximately 100feet. The inner marker is used for Cat.II ILS approaches.

The optional Hi-Lo Switch in theKMR 675 provides sensitivityswitching control. Many markerreceivers provide only a “lowsensitivity” position. The effect of thehigh sensitivity position is to greatlyenlarge the size of the cone shaped“area of indication” above the station.An aircraft flying at high altitude orslightly off course may fail to receivethe signal when in the low sensitivityposition. It is suggested that the KMR675 marker sensitivity switch first beplaced in high sensitivity position untilaural and/or lamp indication isreceived. The control switch may beturned to low sensitivity to reduce theduration of the indication and to obtaina more accurate reading of passagesince the signal appears to build and

KA 35 When Used With theKMR 675

Marker beacon receivers areused to provide accurate fixes byinforming the pilot of his passage overbeacon stations located on airwaysand ILS approach courses. Threetypes of beacons are used. They arethe inner marker, the outer marker andthe middle marker.

The outer, middle and innermarkers are used in conjunction withthe radio instrument landing systems.The outer marker is normallypositioned on the front localizer coursenear the point where the glideslopeapproach path intersects the minimuminbound altitude after the procedureturn. Distance from the airport willvary from 4 to 7 miles. Radiofrequency from the marker is projectedvertically in an elliptical cone shapedpattern. The marker signal ismodulated at 400Hz and is keyed toemit dashes at a rate of two persecond.

When passing the outer markerthe blue light will falsh “on/off” at a twoper second rate and the pilot will heara series of low tone dashes.

The middle marker is normallylocated on the front localizer courseabout 3200 feet from the approachend of the ILS runway. The radiatedpattern is similar in shape and powerto the outer marker. The middlemarker signal is modulated with1300Hz and the modulation is keyedto identify by alternate dots anddashes. When the KMR 675equipped aircraft passes the middle

41

fade faster on low sensitivity. Themarker audio may now be turned offto obtain the exact time of centerpassage from the light only, since theimminence of station passage hasalready been indicated. Thissuggestion is especially appropriate ifthe pilot is involved in radiocommunication with approach controlor tower at that moment.

The Test Function of the KMR675 performs a functional check of thepanel mounted marker lamps as wellas the tone amplifiers, lamp circuitryand audio circuitry of the remotereceiver. To initiate the test function,place the sensitivity/test switch in the

test position. All marker lamps shouldbe illuminated and an 800Hz audiotone should be present. Placing thesensitivity/test switch in either Hi or Losensitivity should end the test function.If the sensitivity/ test switch remains intest position for longer than two orthree seconds, the test function willautomatically end. The automatic dimming feature of theKMR 675 senses the amount ofambient light in the aircraft and adjuststhe brightness of the marker panellamps. In high ambient lightconditions (direct sunlight) the markerpanel lamps will be much brighter thanin low ambient light conditions.

42

Radar Altimeter



DH

TEST

1

5

2

3

410

1520

RADAR ALT X 100 FEET

INDICATOR NEEDLEFLAG

DH LAMP

SELF-TEST BUTTON

DH BUG

ALTITUDE SCALE

DH KNOB

ı

DH

TEST

FLAG

DH LAMP

SELF-TEST BUTTON

DH BUG

ALTITUDE SCALE

DH KNOB

50

100

150

200 5001000

1500

2000

INDICATOR NEEDLE

ı

FEET

RADAR ALTITUDE

43

KNI 415/416

The KNI 415 and KNI 416 RadarAltimeter Indicators are discussedbelow.

Altitude ScaleThe KNI 415 scale gives

accurate altitude indications from -20to +2000 feet. From - 20 to 500 feeteach mark on the scale represents 10feet. From 500 to 2000 feet, eachmark represents 100 feet.

The KNI 416 scale givesaccurate altitude indications from -10to +2000 feet. From -10 to 200 feeteach mark represents 5 feet, from200 to 500 feet each mark represents20 feet, and from 500 to 2000 feeteach mark represents 100 feet.

Indicator NeedleThe AGL altitude in feet is

displayed beneath this needle.Needle will be clockwise behind maskwhen above 2000 feet.

FlagIndicates invalid altitude

information is being displayed or selftest button is depressed.

Self Test ButtonThis button is used to test the

Radar Altimeter R/T and indicator.When the button is depressed, theflag will come into view and 50 +/-5feet will be displayed.

DH KnobThis knob controls the DH

(Decision Height) bug. By turning itclockwise, the DH bug will increase inaltitude; counterclockwise, the bugwill decrease in altitude.

DH BugIndicates altitude during an

approach at which the DH lamp willlight.

DH LampThis lamp lights when the

Decision Height is reached. The lampcan be turned off by pushing the lampin. The lamp can be turned off bypushing the lamp in. The lamp can beturned on again, when below thedecision height, by depressing thelamp a second time.

Once turned off, the DH lamp willbe automatically armed upon climbout as the aircraft passes through theDH altitude. Pressing the self-testbutton will also turn on the DH lamp ifthe DH bug is set above 50 feet.

Normal Operation

Preflight

A. Turn on primary aircraft power. B. Adjust the DH knob on the KNI

415/416 Radar Altimeter Indicatorto set the DH but to 25 feet.

C. Depress the TEST button. Theindicated altitude should be 50, ±5 feet and the flag should comeinto view. The DH lamp should beout.

D. With the TEST button depressed,slowly increase the DH bug untilthe DH lamp lights. The bug shouldbe 50, ± 5 feet. The lamp shouldbe lit at all altitudes above 50 feet.

E. Release the TEST switch. Thewarning flag should move out ofview and the indicated altitudeshould be 0 feet, nominal.

44

Taxi

When taxiing to and from theramp, the DH light is sometimesannoying. The light may be turned offby simply pressing the DH lamp. Onceoff, the lamp may be turned on againby pressing the DH lamp or pressingthe TEST button, if the DH bug is setabove 50 feet. Climbing past thedecision height (indicated by the DHbug) arms the DH lamp so during theapproach the lamp will light uponreaching the decision height.

In Flight Operation

At normal cruise altitudes above2000 feet, the indicator pointer isbehind the mask and the warning flagis hidden from view above 2,500 feet.A Flight Control System (FCS) warn isapplied to the auto pilot or flightdirector system indicating that usableinformation is not available.

Approach

When the approach plates arereviewed prior to beginning the actualapproach, the pilot should set the DHbut to the decision height altitude, andcheck altimeter operation as follows:

A. Depress the SELF TEST buttonand hold:1. 50 ±5 feet should be indicated.2. The flag should come into view.3. The DH lamp should light (if the

DH setting is above 50 feet).

B. Verify that the pointer comes onscale at 2000 feet AGL by usingthe barometric altitude as areference.

C. If altimeter does not operate asspecified above, refer to thefollowing section: EmergencyOperation.

During the actual approach, theRadar Altimeter System providesaltitude and altitude trip information tothe flight control system. When thedecision height is reached, the DHlamp lights to alert the pilot that adecision is to be made. The DH lampmay then be turned off by pressing thelamp in.

Emergency Operation

Self Test Errors

A. If the altimeter does not indicate 50± 5 feet when initiating self test,disregard radar altimeter system.

B. Should the flag not come into viewbut the indicated altitude is correct,the altimeter system may be used.Keep in mind that subsequentfailures will not be indicated by theflag.

C. Failure of the DH lamp to lightduring self test means the pilotmust watch the indicator closelysince the decision height will not beannunciated.

45

KFS 578A

An aircraft equipped with aMST 67A Transponder may be locatedin range and azimuth by a groundATCRBS radar site. The transponderupon receiving Mode A or Mode Cinterrogation, transmits coded returnsthat identify the aircraft by code

OFFTST

SBY

ONALT

VFR

1/2

IDT

ı

2200FL 2

ALT IDT

PHOTOCELL

IDENT BUTTON

IDENT

4096 SQUAWK CODE SELECTPUSH - ADVANCE CURSOR

4096 CODE AND FLIGHTLEVEL TEST INDICATOR

TRANSPONDER 1-2

MODE SFLIGHT LEVEL

TRANSPONDER MODE

ON/OFF SWITCH

TRANSPONDER 1-2 SELECT FUNCTION SELECT

XPDR

PUSH

OFF

RANGE

TST

SBYON

ALT VFRTATA/RA

XPDR/TCAS

1/2

IDT

ı

2200

PUSHFL

FL 2

ALT IDT

TA/RA 5

PHOTOCELL

TCASABOVE/NORM/BELOW

IDENT BUTTON

IDENT

4096 SQUAWK CODE SELECTPUSH - ADVANCE CURSORPUSH & HOLD - MOMENTARYCHANGE TCAS RELATIVEALTITUDE TO FLIGHT LEVEL

4096 CODE AND FLIGHTLEVEL TEST INDICATOR

TRANSPONDER 1-2

MODE SFLIGHT LEVEL

TCAS MODE

TCAS RANGE

TRANSPONDER MODE

TCAS RANGE

ON/OFF SWITCHPUSH - TCAS

ABOVE/NORM/BELOW

TRANSPONDER 1-2 SELECT FUNCTION SELECT

TA/RA FUNCTION ONLY ON TCAS II VERSIONS

number and/or report the altitude atwhich the aircraft is operating when analtimeter encoder is included as partof the system. Mode S transponderstransmit random replies called squitterwhich include the unique Mode Saddress strapped in the installationharness. The ATC Mode S groundstation receives this Mode S reply and

KFS 578A CONTROL UNIT - MODE S ONLY

KFS 578A CONTROL UNIT - MODE S/TCAS

Mode S Transponder

46

can selectively interrogate one specificMode S address.

The KFS 578A Control Unit,supplies serial data and control signalsfor the MST 67A Transponder. Anoptional feature allows the use of dualMST 67A Transponders individuallyselected by one KFS 578A ControlUnit. The KFS 578A is equipped withan ARINC 429 serial data bus. TheKFS 578A may also be used in thetandem mode(two units controlling oneR/T with each control unit displayingthe same readout).

The selected transponder isturned on by rotating the ON/OFFSelector knob of a KFS 578Aclockwise from the OFF position. Theselected code may then be entered asfollows: Momentarily pressing theFL/Cursor knob steps the cursor(indicated by the flashing digit) to theright one digit at a time. Rotating theFL/Cursor knob CW or CCW changesthe numerical value of the selecteddigit as desired. Rotating the Functionknob to the VFR posit ion forapproximately 3 seconds causes thecode to automatically change to thepre programmed VFR code(usually1200). The selected code should bein accordance with the instructions forIFR fl ight or rules applicable totransponder utilization for VFR flight.The VFR code can be programmed tobe any code by the followingtechnique:A. Place the function selector to VFR.B. Select the VFR code as required.C. Push the Ident(IDT) button. or Wait3 seconds. or Rotate the Functionswitch to the desired mode.

To eliminate the possibility ofdialing through restricted reply codes,the transmitted reply does not changefor a few seconds after the new codeis selected completely.Caution: Never activate thetransponder with codes 0000, 7500,7600 or 7700 selected on the control

unit. Code 7700 is selected foremergencies, 7600 is selected forradio failure, and 7500 for hijack.Code 0000 is reserved.

The MST 67A incorporates asolid state transmitter, no warm uptime is required. Therefore, any timethat the Function Selector knob is inthe ON or ALT posit ion, thetransponder becomes an active part ofthe beacon system. It is undesirablefrom the Air Traffic Control systemviewpoint to be operating out ofstandby while on the ground exceptduring the self-test mode.

The function mode asdetermined by the position of theFunction Selector knob wil l bedisplayed in the lower section of thedisplay area.

The Ident Button whendepressed momentarily, and thenreleased, holds the IDENT reply forapproximately 18 ± 2 seconds toassure the proper reply within at leastone radar sweep. During which timethe IDT nomenclature wil l bedisplayed. The IDENT feature is usedat the request of the traffic controller.An external ident feature provides fora remote mounted push button switchto also activate the Ident reply.

When the Function Selectorknob is in the ON posit ion, thetransponder replies to Mode A, ModeC and Mode S interrogations butwithout flight level information. Withthe Function Selector knob in the ALTposition, the transponder automaticallyselects the proper reply to either aMode A, Mode C or Mode Sinterrogation transmitting flight levelinformation if an altitude encoder is apart of the installation.

An automatic dimmingfunction adjusts the brightness of thedisplayed data and nomenclature tocompensate for changes in theambient light level. A provision ismade in the KFS 578A to cause the

47

display to respond with maximumbrilliance if needed or to follow thepanel lighting dimmer bus.

The test posit ion of theFunction Selector knob provides for aprefl ight or airborne check oftransponder operation. This check willbe independent of any groundinterrogation. Switching the FunctionSelector knob to the Test positionshould cause all segments of thedisplay to light for 2 seconds then thesquawk code display will display flightlevel(alt i tude) information for 4seconds, then return toStandby(“SBY”) mode. The flight levelreadout is displayed in 100 footincrements, thus a readout of 005indicates 500 feet, or a readout of 042indicates a flight level of 4200 feet. Ifan encoder is not included in theinstallation, dashes will be displayedin the squawk code display. Thetransmitter is inhibited during the testfunction.

In a dual system the externalstandby function may be used. If thesystem is configured in this manner,the active transponder will function asnormal. The inactive(externalstandby) transponder will not transmitregardless of the posit ion of thefunction switch. In any functioningmode except test, display will showthe reply code of the standby unit.The letters SBY will indicate that theunit is in standby mode. The unit thatis in external standby will show theflight level when the function switch isplaced in the test position and theletters FL will illuminate. While inExternal Standby the KFS 578Aprovides only two modes with thefunction switch, counter-clockwise forflight level information and clockwisefor the standby aircraft identificationcode.Note: The flight level readout is notcorrected for atmospheric pressurechanges.

The KFS 578A may beincluded in a Traffic Alert and CollisionAvoidance System(TCAS I or II). Inthis case the KFS 578A wil l alsocontrol the TCAS functions.

When the Traff icAdvisory(“TA”) Mode is selected “TA”will be annunciated on the control unitdisplay. This mode will place theTCAS in the Traffic Advisory only(noResolution Advisory) mode. Theselected Mode S transponder willremain in the “ALT” mode while thecontrol unit annunciates “TA”.Note: The KFS 578A does notdisplay TCAS information.

Rotating the Function Switchclockwise from “TA” mode will cause“TA/RA” to be annunciated on thecontrol unit’s display. The TCAS II willbe switched to the “TA/RA” mode.The selected Mode S transponder willremain in the “ALT” mode while thecontrol unit annunciates “TA/RA”.Note: On non TCAS versions, “TA”and “TA/RA” are only annunciated inthe “TST” mode when all segments ofthe display are annunciated.

The TCAS Flight Level is notrelated to the transponder function ofthe same name. The TCAS FlightLevel function causes the TCASindicator to change displayed altitudefrom Relative Altitude (intruder to ownaircraft) to absolute altitude. TheTCAS Flight Level is init iated bypressing and holding (greater than 3seconds) the FL/Cursor Switch. TheTCAS Flight Level function will timeout from absolute altitude to relativealtitude after 15 seconds. The TCASFlight Level function is defined by theTCAS unit. (no TCAS Flight Level isdisplayed on the KFS 578A)

The TCAS Range Switch isused to control the range (in nauticalmiles) that traffic is displayed on theTCAS indicator. The TCAS RangeSwitch is not a hard switch but acontinuous rotary switch. Turning the

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TCAS Range Switch in the clockwisedirection increments through theTCAS ranges and converselycounterclockwise rotation of the TCASRange Switch decrements through theTCAS ranges. The TCAS range doesnot roll over when the range is at itsminimum or maximum (i. e. stops at“15”). The TCAS ranges are “3”, “5”,“10”, “15”, “20” and “40”, and areannunciated on the display.

Above/Norm/Below tells theTCAS to display traffic Above(8700feet above & 2700 feet below), Below(2700 feet above & 8700 feet below)or Normal (2700 feet above & below).The TCAS Above/Norm/Belowselection is sequenced through bypressing the ON/OFF Switch. TheTCAS Above/Norm/Below selection isannunciated on the display as “ ˆ ” forAbove and “ ˇ ” for Below. If both theup and down arrows are displayed themode is Norm.

A maintenance check of thetransponder system and/or altitudeencoder should be performed if thesystem fails the self-test function.

The KFS 578A has a displayadjust feature which allows for displaybalancing with other gas discharge

displays. To utilize this mode firstplace the unit in the “TST” mode byrotating the function select knobcounterclockwise, then press and holdthe “IDT” button for three seconds.An “A” followed by a number between1 and 8 is displayed. Rotate theFL/CURSOR knob to change thenumber which also adjusts theresponse time for the automaticdisplay brightness adjust to react otchanges in ambient light levels. Pushthe FL/CURSOR knob to display a “b”followed by a number between 0 and64. Change this number and thedisplay brightness by rotating theFL/CURSOR knob. This adjustment istypically made at initial installation forbalancing with other gas dischargedisplays in the cockpit. Push theFL/CURSOR knob again to display a“C” plus a number between 0 and 255.This number and the displaybrightness can also be changed byrotaiting the FL/CURSOR knob. Thisadjustment is typically made afterinitial installation for fine adjustment ofthe display brightness. Press the“IDT” button to exit the display adjustmode.

BAlliedSignal AerospaceCommercial Avionics Systems400 North Rogers RoadOlathe, Kansas 66062-1294Telex 669916 KINGRADFAX 913-791-1302Telephone (913) 768-3000

© 1993 AlliedSignal Inc.

10/93 006-08420-0003 Printed in U.S.A.

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