pin lone by u phay kin
TRANSCRIPT
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7/30/2019 Pin Lone By U Phay Kin
1/102
E-booki
screatedbyshanyoma
ukd,fawGYyifvkH
1
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7/30/2019 Pin Lone By U Phay Kin
2/102
E-booki
screatedbyshanyoma
OD;azcif
2
r[moa&pnfol
OD;azcif(EkdifiHh*kPf&nf yxrqifh)
\
ukd,fawGYyifvkH&Jacgifarmifarmifjrefrmjyefonf
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7/30/2019 Pin Lone By U Phay Kin
3/102
E-booki
screatedbyshanyoma
ukd,fawGYyifvkH
3
aus;Zl;wifvTm
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om;&mwGif AkdvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;(tNidrf;pm;)u uRefawmfhtm;ESpfBudrfzdwfac:awGYqkHpOf AkdvfcsKyfBuD;ausmfxif(tNidrf;pm;)ESifha'gufwmarmifarmifwkdYa&SU ]]orkdif;qkdwm[m ukd,fvkdcsifovkdqGJa&;vkYd &wmrsKd;r[kwfbl;? ukd,fBudKufonfjzpfap? rBudKufonfjzpfap jzpf&yfrSefrsm;udk a&;&r,fhudpjzpfw,f/ bufrvkdufvIyf&Sm;rIESifhywfoufNyD; OD;Ek&JUaqmif&GufcsufawGudkvnf;tjynfhtpkHa&;yg? csefrxm;ygeJY}}[laompum;onf uRefawmfhtm; pma&;jzpfatmif wGef;tm;ay;aomaMumifh AkdvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;(tNidrf;pm;)tm;vnf;aumif;? AkdvfcsKyfBuD;xH wifjy
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ESifhvkyfom;jynfolYaeYpOfowif;pmrS t,f'DwmtzGJY0ifrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? 28-1-89 &ufaeYrS 10-2-89 &ufaeYtxd]]a&Twd*kHnDvmcH-yifvkHpmcsKyf\rsKd;aph}}tcef;qufaqmif;yg;&SnfBuD;udk xnfhoGif;az:jyay;aom vkyfom;jynfolYaeYpOf(jrefrm)ESifh(t*Fvdyf)owif;pmt,f'DwmtzGJYtm;vnf;aumif;?
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pma&;ol
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7/30/2019 Pin Lone By U Phay Kin
4/102
E-booki
screatedbyshanyoma
OD;azcif
4
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&mawG trsm;BuD;usefaeao; uRefawmfudk,fwkdif tm;r&[k qkdjcif;jzpfygonf/
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rsm; a&G;cs,f&onfjzpf&m ukdatmifqef;u trIaqmifwpfae&mwGif 0ifNydKif&eftwGuf pnf;&kH;jcif;jzpfykH&ygonf/ odkYaomf(Senior) rsm;u zmodzmomaeMuygonf/ uRefawmfwkdY yJcl;aqmifo[m,ESifhpmzwftoif;trIaqmif a&G;aomtcg ae&mtoD;oD;wGif NydKifbufr&Sdaomfvnf; r*Zif;t,f'Dwmae&mwGifrl udkatmifqef;u uRefawmhftm; NydKifojzifh vufndK;axmif rJcGJ&ygonf/
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onf/ obmywdvJ ukdfatmifqef; awmif;qdkonfhtwkdif; rJjyefcGJa&wGuf&ygonf/ wpfBudrfwGif ukdatmifqef;u(29)rJ& uRefawmfu (42)rJ &ygonf/ (rJrsm; ydkvm&jcif;rSmapmapmu tcef;xJrSmaeolawGuyg rJay;vmaomaMumifhjzpfNyD; ukdatmifqef;ukd yxrrJay;aom (Senior) ausmif;om;tcsKdUu 'Dausmif;om;opf vlpGmvkyfw,fqkdNyD; olYudk ray;bJuRefawmfhtm; ay;aomaMumifh jzpfygonf/)
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7/30/2019 Pin Lone By U Phay Kin
5/102
E-booki
screatedbyshanyoma
ukd,fawGYyifvkH
5
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olu ]]ukdazcif - cifAsm;udk uRefawmf ajymp&m&Sdw,f/ awmfvSefa&;orm;qkdwm okH;rsKd;okH;pm;&Sdw,f? cifAsm;odvm;}} uRefawmfu bmrSrajzyg? olajymrSmudk qufem;axmifaeygonf/
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csKyftaejzifh aemufaemufajymifajymif aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tif aeonfhtcgvnf; &Sdonfhoabmjzpfygonf/
AkdvfcsKyfonf wpfcgwpf&H pdwfaumufwwfygonf/arNrdKUutjyef aysmfbG,fwGif xrif;pm;&ef pDpOfxm;&m pdwftcefYroifh um;ay:rS rqif;bJ pdwfaumufaeonfukd a':cifMunfu acsmharmhajymrS raumif;wwf qif;aomfvnf;xrif;rpm;bJ aeonfhtaMumif; pmtkyfwpfae&mwGif awGYEkdifygonf/ AkdvfcsKyfrSm if;\trnfudk tvGJokH;pm;vkyfwmrsKd;qkdvQif ydkpdwfqkd;ygonf/ vkH;0rBudKufyg/
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a&;&if;a&;&if;ESifh wjznf;jznf; AkdvfcsKyf\twKywd
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7/30/2019 Pin Lone By U Phay Kin
6/102
E-booki
screatedbyshanyoma
OD;azcif
6
tusOf;csKyfvkd jzpfaeNyD[k xifygonf/ vlodenf;aom tcsufrsm;vnf;jzpf? a&S;jzpfa[mif;udk jyefajymif;owd&vnf;jzpf?rSwfwrf;rSwf&mtjzpf usef&pffaeapvkdvnf;jzpfojzifh a&;om;wifjy&jcif;jzpfygonf/
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AkdvfcsKyfwnfaqmufay;cJhonfhvGwfvyfa&;ESifhtcsKyftjcmtmPmt"GefY&SnfpGm wnfwHhckdifNrJa&;? jynfaxmifpkBuD; rNydKuGJa&;? wkdif;&if;om;tm;vkH; aoG;pnf;nDnTwfrI ckdifrma&;wkdYukdtoufay; umuG,fxdef;odrf;,if; apmifha&SmufMuyg[k wkdufwGef;vkdygonf/
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PfpGrf;&Sdoa&GU BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfcJhMuayNyD/ uRefawmfwkdY vkyfaqmif&m [muGuf? aysmhuGufrsm;? rSm;,Gif;cRwfacsmfcsufrsm;rkcsawGY&SdMuygvdrfhrnf/ wkdif;&if;om;cspfMunfnDnTwfa&;? jynfaxmifpkBuD; wnfwHhckdifNrJa&; vkdvm;Muukefaom yk*Kdvftaygif;wkdYonf ,if;rSm;,Gif;cRwfacsmfrsm;udk z,f&Sm;ausmfvGef wwd,yifvkHnDvmcHBuD;udk usif;yNyD; ydkrkdawmifhwif;ckdifrmaom ydkrkdw&m;rQwaom ydkrkdwnfwHhckdifNrJaom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfBuD;udk 0kdif;0ef;BudK;yrf;wnfaxmifEkdifMuygapownf;/
(OD;wif{)tNidrf;pm;? EkdifiHawmfaumifpD0if
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AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;\tyg;awmfNrJ twGif;0efa[mif;AkdvfxGef;vS(wuokdvfae0if;)\trSm
uRefawmfonf 28-1-89 aeYrS 10-2-89 aeYxkwfvkyfom;jynfolYaeYpOf(jrefrmESifht*Fvdyf)owif;pmrsm;wGif t
Nidrf;pm;oHtrwfBuD;OD;azcif(EkdifiHh*kPf&nfyxrqifh)a&;om;cJhaom 1946-ckESpf? ]]a&Twd*kHnDvmcH-yifvkHpmcsKyf\rsKd;aph}}tcef;qufaqmif;yg;&SnfBuD;udk txl;pdwfyg0ifpm;pGm zwf&IcJhygonf/ uRefawmfhtaejzifh ,if;aqmif;yg;&SnfBuD;udk pdwf0ifpm;rdonfrSmvnf; taMumif;&Sdygonf/
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf tpkd;&tzGJYacgif;aqmifwm0efukd 1946-ckESpf? pufwifbmv 26-&ufaeYu NAdwdefbk&ifcHqm[l;bwf&efYxHrS &,lNyD;aemuf xkdtcsdefrSp yifvkHpmcsKyfvufrSwfa&;xkd;onfh 12-2-47 aeYtxd awmufavQmufwkdif;
&if;om;pnf;vkH;nDnTwfa&;ukd txl;BudK;yrf;wnfaqmufchJykH?awmifwef;a'ojynfe,frsm;odkY ukd,fwkdifftyifyef;cH c&D;xGufcJhykHrsm;onf uRefawmfhtzdkY raeYwpfaeYu Munfhvkduf&aom&kyf&SifZmwfum;wpfckuJhodkY jyefvnftouf0if vIyf&Sm;vmovkdcHpm;&ygonf/ jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;twGuf NAdwdoQtpkd;&xH ta&;qkd&ef vef'efodkYroGm;rD 1946-ckESpf? 'DZifbmvtwGif;uAkdvfcsKyfonf &Srf;jynftESHYtjym;okdY pnf;&kH;a&;xGufcJhpOfuAkdvfcsKyf\]]paw&Sif0uf*Gef;}}armfawmfum;ukd aqmif;yg;&SifOD;azcifukd,fwkdifarmif;vsuf c&D;oGm;&if; wkdif;&if;om;pnf;
vkH;nDnTwfa&;udprsm; aqG;aEG;cJhMuykHrsm;udkvnf; uRefawmfhtaejzifh jyefvnfjrifa,mifrdojzifh OD;azcif\aqmif;yg;rSmuRefawmfhtzkdY txl;pdwf0ifpm;zG,f aumif;aeygawmhonf/
OD;azcif\aqmif;yg; acgif;pOfwGif ygonfhtwkdif;1947-ckESpf? yifvkHnDnTwfa&;pmcsKyf\rlvrsKd;aphrSm 1946-ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dvu usif;ycJhaom zqyvjynfvkH;uRwfnDvmcH(a&Twd*kHtv,fyp,HnDvmcHBuD;)yifjzpfygonf/ tqkdygnDvmcHBuD;onf jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;orkdif;wGif t"dutusqkH;txif&Sm;qkH; orkdif;rSwfwkdifBuD;wpfckvnf; jzpfygonf/
,if;nDvmcHBuD;wGif tqkdwif qkH;jzwfcJhMuaomtqkdrsm;teuf tqkdtrSwf(7)rSm jrefrmEkdifiHvGwfvyfa&;&onfhtcg &Srf;jynftygt0if awmifwef;a'otm;vHk;ukd jrefrmjynfrESifhwpfpkwpfpnf;wnf; aygif;pnf;a&;tqkdyifjzpf xkdtqkdwifoGif;cJholrSm pmtkyfa&;om;ol oHtrwfBuD;OD;azcifyifjzpfygonf/
ae&mwGif OD;azcifESifhywfouf vlodenf;aomtcsuftcsKdUudk az:jyrSom ykdrkdjynfhpkHrnf[k ,lqrdygonf/
nDvmcHwGiff awmifwef;a'oESifhjrefrmjynfryl;aygif;
a&;tqkdwifcJholjzpf OD;azcifonf &Srf;trsKd;om;wpfOD;[kxifolu xifMuygonf/ trSefrSm olonf aysmfbG,fZmwdjzpfNyD; &Srf;jynfwGif BuD;jyif;cJhol Arm-rGwfqvifwpfOD;jzpfygonf/
a&Twd*kHnDvmcHodkY wufvm&jcif;rSmvnf; xkdpOfu zqyvtzGJYcsKyftvHawmfatmuf&Sd tzGJYtpnf;wpfckjzpfaom Arm-rGwfqvifuGef*&uf(xkdpOfu tac:-Aru)\ukd,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;tjzpf wufa&mufcJhjcif; jzpfygonf/
OD;azcifonf jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;&m &Srf;
jynftygt0if awmifwef;a'orS vlrsKd;pktm;vkH;\pnf;vkH;nDnTwfrIonf r&Sdrjzpf txl;ta&;BuD;aom vkdtyfcsufjzpfaMumif; AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;\cH,lcsufudk t
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OD;aqmifaom NAdwdoQukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJYESifhaqG;aEG;Mu&mwGifAkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u awmifwef;a'ojynfe,frsm;ESifhjrefrmjynfrwkdY yl;aygif;vsuf jynfaxmifpkykHoPmeftjzpf vkH;0vGwfvyfa&;ay;&eff wdusjywfom;pGmyif awmif;qkdcJhygonf/ odkY&mwGif ESpfzufaqG;aEG;MupOf taESmuft,Sufwpfck jzpfay:fvm
ykHum; &Srf;jynfe,frS apmfbGm;ESpfOD;trnfjzifh ]]atmifqef;onf &Srf;jynfudk ukd,fpm;rjyK? jynfrrS jrefrmacgif;aqmifwpfOD;om jzpfonf}}[laom aMu;eef;pmwpfapmif NAdwdoQtpkd;&xHodkY a&mufvmcJhjcif;yifjzpfygonf/ wGif ocifjr? OD;ausmfNidrf;paom jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJYrsm;onf txl;pkd;&drfruif;jzpfcJhMu&ygonf/
odkYaomf aemufESpf&ufrQtMumwGif aemufxyfaMu;eef;pmwpfapmif a&mufvm&m ,if;aMu;eef; AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf &Srf;jynfe,ftygt0if awmifwef;a'otm;vkH;udk
ukd,fpm;jyKaom acgif;aqmifjzpfaMumif;ESifhawmifwef;a'orSwkdif;&if;om;jynfolrsm;twGufta&;qkd&eft
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OD;azcif
12
]]pma&;ol\udk,fa&;jzpfpOftusOf;}}pma&;olonf rEav;wkdif;? aysmfbG,fNrdKUe,f? qGJrSef
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cef(c)OD;bkduav;ESifhtrda':wkwf\om;jzpfygonf/ aus;&Gm&Sd rlvwef;ausmif;wGif pwifynmoifMum;cJhNyD;aemuf pwkwwef;atmifjrifaomtcg aysmfbG,fNrdKU? 0ufpvD,efomoemjyKrpf&Sifausmif;odkY 1923-ckESpfu ajymif;a&TU owrwef;atmifonftxd ynmqufoifcJhonf/
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pma&;ol\tpfudkBuD;OD;boef;onf a&SUaetjzpftoufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyKvkyf&m aysmfbG,fNrdKUcH OD;avmqkdoljrefrma&SUaeBuD;wpfOD;\tultnDjzifh wjznf;jznf; emrnf&vmum &rnf;oif;? rdwdvmESifhompnfNrdKUrsm;xdatmif ol\a&SUaevkyfief;us,fjyefYvmcJhygonf/
1926-ckESpfu omrkdif;cef;apmfbGm;\e,fy,fjzpfaom atmifyef;NrdKUwGif vlowfrIwpfrIjzpfyGm;cJh&m rdaxG;(omrdkif;cef;apmfbGm;BuD;\ESr)u xkdtrItwGuf tpfudkBuD;OD;boef;tm; a&SUaetjzpf iSm;&rf;&ef trIonfESifhqufoG,fay;
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(aemufydkif;emrnfBuD;wuodkvfabmvkH;orm;jzpfvmol)ESifh udkoef;xGef;(aemufydkif;ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifhzqyvtzGJYcsKyftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;jzpfvmolocifoef;xGef;)wkdYvnf; yg0ifcJhygonf/
1928-ckESpfwGif pma&;olonf rdwfaqGwpfOD;&Sd&mrEav;odkY tvnftywfoGm;&mrS rEav;NrdKUwGif ynmoifvkdpdwf ay:vmNyD; rEav; (Kelly)]]u,fvD[kdufpul;ausmif;}}odkYajymif;a&TUynm qufoifcJhygonf/ q,fwef;pmar;yGJatmifjrifaomtcg rEav;wuokdvfwGif raebJ &efukefwuokdvf
odkY oGm;a&mufynmoifcJhygonf/ aemufwpfESpfMumaomtcgAkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;jzpfvmrnfh ukdatmifqef;onfvnf; pma&;olaeonfh&efukefwuokdvf? yJcl;aqmifodkY a&muf&Sdvm&mpma&;olESifhrdwfaqGjzpfvmcJhMuygonf/
pma&;olonf wif;epfupm;0goemygNyD; rEav;]]u,fvD [kdufpul;ausmif;}}wGif aepOfu ESpfBudrf wkdifwkdifausmif;csefyD,efjzpfchJygonf/ &efukefwuodkvfa&mufaomtcgwGifvnf; qufvuf wif;epfupm;cJh&m wpfOD;csif;csefyD,ef rjzpfvifhupm; ukd0if;ESifhwGJ ESpfa,mufwGJ wif;epfNydKif
yGJwGif okH;BudrfwkdifcsefyD,efqk qGwfcl;&&SdcJhzl;ygonf/ xkdYtjyifwuodkvfwif;epftoif;\Ou|ESpfBudrfjzpfcJhygonf/
wuokdvfrS 0dZmbGJY&NyD;aemuf Oya'0dZmwef;qufwufcJhygonf/ rlv&nf&G,fcsufrSm tpfukdBuD;\ajc&mudk eif; a&SUaetjzpf toufarG;&efjzpfaomfvnf; &nfrSef;csuftwkdif; jzpfrvmbJ oHtrwfBuD;wpfOD;tjzpf ESpfaygif; 25-ESpfwmumvrQ ygupwef? xkdif;? zdvpfykdif? avm? uarm'D;,m;?urmhukvor*(e,l;a,muf)? tD*spf? qD;&D;,m;? &k&Sm;? csufudkpvkdAufuD;,m;? ykdvef? rav;&Sm;? pifumylEkdifiHrsm;odkYoGm;
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pma&;olonf AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;? ocifoef;xGef;?ocifEkwkdYESifhausmif;om;b0uwnf;u oduRrf;cJholjzpfaomfvnf; EkdifiHa&;vkyf&ef &nf&G,fcsuf rlvur&SdcJhyg/ odkYaomf pdwf0ifpm;rI&Sdoljzpf&m jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;twGuf ta&;qkdaepOfwGif &Srf;jynf\aemifa&;twGuf yg0ifaqmif&Gufvm&mrS AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u EkdifiHa&;e,fy,fxJ qGJoGif; zqyvtzGJY
csKyftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJY0ifwpfOD;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? zqyvOD;pD;tzGJY0iftjzpfvnf;aumif;? zqyvtzGJYcsKyfwGif awmifwef;e,fa'otwGif;a&;rSL;tjzpfvnf;aumif; xrf;aqmif
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cJh&if; yifvkHpmcsKyf jzpfay:vma&;twGuf t"duusaomtcef;u@rS yg0ifvIyf&Sm;cJholjzpfygonf/ xkdYtjyif AkdvfcsKyfwkdYvkyfMuHcH&NyD;aemuf ocifEk OD;aqmifaom tpkd;&tzGJYwGif 0efBuD;wpfOD;tjzpfvnf; yg0ifcJhygonf/
pma&;ol\EkdifiHa&;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk EkdifiHawmf
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&Jacgifarmifarmif
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14
ed'gef;
a&Twd*kHtv,fyp,H zqyvnDvmcHBuD;ESifhyifvkHpmcsKyfjzpfay:vmykHtaMumif;udk rpwifrD yifvkH tpnf;ta0;rnfokdYrnfykH pwifcJh&onfudk yPmrtaejzifh wifjyvdkygonf/
urmhjzpf&yfBuD;rsm; tm;vkH;rSm ao;i,faom taMumif;t&mrsm;u pwifcJhonfhom"uajrmufjrm;pGm &SdygaMumif; txl;wifjy&ef vkdrnfrxifyg/
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apmfbGm;rsm;\pum;0kdif;wGif EkdifiHa&;tjrifESifhwufwuf
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a&mufcJhygonf/,if;pmcsKyfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHudk vGwfvyfa&;ay;onfh
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AkdvfcsKyfonf ,if;udpESifhfywfouf taqmwvsifylylaEG;aEG; aqmif&GufrSjzpfrnf[k oabm& ,if;udptwGufoD;jcm;tpnf;ta0;wpf&yfac:,lcsdeftxd rapmifhawmhbJvGefcJhaomyxryifvkHtpnf;ta0;u qkH;jzwfxm;onfhtwkdif; yifvkHwGif awGYqkHMurnfh'kwd,yifvkHtpnf;ta0;odkY udk,fwkdifwufa&mufcJhygonf/
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OD;azcif
16
a&Twd*kHnDvmcHonf zqyvtzGJYcsKyfu BuD;rSL;usif;
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u BudKwifawG;rdonf/ odkYjzpf tuGJuGJtjym;jym;jzpfaeaomygwDtzGJYtpnf;rsm;udk wpfpkwpfpnf;wnf;jzpfapcsifonf/odkYjzpf *VKefOD;apm\rsKd;cspfygwD? a'gufwmAarmf\r[mArm^qif;&Jom;ygwD? OD;cspfvIdif? OD;yk? OD;xGef;atmifausmf(vIdif?yk? ausmf)wkdYacgif;aqmifaomtzGJY? wkdYArmtpnf;t&kH;ponfhygwDaygif;pkHrS EdkifiHa&;orm;a[mif;BuD;rsm;tm; zdwfMum;aeol&defnDvmcHusif;yNyD; pnf;&Hk;cJhonf/ ,if;nDvmcHrSyifAkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;tm; zqyv(wyfaygif;pkBuD;)\Ou|tjzpf wnDwnTwfwnf; a&G;cs,fwifajrmufvkdufygonf/(Akdvf
csKyfwiful;awG;xifxm;onfhtwkdif;yif a':refprpfu &mxl;jy qGJaqmifpnf;&kH;&modkY ygoGm;Muonfukd awGY&ygonf/)
]]a':refprpfjyefvmNyD}} {nfhcHyGJrdefYcGef;
bk&ifcHqm a':refprpfonfvnf; jrefrmjynfESifhywfoufonfh(Burma Statement of Policy by H.M.G, 1945) NAdwdoQwkdY\rl0g'(trsm;odonfh puLjzLpmwrf;)ukd o,faqmifvsufqif;rvm;rS jrefrmjynfwGif;odkY jyefvnf0ifa&mufvmcJhNyD;aemufwpfaeY 1945-ckESpf? atmufwkdbmv(17)&ufaeYwGifNrdKUawmfcef;r usif;yonfhif;tm;*kPfjyKonfh{nfhcHyGJ jrefrmEkdifiHvGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rIrSm NyD;qkH;oGm;NyDjzpfaMumif;? rMumrDrSmyif tajctaeay;onfESifhwNydKifeuf zGJYpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'a&;qGJa&;twGuf wkdif;jyKjynfjyKvTwfawmfa&G;
aumufyGJusif;yay;awmhrnfjzpfaMumif; [dwfBuD;[efBuD;jzifh0ifh
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17
omjzpfonf[k ,lqjcif;rSm rSm;,Gif;aeygonf/pifppftm;jzifh a&Twd*kHnDvmcHBuD;rSm zqyvtvH
awmfatmuf&Sd tzGJYtpnf;rsm;rS ukd,fpm;vS,frsm; pkHpkHnDnDwufa&mufvmMuonfh(rMumrDaomumvwGif ay:aygufvmrnfjzpfonfhtrsKd;om;nDnTwfa&;udk ckdifNrJaprnfh)orkdif;0if
yifvkHpmcsKyfBuD;ukd rsKd;aphcsay;onfhnDvmcHjzpfaMumif; awGYjrifMu&ayvdrfhrnf/
awmifwef;a'orsm;uRefawmfonf 1945-ckESpf? 'DZifbmvwGif ysOf;rem;
NrdKU usif;ycJhaom Arm-rGwfqvifuGef*&uff(A-r-u)rS a&Twd*kHnDvmcHBuD;odkY wufa&muf&ef tmZmenfq&mBuD;OD;&mZwf?0efBuD;a[mif;OD;cifarmifvwfwkdYESifhtwl ukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfapvTwfjcif;cH&oljzpfygonf/ A-r-urSm zqyvtzGJYcsKyfBuD;
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ae&mwGif awmifwef;a'o[k ac:aom trnfynwfESifhywfouf tenf;i,fwifjyvkdygonf/ awmifwef;
a'o(0g)e,fpyfa'o (Frontier Areas) [kac:aomtrnfynwfukdyif t*FvdyfwkdYu uefYowfa'orsm;(Z,m;0ifa'orsm;)(Scheduled Area) [kvnf;ac:ao;onf/ odkYZ,m;0ifa'o[kac:qkdjcif;rSm 1935-ckESpf? ArmEkdifiHtpkd;&tufOya'xJwGif oD;oefYZ,m; xnfhoGif;az:jyxm;jcif;aMumifh jzpfayonf/ ,if;a'orsm;wGif &Srf;jynf? ppfukdif;wkdif;twGif;&Sd e,fajrtpdwftykdif;tcsKdU? oHvGifc&kdif[k ac:wGifonfhao;i,fonfhe,fajrESifhawmifay:om;vlrsKd;pkrsm; aexkdif&m awmifaMumay:&Sd e,fajrrsm; yg0ifygonf/
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puLjzLpmwrf;\rlt& awmifwef;a'orsm;ukd ppfrjzpfrDu tpDtpOftwkdif; bk&ifcH\vufatmufcHtjzpf xm;
&SdOD;rnfjzpfygonf/ awmifwef;a'orsm;udk ,if;a'orS vlxku if;wkdYtaejzifh jynfrESifhyl;aygif;vkdygonf[k qEjyKawmif;qkdonfhtcsdeftxd bk&ifcHu qufvuftkyfcsKyfoGm;rnfho
abmyifjzpfayonf/t*Fvdyfrsm; fajymMum;csufrsm;rSm vGefcJhaom tESpf
(50)avmufuwnf;u if;wkdYtpkd;&tqufqufwkdYu jrefrmjynfvGwfvyfa&;ESifhywfoufNyD; ajymcJhonfhtwkdif;omjzpf"mwfjym;a[mif;BuD;udk jyefzGifhaejcif;jzpfonf[kqkd&ygrnf/
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axmuftxm;wpf&yfrSm NAdwdoQtifyg,mumuG,fa&;wGifwpfpdwfwpfa'otokH;0ifrnfhawmifwef;a'oudk csefvSyfxm;NyD; jynfrudkom vufvTwf&eff tMuHjzpfayonf/ ,if;tMuHtpnfrSm NAdwdoQtpkd;&uufbdeuftzGJY0ifwpfOD;jzpfaom jrefrmEkdifiHqkdif&m0efBuD; (Secretary of state for Burma) u jrefrmEkdifiHbk&ifcHxH 30-11-43 aeYpGJjzifh a&;onfhvQKdU0SufpmwGif az:
jyxm;ygonf/ ,if;pmudk uRefawmfhtm; wdwfwqdwftoday;vmaomrsKd;cspfpdwff&Sdonfhyk*KdvfESpfOD;rSm OD;nDyk(awmifBuD;rif;BuD;&kH;pma&;BuD;)ESifhudkpHatmif(xkdpOfu jrefrmhtvif;owif;axmuf)wkdYjzpfMuygonf/ taxmuftxm;rsm;aMumifhyifuRefawmfhtaejzifh awmifwef;a'oudk csefrxm;bJ wpfygwnf; jynfrESifhvGwfvyfa&;ay;&efudpudk nDvmcHBuD;wGif tqkdwif&ef qkH;jzwf&jcif;jzpfygonf/
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tpnf;ta0;BuD;NyD; if;wkYdxGufvmMuaomtcgocifoef;xGef;u olYvlawGESifhuRefawmfhtm; rdwfqufay;ygonf/ if;wkdYteuf ocifcspfwpfOD;udkom uRefawmfrSwfrdygawmhonf/ uRefawmhfoli,fcsif; ocifodef;az(jrifh)rSm xdktcsdefu uGefjrLepfygwDtaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;jzpf if;udkvnf; awGY&ygonf/
ukdoef;xGef;ESifhuRefawmf tmvmyovmypum;rsm;
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jyonf/uRefawmfu ]]puLjzLpmwrf;[m uRefawmfwkdYjynfr
udk vGwfvyfa&;ray;rjzpfvkdY ay;vkduf&&ifawmifrSawmifwef;a'oawGudk qufvufpkd;rkd;jc,fvS,fzkdY t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUwkdY&JUajcvSrf;yJ[k ajymonfudk ukdoef;xGef;u olvnf; 'DvkdyJ ,lqonf
[k jyefajymygonf/odkYjzifh uRefawmfonf nDvmcHBuD;wGif awmifwef;a'orsm; jrefrmjynfrESifhyl;aygif;a&;[laom acgif;pOfjzifh wpf&yfukd nDvmcHtpDtpOfwGif xnfhoGif;ay;&ef ay;tyfcJhygonf?uRefawmfrSwfrdoa&GU tqkdtrSwfpOf(7)jzpfygonf/
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ukd,fawGYyifvkH
19
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aeMuwmyJ? 'gaMumifh u&iftcsKdUu vufrcHEkdifonfhwkdifatmifppfNyD;acwf jrefrmhEkdifiHa&;rSm xif&Sm;wJhyk*KdvfBuD;yJ/ OD;b*srf;qkdolu rodwJhvlr&SdwJhtm&Svli,facgif;aqmifBuD;wpfOD;tjzpf xif&Sm;olyJ? jcKHMunfhvkdufvQif trsKd;om;a&;udprSm ajzmifhrwfrSefuefpGm &yfwnfajz&Sif;EkdifwJhyk*KdvfawGyJ}}[k uRefawmfh
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7/30/2019 Pin Lone By U Phay Kin
21/102
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ukd,fawGYyifvkH
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OD;azcif
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7/30/2019 Pin Lone By U Phay Kin
24/102
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